Installation of air curtains. Types and connection of air curtains

The most basic purpose of the thermal curtain is to prevent cold, frosty air from entering the heated room during entry and exit, opening the door. In addition, such a curtain is able to protect the room in which the air conditioning system operates in order to lower the air temperature during a hot period of time.

In fact, thermal curtains are special equipment that is endowed with enough simple principle actions. During operation, air enters a special channel, which performs suction, and then blows out at a sufficiently high speed. As a rule, thermal curtains are able to serve rooms where the height of the doorway does not exceed 3.5 meters. Some models may be equipped with additional heating elements. As for the effectiveness of such devices, everything here depends on the quality of the equipment, as well as on well-executed installation work.

Hardware installation process

Usually, the installation of a thermal curtain is carried out in rooms that are characterized by high traffic, when, in the process of fairly frequent opening of doors, flows of street air masses immediately enter the room, causing discomfort and drafts that are detrimental to health.

It is recommended to leave the installation process of the air curtain to professionals. Only qualified installers are able to correctly install and connect the device. As a rule, the company that sells such equipment also offers installation services. Before installation, qualified specialists without fail check the devices for integrity, and there must also be full compliance with the configuration. Typically, the kit includes elements such as brackets, which make it possible to direct air flows in a certain way. Installation can currently be done in two ways - horizontal and vertical installation.

Horizontal air curtain installation

Most popular on this moment is a horizontal installation of the air curtain. This is based on the fact that the equipment is mounted above a door or window opening. In this case, the curtain should be selected solely taking into account that everything fully corresponds to a certain width of the opening, it is also allowed if the width slightly exceeds this indicator.

As a rule, certain mounting height parameters are provided for all models, therefore, in order to ensure maximum performance, the device simply needs to be positioned in such a way that there is full compliance established rules. Horizontal method ideal in a situation where the door opens into the room, in which case the equipment will protect the room from the ingress of air from the street.

Vertical installation of the air curtain

If the doorway in the room is very high, then the horizontal installation will not be able to properly provide air flow along the entire length. It is for this reason that it is most expedient to use the method of vertical installation of the curtain. In this case, the equipment is mounted on the side of the opening, the only way to ensure a continuous air flow across the door or window, while not letting in drafts at floor level.

Horizontal and vertical models practically do not differ in their principle of operation, but their installation must be carried out strictly in accordance with their intended purpose. For example, if you connect a thermal horizontal curtain vertically, after some time some problems may appear, up to the breakdown of the entire system as a whole.

The process of connecting the thermal curtain

As a rule, the air curtain is sold with a flexible cable, and there is also a plug, which is equipped with grounding. If a stationary connection is made, that is, without a plug, then it is worth doing this process through a central switch with a gap from the air, with a parameter of more than 3 mm. The connection of such a curtain must be carried out by an electrician who has a high professional level and is able to comply with all mandatory regulations.

During the installation process, wires of a special type are used. At the point where the cable enters the equipment, special sealing rings are used, which are designed to provide high-quality protection.

Thermal curtain features

Before connecting the air curtain, it is worthwhile to qualitatively balance the working process of the ventilation system in the room, since different pressure drops can have some effect on the operation of this equipment.

It is worth installing thermal curtains as close as possible to the openings, and at the same time, carefully consider that the flow width must necessarily fully correspond to the size of the doorway.

Also, specialists must mount the equipment strictly in accordance with inside premises. With external installation is made only for the purpose of protection against overheating freezer. The speed of movement and direction is regulated during the installation process, and it should be directed towards the exit to the street.

The main stages of installation of a thermal curtain

The process of installing a thermal curtain consists of several main stages. To begin with, it is worth drilling special holes that will be required to mount the equipment. The equipment is mounted on special mounting brackets, observing the distance, which is on average equal to 600 mm. Such brackets are attached to the surface of the walls in the lower and upper positions.

The air curtain must be positioned in such a way that its mounting screws fit exactly into the grooves of the brackets. After checking that the screws are in the correct position, they are carefully tightened. Such a curtain can be mounted on a suspension, but for this purpose a certain position of the mounting fasteners will be required. If the air curtain is installed on special ceilings, the holes are made in the panel. As for the installation method, it is chosen strictly depending on the type of curtain purchased, as well as on the characteristics of the room.

In the process of installing such equipment for a curtain, it is worth paying special attention to the special direction of air flow, as well as the speed of their movement. The curtain must be installed so that the incoming and outgoing air flows do not create obstacles for each other.

The specialists who carry out the installation processes carefully study the technical papers on the equipment, and also get acquainted with all the attached instructions provided by the manufacturer. As for the installation features, they can be completely different, and this factor must be taken into account without fail. Almost all modern thermal curtains can be installed exclusively in a horizontal position, while air is blown strictly from below. In a situation where it is necessary to install a thermal curtain over an opening that is wide enough, you can place several devices at the same time, but close to each other.

Such equipment as a thermal curtain does not allow cold air from the street to penetrate into the room. Not only the efficiency of its work, but also the operating time directly depends on how well the installation will be carried out. If you choose the equipment correctly, as well as correctly install it, the air curtain long time will create comfort and coziness in the room.

Thermal curtains have long been used to regulate the microclimate by protecting and distributing temperature zones in rooms. for various purposes. The principle of operation of this equipment provides the possibility of combining such operational qualities like energy saving, performance and functionality. That is, at low cost a standard air curtain can perform part of the functions of an air conditioning unit and a heating system. It remains only to correctly install the unit and subsequently properly maintain it.

Selecting a location for installation

Curtains are mounted only indoors. The specific placement will depend on several parameters, the main of which is the zoning of the serviced site with its delimitation by temperature areas. As a rule, installation is carried out at the entrances and openings, where air flows with different microclimatic characteristics collide. At the same time, air curtains are prohibited in rooms where flammable substances are located, in vehicles, mines and automated production facilities. If the room meets the requirements of the installation, you can proceed to the selection and determination of the optimal configuration for the installation of equipment.

Horizontal and vertical placement

Regardless of the installation point, the direction of air flow should not be obstructed by third-party objects, structures and communications. Also, the unit should not be affected by other climate equipment, even if it is located at a distance. However, a cascade arrangement of several pieces of equipment is allowed. Installation can be carried out horizontally and vertically. As a rule, installation is made horizontally. This is a typical and most common equipment layout, but it also provides for a shutter speed of 15-20 cm directly from the boundaries of the opening.

For vertical installation, please note that the air outlet direction should be as close as possible to the opening. In turn, the exit nozzle section is oriented to the level of the upper border of the door frame. In both installation configurations, about 25 cm of viewing space must remain, which will allow the air curtain to be serviced. The vertical installation itself is advantageous in that it allows easier access to the structure. Typically, such installation is carried out on the sides of the opening, allowing the location of two units that provide a balanced regulation of the microclimate.

Equipment installation

Most models are guided by the installation either to the right of the opening, or in the upper part - a horizontal placement method. Installation is carried out using self-tapping screws.

If a water thermal curtain is used, then first unscrew the hardware on which the front cover of the case is attached. At this stage, it is necessary to remove the water heat exchanger for further installation of the curtain box.

Then the technical window for spigot integration opens. In some systems, this requires cutting the factory jumpers. The housing is mounted on a prepared place, and then the heat exchanger is reinstalled in the appropriate niche. A typical installation does not require prior disassembly to prepare communications. Such systems can be mounted immediately at their destination using self-tapping screws, brackets, and profiles - the specific type of fastener depends on the design parameters of the equipment. In any case, the kit will contain necessary fittings for fastening.

Connecting equipment

The system is entered into the communication infrastructure by means of branch pipes or electrical communications - depending on whether water or electrical principle work is provided. In the case of a water system, plumbing fittings are connected through fittings, adapters, hoses and are regulated by a shut-off valve.

In some models, with the help of auxiliary devices, it is possible to expand the functionality of the air curtain. The water structure, for example, may include. If it is absent, then a water filter is mandatory. Electrical systems connected to the network using circuit breakers. This device should completely remove voltage from the device. Installation wiring is organized using a three-core cable with a cross section of 1 sq. mm. The conductor must be made of copper. Additionally, fuses and other means of electrical protection are introduced into the system, which should be selected based on the characteristics of the local power supply.

System management

Usually air curtains are equipped with panels with hardware or touch control and remote controls, through which you can also adjust the operating mode of the equipment. Typically, devices have several modes of operation, providing for different throughput. The main controlled element of the system is the fan - through the panel or remote control, for example, you can set the optimal speed of its rotation.

If a thermal curtain is being installed on a water coolant, then the possibilities of regulation should be calculated in advance, since they are provided by structural elements. In particular, the use of the remote control will be possible only if it is optionally included in the infrastructure mixing unit, valve and thermostat.

Maintenance

During operation, ventilation systems are subject to contamination. Therefore, the structure should be periodically disassembled within the limits of the permissible instructions and the internal and external surfaces should be cleaned. Particular attention is paid to water models. Such curtains are sensitive to mechanical impact on the coolant circulation circuits, due to which there is a risk of leakage. Checking the integrity of water communications is the main task of maintaining such systems. Also, the air-thermal curtain has its own characteristics of content. In the operation of such systems, attention should be paid to electrical safety, eliminating the risks of overloads and short circuits in the wiring.

Trouble-shooting

Often there are problems with fan installations. If this functionality does not work, then you should check the wiring, the presence of voltage in the network, the motor of the fan itself and the correct operation of the control devices. By the way, in order to protect the system from such situations, it is important to install a thermal curtain with reliable insulation of the supply cable.

Standard insulation may not be enough, so it will not be superfluous to immerse the wire in a protective corrugated pipe. And also, if a leak appears in the water system, then the plumbing infrastructure is checked with the subsequent restoration of its tightness. Most of the problems arise precisely because of violations in the communication channels.

Safety precautions

During the operation of the curtain, it is necessary to adhere to the following rules security:

It is impossible to eliminate the leakage of the coolant on your own if the line is currently operating under pressure.
It is impossible to carry out repair measures until the electrical infrastructure is de-energized.
Regardless of the principle of operation of the equipment, the installation of a thermal curtain must be carried out with disconnected communications.
In conditions of reduced negative temperature coolant must be completely drained.

Conclusion

The quality of the air curtain will depend not only on compliance with the rules of installation work, but also on how correctly the choice of a particular model was made. When buying a device, temperature limits, the number of people passing through the opening, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, etc. are taken into account.

As for manufacturers, preference should be given to Ballu and Dantex models - these are specialized manufacturers of climate systems. In the domestic segment, the KEV thermal curtain from the Teplomash enterprise deserves attention. Reviews about it note high performance, flexibility of settings and affordable cost. By the way, the KEV-6P3231E modification, average in terms of characteristics, is estimated at 18 thousand rubles. Models from more famous brands like Ballu can cost 20-30 thousand rubles.

A thermal curtain is a climate equipment, which is a kind of space heating. The device, design, characteristics of such devices are different, but all devices have a single principle of operation. The process of connecting and selecting a thermal curtain requires special attention because safe and efficient operation depends on it.

The device and purpose of the thermal curtain

To regulate the microclimate, a device such as a thermal curtain is often used. This equipment is a powerful fan heater, which is located in metal case, often having a rectangular elongated shape.

The thermal curtain is installed above the front door and does not spoil the interior

The design of the equipment contains the following elements:

air duct through which warm air masses are conducted;
heating elements in electric models - heating element, and in water models - pipes;
radial fans or a turbine has parameters depending on the length of the thermal curtain;
filters clean the incoming air from dust and debris;
the body has perforated walls for the inflow and outflow of air flows;
Control buttons are located on the side panel of the device.

The device is easily mounted on the wall and provides a flow of warm air

The thermal curtain is designed to regulate the microclimate and distribute temperature zones in different rooms. Often the equipment is installed above the entrance from inside the room, which allows you to protect the space from cold streams and provide comfortable temperature. This solution is optimal for a private house, shop, shopping centers and any other buildings where the front door is often opened and cold air enters through it. At the same time, safety requirements prohibit the installation of air curtains in rooms with flammable materials, in transport, mines, automated production facilities.

Operating principle

The simple principle of operation of the air curtain is ensured thanks to the well-thought-out design of the device. A powerful fan draws in air from outside, after which the masses pass through the filter and are cleaned of dust. Further, the air moves through the area of the electric heated coil, the temperature of the flow rises and it enters the room through the nozzles. The direction of the jet can be vertical or horizontal.

The air entering the room is cleaned of dirt, heated and enters the room

The distribution and amplification of the flow of warm air is due to the fan. The power and speed of the equipment may be different, and functional models have buttons and switches that allow you to configure the operation parameters.

Thermal curtain options

The range of thermal curtains includes several types of devices that differ in design and appearance, location. Electric models are in demand and practical in operation, but consume a large number of electricity to heat the air. The heating element in such devices is an electric spiral.

Electric models are easy to use but not economical

There is also a water type in which there is a heater. This element is resistant to low temperatures which ensures the reliability of the equipment. The device is connected to the central hot water supply, as a result of which the installation and construction cost are higher than that of electric options.

Water models are difficult to install and have a high cost.

These options are the main and most popular for providing heat at the entrance to the room. The dimensions and power of the devices are presented in various options, which allows you to choose the optimal equipment depending on the parameters of the opening, the air temperature outside and the desired level of heating inside the room.

Video: features of choosing a thermal curtain

Preparing to install tools and materials

Before installing the device, it must be taken into account that the air curtain must correspond to the width (if placed horizontally above the door) or the height of the opening (if installed vertically on the sides of the opening). To do this, you need to select equipment of the appropriate length or install several devices in a row. The easiest installation electric model, and for work you will need the following materials and tools:

screwdriver, screws, pencil;
building level, tape measure, perforator;
fittings for fastening, included in the set of thermal curtains;
for mounting on the ceiling, a pendulum suspension is required;
if several devices are fastened in one line, then a connecting kit is needed;
M10 bolts, nuts and screws, consoles.

Pendulum pendants are required for ceiling mounting.

When purchasing brackets or hangers for fixing, you need to take into account the weight of the equipment. Such parts may be included with the device, but you can pick them up separately.

Options for placing thermal curtains

For openings less than 1.5 m wide, horizontal placement is optimal, which involves mounting the device above the entrance to the room. In this case, the curtain can be installed on the ceiling or above the door. Thus, the device can be fixed close to the wall or suspended. There are other options for placing the curtain, each of which has certain features.

The curtain must be equal to the width or height of the opening

Horizontal mount

Horizontal fixation can be carried out on the ceiling or on the wall above the opening, as mentioned above. The second option is most in demand, as it allows you to more effectively prevent cold air from entering the room than when installed on the ceiling. In this case, the air flow will be directed from top to bottom.

Horizontal mount well protects from the cold

For installation, perform the following basic steps:

Unpacking equipment, checking the quantity and type of fasteners.
About 10 - 15 cm recede from the upper edge of the opening, draw the bottom line with a pencil, on which the body should be located.
At a distance equal to the length of the body, the attachment points of the brackets are marked, holes are made there.
The brackets are screwed with bolts and nuts to the body, and then the entire system is fixed to the wall.
The equipment is connected to the power grid, check the performance.

Detailed instructions considering individual characteristics device, supplied with a thermal curtain. Therefore, before installation, you should study the instructions from the manufacturer.

Vertical installation of a thermal curtain

Placing devices on the sides of the opening to its full height is a vertical method of installing thermal curtains. This technology is optimal if the horizontal method does not allow covering the entire area of the opening with a warm air flow, as well as with an entrance width of more than 2 m.

For vertical placement, large quantity devices than for horizontal

Installation is carried out according to the instructions, but the main stages of work are expressed as follows:

From the edge of the opening, you need to retreat about 10 cm and mark the fixation points of the brackets.
Fasteners are installed in the prepared holes and on the body.
If necessary, connect several cases with special elements.
Check the functionality of the equipment.

Installation of elements vertically is carried out according to the same technology as horizontally. In this case, the cases are fixed on both sides of the opening, which will ensure good protection by cold.

Connection Features

Modern equipment has a flexible cable and a plug that provides connection to the mains through a socket. If a stationary installation is carried out, then it is possible to connect the air curtain through a central type switch, which has an air gap and a parameter of 3 mm. This connection option is always carried out by an electrician.

Installation can be done independently, but the connection is carried out by the master

Wiring diagram thermal equipment to the central switch is developed individually. It is simple to connect one device, and for this, two wires from the air curtain are connected to the corresponding network cables, taking into account the location of the “zero” and “phase” wires. For safety, an RCD block is added to the chain, capable of shutting down the system in an emergency. The housing and all power parts must be grounded.

Video: Ballu air curtain review

Connecting air curtains from different manufacturers

Most famous manufacturers climatic equipment are firms "Teplomash" and Ballu. Each manufacturer in the kit for the equipment provides detailed instructions for connection and installation, but the main features can be considered separately.

Features of connecting and operating Ballu equipment are expressed as follows:

connection to the mains is carried out through a circuit breaker;
when installing fixed wiring, use a three-core cable with a minimum cross section of 1 mm 2 along a copper conductor. The electrical network to which the air curtain will be connected must ensure the protection of the product from overloads and short circuit currents;
To install the remote control, unscrew the screw, remove the top cover and panel of the remote control, fix the remote control on the wall, install the panel and top cover.

Teplomash devices have simple design and affordable

The device of Teplomash firm assumes control of veils from the portable or remote control. Degree of protection of a cover of the control panel - IP20. When controlling the air curtain from the remote control, it is necessary to observe the distance to the infrared receiver on the remote control up to 6 m and the angle up to 60°. The air curtains are connected to the network through an automatic switch and a residual current device (RCD). RCD actuation current - 100 mA. The air curtains are powered by a three-phase electrical network with voltage 380 V/50 Hz. The control panel involves connecting the control cable 7x0.5 mm using the " concealed wiring". If it is necessary to bring the cable with “external wiring”, then it is necessary to make a recess of 50x10mm in the wall at the point where the wire exits from the console case.

Selection, installation and connection of thermal curtains different manufacturers suggest following general rules, including taking into account the required functionality and device parameters. Faithful further exploitation ensure the safety of technology.

A thermal curtain is a fairly powerful fan heater designed to prevent air, dust, insects from entering the room from the outside and prevent air masses from escaping outside the room. In order for the fan heater to qualitatively perform the functions assigned to it, competent calculation is required, correct installation and device connection.

How to properly install a thermal curtain and will be discussed in this publication.

Features of choice

The correct choice of a heat curtain is based on the following parameters:

Device installation method.
Dimensions.
Installation performance.

In addition, it is worth paying attention to the heating power and the air flow rate created by the fan heater.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2W-ALBVVpk

Installation method

All are divided into two groups according to the method of installation: horizontal and vertical. There is also a small third group of such fan heaters with a universal mounting option.

The simplest and therefore the most common group of thermal curtains are installations horizontal arrangement. If the height of the opening is more than 3.5 m and there is a high probability of intensive door opening, then in such cases, experts recommend installing one horizontal and additionally vertical curtain. In particular difficult cases installation of horizontal heat curtains in several levels is allowed.

If, for reasons of low ceiling or complex wall geometry, horizontal installation of the fan heater is not possible, vertical installations should be chosen.

Dimensions of horizontal air curtains

Length standard settings varies from 60 cm to 2 m. Such devices must be placed at the top of the door or window opening. For maximum efficiency, you should choose a device exactly the width of the opening or slightly wider than it.

If the length of the opening is more than 2 m, then the best option will use several devices located at the top of the opening. It is necessary to install devices as close to each other as possible so that there are no “gaps” in the air flow.

The choice of device based on the speed of the air flow

The air speed generated by the air curtain is written in technical documentation to the device. When choosing, it should be taken into account that the air flow rate is written only at the outlet of the unit, therefore, when it rises to the height of the opening, the speed will drop.

It has been experimentally proven that the most effective work air curtains when the air speed near the floor varies within 2.5 m/s. – 3.5 m/sec. Below is a diagram of the dependence of air speed on the diameter of the rotor.

Calculation of the performance of heat curtains

To choose the right air curtain performance, use the hint: effective protection opening, 1 m long and 2.5 m high, you should purchase an installation with a capacity of 1000 -1200 m 3. Under such conditions, the air flow rate at the outlet of the device will be within 8-10m/s, and at the floor - 2.5-3.5m/s.

You can use the formula for calculating the required airflow rate.

L pr = V * H * AT

where:
H- opening height;
AT- opening width;
V is the speed of the air masses.

After receiving desired value, it is necessary to calculate the required air velocity generated by the device to protect the opening from the penetration of air masses from the outside. You can do this using the formula:

L head = L etc / j * (B / b + 1)

where:
J– coefficient equal to 45;
b— width of the curtain air channel;
AT- opening width;

For correct selection power heating element air curtains need to know the air temperature in the room. Based on this, you can make a selection of equipment, since in the documentation each manufacturer indicates the difference between the intake and exhaust air.

Q head \u003d 0.24 * L head * ( t con - t beginning)

where:
t nach - air temperature in the room during suction;
t con - the outgoing temperature of the air flow from the device.

Installation instructions for horizontal air curtains

Thermal curtains should be installed by specialists. But it often happens that after the acquisition, and with detailed instructions the decision is made to install the product yourself. And in this, by and large, there is nothing terrible, only the presence of hands is necessary, necessary tool and strict observance of installation and safety regulations.

Before installing the heat curtain, you should know that it must be as close as possible to the upper cut of the opening. The appliance must not be located in a door or window opening. It should be fastened immediately above the opening and in its center. In addition, the manufacturer's recommendations regarding the distance from the ceiling to the appliance and the distance from the appliances to the walls should be followed. By default, the distance from the installation to the ceiling cannot be less than 50 mm, and to the wall 100 mm.

Choose the installation method: wall, ceiling.
Make markings for mounting brackets according to the location of the instrument and recommendations for minimum distances to barriers (walls, ceiling).

If you need to install a thermal curtain on a false ceiling, then pay attention to the work ventilation system, which can become a significant interference in the operation of the installation.
Drill holes and fasten the mounting brackets well.
Move the air curtain to the mountings so that the set screws fit into the corresponding slots.

Some models do not have mounting brackets. For mounting on a wall, standard holes are made in the case of such devices. To mount the device, drill a hole, insert a plastic plug and screw a self-tapping screw into it. Then put the device on such mounts.

Instructions for connecting the device

Most air curtains are factory equipped with a connected cable with an euro plug. Such installations need only be plugged into an appropriate outlet. Before switching on, put all switches on the device in the off position. or OF.

There are units (usually more powerful) that are equipped with a wired remote control remote control. You should be aware that the remote control should be mounted in a place where there is a lack of hot air from the air curtain.

There are air curtains that are not equipped with a power cable. To find out how to connect this type of air curtain, you should consult a qualified electrician or make the connection yourself.

To do this, you need to remove the installed heat curtain from the mounts.
Loosen the cover screws and remove it.
According to the diagram given in the technical documentation for the device, connect the cable to the terminal box.
Close and screw the instrument cover.
Connect the cable to the euro plug or to the electrical panel through the circuit breaker.
Install the device on standard mounts.
Make sure all switches on the device are off.

Only after that it is possible to make a test run by turning on the appropriate switch on the installation, having previously applied voltage from the shield.

Electrical work must only be carried out by a qualified electrician with the appropriate work permit. If you ignore safety precautions, you risk getting an electric shock.

In the cold season, there are sharp temperature drops between the outdoor air and the premises. In buildings, especially where there are a large number of people, there is a constant opening and closing of entrance doors. At this point, intensive air circulation occurs. The flow of warm air leaves the room, and cold outside air, coming from the street, gets inside, lowering the overall temperature of the room. This problem is easily solved by a thermal air curtain.

Types of thermal curtains

There are electric and water. Heat carriers in electric are heating elements of various capacities, and water ones work on the basis of hot water. Water curtains can significantly save energy, however, they initially have a high cost and require rather complicated installation.

The most widely used electric air curtains, which are distinguished by their low price, as well as ease of installation and further use. Air curtains of all types are operated in summer period, preventing the leakage of cooled air, and also protect the premises from the ingress of street dust.

Connection

Connection is made from the inside of the opening, and provides air outlet as close as possible to its edge. The air nozzle, ideally, should completely cover the opening. Devices can be located different ways, the main thing is to provide reliable protection, regardless of the height and width of the opening.

The installation of the device must not interfere with the circulation of the air flow during its operation. When reinstalling, the power supply is necessarily turned off. Electric sockets and live wires must not be under the curtain.

When connecting the air curtain to the electrical network

When connecting, certain specifications and rules:

Used to connect alternating current with a mandatory grounding device.
Appliances with a Euro plug must be plugged into the same socket.
Cross section of a standard power cable must be at least 5x2.5 mm2, with an increase in the length of the cable, its cross section increases to 5x4 mm2.

Each air curtain has instructions for its installation and operation, which must be carefully studied. Connecting an air thermal curtain is best entrusted to experienced professionals -.

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