Do-it-yourself rocket stove from a profile pipe. Rocket stove: history, misconceptions, principle of operation, schemes, implementation, materials

Rocket stoves are high performance and work great in clay and straw houses. The owners of such stoves claim to reduce wood consumption by 80-90% compared to heating the same space with a conventional metal wood stove. This is ensured by the afterburning of combustible gases and soot.

Unlike laying conventional stoves, which require special skills and knowledge, a rocket stove can be assembled by any enthusiast. The only problem with such a project is the difficulty in getting permission for it, because basically, not many officials know what a heater rocket is.

The main difference between a masonry heater and a rocket heater is that the rocket stove has an insulated J- or L-shaped combustion chamber, which causes the fire to move horizontally. The flame then hits the end of the chamber at a 90-degree angle, which causes a lot of turbulence, which raises the heat, creating a strong draft that maintains the intensity of the fire. The heat riser is inside the trunk, or a large secondary chamber that extends a few centimeters above the inner riser. Hot gases rise and enter the upper part of the secondary chamber, give off part of the heat, and then fall down and to the sides through the channels.

The hood then directs the gases through chimneys, usually installed in a bench, which absorbs the last remaining heat.

Today, clay is often used to create rocket heaters, but you are absolutely free to lay out a bench from brick, stone or tile.

The rocket stove has a high efficiency. At the outlet of the furnace, due to the high combustion temperatures in the furnace itself (900-1200 C), there is practically only carbon dioxide and water vapor. Soot burns at temperatures of 900 C and above. A rocket stove can be fired with secondary materials, wood trimmings, cones, branches, corn stalks - the high combustion temperature with a massive supply of oxygen allows you to burn almost everything potentially burning ...

If the cap is not coated with clay, but left as is, then it will immediately give off heat to the room. If it is overlaid with clay or brick, then it will keep heat longer after burning. permaculturedesign.fr

This rocket stove was made during a large training session on building straw and clay houses in February 2010 in Patagonia, Argentina. www.firespeaking.com

When a jet furnace burns, it draws air in and pulls the flame in. You can toss long logs into the firebox that are sticking out at the top while their other end is burning in the firebox. The wood is consumed gradually and without smoke leakage. This jet oven is from Juured in Estonia. www.juured.ee

This rocket stove was made in house for sale. by Ernie and Erica Wisner.
ernieanderica.info/shop

The combustion chamber runs horizontally, the flames and gases hit at a 90-degree angle, and then, under strong turbulence, they throw out heat and create a rocket effect to throw the heat upwards. The heat in the riser is usually less, the pipe is installed inside a large hood. The internal heat of the riser must be insulated, it creates a thermal differential that again increases traction. The outlets and channels at the bottom are often covered with clay to keep the stove warm and allow the heat to slowly radiate out to warm the room.

Gorgeous rocket stove design made in Brussels. The tabletop is made of refractory cement, with refractory bricks inside. Internal work here: flickriver.com

The firebox for firewood is placed to the right of the sink, the stove is placed to the right of the firebox.

The rocket furnace is made of stone. Written by Ernie and Eric. ernieanderica.blogspot.com

Rocket oven in the center of shamans, France. It will take 3-4 people and about 3-4 days to build such a furnace. ecologie-pratique.org

Rocket stove in a wooden house. Juured, Estonia.

Rocket stove in an Oregon samman home.
canadiandirtbags.wordpress.com

A jet stove will heat more than just a clay and straw bench for you. This is a flight of stairs sculpted by Danish architect, mason and reed roof maker Fleming Abrahamsson.

This stylish clay bench with stove is designed by Flemming Abrahamsson, a Danish architect, bricklayer and reed roofer. She is in no less. Such ovens are very efficient, the temperature of the oven is between 1000C and 1100C (this is not the place to keep a vase of flowers).

Rocket stoves are mainly used for cooking, as they do in the mountains of Guatemala. joachim2010.blogspot.com

Rocket stove, France. terre-et-flammes.fr

Rocket stove in the interior poeles-eco-09.com

Antique rocket stove lined with clay. The firebox is on the right, and the heated bench is behind. Ernie and Erica Wisner, more photos: plus.google.com

Sophisticated Rocket Oven by expert Kirk Mobert “Donkey”, sundogbuilders.net, donkey32.proboards.com

Here is another diagram of the principle of operation of a rocket furnace, very accessible.

And this is a store version of the Dragon Heater's 6 metal rocket furnace. The cost of such a furnace is $ 1450. www.dragonheaters.com

The jet stove or rocket stove came about as a result of a departure from the tradition of building space heating equipment. It is considered an economical heat generator, the design of which is elementary. Therefore, many are thinking about building a jet furnace with their own hands.

Description, advantages and disadvantages of the rocket oven

A heat generator for heating indoor air is called a rocket stove or a jet stove, because during operation it makes special sounds in case of excessive air intake. This noise can be mistaken for the roar of a jet engine. In normal mode, the equipment operates with a barely audible rustling sound.

The rocket stove serves as a home heating and cooking device. It takes about 6 hours to burn one batch of firewood in such equipment, more than in a standard metal stove. The reason for this is the creation of a heat generator based on a furnace with upper combustion.

The flame from the jet furnace can escape

The advantages of the rocket oven include:

• independence from fuel energy;
• simplicity of design, consisting of affordable parts, connected in a matter of minutes;
• the ability to produce a lot of heat, despite the quality of the loaded fuel.

The jet furnace also has some disadvantages:

• manual control, which implies constant monitoring of equipment operation;
• danger of getting burned, because the walls of the equipment become extremely hot;
• inexpediency of use in the bath, because it will not be possible to warm it up.

Kinds

A unit that emits a rocket hum during operation happens:

• portable (unit of metal pipes, buckets or gas cylinder);

  Portable rocket furnaces are mass-produced by the industry

• stationary (created from fireclay bricks and metal containers);

  Such a unit is more difficult to build than a metal furnace.

• equipment for heating air with a bench.

  The bench is equipped behind the rear wall of the oven

Portable structures are made in large batches, because they are used for hiking. The basis of these heat generators is a pipe made up of several segments. True, such structures, unlike units based on fireclay bricks, are not reliable. The walls of refractory blocks increase the heat transfer of the jet furnace. If desired, you can add a couch in the form of a sofa or bed, decorated with clay or sawdust.

Details and operation of a jet heat generator

An elementary rocket furnace is a device of two pipe fragments connected by a branch at an angle of 90 degrees. The combustion chamber in this heat generator is usually a zone in the horizontal part of the structure. But sometimes the fuel is laid in the vertical section of the apparatus, for which the rocket furnace is constructed from two pipes of different lengths, mounted vertically and connected by a common horizontal channel.

Primary and secondary air passes through the furnace

The functioning of the jet furnace is based on two actions: the unhindered passage of wood gases through the pipe and the afterburning of gases produced during the combustion of fuel. Wood chips and firewood are placed in the firebox of this heat generator after a highly flammable material like paper has ignited there. A container with water or other contents is placed on the open section of the pipe. At the same time, a small space is left between the structure and the installed tank, which is necessary to create traction.

The processes occurring inside a stationary jet furnace resemble the operation of pyrolysis heating units.

Calculation of parameters (tables)

The volume of the furnace should be determined with skill, because it is he who affects the power and amount of heat generated by heating equipment. When calculating the dimensions of reactive heating equipment, an indicator of the internal diameter of the drum D is used, the value of which can vary within 300–600 mm. You also need to know the cross-sectional area of ​​the drum. To determine this indicator of a rocket furnace, use the formula: S = 3.14 * D ^ 2 / 4.

The main dimensions of the jet furnace are presented in the table:

Parameter	Meaning
Drum height H	1.5D to 2D
The height of the heat-insulating coating of the drum	2/3H
The thickness of the heat-insulating coating of the drum	1/3D
Cross-sectional area of ​​the primary chimney	From 0.045S to 0.065S (optimally - from 0.05S to 0.06S). The higher the primary chimney, the better.
Minimum clearance between the top edge of the primary chimney and the drum cover	70 mm. With a smaller value, the aerodynamic resistance of the gap for the gases passing through it will be excessively large.
Flame tube length and area	Length and area of ​​the primary chimney
Sectional area of ​​the blower	Half of the cross-sectional area of ​​the primary chimney
Cross-sectional area of ​​the external chimney	1.5S to 2S
The thickness of the adobe pillow under the flue with a stove bench	50–70 mm (if there are wooden boards under the bed - from 25 to 35 mm)
The height of the coating above the flue with a stove bench	150 mm. It is not recommended to reduce, otherwise the oven will accumulate less heat.
Height of the external chimney	at least 4 m

Particular importance is attached to the length of the flue with a stove bench. The maximum allowable indicators are shown in the table:

The volume of the secondary ash chamber is also an important indicator, depending on the volume of the drum and the primary chimney.

D (diameter)	Volume
300 mm	0.1x (Vk - Vpd)	Where Vk is the volume of the drum, Vpd - the volume of the primary chimney.
600 mm	0.05x(Vk - Vpd)

Building materials for the construction of a non-standard furnace

The production of jet heating equipment will require the presence of:

• barrels with a volume of 200 liters and a diameter of 0.6 meters, an empty liquefied gas cylinder or tin buckets to build a furnace drum;
• square or round steel pipes 2-3 mm thick, which are needed to create a blower, a combustion chamber and a primary chimney;
• fireclay crushed stone and furnace clay as heat-insulating materials;
• adobe, which serves as an outer coating layer;
• fireclay bricks;
• sand from the bottom of the river;
• pieces of sheets of zinc-coated steel or aluminum for the manufacture of covers and doors;
• asbestos or basalt cardboard, which performs the tasks of a sealant.

Of the tools for the construction of a rocket furnace, you will need a welding machine. And if you plan to make heating equipment out of bricks, you will have to take:

• Master OK;
• mortar blade;
• pick hammer;
• stitching;
• an acute-angled sledgehammer;
• level;
• plumb;
• roulette.

Preparing for the assembly of heating equipment

When choosing a place for a rocket furnace, they are guided by some rules:

• reactive heating equipment is placed only in a room with an area of ​​at least 16 m²;
• without floorboards under the oven, equipment installation will be easier;
• above the structure that gives heat, it is forbidden to place wooden beams;
• if it is understood that the chimney will go through the ceilings, then the heating equipment is placed in the middle of the house;
• the heat generator cannot be installed near the outer contour of the house, otherwise the room will lose heated air;
• the jet device must not be placed near the walls and partitions of their wooden materials.

To make it convenient to put fuel in jet heating equipment, it is more reasonable to put it with the front side opposite the entrance. It is important to leave at least a meter of unoccupied space around the rocket stove.

In a small house, builders are advised to allocate a place in the corner for the stove. In this case, the firebox should be directed in one direction, and the stove bench (if it is made) in the other.

The stove stands on a special platform that protects the floor from high temperatures.

Having found a suitable site for a rocket furnace, they begin to prepare it for construction work. If boards are laid on the floor in the house, then in the place where the equipment will be installed, they will need to be removed. A hole is dug under the open floor, the bottom of which must be pressed.

Before construction work, a special mortar should be mixed. It consists of sand and clay combined in a ratio of 1:1. Water will be needed so much that the building materials acquire the consistency of sour cream, that is, ¼ of the amount of dry ingredients.

Do-it-yourself step-by-step instructions for making

If it is planned to make a rocket furnace from a gas cylinder, then you can not be afraid of difficulties. The steps to create equipment from such building materials are quite simple:

1. from a cylinder with a volume of 50 liters, the upper part is cut off in order to build a kind of cap;

   The balloon is cut at the top and bottom

2. focusing on the instructions in the drawing, all parts of the product are welded to each other, that is, a gas cylinder, a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm (future chimney), a pipe with a diameter of 7 cm (internal channel) and another pipe with a diameter of 15 cm (firebox);

   Dimensions are in mm

3. the space between the two pipes is filled with a material that retains heat, for example, sand, which has been carefully calcined, that is, cleaned of organic substances;
4. legs are welded to give stability to the structure.

To build a rocket stove with a stove bench, which involves the use of bricks, you need to act differently:

1. The area for arranging the firebox is deepened by removing 10 cm of soil. The combustion chamber is formed from fireclay bricks. A formwork is created along the contour of the manufactured structure. To make the base strong, it is recommended to lay a reinforcing mesh or metal bars in it;

   The platform will harden in about two days

2. The structure is poured with liquid concrete. Then they wait for the solution to harden, and finish the job. Bricks are laid in a continuous line, creating a platform for the furnace. After that, the walls of the structure are formed, exposing several rows of brick blocks;
3. They equip the lower channel of the structure, while one line of bricks is laid across to block the combustion chamber. The blocks are placed, leaving the vertical channel and the opening of the firebox open;

   Two sectors of the furnace at this stage of construction must be open

4. They find a body from an old boiler and cut off the top and bottom covers on it. At the bottom of the resulting pipe, a flange is installed through which a horizontal heat exchanger will pass. Parts need to be connected to each other with a continuous weld;

   Work requires diligence

5. An outlet pipe is inserted into the barrel, after which they take a brush for metal and scrape rust from the walls of the container. The cleaned barrel is treated with a primer, and a little later - with paint that is resistant to high temperatures;
6. The horizontal chimney is connected by welding to the side outlet - the future ash pan. To facilitate its cleaning, a sealed flange is mounted;
7. Spread the flame tube of refractory bricks. At the same time, a channel with a height and width of 18 cm is formed inside the structure. While doing this, they constantly use the building level, which allows you to control the verticality of the product;

   The height of the pipe is predetermined

8. The flame tube is covered with a protective casing, and the resulting gaps are clogged with perlite. The lower area of ​​the vertical channel is sealed with wet clay, the function of which is to prevent the heat-insulating material from spilling onto the floor;
9. From the boiler, on which the top and bottom were cut off, a fuel tank is formed. A handle must be welded to it;
10. To improve the appearance, the structure is treated with adobe putty, consisting of sawdust and raw clay. The first component of the composition serves in the same way as crushed stone in concrete, that is, it prevents cracking of the furnace walls. It is recommended to apply adobe putty on top of perlite backfill;
11. They create the facade of the furnace, for which the furnace circuit is laid out of stone, bricks, adobe and sand. The wrong side of the structure is filled with crushed stone, and the front side is filled with adobe mixture, which makes the surface perfectly even;
12. A casing made of a metal barrel is placed on the previously created base. The lower branch pipe of the tank is directed towards the bench. The bottom of the structure is treated with raw clay, which will ensure its tightness;
13. A channel from a corrugated pipe is brought to the combustion chamber. It will serve as a link between the firebox and the atmosphere from the outside;

    At this stage, the oven looks almost finished.

14. A test kindling of the furnace is carried out, looking at how the gases are removed from the horizontal chimney. After that, the heat exchanger pipes are connected to the lower branch pipe installed on the red brick platform;
15. The furnace is supplemented with a pipe for removing smoke. The junction of the chimney and the heat generator is sealed with refractory coating and asbestos cord;
16. Using clay and adobe, the couch is given the desired shape. Only the horizontal section of the structure is left unsealed, which will then be used during cooking.

    The furnace functions as a whole system

Design improvement

A stove bench with a flue inside is not the only option for upgrading a rocket furnace. The design can be improved with a water jacket connected to a heating system in which water circulates. It is desirable to give this part of the structure the appearance of a coil, created from a copper pipe, twisting on the chimney.

This design provides even more warmth.

Another way to improve the jet furnace is associated with the organization of the flow of heated secondary air into the flame tube. This will increase the efficiency of the heat generator, but will lead to the deposition of a large amount of soot in the primary chimney. Therefore, it is better to make sure that the drum cover can be dismantled if necessary.

The subtleties of operating an unconventional furnace

The rocket furnace is heated by analogy with the upper combustion heat generator. It turns out that the kindling of equipment called a rocket must be carried out according to certain rules:

• the main raw material for the furnace of the unit must be laid only after the structure has warmed up well, for which, first, sawdust or paper is placed and set on fire in the blowing sector;
• they necessarily react to the muffling of the rumble emanating from the furnace - they put a large batch of fuel into the combustion chamber, which will ignite on its own from the red-hot residues of sawdust;
• the process is closely monitored, that is, after laying firewood, the damper is fully opened, and after a while, when the equipment makes a hum, it is covered to produce a sound similar to rustling;
• as necessary, the damper is covered more and more, otherwise the furnace will become filled with an excess volume of air, which will disrupt the pyrolysis inside the flame tube and lead to the creation of a strong hum.

Since the jet oven was originally designed for field use, its design is extremely simple. This allows you to cope with the manufacture of the unit by an ordinary home master. But, despite the apparent lightness, the rocket stove is supposed to be assembled, taking into account the correct ratio of parameters. Otherwise, the equipment will be unproductive.

Such a simple heating device as a rocket stove is not known to every person. Meanwhile, it has few equals in simplicity and efficiency. It cannot be said that it has the best characteristics, but it also has few shortcomings. There are many varieties of these furnaces, differing in design and purpose. We will look at them in more detail as part of our review.

Device and principle of operation

Rocket furnaces have practically nothing to do with the design of rocket engines or jet turbines. On the contrary, they are extremely simple structurally, in contrast to the above devices. The similarity is noticeable only in a quietly noisy flame and high combustion temperature - all this is observed after the stove enters the operating mode.

Consider the device of rocket furnaces - they consist of the following elements:

• Firebox - a vertical or horizontal area in which firewood burns;
• Combustion chamber (it is also a flame tube, riser) - here the process of fuel combustion occurs with the release of a large amount of heat;
• Blower - necessary for the correct operation of the stove and starting the process of burning pyrolysis gases;
• Thermal insulation - envelops the vertical part, forming a drum together with the body;
• Bed - used for its intended purpose;
• Chimney - removes combustion products into the atmosphere, creating traction;
• The support under ware - provides unhindered exit of heat.

Depending on the type of rocket furnace, certain elements may be missing.

Rocket furnaces with vertical furnaces (fuel bunkers) and blowers have the greatest efficiency and convenience - large volumes of fuel are placed here, which ensures long-term combustion.

The most important part of the rocket furnace is the vertical drum. It is in it that the highest temperature is observed, since flames break out here. In order for it to start working, it must be thoroughly warmed up. Without this, the combustion process will be weak. To warm up, paper, cardboard, small chips or thin branches are placed in the firebox. As soon as the system warms up, the flame in the drum will begin to burn out with a buzz, which is a sign that the operating mode has been reached.

A rocket (jet) stove without a blower burns wood in a direct way. It is simpler, but less efficient. The blower model supplies secondary air to the base of the riser, which causes intense combustion of combustible pyrolysis gases. This increases the efficiency of the unit.

Fireboxes in rocket furnaces are located horizontally or vertically (at any angle). Horizontal fireboxes are not very convenient, since the firewood in them has to be moved to the combustion zone manually, independently. Vertical combustion chambers are more convenient - we load fuel into them and go about our business. As the logs burn, they will fall down, independently moving towards the combustion zone.

Varieties of rocket furnaces

In this section, we will consider the most common types of rocket stoves used in field and stationary conditions.

Simple metal ovens

The simplest wood-fired jet stove is made from an L-shaped piece of large-diameter metal pipe. The horizontal part is short, it is a firebox. The combustion chamber is located in the vertical part of the pipe, firewood is actively burning here. A small metal plate is often welded into the horizontal section, forming a blower. After warming up, the rocket furnace enters the operating mode, a flame bursts out of its vertical section (flame tube).

Such rocket stoves are used for cooking in camping or outdoor conditions - due to their small area, they are characterized by low heat release, and the vast majority of heat energy escapes through the flame tube. Teapots, frying pans and pots are placed on this pipe so that the raging flame ensures their heating. To maintain traction, stands are located in the upper part of the pipe, on which dishes are placed - combustion products can freely go outside.

In order to make a metal rocket furnace from an L-shaped pipe section more efficient, it is equipped with a metal casing from an old barrel. At the bottom of the barrel you can see a blower, and a flame tube peeps out of the top. If necessary, the internal volume is filled with insulation, for example, ash - it does not burn and retains heat well.

The most convenient are metal rocket furnaces with vertical fireboxes located at an angle to the flame tube. Often, the furnace openings are closed with lids; in this case, air is taken through the blower. Sometimes the firebox is made larger in diameter than the flame tube in order to ensure long-term burning.

Simple brick ovens

A small-sized brick rocket stove is another of the easiest options for building a do-it-yourself rocket stove. For its assembly, cement mortar is not required, it is enough to lay the bricks on top of each other to get at your disposal a convenient brick outdoor cooking unit. In the section on self-assembly of rocket furnaces, we will suggest that you familiarize yourself with the simplest order for self-assembly.

A do-it-yourself brick rocket stove can be used to heat households. In this case, simple ordering is not enough - you will have to build a stationary version using a special cement mortar. There are many orders for this, you just have to choose the appropriate option. By the way, some variants of such furnaces provide for the presence of a water circuit.

Advantage of brick rocket kilns:

• Simple construction;
• Long-term heat retention;
• The ability to create a comfortable warm couch.

Some models are made combined, they use both steel and bricks.

Complex rocket ovens

A jet stove for heating households or for a bath is characterized by increased complexity. The main link here is still the riser (flame tube), enclosed in a metal case. Its upper part can be used for cooking, forming a kind of cooking surface. The firebox is made large to accommodate an increased amount of solid fuel. The raw materials are metal, bricks and clay.

On the basis of clay coating, streamlined rocket furnaces of irregular shape are made, which is well perceived by human vision.

There are projects of wood-burning rocket stoves that provide for the presence of additional modules. Their construction schemes include small boilers for preparing hot water, hobs, water jackets and even small ovens. Such stoves will help to heat households and create comfortable conditions for a person to live.

A water-jacketed rocket boiler, based on a wood-burning stove, will help warm up a multi-room building. It is equipped with a water circuit for heating the coolant. Additional convenience is created by samples with stove benches - these stove benches are created on the basis of thermal channels between the flame and chimney pipes.

Types of stoves for different operating conditions

A rocket stove with a water circuit, brick or metal, can replace the boiler. The heat exchanger here is arranged in the upper part of the flame tube in the form of a surrounding water jacket. Jumpers are located inside the jacket for more efficient heat removal to the coolant. The design is extremely simple, it can heat households up to several tens of square meters.

A rocket stove for a garage can be made from an old pot-bellied gas bottle or barrel. To do this, two holes are made in the selected container - one in the top cover, and the other on the side surface. An L-shaped pipe is inserted inside. With little experience with a welding machine, all work will take you a maximum of half an hour.

You can also make an oven of the above-described rocket type from pieces of a square and metal pipe according to the above drawing.

Also, the heating rocket stove "Ognivo-Kozyain" is suitable for heating the garage. This is a shop model made of corrugated aluminum pipe and ordinary sheet iron. It works approximately according to the same scheme and allows you to warm a garage up to 30 square meters. m.

There are no drawings of her in the public domain yet, so you can try to assemble the Flint stove with your own hands based on her photograph. It can also be purchased from the manufacturer's website.

We have already said that a long-burning rocket stove with a water circuit will be required to heat large households. A small household from one room can be heated with a simple stove with a stove bench - this way you save space on furniture. It consists of the following nodes:

• Firebox with vertical loading - logs are placed in it;
• Afterburner - a horizontal section in front of the riser (flame tube), pyrolysis combustion takes place here;
• Riser with a hob - a vertical section with a metal case that gives off heat to the room;
• Horizontal channels - they heat the stove bench, after which the combustion products are sent to the chimney.

A rocket stove for heating a house from one room is coated with clay to make a flat and comfortable bed - here you can lay a mattress or a small blanket.

For field use, the simplest rocket-type furnaces made of metal pipes are used. They are compact, easy to kindle and extinguish, cool quickly and allow you to quickly cook dinner in the open air. The main thing is not to overdo it with the amount of fuel loaded, so as not to burn the food with a high-temperature flame.

How to increase the efficiency of the stove

Long-burning jet stoves can be made even more efficient with a little tweaking. If the riser (flame tube) is closed with a metal casing, weld vertical pipes of small diameter to the outer surface - they form a convector that effectively heats the air in the premises. This modification method is suitable for metal units used for heating technical premises (for example, garages).

Any metal rocket stove can be made more efficient by lining it with brick or natural stone. The masonry will retain heat and slowly release it into the room. At the same time, it will allow you to get rid of unbearable heat with too intense heating.

How to make a DIY rocket stove

Let's start with the simplest brick sample designed for cooking. Such a stove can be quickly folded in your yard without clay mortar, and disassembled after use. It is also possible to assemble a stationary version - for those who like to cook on an open fire. The picture below shows a drawing of the stove, or rather, its ordering. There are only five rows here.

The first row is the base, which includes six bricks. The second row forms the firebox, and the next three rows form the riser chimney. In the first and second rows, halves of bricks are used so that the stove is rectangular, without protruding elements.

Immediately after assembly, you can start kindling - cook any dishes on the fire in cast-iron cauldrons and pans, heat kettles and pots of water.

A sheet metal oven can be both a camping and a stationary option. We have already given her drawing in the previous sections of our review. It can be used for cooking in any conditions.

Large rocket stove with bench

The main advantage of the rocket modification over the Russian stove is its compactness. Even being equipped with a couch, it will please you with its small size. Having made it out of brick, you will have at your disposal an effective source of heat with a comfortable bed - the household will fight for the right to occupy this warm place.

The presented ordering allows you to assemble a brick oven without the use of metal. Only the doors will be made of iron. Subsequently, the bricks can be smeared with clay, which will make the stove more rounded.

The first row forms the base of our rocket oven. It consists of 62 bricks laid according to the pattern shown in the figure. The second row forms channels for heating the couch - they run along its entire length. Cast-iron doors are also mounted here, fixed with metal wire - it is held between the rows. The number of bricks used - 44 pcs. The same amount will be required for the third row, completely repeating the contour of the second. The fourth row completely closes the channels that heat the bed. But here a vertical smoke channel and a firebox are already beginning to form - the row includes 59 bricks.

Another 60 is needed for the fifth row. The bed has already been formed, it remains to finish off the chimney channel and build a hob. The sixth row, which includes 17 bricks, is responsible for this. Another 18 are needed for the seventh row, 14 for the eighth.

The ninth and tenth row will require 14 bricks, the eleventh - 13.

Row number 12 is our key one - the chimney will start from here. Also, a hole begins from here, through which the air that has risen to the hob will go down to the bench - 11 bricks are required (this is the top of the riser). In row No. 13, this process is completed, 10 bricks are spent on it. Now we lay the asbestos gasket, which is covered with a piece of thick sheet steel - this will be the hob.

5 bricks are spent on rows No. 14 and No. 15, they close the chimney channel and form a low wall between the hob and the stove bench.

Similarly, you can assemble a long-burning rocket cauldron by finding the right order. Separate schemes provide for the use of metal nodes.

Video

Simple stove options for heating a room, heating food and water are always popular, especially with home craftsmen who tend to make such units on their own. Such designs include a rocket stove that runs on wood, and does an excellent job of the tasks assigned to it, while not requiring complex materials for manufacturing. Today we will take a closer look at the design of such an interesting heater, as well as provide drawings and videos in order to make a do-it-yourself rocket stove.

Principle of operation

Before proceeding with the manufacture of the unit, you should consider in detail the principle of its operation. I would like to clarify right away that a rocket stove for a home has nothing to do with a jet engine and space flights. A similar name for the furnace was given by the people due to its unusual appearance: the unit is very similar to an inverted rocket and emits a characteristic buzz during operation.

The buzz appears at the stove only during a certain mode of operation, when too much oxygen is supplied to the firebox. Please note that if your oven hums too loudly or makes an unusual roar, this indicates incorrect, uneconomical and inefficient operation. The correct operation of the rocket furnace is accompanied by a barely audible rustle.

A portable rocket stove is very often taken with you on a hike to heat food.

Thermal units of this type, depending on the scope of application, can be divided into:

• Portable;
• Stationary.

The former are mainly used in field conditions, they are mobile, easily transported and do not take up much free space. The second type of construction is more capital. It is used for indoor installation, for heating a room or for heating food.

The principle of operation of a rocket furnace is easiest to show by the example of the simplest tourist firebox "Robinson". The design is an inverted pipe in the form of the letter "G".

Solid fuel (firewood, wood chips) is loaded into that part of the pipe that is in a horizontal position with respect to the ground, then the fuel is ignited from the side of the vertical part of the pipe.

A thrust is created in the transition channel, which increases as the fuel warms up, and therefore, for efficient operation, it is necessary to shut off the air supply from the outside. If the air supply is not limited, the wood will burn out in vain, and no heat energy will be obtained as a result.

Even the simplest rocket stove is capable of heating water in a large container in a matter of minutes. If the upper part of the pipe is properly insulated, it will be possible to burn thick logs in the device and heat a large area.

Types of rocket furnaces

Depending on the type of construction, rocket furnaces are divided into:

• A rocket furnace with a water circuit (with the right arrangement, it can replace a full-fledged solid fuel boiler);
• Rocket stove from a gas cylinder;
• Rocket furnace "Ognivo - Boss";
• A simple brick rocket stove with a bench;
• Hiking options from metal pipes.

General view of a rocket furnace made from a gas cylinder

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of a rocket-type furnace include:

• High heat output, which in some cases reaches 18 kW;
• High efficiency;
• Super-efficient work, which is characterized by complete burnout of firewood, coals and soot loaded inside;
• To ensure combustion, even waste from the woodworking industry (chips, leaves, twigs, branches, leaves, regardless of the degree of humidity) is suitable;
• Economical combustion and low consumption of wood;
• High temperature conditions at the outlet (heating of a large container with water is carried out in a few minutes).

Along with the advantages, furnaces of this type also have disadvantages:

• Installing a water heating coil reduces the thermal efficiency of the furnace;
• The continuous combustion cycle makes it impossible to install a rocket stove in garages and baths;
• The small size of the firebox does not allow loading a large amount of fuel at once; to ensure long-term burning, a constant lining of firewood is made.

How to make a DIY rocket stove

Many decide to install a rocket stove due to the ability to make it from improvised means. Such a stove does not require expensive materials and components, while it stands out among other wood-burning stoves with its original design.

To make a furnace, it is enough to understand at least a little the drawings and be able to work with your hands. Especially for home craftsmen, we will consider several options for making a rocket stove.

Marching from a profile pipe

This design stands out for its maximum simplicity, so it is with it that you can begin work on mastering the technology of building rocket furnaces. With the right approach, the entire production process will take no more than 3-4 hours.

The manufactured stove will have small overall dimensions and weight, which is why it is convenient to take it with you on hikes and fishing trips.

We will consider a slightly more complicated version of the rocket furnace, due to the additional part, the process of further use of the unit will be greatly facilitated. We are talking about a small metal plate with a grate that can be removed for easy loading of firewood.

To make an oven, you need to prepare the following items:

• Two pieces of a square pipe measuring 15 by 15 cm (metal thickness - 3 mm). The length of one pipe is 45 cm, the other is 30 cm;
• 4 strips of steel 3 mm thick and 30 by 5 cm in size;
• 2 steel strips 3 mm thick and measuring 14 by 5 cm.
• A metal grate with dimensions of 30 by 14 cm. If a grate of suitable dimensions could not be purchased, you can make it yourself from steel bars.

The camping stove-rocket is made in the form of a bent pipe section

The production of the furnace includes the following steps:

1. We mark two pipes for further cutting with a grinder at an angle of 45 degrees;
2. We connect the pipes to each other with cut sides and weld;
3. At the top of the vertical pipe, we make 4 cuts at the corners, insert prepared strips of steel into them to form a cross, weld the structure;
4. We make a frame for a retractable grate from the remaining steel strips, put a grate on the frame and weld;
5. We check the oven for operability;
6. When the unit is completely cool, paint it with heat-resistant paint to give an attractive appearance.

The design can be slightly improved by welding a handle to the retractable grate.

Some craftsmen make a rocket stove right in the field from two soda cans. Such an oven gives a minimal amount of heat, but it will be enough to heat dinner or a glass of water.

From a gas bottle

For the manufacture of a rocket furnace from a gas cylinder, the scheme of which is shown in the figure, you will need:

• 80 cm steel pipe with a diameter of 158 mm and a metal thickness of 4 mm;
• 150 cm steel pipe with a diameter of 127 mm and a wall thickness of 3.4 mm;
• Profile pipe 100 cm long, 12 by 12 cm in size and 4 mm thick wall;
• 2 empty gas cylinders;
• Sheet metal;
• Steel bars;
• Material for thermal insulation;
• Metal pipe with a diameter of 12 cm for the chimney.

Scheme of a gas cylinder furnace with dimensions

The production process includes the following steps:

1. We cut the profile pipe into two parts. One should have a length of 30 cm, the second - 35 cm. In the second pipe, we cut a hole for the firebox and for the vertical pipe of the future stove;
2. We cut the remaining piece of the profile pipe along, weld it to the firebox (it will serve as an air supply hole);
3. We weld the firebox to a vertical pipe;
4. We make doors for the furnace and ash pan;
5. We check the performance of the manufactured structure (primary chamber), wait for it to cool;
6. With the help of a grinder, we cut a hole for the firebox in the lower gas cylinder. We weld a pipe with a diameter of 120 mm, which will serve as a chimney, in the lower part of the pipe we make a hole for cleaning the chimney;
7. We weld a piece of a pipe of a slightly larger diameter to the chimney, weld a firebox to the cylinder;
8. In the space formed in the cylinder between the pipe and the surface of the cylinder, we pour perlite, which acts as a thermal insulator;
9. At the second cylinder, we cut off the bottom with a grinder, weld a hole near the valve, the design will act as a container for igniting gases;
10. We connect all the parts of the stove together.

A more detailed process of manufacturing a rocket furnace from a gas cylinder is discussed in the video.

Video: rocket stove from a gas cylinder

From bricks

The diagram of the simplest rocket furnace is shown in the figure.

The simplest design involves the presence of 21 bricks

To build an improved structure, you will need about 20-30 bricks and dry clay.

From the bricks we add the structure, as in the picture. In appearance, it resembles a rocket that is ready to launch.

Clay is used to give the structure strength and stability.

We check the oven for operability, wait until the bricks cool down, and coat them with prepared clay. The manufacturing process has been completed. Once the clay is completely dry, the oven can be used.

Video: oven rocket of twenty bricks

Long burning design

The best option for a long-burning stove is a stove with a stove bench. This design is perfect for heating a small room.

A long-burning rocket stove is a great option for heating your home.

The manufacturing process includes the following steps:

1. The place where the firebox will subsequently be located is deepened into the ground by 10 cm, a refractory stone is placed in the resulting recess;
2. A formwork is installed along the perimeter of the masonry, a reinforcing mesh is laid on the bottom;
3. The lower part of the future working chamber is laid on the same level with the installed formwork, the structure is poured with concrete;
4. The constructed part is left for a day until the concrete is completely solidified, then the base of the furnace and the combustion chamber are formed;
5. The walls of the future furnace gradually rise along the perimeter;
6. The lower channel of the rocket furnace is being laid;
7. The constructed structure is sheathed with bricks, except for the places where the firebox and raiser will be located;
8. A metal container (an iron barrel or a gas cylinder is suitable) is cut off with a grinder on both sides, coated with a primer and painted with heat-resistant paint, a pipe cuts into the lower part;
9. A branch is welded to the chimney pipe, which will play the role of an ash pan;
10. A fire tube is laid out of brick in the form of a square;
11. In the resulting gap between the metal container and the masonry, heat-insulating material is poured;
12. The body of the future furnace is being formed, all brick surfaces are cleaned with clay, the future contour of the stove-bed is being laid;
13. The operation of the furnace is checked;
14. All gaps are sealed, the shape of the couch is formed, and adobe is covered on top.

How to heat the stove correctly

If no special preparation is required for the firebox of mobile rocket furnaces, then in order for the long-burning furnace to work at the limit of its capabilities, it is necessary to preheat it. Such an event also reduces the degree of pollution of the chimney.

It is most convenient to warm up the oven with paper sheets, wood chips and sawdust. The degree of heating is estimated by the emerging hum in the channel. Initially, the hum will be strong, this indicates high traction and low temperature, according to the degree of noise reduction, we can talk about an increase in temperature in the furnace.

To warm up the rocket stove, it is best to use small chips and sawdust.

As soon as the noise began to decrease, the main fuel is loaded into the furnace. After 15 minutes, the damper begins to gradually close. The gap must be adjusted so that a barely audible rustling comes from the oven.

There are plenty of successful designs of rocket furnaces on the net, while the authors are often guided more by intuition than technical calculations. The main thing is to stick to the "L-shaped" type of design, and then everything depends only on your imagination.

Be sure to check the operation of the furnace at a preliminary stage.

Not so long ago, very compact portable Robinson stoves appeared on the market, designed for cooking in field conditions: hunting, fishing, in the country. No matter how much it costs, making it yourself is much cheaper: it will take several pieces of square-section pipe, a small piece of sheet steel for the blower door, rods for making legs and a grate. Everything is so simple that with a little experience in welding, it can be welded in a couple of hours. In the article, we will publish the available drawings, show several options for finished furnaces with an indication of the dimensions and materials used, and post a video lesson on the principles of their construction. Based on these materials, you can make a Robinson oven with your own hands.

Rocket furnaces are attractive due to their simplicity of design and efficiency. But, behind the seeming simplicity, there is an exact calculation. It is very undesirable to deviate in size: everything will stop working at all or fuel combustion will be extremely inefficient.

General principles

The portable portable oven "Robinson" was made on the basis of a heating rocket stove. The same principle is applied: firewood burns in the bunker-fuel compartment, the fire, due to the air flow, enters the combustion zone - a horizontal section of the pipe and partially rises up the chimney. First, until the furnace is warmed up, all the energy is spent on heating the chimney. Then, when it warms up, gases from high temperatures ignite again, secondary combustion of gases occurs. The modernized ones are arranged according to the same principle.

In the Robinson oven, everything is a little simpler: we do not need to heat the room. Its main task is to heat water and cook food. But the principles remain the same: the fire should heat up the chimney, and its length should be enough to burn the gases. Therefore, for normal performance, adhere to the following proportions:

• The length of the chimney must be at least 2 lengths of the horizontal (inclined) section.
• The height of the fuel compartment is approximately equal to the length of the horizontal section. Therefore, in the Robinson furnace, the firebox is made at an angle of 45 °, although the fuel compartment can be located at an angle of 90 °, but it is not very convenient to lay fuel in this way.
• The cross section of the chimney should not be less than the dimensions of the firebox.

Robinson oven device: drawings and dimensions

In the original, "Robinson" was welded from a profile pipe 150 * 100 mm. Homemade similar stoves are made from a pipe of close diameter. Sometimes the fuel compartment is made from a piece of a profile pipe, and the chimney is made from a round one. At the same time, it is important that the cross section of the chimney is not less than that of the firebox, otherwise reverse draft may occur.

Below we lay out the drawings of the Robinson rocket furnace, indicating the most common sizes: a profile pipe 150 * 150 mm, a firebox 30 cm long, a chimney of at least 60 cm. In general, with this size of the firebox, it can be up to 90 cm, but keeping in mind that this is still a hiking option, we indicate the minimum possible length.

A drawing of a Robinson rocket furnace for making do-it-yourself drawings

The legs are made of threaded rod, installed in place and tightened with nuts. This option is the most compact, but unscrewing / screwing the legs to the smoked iron is not the best thing to do. Alternative support options: steel sheet welded to the bottom or stationary legs. They do not need to be screwed, but they take up more space in the trunk.

In the case of the original Robinson oven, it does not have a combustion air duct and there is no combustion control cover. In home-made ones, there is improvement: a plate is welded in the lower part of the fuel compartment, ending with a grate. Fuel is placed on this plate. The slot at the bottom allows oxygen to be supplied directly to the combustion zone. To regulate the intensity of combustion, a damper cover is welded to the fuel compartment. In size, it is slightly wider than the fuel compartment (156.4 mm in the drawing with a firebox width of 140 mm). It should not completely cover it - otherwise the fire will die out. They make it smaller in size than the firebox or build in a slide gate.

Do-it-yourself Robinson oven: two photos and three video options

Craftsmen make small camping rocket furnaces from different pieces of metal. In the photo below you see what happened - a finished Robinson oven, made by craftsmen from Penza with their own hands. Three small sections of a profile pipe 160 * 160 mm were used, from which the furnace compartment was welded. Its total length turned out to be 40 cm. A single piece of pipe 120 * 120 mm 60 cm long was used for the chimney. In the furnace, the ash pan is welded from 8 mm sheet metal and 12 mm steel bar. Instead of legs, a metal plate is welded: thickness 8 mm, dimensions 180*350 mm.

This is the finished Robinson oven and what the master welded it from (To increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

According to the author: a melted stove burns well, does not smoke or act up. Only before loading with "serious" fuel: branches and chips, it needs to be heated with paper, hay, dry grass or very thin branches. When the pipe warms up, you can lay more “thick firewood”.

Difficulties with kindling a cold furnace are generally characteristic of rocket furnaces. In this case, we also have a narrowed chimney, which makes kindling more problematic.

The second version of a home-made rocket-type camp stove is made of two profile pipes: 160 * 160 mm 30 cm long for the furnace and 120 * 120 mm 60 cm long for the chimney (it is better to take no smaller section - the draft will be better). 5 mm steel was used for the ash pan, door and stand. The ash pan is cut to half the length of the firebox, reinforcing bars of 12 mm in diameter are welded to the plate. The lid does not reach the ash pan plate by about 2 cm; a large diameter nut is used instead of a handle. Base plate dimensions 20*30 cm.

Do-it-yourself Robinson oven materials and manufacturing process (To increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

To make it convenient to put the dishes and so that the smoke has somewhere to go, balls from the CV joint are welded at the corners of the pipe. This option turned out to be more convenient than the one proposed in the original (three rings welded together) - you can put dishes with a round bottom on such a stove - a cauldron, for example. Hunters and fishermen most often have this utensil, and not pans with a flat bottom. The kettle also becomes excellent: three liters of water in it boils in 20 minutes. The heat is sufficient for frying meat and other cooking tasks.

Portable oven Robinson: testing in the garage and on a three-day hunt (To increase the size of the picture, click on it with the left mouse button)

This video is about two rocket stoves: the already familiar home-made Robinson and a mini-stove made from cans of different diameters. This mini-stove works on the same principle, but the dimensions are more than compact.

And this video story is for those who want to make a heating and cooking rocket stove. It was also made according to the type of Robinson furnace, but with a heat-insulated casing.