Detailed plan of the furnace for the manufacture of charcoal. The benefits of charcoal

Charcoal is inherently a unique material. It has been known since ancient times, but it was only in the last century that it was truly appreciated. At charcoal there are a lot of advantages. It does not pollute the environment, it does not contain any harmful components - it is an environmentally friendly product. How to get products from wood by exposing them to high temperatures was known in ancient times. Several varieties of charcoal are known. It all depends on the manufacturing technology and the raw materials from which it is made. The need for this type of fuel is constantly growing, so many entrepreneurs are turning their attention to this type of business.

Charcoal and its benefits

The production of charcoal in modern world given great attention. Installations for production are constantly modernized and improved, which makes it possible to obtain even better final product. If the technology for the production of charcoal is developed in accordance with all the rules, then it can be considered environmentally friendly and energy efficient.

The birthplace of the production of charcoal on an industrial scale in our country is the Urals. On the African continent many peoples still use this coal for cooking. It is prepared according to a special method.

Today, two types of coal burning are used: pit and heap. They are used in the event that the need for coal is one-time. None of these methods require additional costs. It is necessary to have firewood, water and turf on hand. The best raw materials for charcoal burning are hardwoods. They produce the highest quality product.

Recently, aspen and coniferous waste have been increasingly used. In this case, in order to obtain high-quality coal, it is necessary to adhere to a special production technology.

The yield of the final product will depend on what kind of wood you are using. In scale industrial production coal output is often much less than originally planned. The most common reason is the ingress of oxygen into the furnace and, as a result, the complete burnout of the source material.

There are three types of charcoal:

black - it is made from soft rocks wood (it can be: aspen, willow, linden, alder and poplar);
white - it is obtained from hardwoods, which are oak, birch, hornbeam, acacia, ash, and so on;
red - for its production are used only conifers. Charcoal is obtained by soft charcoal, temperature regime while it should be low.

The benefits of this product are very great. Its use can even be called universal. This alternative view fuel is environmentally friendly and safe to use.

Areas of application for charcoal

It is worth noting that the massive use of charcoal has led to the fact that the emission of harmful greenhouse gases into the atmosphere has significantly decreased. Thus, humanity has a chance to maintain a precarious ecological balance on the planet.

Technology and equipment for the production of charcoal

Despite the fact that the technology for the production of charcoal is simple, it requires certain knowledge and skills. Otherwise, the yield percentage will be small, and the quality of the product will not be up to par.

Any of the known technologies for producing charcoal consists of four stages:

Drying. As you know, wet wood will smolder badly.
Pyrolysis. This stage is considered the most important in the entire production process.
Calcination. At this stage, resins and excess gases are separated from coal.
Cooling down.

Until recently, coal production has environment irreparable harm. The gases released into the atmosphere polluted it. Scientists have developed new technologies that have solved this problem.

The equipment for the production of our product is a special charcoal kiln, in which there is no free access of oxygen.

Modern charcoal kilns are designed so that the gases generated during oxidation are fed into the furnace, where they are burned out and used to maintain the required temperature, which is required to burn the source material. If the wood is not very wet, then these gases are enough to complete the process, which in turn allows you to significantly save energy.

If a we are talking about the possibility of using only one container, then in this case there can be no question of the continuity of the process: first, wood is loaded into the oven and melted. The next step is drying the wood. They are allowed to burn out, and the stove is extinguished. Waiting for the coal to cool down. The product is removed and the process is repeated.

The use of removable containers into which firewood is loaded allows solving the problem in the following way: in one of the containers, the firewood is dried, in the other, it is oxidized, in the third, it burns out. The container in which the process is completed is removed and allowed to cool, and another one with new material is installed in its place.

On the this moment There are many different devices for heat treatment wood. Now the most attention is paid to those technical solutions, which can be used at timber industry enterprises and allow processing waste from this production.

Such installations are usually easy to use and manage.

Video: charcoal production technology

The sequence of actions in the production of charcoal

The procedure is as follows: the prepared wood is placed in a special loading chamber. Sensors are installed on it, from which a signal is received about the combustion of the material and the drying of coal.

The next step is to unload the coal for cooling. This is the process for a single chamber charcoal kiln.

Finished products are crushed and packaged in paper bags and bags. For industrial use, coal is crushed into large pieces, and for domestic use, into small pieces.

A month can be from 7–9 to 25–30 cycles. Everything will depend on the volume of loaded raw materials. Performance does not depend on the length of the cycle.

Raw materials - there should be no problems with it. Sawdust, waste paper and furniture industry can be used as starting material. But in this case, the quality of coal may not be at the highest level.

The optimal solution to the issue of the supply of raw materials would be to conclude an agreement with a company that specializes in the harvesting and processing of timber. Branches, stumps, branches and so on will be used - this is one of the most economical options. More expensive - buying chopped firewood.

In order to get 1 ton of charcoal, you will need at least 7 cubic meters of wood. This ratio is applicable for single-chamber furnaces. In three-chamber output will be much larger.

Sales of products

Unfortunately, in our country the consumption of these products is not at the proper level.

The ideal marketing option is an overseas partnership. In European countries, this product has been appreciated for a long time, it is in great demand there. But, if it is not possible to organize a business in this way, then you can find buyers in our country.

For example, you can organize the sale of charcoal in bulk: you can offer your products to energy companies and individuals who use individual heating. Coal is used not only in closed furnaces. It is used for cooking barbecue and barbecue. Owners of blacksmith shops and smelters can become buyers of your products. Pharmaceutical companies may also be interested in your offer.

Do not discount large stores where goods for summer holidays, gas stations, restaurants and barbecue houses are displayed. It is possible that the demand will be seasonal. In summer, your products can sell out much faster.

If you are planning to grow your business, try to come up with some kind of logo to put on the bags and register trademark. This is necessary in order for the product to be recognizable.

To avoid unwanted excesses, marketing routes must be thought out in advance (described in detail each of them in the business plan for the production of charcoal).

Profitability of charcoal production

The profitability of production will largely depend on what strategy of behavior you choose in the market. This business is profitable and quite promising. The switch to biofuels is encouraging many to use charcoal.

The demand for these products is steadily growing. Perhaps not as fast as we would like, but if you want to take another free niche in this area economic activity- hurry up. In the near future, the market may become oversaturated with offers, and the struggle for survival will become even more serious.

It doesn't take much to get started in this area. So, you do not need the construction of large technological premises. Buying a large amount of equipment will also be superfluous.

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To set the minimum required amount equipment to produce 30 tons of charcoal per month, you will need about 500 thousand rubles. What is included in these costs?

Equipment:

oven - from 20 to 100,000 rubles;
scales - from 3 to 5,000 rubles;
electric generator - from 25 thousand rubles;
chainsaws - from 7 thousand rubles;
hydraulic splitters;
packing machine.

Raw material: at the rate of 30 tons/month:

chopped firewood - from 1300 to 1700 rubles. /m3;
packaging bags finished products- 10 12 rubles / piece.

Staff salary in the amount of 5 people - 80-100 thousand rubles. per month.

Monthly income will be about 70 thousand rubles. The cost of 1 kg. charcoal - 18–22 rubles / kg.

The undoubted advantage of technology, equipment, charcoal production is a small initial investment, as well as the absence of problems that you may encounter when starting your own business. The downside is quite a lot of competition. If there are problems with sales, the payback of the project can be at least 2 years. But if you manage to set up an implementation on highest level, then investments can pay off in 3-4 months.

Summary

If we listen to the opinion of experts, we can draw the following conclusions: Russian market charcoal is not fully saturated. Therefore, everyone who wants to try their hand at this field has a good chance of becoming successful businessman. It would take a lot to open a case like this. easier themes who is in any way connected with the forestry and woodworking industry. This will help to significantly reduce the level of initial investment.

In conclusion, I would like to note that charcoal is considered an elite fuel, the fuel of convenience and comfort. AT modern society there are more and more people who want to use this type of biologically clean fuel. Do not miss your chance, draw the appropriate correct conclusions.

Man uses daily different kinds energy, and its consumption is increasing in geometric progression, therefore, the need for fuel is also growing, thanks to which it is produced and which is usually attributed to renewable resources, because trees grow.

In addition, this type of fuel is biological, which means that it is environmentally friendly and safe for the atmosphere. That is why many may be interested in a business plan for the production of charcoal.

Features and characteristics

The production of charcoal in Russia has been practiced since very ancient times - it was used in forges for furnaces. Therefore, by drawing up a business plan for the production of charcoal and engaging in its implementation, you will not only open your own business, but continue a centuries-old tradition.

Before you decide to open your own production in this area, you need to understand its main nuances. Charcoal is a substance with a high carbon content, which is obtained by pyrolysis of wood in a vacuum environment, that is, without any access to oxygen.

This means that you will need special coal burning furnaces where the primary combustion of raw materials will take place. The flame in this case is created through the use of gases, that is, volatile pyrolysis products, and not through the process of smoldering wood.

If to speak in simple words, then the charring of raw materials is carried out at a temperature of 450-500 degrees Celsius. As a result of pyrolysis, not only the main product is obtained, but also acetone, acetic acid, resins, methanol and other products.

Therefore, the charcoal production business plan should include the possibility of producing additional products. However, if the production of liquid components is carried out in small quantities, which are completely unprofitable to process, then it is better to use them for generating heat, which will significantly reduce costs in this area.

Big Picture

The world produces nine million tons of coal annually. Brazil is the world's first producer of of this type fuel. In Russia, despite the fact that there is an abundance of forests, only 100 thousand tons of coal are produced annually, so there is a strong shortage of it in the country.

That is why coal produced in Belarus, Ukraine and China is constantly imported. Any entrepreneur may well take his place in this niche, since a domestic product of good quality is in great demand among consumers.

Charcoal production technology

Before you start your business, you need to decide on a number of very important points. First of all, you should decide which charcoal production technology will be used, as well as what structure the raw material will have. If you are interested in the production of "white" coal, you can export it to Japan, where it is in great demand.

Owners of private houses that have fireplaces usually purchase "red" coal. Its production is carried out with soft charcoal and at a low temperature. And now we come close to the question of what charcoal is made of. For this, wood or its waste is used. It is worth giving preference to hardwood species. Recently, wastes of coniferous, shrubby trees, as well as aspen are increasingly used as raw materials.

The essence of the production process

So, if you have drawn up a business plan for the production of charcoal, then by producing preliminary calculations payback, consider the fact that in reality it may turn out that the yield of coal will be much less than you expected.

This is due to the fact that oxygen enters the apparatus, due to which the direct combustion of wood occurs. That is why you must organize a clear production structure and technology that allows you to reduce losses, as well as prevent rejects in the form of an unburned product with cracks and a smell of tar.

The working process

To start the activity, you will need special equipment for the production of charcoal. There is a lot of it, but you should choose one that can be used on an industrial scale for the active processing of forest waste. The factory should be located in close proximity to wood production, and its equipment must correspond to the scale of the waste.

You can build your production next to the felling. If the raw materials are located as close as possible, then you can reduce the costs associated with its transportation. Therefore, equipment for the production of charcoal must be transportable - this will allow you to follow the logging production.

It is important that the manufacturing process is environmentally friendly, which will reduce emissions that cause considerable harm to the environment. If the charcoal burning stoves have a simple design, then it will not be difficult to use and repair them, in case of any malfunctions.

Manufacturing process

All production includes three stages. At the first stage, the drying of wood is carried out, with which subsequent work will be carried out. Everyone knows that wet raw materials will not smolder. At the second stage, the pyrolysis process begins. In all production, this step is the most important. At the third stage, calcination is carried out, during which excess gases and resins will be separated from the harvested coal.

The furnace, intended for the production of oxygen-free pyrolysis, is equipped with a retort, which is a closed vessel heated from the outside. The combustion process is carried out first in the chamber, from which the air is previously pumped out.

Today, charcoal is quite in demand - it is bought by restaurants and cafes for cooking, chemical and metallurgical plants for production processes, people for cooking barbecue and grill. Charcoal production as a business - perfect solution if you live in wooded areas. The procedure does not require serious investments and quickly pays off with the right approach. In this article, we will analyze how to start your own charcoal business and give an example of the calculation.

Introduction

Charcoal is a high-carbon material that is obtained by pyrolysis of wood. different varieties with limited air intake. For its production, a special oven is required, which can be placed both in your own garage and under open sky or in a specially equipped workshop.

Charcoal is a profitable business

As of 2017, in Russia there is an average saturation of the market with these products, so any businessman can easily start production and find sales outlets for finished products. The main thing is to correctly calculate and think over, analyze everything consumer market, think about where it is more profitable to sell products in bulk. Make up detailed business plan and stick to it when implementing your idea.

Types of coal

Many people think that all coal sold in supermarkets and gas stations is the same, but in reality there are many varieties. It can be divided into:

Red. It is made from conifers using a special technology by soft charcoal.
White. To create it, hardwood is used, such as oak, birch, elm, hornbeam, etc.
Black. To create it, soft wood is used: linden, aspen, poplar, alder, willow, etc.

Many entrepreneurs make only classic black coal, but if you want to capture the market, then the range should be expanded. You should be guided by what raw materials you can get: if oak forests grow in your area, then you will have to use this particular material, etc. You should also know that there are three varieties according to GOST 7657-84 A, B and C. The higher the grade , the better the quality of coal and the more willing it will be purchased, so try to make only a quality product.

Note: a large number of entrepreneurs uses as raw materials various waste products from woodworking and furniture companies, as well as rotten logs and bars. It is not recommended to do this, since the quality of coal from such raw materials will be extremely low.

Of course, you can earn more in this way. But customers will not like your products and in the end it will hit the image of a young business.

You should also consider in what packaging to sell the product. Usually it is packaged in paper bags and plastic bags with a capacity of 2 to 50 kg. The most popular among the population are bags weighing 5-10 kg, while restaurants and enterprises buy it in bags of 50 kg to reduce the cost of raw materials.

Raw Material Improvement Dryer

How is charcoal made

Next, we will analyze the technology for the production of charcoal. There is nothing complicated in it - the process is based on the principle of pyrolysis. The finished raw material is fired at a given temperature without air access and turns into coal. The production algorithm is as follows:

Raw materials are manually loaded into the furnace.
The furnace turns on, burning occurs.
Coal is unloaded, cooled, packaged and sent to the warehouse.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in the procedure, but safety precautions should be strictly followed during production. Be sure to observe fire safety, set up an alarm and have several fire extinguishers on hand so that in the event of a fire it can be quickly eliminated.

The best raw material for making coal is wood in chocks, cut into pieces of 40-60 cm. If you plan to buy logs, you will have to hire a special person who will grind them to a predetermined size. The cheapest way to buy raw materials is from a supplier or at woodworking plants - they are available in almost all regions of Russia. Negotiate with them wholesale deliveries - the cheaper you can buy raw materials, the greater the profit.

Equipment

Let's consider whatmust be purchased. Today, the market offers entrepreneurs a wide range of specialized equipment, ranging from inexpensive manual-loading furnaces to automated lines capable of producing tens of cubic meters of finished product per shift. The main equipment for manufacturing is a pyrolysis oven. We do not recommend starting a business with professional stoves - first, get a small one, master the process, find customers, and then calculate how much coal you can sell, and select a new device based on this. When choosing, consider the following factors:

Available area. Entry-to-mid range ovens are about 40 m2, so think about whether you can place it on your site or in the workshop.
How many raw materials can you load at one time. Keep in mind that to get 1 ton of coal you need 7-9 tons. The better the quality of the loaded wood, the better the product will be.
duration of pyrolysis. On average, one cycle lasts about 50 hours, but it all depends on the type of wood, the selected equipment and the volume of the furnace.
The power of the pyrolysis oven. Power is how much coal can be created in one cycle. On the market there are models with a capacity of 100 to 2000 kilograms of finished products.

Pyrolysis oven for manufacturing

What you need to get started

Next, consider charcoal production technology and equipment needed to start. The main thing in this business is the oven. The price depends on its power - in 2017, a small 100-kilogram furnace can be bought for 50,000, a full-fledged 2 tons - for 1,000,000 rubles. Thanks to this division, you can choose the option that suits you both in terms of price and performance. Many entrepreneurs start their journey with a 300-500 kg oven, after which, if necessary, they buy a second one or change it to a more powerful one. Note that not only pyrolysis, but also retort furnaces are on the market, but they are worse in quality, so they should not be considered as an alternative. To get started you will also need:

Scales electronic 5-7 000 rubles.
Packaging device - 100-150,000 rubles.
Chainsaw - 10,000 rubles.

This is the minimum set of equipment to get started - it is quite enough for beginners and for small workshops. In the future, you may need separators for grinding, dryers for improving the quality of raw materials, batchers for process automation, special lines feed, etc., but usually this equipment is used on large enterprises so you don't need to worry about it just yet. You can save even more by purchasing not a ready-made furnace, but by ordering a pyrolysis barrel from local craftsmen, but this is an option for those who have a seriously limited budget - it’s better to buy a high-quality and specialized furnace right away.

How profitable is it

Universal business plan for the production of charcoal no - it all depends on where exactly you will buy raw materials, what price it will be, how you will arrange sales, etc., but the average figures for the industry are known. We recommend that you do not contact retail sales, in last resort you can just sell bags in the workshop without organizing your own outlets.

Quality charcoal

Look for those who will buy products in bulk:

Supermarkets or local retail chains.
Filling stations.
Restaurants and cafes.
Wholesale stores and bases.
Various industrial enterprises who need coal for technical processes.

Practice shows that in almost any region of Russia there are places where coal from the manufacturer will be popular and can be sold in bulk. Therefore, before starting, think about where you can rent it, try to communicate with potential buyers to determine their expectations and the required volumes. It often happens that an entrepreneur works with one wholesaler, handing over to him all the products produced.

Registration with the tax authorities - 15,000 rubles.
Purchase of a set of equipment - 1,000,000 rubles.
Room rental, repair work- 400,000 rubles per year.
Purchase of wood for processing - 300,000 rubles.

In total, to open a business, you will need approximately 1,700,000 rubles. Note that in this case we are talking about professional equipment and a medium-sized workshop that produces about 20 tons of coal per month. If there is no such budget, then you can get by with a cheaper set of equipment and a garage - this will require investments of about 300,000 rubles with a capacity of 2 tons per month. It is also desirable to have a car for the transportation of finished products - even an inexpensive GAZelle capable of taking on board about a ton of cargo is suitable.

Next, let's calculate the profit. The selling wholesale price of birch charcoal in 2017 is 100 rubles per kilogram, while its cost is about 60, including all expenses. On 1 kilogram you earn 40 rubles, on 2 tons products sold(home workshop) - 80 thousand rubles, for a full-fledged enterprise producing 20 tons per month - 800,000 rubles. Thus, the investments made pay off in 2-4 months, although in practice a full payback is obtained in 4-6 months (additional costs inevitably arise).

In contact with

Room selection
Business Startup Technology
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Demand for charcoal has remained consistently high over a long period of time. It is used not only in everyday life, but also in the metallurgical, chemical industries, and also as a feed additive for animals. The popularity of charcoal as a commodity during the period summer holiday and picnic needs no proof. According to some reports, the profitability of a business in the production of charcoal is from 20 to 30%. The total investment in a mini-enterprise for the production of charcoal is at least 1.5 million rubles. This amount, as a rule, includes the purchase of equipment, the arrangement of the production site, the purchase of raw materials, the registration of activities and other unforeseen expenses ...

Most experts agree that the domestic charcoal market is not saturated. The volume of charcoal production in Russia is just over 100 thousand tons per year. Although back in the days Soviet Union this figure was at least 350 thousand tons per year. For example, in Brazil, a little bit is produced annually - 7.5 million tons of coal. Our country, which has incommensurable reserves of raw materials for the production of charcoal, is forced to be an importer of this product, instead of exporting charcoal. The main countries exporting coal to Russia are Belarus, China and Ukraine.

If you decide to open own production charcoal, one should take into account one very important point. Opening such a business is easier for those who already have a business in the forestry industry. This helps to significantly reduce the entry ticket to the business. In addition, woodworking enterprises have free raw materials for the production of charcoal, which ultimately reduces the cost of finished products, and therefore allows them to sell products at a more competitive price. If this is not possible, then significant initial investments will be required.

Room selection

Charcoal production is not considered environmentally harmful. Nevertheless, it is more expedient to place an enterprise outside the city or village, at a distance of at least 300 meters from the nearest residential complexes. The ideal option is to locate production near woodworking enterprises and sawmills, as well as wood harvesting sites. This is due not only to the requirements of the law, but also to the logistical component.

As for the sizes land plot, then its area should be at least 200 square meters. meters. The main part of the equipment (furnace) is located on an open land plot. A separate part of the territory is allocated for a warehouse for raw materials and a warehouse for finished products. You should also install a small room (change house) to accommodate production personnel and a security guard. In addition, it is worth taking care of the presence of a sales and accounting department. The arrangement of the industrial and office area will require financial investments in the amount of 700 thousand rubles.

Renting a plot of such an area, depending on the region, will cost the entrepreneur 50-150 thousand rubles a month. According to experts, high rent can adversely affect the development of the business. Therefore, depending on the availability of start-up funds, it is more expedient to acquire a land plot and the buildings and structures located on it.

What equipment to choose for the production of charcoal

Complete set of equipment for the organization small workshop for the production of charcoal includes: a charcoal kiln (~ 120 thousand rubles), a weight batcher (~ 20 thousand rubles), an electric generator (~ 30 thousand rubles), a hydraulic wood splitter (~ 90 thousand rubles), packaging car (~ 100 thousand rubles), chainsaws (~ 30 thousand rubles for 2 pcs.). The cost of the entire set will be about 350 - 400 thousand rubles.

In addition to acquiring production equipment, you should think about buying truck, which will transport raw materials and finished products. About 300 - 700 thousand rubles (used cars) should be provided for this item of expenditure.

The main component for the production of charcoal is a charcoal kiln (or pyrolysis plant). The purpose of the furnace is the processing of non-marketable wood and woodworking waste into environmentally friendly charcoal. Charcoal kilns, according to their purpose, are divided into stationary and mobile. Mobile stoves are used primarily by logging organizations and serve for the disposal of waste from the forestry industry. Mobile stoves are moved to the place of processing, thereby reducing the cost of delivering raw materials, plus, woodworking waste serves as additional fuel.

Stationary ovens are located on a permanent basis and have, as a rule, big sizes. The cost of stationary furnaces is several times higher than their mobile options. Such furnaces are used by large woodworking enterprises that need to be disposed of. wood waste. Coal production in such companies is often additional source income, moreover, allows you to get rid of the remnants of non-marketable wood.

Raw materials for the production of charcoal

Hardwood trees are used as raw materials for the production of charcoal. Wood must comply with regulatory documents in accordance with GOST 24260-80 "Raw materials for pyrolysis and charcoalization". By specifications contained in this normative document raw materials are divided into three groups. The first group includes oak, elm, ash, beech, maple and birch. These tree species are most suitable for pyrolysis and charcoal burning. The second group contains species suitable for pyrolysis - alder, linden, aspen, poplar, willow. As well as conifers - spruce, pine, fir, cedar, larch. And, finally, the third group includes soft-leaved species and other tree species that are least suitable for charcoal burning: aspen, poplar, apple, pear, cherry, plum, acacia and others.

The yield of charcoal by type of wood can be seen in the table below:

In the production of charcoal, not only the type of wood is important, but the size of the raw material. The criteria for the size of raw wood are as follows: thickness from 3 to 18 centimeters, length from 75 to 125 centimeters.

Which OKVED to indicate when registering a business for the production of charcoal

A license for the production of charcoal is not required. The organizational and legal form of business can be both individual entrepreneurship and a company with limited liability. When registering a business in the application, you can indicate the OKVED code 20 "Wood processing and production of wood and cork products, except for furniture."

Which taxation system to choose for the production of charcoal

As a taxation system, the simplified taxation system is most suitable. You can choose two options for paying tax: 6% of revenue ( gross income), or 15% of the profit of the organization. The second option is more profitable if there are high costs for the production of charcoal. Thus, the taxable base will be reduced, and hence the tax will be less.

How much can you earn if you produce charcoal

The average wholesale selling price of charcoal in the regions is 25 rubles/kg. Thus, the potential monthly revenue of an enterprise with a production volume of 40 tons can be 1,000,000 rubles. Naturally, subject to 100% sales of all manufactured products. In reality, one can count on the sale of 60-70% of the entire batch produced, that is, to receive 600-700 thousand rubles of income.

As for the expenses, the main ones should include: rent of a land plot and premises ~ 80 thousand rubles, wage(5 people) and insurance deductions ~ 150 thousand rubles, raw materials (chopped firewood 1500 rubles / m3) ~ 100 thousand rubles, transportation costs ~ 40 thousand rubles, utility bills (electricity, water) ~ 30 thousand rubles, other costs ~ 50 thousand rubles. Total total monthly expenses are about 450 thousand rubles.

Hence the potential profit of the enterprise, net of taxes, is 130 - 170 thousand rubles per month. The payback of the project, with an initial investment of 1.5 - 2.0 million rubles, comes in 12 - 16 months.

Step by step plan to start a charcoal business

Sales market analysis.
Search for wood suppliers, signing supply contracts.
Registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC in the tax service.
Selection of premises for production, with an area of more than 100 square meters. m. An ideal place is a warehouse near the city, near the location of the raw material base.
Purchase and installation of equipment.
Organization of sales of products.
Start of production.

How much money do you need to start

Equipment (charcoal kiln) - 75-100 thousand rubles.
Packing equipment - 50 thousand rubles.
Devices for splitting wood - about 100 thousand rubles.
Chainsaw - 10 thousand rubles.
Scales for weighing coal - 5 thousand rubles.
Electric generator - 20 thousand rubles.
Purchase of raw materials - 200-300 thousand rubles. (depending on the type of wood).
Registration of a business, obtaining permits - 15 thousand rubles.
Other expenses - 20 thousand rubles.

In total, 600 - 700 thousand rubles are needed. You can reduce costs at the initial stages by using used equipment, manually packaging products.

Do I need permission to open

The production of charcoal does not require licensing and certification. The company may be in the line locality, because harmful substances does not highlight.

Business Startup Technology

The technology of activity is to convert wood into coal. Production involves the passage of the pyrolysis process - roasting wood in a special oven without oxygen. The process itself is as follows: wood is fed into the loading chamber and its burning begins. Special sensors indicate the readiness of coal, after which it is unloaded and allowed to cool. Any wood can be used in the production process: waste from forestry, furniture companies, fallen trees.

This business does not require serious investments, education or any special knowledge. His feature is a fast payback period.

As a raw material for the manufacture of coal, waste from enterprises engaged in wood processing and logging is usually used. It can be coniferous or hardwood trees (birch, oak, elm). Depending on the type of wood, finished product categorized as A, B, or C.

Scope of charcoal

In everyday life, this product is used as an environmentally friendly fuel for barbecues, fireplaces and barbecues. In the municipal sector, it is used for filtering drinking water. Small fractions, which are screened out from raw coal, serve as a food additive that enriches the diet of animals.

In industry, charcoal is used in the production of galvanized wire, non-ferrous metals, steel products, and glass. Thus, the consumers of packaged charcoal are:

Metallurgical and chemical industry
Housing and communal industry
Peasant farms
Private individuals

Required equipment

To organize a business for the production of charcoal, you will need the following equipment:

	Name
	Charcoal burning oven PTORS-7G (pyrolysis plant)
	Weight dispenser (packaging of finished products);
	Portable bag sewing machine NewLong NP-7A
	Hydraulic wood splitter "Gorynych 6T"
	Chainsaw and hand tools (axes, cleavers, hacksaws).

The main equipment for the production of charcoal is pyrolysis plant. Currently on the market are various options charcoal kilns, differing in productivity, degree of automation of the process, cost. The change in the price of equipment, based on the level of performance, can be estimated in the following table.

One of the largest suppliers of equipment for the production of charcoal is the production and commercial company BMP, which manufactures furnaces under the brand name "Fire Dragon", this company offers more than 10 modifications of pyrolysis plants, costing from 59,000 rubles and ending with a price of 2.1 million rubles.

Table 1. Comparative analysis cost of charcoal kilns based on productivity

To select the optimal equipment in terms of price and performance ratio, we will analyze the furnaces manufactured by BMP (furnace Fantastika 2/3) and SpetsTopResurs (furnace PTORS7D).

Table 2. Analysis of furnace equipment

As can be seen from the presented table, the pyrolysis furnace "Fantastic 2/3" is optimal in terms of price / performance ratio. In this regard, this stove is very often bought by entrepreneurs starting a charcoal production business.

Feasibility study of the project

For organization small business for the production of charcoal, with a capacity of 12 tons per month, the following investments will be needed:

Charcoal kiln - 199,000 rubles.
Weight dispenser - 137,000 rubles
Manual bag sewing machine - 16,500 rubles.
Wood splitter - 98,000 rubles.
Chainsaw - 38,000 rubles.
Hand tool(axes, cleavers, hacksaws) - 10,000 rubles.
Initial purchase of raw materials - 50,000 rubles.
Registration in the INFS, ordering a print, other expenses - 10,000 rubles.
Total 508 thousand rubles.

Profitability of activities

Subject to 100% load of equipment and work 25 days a month,
charcoal production will be 10 tons.,
Average wholesale price for 1 kg. finished products is 20 rubles, so the monthly revenue will be 200,000 rubles.
Serving staff 3 people (excluding the entrepreneur).
Net profit activities is 25%.
Return on investment 10-12 months.

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