Pergola at their summer cottage: tips on building and designing a structure with your own hands. Graceful do-it-yourself pergola Sizes of pergola elements

If you prefer climbing plants, you cannot do without a beautiful pergola in the garden. In the classical version, the support of such a structure consists of connected cross bars repeating arched sections. To decorate this light building, ampelous cultures and vines are used. Learn how to make a pergola out of wood and metal with your own hands, and try to build such a structure in your country house.

In any garden, you can find a place to place light and elegant garden pergolas, made by yourself. On these beautiful frames climb plants that create protective screens from sun and wind. Outwardly, the pergola resembles an unfinished building - several racks support an uncovered slatted roof. However, nothing else is required: wire is stretched between the racks or trellises are stuffed, along which creeping plants rise, forming green walls.

You can build a pergola as a separate structure, or you can attach it to a building.

Look at the photo - often garden pergolas play the role of a green room in the patio:

Structurally, a pergola is a series of arches, frames or paired pillars placed one after another, tied up with a crate on top, under which there is a place to rest. The most widespread are wooden pergolas for summer cottages - with pillars-supports and a crate made of wood, as well as mixed ones - with metal or brick pillars and a wooden crate. The best building material for a garden is traditionally considered a tree. But with an appropriate layout, pergolas for summer cottages made of metal can also look extremely impressive.

How to build a pergola with your own hands, spending a minimum of effort? The simplest structure can be assembled from two pairs of poles dug vertically into the ground, which are connected from above by longitudinal crossbeams of poles with plank struts. A sparse flooring (also made of poles) is laid across, forming a semblance of a roof frame. For poles, poles with a diameter of 8-15 cm are suitable, for beams - about 8 cm. Synthetic cords or wire can be stretched between the uprights and the ceiling for greater support for climbing plants, which eventually form a beautiful green tent. It should be borne in mind that such a pergola will harmoniously fit into the style of the site, where there are details from poles in the construction of the house and the fence.

Do-it-yourself pergolas located in an open area should be durable, because under the gusts of wind, climbing greenery creates a large load. In this case, beams with a section from 100 x 100 to 150 x 250 mm are usually used for the frame, and thinner moldings are chosen for the filling elements of the roof and trellis. All lumber intended for work must be treated with protective agents against decay.

As you can see in the photo, when building a pergola with your own hands, it is important to observe the proportions:

The most appropriate height is in the range of 220-250 cm. Too low a pergola causes a feeling of tightness and discomfort, however, an overly high design does not look better, although it must be remembered that, intertwined with climbing plants, it seems narrower and lower than it really is.

Support pillars in the manufacture of wooden pergolas for summer cottages are installed in two rows at a distance of 2 m from each other. The distance between the rows is 2-2.5 m, but it can reach 3 m, it all depends on the general proportions of the garden. The dimensions are due to the fact that the appropriate plants are planted near the pillars (grapes, lemongrass, actinidia, clematis, etc.), which then braid the pergola.

How to build a beautiful wooden pergola in the garden with your own hands (with photo)

When making a pergola with your own hands, work begins with cutting grooves in the posts for the crossbars of the trellis, which is made of slats 20 x 36 mm. When the pillars are glued together with crossbars, beams of beams with a section of 65 × 65 mm are attached to the upper ends of the pillars with the help of oak dowels or pins. Runs not only connect the pillars from above, but will also carry the roof. The overhangs of the run over the pillars support curly struts, screwed on with screws.

To build a wooden pergola with your own hands, vertical slats are attached to the crossbars, under which the corresponding grooves are selected in the beam. It is desirable that all intersections of the vertical and horizontal strips of the trellis be fixed with screws, otherwise, under the load of plants and gusts of wind, the strips can loosen and even break. First, a hole should be drilled at the place where the screw is screwed in so that the rail does not burst. Now the assembled supports can be installed in place.

But, as shown in the photo, supports for wooden pergolas in the country must be pre-treated in a special way so that they do not rot in the ground:

Wrapping the underground part of wooden poles with roofing paper or nothing will give - moisture freely passes through the joints of the winding, no matter how many layers are wound. There is an old simple way to protect wooden poles from damage - to tar them, while observing a certain technology. But the use of one of these methods without the assistance of the other does not give good results. The fact is that when charring without resinification, coal strongly absorbs air and moisture from the soil, thereby not only does not protect the internal parts of the tree from decay, but, on the contrary, contributes to decay. In the case of resinification without charring, the resin does not adhere well to the tree and, as a result, will not give any serious protection. It happens completely differently if you combine both of these methods in such a way that first the underground or underwater part of the column is charred, and then, while the coal has not completely cooled down, saturate it with resin. When dried, volatile oils evaporate; hard resin remains, filling all the pores of the outer charred part of the tree,
due to which a cover impervious to air and moisture is obtained, which perfectly protects against decay. As experience has shown, in addition to the underground, the part of the column that is above the ground or above the water, in turn, is subject to the most rapid decay, in order to avoid which it must also be subjected to the specified operation - joint charring and pitching.

This is a great method of building a wooden pergola with your own hands, proven for centuries. Only instead of the resin that our ancestors used, they now use a mixture of molten bitumen with diesel fuel (diesel oil). This mixture is even more effective. For the most refractory (5th) grade of bitumen, more diesel fuel is required, for the least refractory (3rd) - less. The solar-bitumen mixture is used in a hot, molten form, so the temperature of the burnt part of the pillars does not matter. The mixture can also be kerosene-bitumen or gasoline-bitumen, but in the latter case, cold, not melted bitumen is dissolved with gasoline, and the mixture is applied cold. In any case, the coal layer will be saturated through. At the same time, one should not forget that the pole should be charred and pitched to a height of at least 20-25 cm above the ground.

This method can be used when installing wooden support pillars any designs. First, pits are dug and broken brick or stone is poured into their bottom for drainage.

Further, as shown in the photo, when making a wooden pergola with your own hands, a pole processed according to the method described above is installed in a pit, placed vertically along a plumb line and the pit is filled with concrete mortar:

The solution is rammed, and the top is shaped like a cone to rainwater flowed from the pole. It is even better to use special fasteners for installing poles. You can concrete or drive into the ground to a depth of about 60-70 cm trimming metal or asbestos-cement pipes and insert pergola posts into them. If the racks fail, they are easy to replace with others.

For standard section supports, special sleeves are sold that are driven into the ground. During concreting, it is possible to lay anchor fasteners in the foundation column, to which the column is screwed. And if the structure is installed on an already finished one, a U-shaped mount is screwed to the latter with dowels.

Their use for do-it-yourself wooden pergolas in the country house not only simplifies installation, but also allows you to make the poles half a meter shorter. It is only necessary to leave a small distance between the concrete and the end of the column (up to 5 cm) so that the tree does not rot.

Methods for attaching runs to poles can be different. For example, you can pull them from top pillar with two bolts located diagonally. Runs can be made double - in the form of two boards attached to poles on both sides. In any case, the fastening must be strong enough, so a layer of glue will not interfere with such connections.

From above, rafters from bars or even edged boards are attached to the purlins, which usually protrude 150-300 mm beyond the outer edge of the racks. Rafters from a bar square section nailed to the runs with galvanized nails. Further, for do-it-yourself wooden pergolas, grooves are made in the rafters from the boards, which include runs, and the nails are hammered obliquely. A crate is stuffed along the rafters from the same slats that were used for the trellis on supports. If there are not enough rails for the upper crate, it can be omitted. In this case, it is necessary to increase the number of rafters or stretch a wire (cord) between them to create a support for climbing plants that will rise to the roof along the trellises installed between the supporting pillars.

If trellises are not provided for in the pergola design, the poles themselves should be braided. To do this, vertical bars are nailed to the latter, and shingles are stuffed on them or wire is pulled, making it easier for plant stems to stretch upwards.

Do-it-yourself pergola options in the garden are shown in the photo:

There are a lot of options for such pergolas in the country, erected by one's own hands. By changing the materials and shapes of the supports and the roof, you can create any design for the most demanding summer resident. After all, a pergola can be a romantic gazebo, and a summer kitchen, and a car shed, and a decorative path-corridor from the gate to the porch of the house. Around the supporting pillars, you can bring out a plinth made of brick or shell rock and place benches on it; combination of wood, stone and flowering plants looks very nice.

Below you can find a photo and step-by-step instructions for making a pergola with your own hands, adjacent to the house.

Do-it-yourself wooden pergola in the country house, adjacent to the house (with photo)

Very beautiful pergola, arranged above the terrace or porch. In this case, she plays the role of an extension to the house to ennoble it. appearance and create comfort in the area in front of the entrance.

The design of this DIY pergola adjoining the house is very simple. It takes several to build. wooden racks(beams) and boards for rafters and top trim. Part of the pergola is covered with a transparent roof so that bad weather does not take you by surprise.

To build a pergola, you will need the following basic parts:

racks 100 x 100 x 2500 (6 pcs.);
rafters 50 x 150 x 3600 (6 pcs.);
support beam 50 x 150 × 3200 (2 pcs.);
strapping beam 50 x 150 x 3200 (2 pcs.);
wind board 25 x 150 x 3200 (2 pcs.);
jardinière cladding boards 25x150x2200 and 25x 150x300 (6 pcs each);
jardinière bottom board 25 x 150 x 2150 (2 pcs.).

All parts are made of pine or spruce boards and beams.

Look at the photo - in such a pergola for a summer residence, erected by oneself, the support stands are installed on metal thrust bearings:

The latter can be attached to concrete floor or on a foundation block using dowels and capercaillie screws. If the coating is made of wood, then the supports can be installed and fixed directly on the flooring, but even in this case it should be done using metal fasteners. Having fixed with temporary struts, the pillars are installed strictly vertically and fixed in thrust bearings. After fastening, the position of the posts must be checked again and, if necessary, corrected.

The elements of the upper trim of the pergola are made of boards with a section of 50 x 150 mm. The upper ends of the racks are connected to the strapping in half a tree, that is, the end of the support is cut down to half and a strapping board is laid on the formed shoulder. Then the junction of the parts is fixed with clamps and fastened with self-tapping screws.

If the pergola has large linear dimensions, the boards will have to be spliced in length. This can be done, for example, in half a tree (overlay) or with an oblique cut. The place of splicing of two boards should be glued and fixed with screws. The boards to be joined should be cut in such a way that a pole is necessarily located at the splicing point.

After the supports and the wall beam are connected by a continuous strapping, the rafters are laid and fixed on the latter. After attaching the first two rafters to the strapping and supports, the pergola structure becomes more rigid. However, it is better not to remove the temporary struts of the supports until the frame is fully assembled.

Having installed all the rafters, their ends must be cut so that they are on the same line. Then a wind board is nailed to the aligned ends.

As you can see in the photo, it is appropriate to complement a beautiful pergola with a jardinière (flower box) and a decorative lattice as a support for climbing and climbing plants:

The flower box is made from planed boards. When rallying the parts of the box, internal support bars are used. The jardinière is placed between four racks and attached to them with screws, setting it in level.

A decorative lattice for a beautiful pergola in the garden is assembled from slats in the form of a separate module. It is placed above the jardinière and attached directly to the posts with screws.

Part of the roof of the pergola can be covered with a solid transparent canopy. This will create a corner on the terrace, protected from rain, but at the same time accessible to sunlight. Cellular polycarbonate is best suited for these purposes, which is laid on four rafter legs grouped on one side of the pergola.

For the installation of a transparent roof, special profiles should be used, through which polycarbonate sheets are attached and joined. Such profiles consist of two parts. Base profiles are attached to the upper edges of the rafters with self-tapping screws.

It can be made of any design or purchased ready-made in the store. You can do without a lattice at all, driving carnations from the back of the pillars and pulling several rows of wire or nylon cord between them, along which the plants will curl.

Between them, cut sheets of polycarbonate are laid with a protective film removed from the underside and fixed with cover profiles. Before fastening the cover profile, it is necessary to raise the edge of the panel protective film to prevent it from getting stuck in the lid. The places where the polycarbonate roof adjoins the wall and roof of the house are covered with special profiles.

The next section of the article suggests step-by-step instruction on the construction of an openwork pergola with their own hands.

How to make an openwork pergola out of wood for a summer residence with your own hands (with photo)

In this design, the pergola, which protects the terrace or patio from direct sunlight, is combined with gratings for weaving vines. Lattice inserts in support frames are assembled with half-wood joints, frames assembled with gratings are securely fastened to the base, and structural elements are connected by metal plates. Such an openwork corner of the garden in warm weather can be the most pleasant vacation spot for the whole family.

The proposed design of a do-it-yourself pergola in a garden is very simple. It is easy to upgrade, so exact dimensions are not given here.

Forget about a simple frame square and a carpenter's bubble level. In this case, they will not save you.

Instead, to determine the location of the external corners of the pergola, adopt the method of constructing a right-angled triangle with sides in the proportion 3:4:5 using a measuring cord, and transfer the height using a water level.

Work should begin by transferring the project plan to the area. It is necessary to think in advance how to make a pergola of the correct geometric shape and thereby ensure its attractiveness. To achieve this, given the large size of the structure, is more difficult than in the manufacture of a locker, table or house on the playground.

There are three basic requirements for the construction, the accuracy of which determines the quality of any large structure on the site: strict vertical installation of racks, observance of a rectangular ™ base of the structure and horizontality of the ceiling or flat roof. Violation of any of these requirements is immediately evident, and you will be amazed and upset at how much even a small mistake can affect the result of the work.

Pay attention to the photo - this wooden one is made by hand from standard lumber:

The original construction is made of cedar, but this material is quite expensive, it can be replaced with any available wood.

The technology for making an openwork pergola made of wood with your own hands is not complicated, however, it requires a lot of work. The whole structure is mainly assembled on half-tree joints, there are more than 600 of them in total! It is better to mechanize such large-scale work: cut out the joints with a milling cutter or pendulum saw with a groove disk.

The outer frames of the support legs are assembled with a simple tongue-and-groove connection. Their production is perhaps the most painstaking (but not the largest) part of the work. It is necessary to cut out the racks and jumpers of the required length, select grooves in them 20 mm wide and 12 mm deep, and cut spikes at the ends of the jumpers of the frames.

Frames must be assembled after the grating sections have been made. You can choose your own pattern. But in any case, before you start making roof support frames, first make a layout of the lattice section. Since you will need a lot of gratings, put together a template and, laying the planks into it, you will immediately get a pattern pattern that exactly matches the frame opening.

As you can see in the photo, the pergola grilles for giving are made of bars with a section of 20 x 20 mm, connected in half a tree:

Connect the grating strips with glue, and when it hardens, cut the ends of the parts along the opening (taking into account the depth of the grooves). Then you need to fit the gratings to the frames. First, assemble the bottom of the frame by gluing the uprights to the extreme lintel (which has a groove on one side only). Then, from above, insert the gratings into the racks along the grooves, alternating them with jumpers. Reinstall the edge jumper last and glue. If you are not sure about the reliability of the adhesive joint, strengthen it with a self-tapping screw, but in this case, the screw head will have to be slightly drowned and puttied.

Lattices will give additional strength to the entire frame, despite the fact that they are inserted into the grooves of the frames without any fastening. If the pergola is located in an area where it often blows strong wind, you can glue them or additionally fix them with screws.

Cut out the ends of the supporting beams and roof lathing slats with a jigsaw according to cardboard templates.

To assemble the structure, it is better to use polyurethane glue, which is perfect for outdoor work. It is durable, waterproof and accepts stain color well. Until the glue hardens, it can be thinned with acetone. But this glue is difficult to remove from the skin, so always wear protective gloves when working with it, especially when gluing large parts.

Begin assembly with corner frames that form the outer corners of the pergola. The frames are connected with metal corners from above, below and in the middle.

Racks must be firmly attached to the site. Whether they will be attached to a columnar foundation, foundation blocks or terrace covering slabs - it's up to you. To make the frames withstand wind loads, screw them to strong timber pads, which, in turn, are attached to the decking or foundation.

When making a pergola from wood, it is even easier to fix the intermediate supports - here you only need to ensure their stability, but for uniformity and increased strength, it is better to install them in the same way.

Since the frames are initially fixed only from below, each of them must be provided with temporary supports. After placing all the supports on the site, make sure that their upper faces form a single plane. Most pergola areas, patios, and porches slope away from the house to allow rainwater to run off. This slope, as a rule, is insignificant, but it can still affect the geometry of the structure. Since openwork frames are easier to make uniform so that they stand vertically on the floor with a slope, and their upper ends are at the same horizontal height, the slope of the site should be compensated. Depending on the overall design of the terrace, this can be done in two ways - to stuff gaskets to the upper edges of the frames that are lower than the others, or to increase the thickness of the bottom lining at the base of the frame. In addition, it is not always possible to set the frames vertically only due to a slight distortion when mounting in the bracket, and then it will be necessary to make linings of variable height. In the case of a significant slope of the site, it is possible that the frames should be made different heights. To do this, their racks are made of the appropriate size, and the openwork inserts are cut not according to the template, but in accordance with the resulting frame height.

These photos show how to make a pergola in the garden with your own hands:

After all the support frames of the wooden pergola for the cottage, made by hand, finally take their places, they mark the location of the wall beam on the wall and screw it to the wall. Lay a few washers between the timber and the wall, which will provide the gap necessary for air circulation, which, even after rain, will allow the wood to dry quickly.

Now you can do the top trim of the structure. Connect the floor beams to the racks with metal brackets.

Attach the ends of the roof beams directed to the wall of the house to the longitudinal beam. It is best to make these connections also using metal brackets.

After the harness is fully assembled, the temporary supports at the racks can be removed and proceed to the roof sheathing. The lathing slats are simply inserted into the corresponding grooves of the beams and the already installed laths. Again, depending on the strength of the wind in your area, they may need additional bracing.

Finishing any structure on the site is quite important work. This structure is constantly under the influence of atmospheric phenomena, in addition, there are many hard-to-reach corners and cracks in the gratings. If you cover the pergola with paint or non-resistant varnish, the finish will begin to peel off sooner or later, so two finishes can be recommended. You can leave the wood uncoated to "age" naturally. This is interesting option, especially if the entire structure is hidden by foliage. Another option is an oil finish. This coverage can be renewed annually. It does not need to be cleaned off, since the oil does not form a surface film, and scratches, if any, can be easily repaired.

You can also use various finishing compositions- for example, a protective tinting powder, which is dissolved in water and applied to the wood with a spray gun. After wetting the surface, the mixture thanks to chemical reaction creates a uniform gray color.

Pay attention to the photo - in such a beautiful pergola for the garden, the wood becomes like an old, weathered, only more noble shade:

This coating does not require periodic maintenance.

If all the work is done correctly, then, having finished assembling the pergola, you will not be disappointed, and when you plant flowers and climbing plants and after a while they grow, such a pergola will become a favorite vacation spot for you and your family.

How to build a metal pergola for a summer residence (with photo)

Traditional pergolas are most often made of wood, and to ensure their strength, parts of a sufficiently large section are used, which often spoils the appearance of the site, and increases wind loads.

The solution may be to manufacture a structure from metal parts: The proposed metal pergola is welded by hand from reinforcing bars and an iron strip. Structurally, the pergola consists of racks fixed with anchor bolts on concrete bases, and arched trusses. In this case, only one end of each truss rests on a post, and the other end is flanged to the brick wall of the house with dowels and capercaillie screws. The flange is a 4mm steel plate measuring 150x285mm with 10mm holes. The trusses are attached to the posts with brackets bent from a steel strip and bolts with nuts.

To build a metal pergola with your own hands, you will need the following materials:

17 reinforcing bars 16 mm and 6 m long;
28 belts 120 x 120 mm from a strip 4 x 20 mm;
68 rings 0100 mm from a strip of 2 x 20 mm;
30 mm staples from a 3 x 30 mm strip;
8 flanges 150 x 150×4 mm;
2 flanges 285 x 150×4 mm;
4 anchor bolts M16x200mm;
4 nuts M16 with washers;
M6 bolts with nuts;
capercaillie screws 10 x 100 mm.

Each post is welded from four 016 mm reinforcing bars using 120 x 120 mm corbels welded from a steel strip. The lower end of the post has a flange with a 016.5 mm center hole for anchor bolt attachment to concrete base. The upper ends of the racks are expanded.

Conductors in the form of rectangular plates with holes of 016.5 mm, into which the rods of the rack are threaded, will help to weld the pergola racks. The steel belt of the rack is fixed with clamps next to the conductor, and then welded to the reinforcing bars. After welding the next belt, the conductor is moved further to the next connection. Conductors can be cut, for example, from flat slate. You should not use plywood conductors - they will light up very quickly.

Trusses also consist of four bent reinforcing bars connected by rings and spacers by welding. To facilitate the bending of the reinforcing bar along its entire length, in the places where the rings are attached, cuts are made 4 mm deep in increments of 300 mm. The bar is bent in a vise by hand, using a hammer if necessary. Rings 100 mm are bent from a steel strip 20 mm wide.

The sidewall of the pergola truss is welded, focusing on a cardboard template drawn on a 1: 1 scale. The parts are fixed with heavy blanks and clamps, and gaskets made of non-combustible material are placed between the cardboard and the place to be welded. To weld the remaining identical pergola parts, the first welded part can be used as a template.

Having welded two sidewalls of the truss with rings, they are connected with spacers from pieces of reinforcement 200 mm long. After that, the farm will gain proper strength. Where the truss connects to the stud, vertical spacers extend 40mm beyond the truss to connect to the top ends of the stud.

As shown in the photo, for a metal pergola, the prepared structures are cleaned of rust, scale, primed, and then painted before installation:

To check the horizontal position of the trusses fixed on the pergola racks, a long, even bar or metal profile will help, which is placed in the plane of the mounted structure, and a building level is placed on top.

Pergola posts with flanges welded to the base are fixed with M16 concreted anchor bolts and nuts. Farms are fixed on racks with steel brackets and M6 bolts with nuts. The truss is attached to the wall with a wall flange using dowels and capercaillie screws.

Watch the video "Pergola with your own hands" to better imagine how such a building is being built:

You can ennoble and decorate your site with the help of simple buildings in the form of a gazebo, veranda or terrace, adding a barbecue with barbecue to them. And lovers of structures with arches will surely like the original pergola, which will become protection from the scorching sun, a corner for relaxing in the summer. Such garden construction easily created by hand in a matter of days.

In this article you will find step-by-step instructions for the construction of this element of landscape design.

Application of pergolas

A wooden pergola in its classic form is a form of small garden architecture (SGA), which is made to provide shade and supports climbing plants, usually vines. It consists of pillars arranged in two rows. Under them, they make a foundation or install directly into the base of the site. The free space between the supports is filled at the request of the owners. Boards, beams, interconnected act as a roof.

In addition, a do-it-yourself pergola will solve such problems:

Creates an additional place for recreation in the country.
We divide the territory of the garden into zones or connect its individual parts.
Serves as an excellent platform for the growth of climbing plants.
Built according to an interesting, unique project, it becomes a designer highlight of the site.

Having decided on the task that the building will perform, it is necessary to choose the right place for installation so that the pergola has a harmonious look in the overall picture of landscape design.

Location selection

What part of the territory to allocate for development depends on the size, shape and functions of the future structure. The best option will be its placement:

The standard dimensions for manual construction are considered to be 2.5 m long and 1.5 m wide. Of course, this figure may vary based on the needs of the owners.

But, before proceeding with the manufacture of the pergola, it must be remembered that the structure should be placed so that the entrance group of elements runs from north to south. This trick will reduce the intensity sunlight, leaving it at a sufficient level for the normal growth of plants and a comfortable stay inside.

Selection and methods of wood protection

To get the right pergola, you need to choose high quality material and not make a mistake with the amount of material.

Wood is considered the most suitable option for these purposes, since plants grow much faster.

However, the owners of summer cottages use combined solutions to extend the life of the building. For example, pipes made of metal play the role of supports, and part of the pergola for landscaping is made of wood.

Thematic material:

Photo: popular types of wood used in the construction of pergolas

Suitable as the main raw material:

larch,
pine or spruce,
maple.

Instead of supporting pillars, a bar, round logs are suitable. For the upper part of the arch, you can stock up on willow, pine boards.

Remember! The harder the wood species, the longer the life of the structure.

In addition, raw materials must necessarily pass, for, sudden changes in temperature, insects, and fire retardants, for fire safety purposes.

To give an original appearance, tree trunks can be peeled, washed, varnished or painted.

Instructions for making a pergola with your own hands

The key to successful construction is drawing up an accurate design scheme. It should be noted that the pergola should have a separate, and preferably a strip foundation.

Do not neglect proportions. The best option would be if the height of the building is greater than or equal to the width. Otherwise, the appearance of the product will come out ridiculous.

In addition, the drawing should show a general picture of the site so that the pergola is in harmony with the rest of the structures in shape and size. If, however, difficulties arose during the design of the sketch, or the owners decided to make a multi-level building, it is worth seeking help from experienced architects and designers. They will draw up a draft of the future product in the shortest possible time, taking into account all the requirements of the owners.

To create a pergola yourself, you need to prepare available tools and materials:

container for mixing solution,
ruberoid,
shovel,
roulette,
Master OK,
a hammer,
crushed stone, broken brick for bottles;
screws and nails,
cement,
sand,
wooden bars 5x10 cm.

In accordance with the construction manual, the installation of the structure takes place in the following sequence:

The site is leveled and marked.
A trench is dug up to a depth of 30 cm to equip the base wall.
The solution is mixed.
Crushed stone, broken bricks are poured into the trench, compacted.
A wall 40 cm high is laid out. At the same time, one must not forget to make supports from the bars, placing them vertically. Hot bitumen is applied to the edges of the tree, wrapped in roofing material. After drying, the supports are sealed with mortar from the side of the wall.
Pit holes are being dug. The distance from the wall must be at least 1 m, between the supports - no more than 2 m.
The bars are installed according to the drawing, pouring cement mortar below. Preliminary protective equipment is applied to them.
Covers are installed. Bars are laid along the supports, interconnected in the form of the letter T. Across, between them, short bars are inserted.

The installation of elements in the grooves will look most neat. Additional fastening can be nails, screws or self-tapping screws.

If the decoration of the pergola will be climbing plants, it is necessary to make a crate of thin veneer strips on the sides of the structure or fix the mesh, hooks. Then the branches will neatly braid the entire structure.

Video: making an aspen pergola in a few hours

pergola decoration

First of all, in the design of the pergola, the emphasis should be on planting along the perimeter of climbing plants, which will soon become a green curtain from the sun. It will look great:

honeysuckle,
hop,
the Rose,
chinese lemongrass,
bindweed,
wisteria,
actinidia,
clematis,
nasturtiums.

However, it must be remembered that until the flowers take root and reach the desired length, the structure will remain unprotected from the scorching sun. To do this, you can temporarily use textiles in bright colors, and lay plastic curtains on the upper floor.

Inside the pergola, it is worth placing benches and a table or a small sofa for relaxing, and fix the railing on the sides of the building. Such a wooden structure will look harmoniously near a well, fountain or stream.

Prices for pergolas

In the presence of financial resources This product can be purchased from ready-made or order construction on an individual project.

The average cost of a garden pergola made of wood 2–2.5 m high and 1.5 m wide ranges from 18 to 37 thousand rubles. Price for corner structure the same sizes is 35 thousand rubles and more.

Such a wide price range is explained by the size, the choice of wood species, the presence of finishing elements, benches inside the pergola, and the functions it performs.

Therefore, if the owners have a desire to independently realize the author's idea of such a building, you can safely take the recommendations of experienced builders as a basis and proceed with the creation.

A word like "pergola" in Everyday life is extremely rare. Therefore, many people are not even aware of its meaning. Often the building is identified with a standard gazebo, but this is not entirely true. About what this part of the exterior is, as well as how it can transform the atmosphere of your garden - read our article.

When and where exactly pergolas began to be used for the first time is almost impossible to establish. However, it is safe to say that they were used to facilitate the harvest of grapes and protection from the scorching sun. Some time passed, and the aesthetic appeal of such buildings could not but interest people, and in the end, these canopies became separate decorative components of the architectural ensemble of landscape gardening art, which did not necessarily carry a certain functional load. Captivating simplicity of execution, elegance, practicality and functionality have proven the building from the best side not only among landscape designers, but also avid gardeners and gardeners.

Today, the main purpose of wooden and metal structures is to create a plant passage to various areas of the garden. In this case, the pergola can serve as a kind of separator between the garden and the garden or the playground and the recreation area. At the same time, the original purpose of the structure has also not lost its significance, and it is successfully used for growing grapes and creating a darkened corner for outdoor recreation.

In the summer, entwined with climbing vegetation, the coating forms a secluded place with pleasant freshness and shade, and also protects from gusts of wind and dust. In addition, the building can perfectly disguise nondescript utility spaces. Thus, no matter what role the pergola plays, it serves as an excellent decor for the site.

In the production process, the following materials are used individually, or their combinations: wood, metal pipes, stone, polycarbonate, plastic.

The most popular raw material for manufacturing, of course, is wood. Pine, oak, acacia and larch options are best suited - due to their aesthetic and practical characteristics. When decorating the exterior of an aged wooden building, roughly cut boards will organically fit into the general context. It is appropriate to add a canopy of processed beams to modern-type buildings. Wooden parts must be covered with antibacterial agents. In order to protect against decomposition and damage, the surface of the pergola should be covered with a solution of nitro enamel or linotex.

The combined variation of oak beams with columns or on a brick support looks very attractive. Untreated birch logs are ideal for creating a rustic setting.

Varieties of pergola designs

In addition to building materials, pergolas also differ in the type of device:

Awning. This variety is a shelter made of a lattice, a set of flat or voluminous bars. It will protect from the sun's rays, but will not prevent the ingress of raindrops. It can be installed as an adjoining part to another building, or stand apart.

Visor. Such a canopy comes from the southern territories. The device allows you to get a shadow for window openings on the south side of the house or organization of a recreation area.

Screen. It has a vertical shape, serves as a support for climbing plants. Can also be used to separate or combine separate zones Location on.

Corridor. Forms a romantic green tunnel of climbing plants, which are supported, as a rule, by a metal support.

All types of buildings are conditionally divided into two main groups - secluded structures (located separately from other buildings), as well as adjacent to buildings. They are the outer part summer kitchen, saunas or at home.

Pergola can be square, rectangular, triangular, arched and even wavy. The choice will be determined by the personal preferences of the owners and the arrangement of the remaining details of the yard, as well as the size of this building and other buildings.

The arched structure is more whimsical in the production process, and therefore can cost a little more than a rectangular modification. However, its appearance is incredibly graceful and elegant, which eliminates any costs. The openwork of thin lines transforms even the most uncomplicated design, bringing unobtrusive notes of luxury and nobility.

When choosing the type of pergola, it is necessary to determine right size. Too large a structure in a small area will be inharmonious, too high will create small amount shade, and too small may not withstand the load of plants. In any case, everything will depend on the dimensions of the entire site and the scale of other buildings that form landscape composition. The pergola should be in the context of the overall idea, not stand out from it, but on the contrary, complement and decorate.

As in the case of the selection of the device of the structure, the choice of color should be made based on the need for a harmonious ensemble of the entire design. The color of the canopy can share the overall color palette, being its organic continuation, or it can be a separate accent that stands out from the rest of the background, but it must be combined with it and echo.

The bulk of the variations in the execution of any landscape structure made of wood is associated with the use of its attractive natural tone. Indeed, in itself it is beautiful and organic on a natural canvas, especially if other details are executed in a similar way. Of course, wood products still need to be treated with special means in the form of antiseptics and varnishes that protect against decay and dampness.

The performance in white looks incredibly beautiful surrounded by flower beds, lawns and trees. The fresh and clean image of white buildings creates a great festive impression from the entire backyard decoration.

For pergola cladding, you can choose a combination of textures and shades. If the canopy is made using several materials at once, for example, stone and wood or metal and wood, then it is reasonable to dwell on different color solutions for a particular material. Landscape designers prefer to use no more than two colors in this case. For example, white columns can be combined with any shade of wood in the form of beams and battens. Deep metal tones harmonize perfectly with bright woody notes.

Saturated variations of contrasting gray, black, dark brown are able to distinguish the building from the general calm halo. The design looks especially stylish next to garden furniture in the same dark design.

Where should the pergola be placed?

The location for the building depends, first of all, on its purpose. Therefore, first you need to decide what role the pergola will play - it will be an addition for decorative elements, or will be a support for plants or still create a shadow in the likeness of a gazebo or canopy.

One of the most popular location options is a detached structure above the dining and relaxing area. After all, having your own home, it would be a great loss not to have a special place for eating outdoors. Of course, such a building is not able to protect the dining space from heavy rain, but it is quite capable of protecting it from the summer sun.

Any garden will be decorated with a do-it-yourself openwork pergola: step-by-step instructions, photos and diagrams will help you build from available materials different types of small arbors. Romantic buildings, entwined with greenery, were popular among the Russian aristocracy, and in European gardens, and in the East. Protecting people resting in the garden from the sun, they have not lost their significance to this day. Contemporary increasingly includes garden compositions vertical gardening and small architectural forms. One of the options for combining greenery and a small building are various pergolas in the form of arches or arbors with a lattice roof.

Any garden will be decorated with an openwork pergola

When developing drawings of a future building, you need to pay special attention to the compatibility of its style and appearance with common idea garden plot. The size of the pergola should be in harmony with the size of the land plot and other buildings on it. Due to the variety of models presented in the photo, it is easy to choose a variety suitable for the garden.

To highlight the recreation area and create shade during the hot hours of the day, garden pergolas built with their own hands in the form of a canopy adjoining the wall of the house or a free-standing gazebo. arches different size can serve as green tunnels to connect parts of the garden or design entrance groups and recreation areas. A pergola-bench can be considered a special variety, combining the functions of a support for vines, a comfortable bench and a canopy to protect from the sun. You can also install a pergola with a hanging seat.

To highlight the recreation area and create shade in the hot hours of the day, garden pergolas are well suited.

In a landscape designed in the spirit of romantic classics, a light forged structure entwined with ivy or grapes would be appropriate. In this case, it is best to make a wooden pergola for a summer house with your own hands with bars and a roof in the form of a low arch. Gardens in oriental or Japanese style will be decorated with pergola benches and air pavilions with a lattice roof. For them, you can use minimal landscaping. The Mediterranean style will be beautifully complemented by a pergola with an awning, made according to the principle of a canopy against the wall of the house.

Gallery: pergola (25 photos)

Construction for grapes (video)

Start of construction

Light construction does not require laying the foundation, so large-scale concrete work will not have to be done. They will be required only if the pergola in the country house is built with heavy decorative brick walls or the area under it is flooded. To install supports of a large building (about 2.5 m high), concreting of their bases will be required.

When choosing materials for construction, you need to soberly evaluate their properties and your capabilities:

wood is easy to work, but the construction will require precise fitting of parts and is prone to decay;
metal requires skills in working with a welding machine;
plastic allows you to build different structures, but is not particularly durable.

Having defined appropriate place, dimensions and desired material, you can proceed to the development of sketches and construction schemes.

To build a pergola, you will need the following:

shovel;
plumb and level;
crushed stone, sand and cement (if you need to concrete);
corrugated pipe or beam for vertical racks;
board 2x10 cm for a wooden pergola;
decorative lattice;
hacksaw or jigsaw;
Bulgarian, welding machine for a metal gazebo;
fasteners (self-tapping screws, brackets, etc.);
drill with a screwdriver and drills.

For a pergola with an awning roof, you will need a panel of durable fabric of the right size, a string cornice (2 pcs.) And clips for curtains. In addition, you need to take care of paintwork materials to protect wooden and metal structures from moisture.

Pole Mounting Procedure

Before you build a pergola, you need to mark out the selected area of the garden: draw a polygon of the desired size according to the shape of the building. Supports should be placed in the corners and (if necessary) along the sides of the pavilion. Dig holes at least 50 cm deep in the marked places.

The guide for building a pergola in the country consists of the following items:

Install a post in the hole metal pipe or wooden beam. Align it vertically with a plumb line and fix it in the desired position. Fill the hole with large gravel, tamp. When filling, make sure that the post is still, if necessary, level it again. Pour the support with a solution of 3 parts sand and 1 part cement. Install the rest of the supports. After the concrete has dried (7-10 days), continue work.
Cut boards or metal for beams in such a way that each part is 50-80 cm longer than the distance between the supports. This will allow you to make beautiful roof extensions that are noticeable in any photo. Details should be 4 pcs. Attach the support beams with self-tapping screws or welding in pairs on both sides of the supports at the opposite ends of the pavilion.
Measure and cut roof boards. To form extensions, 50-80 cm must be added to the length of the pergola. Measure the desired length of the roof extension from the end of the part and make a notch with a width equal to the thickness of the beam. Cut a second groove at a distance equal to the thickness of the support bar. Make the same paired cutouts on the other end of the board. This will allow you to assemble the roof by putting grooves on the beams and connecting them with self-tapping screws for reliability. Ends can be curly cut. The step between the roofing boards is 25-30 cm.
For metal roofing elements, simply cut pieces to the desired length. Connection with beams - welded.
For the strength of the building, you need to install a few more crossbeams perpendicular to the roofing boards. In these parts, you need to make grooves in increments of 25-30 cm along the entire length. Lay them on top of the roof in increments of about 1 m, secure with self-tapping screws.
If you need a pergola for climbing plants, then a lattice for vines or clematis, made by hand from thin slats, can be installed between the supports.

By the same principles, a pergola with a bench is also assembled. An additional step would be to install beams at the bottom of the building for mounting a seat with a back and assemble them.

When making a pergola with an awning, you only need to dig in 2 supports at the right distance from the wall. Attach at home horizontal bar supporting the beams. Installation of the roof consists in stretching the eaves-strings with clamps. Strengthen the fabric canopy from opposite sides to the clamps, placing them with a uniform step. This will allow the awning to be moved when not needed.

The pergola is easy to install on a country site and provide a comfortable stay. To do this, you need to choose a design model, materials for manufacturing and master the technology of building a pergola.

Pergola and its purpose

A pergola is often installed in a garden or just in a suburban area. This structure is a kind of gazebo, consisting of upper floors and supporting pillars. The roof can be horizontal or slightly sloping, and the walls are often presented in the form of a grid or figured lattice.

Pergola made of wood - eco-friendly and beautiful option designs

The design of the pergola is quite simple, it is multifunctional. The construction of a pergola is often carried out for the following purposes:

organization of a place for recreation;
addition to landscape design;
zoning of the site space;
camouflage of technical or utility buildings;
addition to the design of the house;
support for climbing plants.

Functionality and simplicity of design make the pergola a versatile, practical and convenient solution for suburban area. From a wide variety of building options, you can choose the best one depending on the area of \u200b\u200bthe site, design style and other factors.

Advantages and disadvantages of the design

A simple version of a pergola consists of supporting pillars and a roof in the form of a lattice. There are various variations, but the gazebo most often does not have walls and is a kind of canopy. The role of the walls can be performed by lattice supports along which plants climb. In this case, the pergola is more closed than the option with simple supporting pillars.

Pergola can perform various functions

The general structure of the structure is simple, and the appearance, design of the pergola is created using decorative elements, details beautiful shape. The material from which the structure is made has a significant impact on the appearance of the gazebo. For this, metal or wood is often used. The first option serves as the basis for creating graceful wrought iron pergolas. The advantages of metal structures are expressed in the following:

reliability, durability;
graceful form of the structure, decoration with forged twisted patterns;
the possibility of staining in any color.

Metal gazebos also have disadvantages. One of these qualities is expressed in the complexity of self-construction of structures. It is impossible to build a forged pergola on your own, and a simpler version requires complex actions, for example, welding of metal elements.

Forged pergolas effectively perform the function of a gazebo

A simpler and more convenient pergola made of wood. Construction from such material does not require special knowledge and tools, and positive traits are expressed as follows:

environmental friendliness and pleasant structure of the material;
easy processing, simple installation;
the possibility of creating original designs;
resistance to climatic factors.

Wood is comfortable to use, but requires careful processing, which involves the use of antiseptic agents to prevent decay. In harsh climates with changeable weather, it is not recommended to install pergolas made of wood or they should be dismantled for the winter. This is due to the fact that the material is subject to cracks, deformation.

The choice of a certain material depends on financial possibilities, personal preferences, properties of materials. If you need a design that is practical and does not require special care, then metal is the best solution.

Photo gallery: options for pergolas from different materials

Massive pillars emphasize the graceful roof of the pergola The design with stone pillars looks spectacular and is suitable for a spacious area. Cozy pergola - a good corner to relax Pergola serves as a great place to relax for a company or family A cozy gazebo decorates the garden Forged metal pergolas perfectly complement the landscape design A long pergola makes the site cozy

Preparing for construction

You can build a simple pergola on the site with your own hands, but this requires certain preparatory work. This allows you to make not only a beautiful and comfortable, but also a durable gazebo, taking into account all the features of the site.

A place for a gazebo can be laid out with stone or paving slabs

One of the important points of construction is the determination of the place for the installation of the structure. First, you should choose the image of the pergola, which corresponds to personal preferences, landscape design and other site features. If the gazebo serves as a support for plants, then you need to provide enough space for them to grow. There are the following types of structures:

the screen is a semi-closed structure that serves as a corner for privacy, a relaxing holiday;
the tunnel looks like many arches forming a "green corridor". The option is appropriate for decorating the path leading to the house;
an awning or canopy does not protect from the wind, as it is a roof on supporting pillars;
the visor has two supporting pillars on one side, and on the other, it is attached to the wall of the house above the door, window.

pergola material

The construction of the gazebo-canopy can be carried out from two materials: metal and wood. For simple and light buildings, wood is often used, which is more convenient to work with than metal. Custom-made forged pergolas look more impressive than wooden structures. Thus, when choosing a material, you need to take into account the advantages, properties, features of using the structure with your own hands.

Wood is easy to process and create practical designs

To carry out the choice of material, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the technologies for building gazebos made of metal and wood. This will allow you to determine all the features of the use of materials. Of particular importance is the quality of the structures for the construction of the pergola. Wood should not have signs of decay, deformation and cracks. You can use any type of wood, but larch and oak are the most durable. For a metal structure, profile pipes of different sizes are used. Wood and metal must be coated with antiseptic and anti-corrosion agents, respectively.

Construction tools

Mounting a pergola made of wood or metal requires a certain set of tools. To work with wood, you will need tools such as an ax, a hammer and a saw. Nails are used to fasten the elements, and self-tapping screws and a screwdriver will provide a secure fixation. You can check the evenness of the structure with a building level, a tape measure is also necessary for work.

To make a wooden pergola, simple carpentry tools are needed.

Making a forged pergola with your own hands is very difficult or even impossible in the absence of certain skills and equipment. Therefore, a metal structure is often a complex of shaped pipes welded together. To work, you will need a welding machine, as well as a building level and a tape measure, chalk or a marker for marks.

Drawings of structures made of wood and metal

It is quite simple to make a pergola-canopy from wood, which is installed in the place designated for the gazebo. Previously, the site can be laid out with paving slabs, which will make the area more comfortable. The drawing of the pergola-canopy is simple, but it is important to take into account all the features of fastening the elements.

On the drawing, the dimensions of all the main parts are marked.

Drawing of metal structures simple type easy to do by yourself. At the same time, the mounting option for all elements, the angle of their fixation, and the dimensions of the parts are taken into account.

A metal gazebo of simple design does not require an extremely precise drawing

In the absence of skills in drawing up drawings, you can take a ready-made scheme as a basis, supplementing or excluding any structural elements. The dimensions of the gazebo are selected individually depending on the area of the site, the purpose and type of pergola.

Wooden pergola construction

For construction wooden structure you will need carpentry tools, an antiseptic to protect wood, a drawing and high-quality material. During the construction of supporting pillars, a bar with a section of 150x150 mm is used, and boards of 50x150 mm are suitable for transverse beams. The crossbars are made of boards 50x100 mm. The elements are fastened with self-tapping screws 150 mm and 75 mm long.

For the screen, you can use boards with the same parameters as for the canopy

The creation of a wooden or metal pergola involves concreting the supporting pillars. To do this, you will need a garden drill, a container for mixing cement mortar. The complex of works is as follows:

At the site of the future construction, the outline of the structure is marked using a rope and pegs. At the same time, the exact location of the corners is noted, setting pegs in place of the pillars.
The distance between the posts is selected individually, for example, about 1.5 m
In place of future pillars, pits are dug about 70 cm deep, and the diameter of the recesses should be 10 cm larger than the diameter of the pillars. Gravel is poured at the bottom with a layer of 5-10 cm, and then formwork is placed from asbestos pipes or rolled roofing material. The building level checks the evenness of the formwork, and then the forms are poured with concrete, installing adjustable anchors for the subsequent installation of pillars.
All posts must be on the same level.
The concrete dries for several days, but for now, a pergola is made from a bar. For supports, parts with a section of 100x100 or 150x150 mm are used. They are sawn off according to the required height of the structure. After the concrete has dried, the racks are mounted on the anchor with special screws, which are called "grouse".
The area under the gazebo should be laid out with paving slabs
Roof support beams are made of boards 50x150 mm. Their length should be 60 cm more than the width of the pergola, since the beams protrude about 30 cm on each side. The ends of the elements can be shaped with a jigsaw.
Beams can be shaped at the ends
Beams are fixed with screws or bolts and using building level check the alignment of the installation.
Beams are fixed with bolts
Cross beams are made of boards 50x150 mm. The number of such elements is determined depending on the fact that the distance between them should be 30 cm. Grooves about 3–4 cm deep are cut out on the lower part of the crossbars.
The grooves must be accurate, because the ease of installation of the beams depends on this.
The crossbars are fixed with self-tapping screws 150 mm long. Thus, these elements are placed throughout the roof of the pergola.
Identical crossbars are attached throughout the roof of the gazebo
In the next row, the crossbars are mounted in increments of 60 cm. Grooves are made in the elements, and during installation they are additionally fixed with self-tapping screws. The final stage of work involves painting, designing the structure.
The crossbars for the last row are made in the same way as for the first

Video: building a covered wooden pergola

Step-by-step construction of a metal pergola

Manufacturing metal structure involves the use of profile pipes with a cross section of 25x50 mm. The height and width of the future design are selected individually. For example, the top trim may consist of pipes 3 mm long, which need 4 pieces. The base supports are made of pipes 3 m long, and 2 pieces are needed at each corner. The roof canopy is made of several elements. The first square has parameters of 2.12 m, the second - 1.5 m, and the third - 1.06 m. The jumpers between the main frame and the largest square have a length of 1.06 m.

For convenience, in the diagram, each element is indicated by a certain color.

During the construction of a metal pergola, it is necessary to strengthen the supports, concreting. This process is carried out according to the same technology as for a wooden pergola. And also all metal parts that go deep into the ground must be treated with an anti-corrosion compound. The next steps are as follows:

According to the scheme, a pergola canopy is assembled from 4 squares, which must fit into each other. All elements are fastened by welding, the pipes are cut with a grinder at 45 ° and welded.
First make squares of pipes, and then assemble the canopy completely
A short corner is welded to the two support pipes from below, and then the supports are concreted at their locations. Before concreting, sand is poured into the bottom of the recesses with a layer of 5 cm. The evenness of the supports is checked with a plumb line, all pillars must be located at the same level.
Two pipes are placed in the corners
Next mount roof structure. To do this, the welded squares must be lifted and laid on poles, alternately welding each side. At the corners, lintels are additionally fixed by welding, which enhance the reliability of the structure. After that, you can paint, decorate the pergola with climbing plants.
Lintels increase the strength of the pergola

Video: 45° pipe cutting method

Finishing and operation of the pergola

After assembly, the gazebo can be painted with products that are suitable for outdoor work and the selected type of material. It is best to use paints that have anti-corrosion or antiseptic components in their composition. This allows you to protect the structure from rust, destruction.

It is best to paint a wooden pergola in natural shades of wood using wood stain.

Damaged wooden structural elements must be replaced with new ones in a timely manner. Metal structures are more reliable, but poorly welded seams can crack and such consequences must be eliminated. If the pergola is used as a support for plants, then the bushes should be placed at a small distance from the walls, taking into account the rules for growing climbing greens.

You can make a metal or wooden pergola with your own hands quickly and without professional skills. The key to the durability of the structure is the development of work technology and the quality of materials.

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