When to plant Turkish cloves from seeds. Turkish Carnation: Growing from Seeds

For many centuries, carnation has been very popular with flower growers in various countries. It attracts not only beautiful appearance, but also the smell: during flowering, an aroma emanates from the culture, reminiscent of the one that thins the buds of the clove tree, which are used in cooking as a spice. This explains the name of this plant.

The origin of the name carnation is quite interesting: in Greek it means "divine flower" or "flower of Zeus". Therefore, the desire of many flower lovers to plant a carnation in their flower garden is quite understandable. However, the success of this event largely depends on the grower's awareness of the rules for growing, caring for and propagating this crop in the open field.

Description of Turkish clove

This plant can often be seen in flower beds. It was able to attract attention back in the 16th century, when it interested flower growers with its bright flowering hats. To date, many varieties of carnations have been bred, which are distinguished by a rich color scheme.

If desired, you can find plain white and different shades red hybrids. Many sophisticated flower growers grow two- and three-color plants, the petals of which are decorated with original patterns. Moreover, this feature gives them a special appeal and originality, because such patterns can be very diverse, looking like a border, eye and intricate figures. Carnation petals look no less original. In stores you can buy varieties with five petals, as well as hybrids with double flowers. The first carnation flowers bloom in the first weeks of summer and delight for a month.

To achieve the most beautiful flowering Turkish carnation, you need to choose the right site for planting, where should be fertile soil. Well-lit areas are a suitable place for growing, although it will not be a mistake to plant it in partial shade. In the absence of other options, Turkish cloves can be grown on sandy and loamy soils, but first you will have to fertilize them. The soil is fertilized immediately before planting, using compost or humus, ash, mineral fertilizers.

When digging a site for planting a Turkish carnation, it is enough to penetrate 25-30 cm deep. After that, the bed must be leveled and watered, if necessary. Then a dense fabric is laid over the beds and left in this state for two weeks. Next, you can start planting flowers.

Sow the seeds of Turkish cloves need in furrows up to 1.5 cm deep. Furrows should be made no closer than 15 cm from each other. After sowing, the furrows need to be watered and sprinkled on top with a layer of soil. Next, the earth needs to be lightly tamped. Additional watering is not required, you can limit yourself to shelter from thick fabric, which is kept until the first shoots appear.

You can sow clove seeds in spring or autumn. Moreover, in each case, the sowing of seeds is carried out according to the same scheme.

Turkish clove care

Let us recall once again that it is recommended to grow cloves in well-lit areas where there is fertile soil. However, this plant can easily die from the winter cold. First of all, it is dangerous for young plants. In addition, a serious danger to Turkish cloves is waterlogging and stagnant water.

Plants experience the most stress in early spring, since temperature fluctuations are often observed at this time of the year, since in daytime temperatures can reach summer levels, and frosts are common at night. To protect the carnation during this period, it is necessary to use a shelter made of spruce branches. The need for it disappears at the moment when it passes last wave frosts.

At the end of flowering, it is necessary to prune the stems and fertilize the soil. Such events trigger the formation of new shoots, which will allow wait for secondary bloom cloves, but this happens only in certain varieties. If you strictly follow the rules for growing Turkish cloves, then it will be able to delight with its bright buds for 6 years. Neglecting the rules for care can lead to the fact that after three years, and possibly even earlier, you will have to look for a replacement for her.

So that the plant does not feel the need for moisture, watering should be carried out at least 1-2 times a week. In dry years, the amount of watering is increased. It is necessary to water the carnation on the ground, avoiding drops of water on the flower. Otherwise, it will result in burns.

Fertilizer and top dressing Turkish cloves

Growing from Turkish clove seeds involves regular feeding.

• for the first time, fertilizers are applied at the moment when the plant reaches a height of 10 cm. For these purposes, a special solution is used, for the preparation of which you need 10 liters warm water dilute 1 tbsp. l. nitrophoska and 1 tbsp. l. "Agricola Forward";
• in the phase of bud formation, a second top dressing is carried out. As a fertilizer, a solution is used, for the preparation of which it is necessary to dilute 1 tbsp in 10 liters of water. l. potassium sulfate and the same amount of superphosphate;
• the third time fertilizers are applied at the flowering stage of the carnation. For this, the following solution is prepared: you need to take 1 tbsp. l. Fertilizers "Agricola for flowering plants and dilute in 10 liters of water.

Plant propagation

The main methods of reproduction of this perennial plant is an sowing seeds and using cuttings. In the latter case, the event can be successfully completed provided that a certain procedure is followed exactly:

You can get new Turkish carnation bushes cutting method. To do this, choose shoots on which inflorescences did not have time to form in the current season.

You can also plant bushes that have grown in open ground as a result of self-seeding. In this case, you do not have to special events, since it will suffice to choose appropriate place. But you need to keep in mind that self-sowing carnation seedlings usually do not retain the properties of the mother plant.

Diseases and pests of Turkish cloves

They want Turkish cloves and have such useful quality as disease resistance, some varieties may be affected by diseases spread by sucking insects. This risk is highest in southern regions growing this plant. The first signs of infection of this perennial plant are slow growth, the presence of mosaic color on the leaves, as well as their subsequent deformation. They fight these diseases by completely destroying infected bushes, which must be done in order to avoid the spread of the disease to neighboring bushes.

heterosporiosis

Separate types garden carnation can also be affected by heterosporiosis. Fungi cause this disease, as a result, small gray spots can be seen on the leaves and stems. In some cases, a red border may be present. Gradually, the spots acquire a lighter color, begin to merge.

Where clusters of spots, the flowers begin to thin, over time the leaves turn yellow and die. Given the high survivability of the fungus, even after the complete death of the plant, it is necessary to remove all residues, then spray neighboring bushes with Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride.

Spider mites and aphids

When grown outdoors from seeds, carnations can be attacked by pests such as spider mite and aphids.

• 1 kg is required for its preparation potato tops, which must be filled with 10 liters of water;
• then the mixture is infused for 1.5 days;
• before direct use, add one tablespoon of liquid soap to the tincture.

Carnation in combination with other plants

When growing cloves in flower beds, you can add others to it. ornamental plants. However, it is best to choose as neighbors sun-loving perennials. Turkish carnation feel good together with alpine aster, Carpathian bell and rudbeckia. What unites these perennials is that they have the same soil requirements, watering and lighting.

Conclusion

Growing a carnation is not a problem, because for last years specialists were able to accumulate a lot of knowledge about the features of its cultivation and care in the open field. And despite the fact that she does not deliver special trouble gardener, still need to consider certain rules and follow them. First of all, you need to prepare a suitable place for planting, because carnation grows well only on fertile soil.

Place for cloves should be well lit, and after planting, it is necessary to provide it with regular watering. In the process of growth, you need to constantly monitor the state of the carnation, because at the most unexpected moment it can be attacked by pests. Therefore, it is important here to quickly notice the changes and immediately begin to carry out the necessary measures.

Turkish carnation is especially popular with gardeners. She fell in love with them for her unpretentiousness, for long flowering, for the unusual, catchy color of flowers. Its cultivation does not require much effort, the main thing is to choose right place for sowing, fertilize in time.

Basic information about Turkish cloves

Turkish carnation - the Latin name Dianthus barbatus belongs to the clove family. Its homeland is the mountainous regions of Southern Europe.

Turkish carnation is grown as a biennial. In the first year, leaves and lush rosettes appear at the flower, and in the second year - colorful flowering.

There are two types of Turkish carnations: undersized - 15-20 cm and tall - up to 60-80 cm. Carnation flowers are monochromatic or variegated, which are collected in dense inflorescences with a diameter of 10-12 cm with a variety of colors: white, burgundy, dark red , pink, as well as two- and three-color colors - this is with eyes, strokes, strokes, etc.

The inflorescences of the carnation are simple, but at the same time unusually wonderful, as well as terry, which are populated with huge caps mainly by high carnation varieties.

You can grow Turkish cloves in flower beds, flower beds. Undersized varieties carnations are recommended to be planted in the foreground, behind them - taller flowers.

Growing turkish cloves from seeds

Growing Turkish cloves from seeds can be done in two ways: sowing seeds for seedlings, as well as in open ground.

When to sow seeds for seedlings?

Sowing seeds in the ground for seedlings should begin in March. Before you start sowing, you need to prepare the soil that is favorable for the rapid germination of seeds. The following composition is recommended: 2 parts of sod land + the same amount of peat + 1 part river sand. In order to disinfect the soil from all kinds of microbes, it must either be frozen or steamed.

Before pouring soil into containers, it is necessary to prepare drainage, make holes for water to drain. As soon as the containers are ready, the soil must be moistened, seeds sown, sprinkled with sand on top, covered with glass or film. Growing Turkish Cloves from Seeds

Watering should be moderate, optimum temperature for germination - + 18 ° С. After the shoots appear, it is better to remove the containers in a cooler (+ 12 ° C), but always bright place.

When the seedlings have real leaves, it should be dived, that is, it is necessary to transplant the seedlings into separate containers. As soon as the flower reaches the phase of 5 leaves, it must be pinched at the point of growth.

If April is relatively warm, then seedlings can be taken out on Fresh air but be sure to avoid drafts. This will help harden off the plant.

You can plant seedlings in open ground in May, when warm weather sets in. The distance between them should not be less than 30 cm.

Sowing seeds in open ground

Sowing seeds in open ground can be carried out in May - early June. In advance, about 15 days before sowing, it is necessary to prepare the soil. It must be dug up (about 20-25 cm), loosened, covered with a film so that the soil warms up properly.

Turkish carnation grows best on sunny place, however, it can bloom well in partial shade. In order for the flower to bloom magnificently and beautifully, the soil must be fertile. Any soil, be it clay or loam, is suitable for Turkish cloves, if only before you start digging, add 6-8 kg of humus or compost, as well as wood ash(200-300 g / 1 sq.m). It is also useful to add mineral fertilizers.

When the time comes for sowing, the film (covering material) is removed from the garden. Further, shallow grooves are made across the beds, about 1.5 cm deep with a distance of 15 cm. The grooves are spilled with water, then the seeds are sparsely sown, sprinkled with earth on top, lightly tamped with the palm of the hand. In order for seedlings to sprout faster, the bed should be covered with covering material.

At favorable conditions seedlings appear after 10 days, after 20 days - the seedlings are picked on a new bed. The distance between seedlings is at least 7-10 cm.

Turkish cloves can be sown before winter at the end of October. Here it must be remembered that the sowing of seeds in the fall must be carried out in dry soil (the grooves are not moistened). In addition, the seeds must be dry.

Turkish clove care

So that the carnation pleases with a riot of colors, abundant flowering, it must be weeded from weeds in time, fed and watered in a timely manner.

Watering carnations

The flower has a positive attitude to watering both before flowering and in the flowering phase. It is recommended to water 1-2 times a week, 12 liters of water per 1 sq.m. If the summer is hot, then watering should be monitored more closely. It must be remembered that the flower does not like very damp soil and it is very important not to overdo it with watering. The flower cannot be grown in low-lying places, where, as a rule, high humidity, he dies due to root rot. When watering a plant, you must try to direct the stream of water directly under the root.

AT spring time when the snow cover comes off, it is necessary to temporarily shade the plant, for example, with covering material, to protect it from sunburn.

When and what to feed?

Top dressing of cloves is carried out 3 times per season (1 spoon of fertilizer per 10 liters of water):

1st top dressing: when the carnation reaches 12 cm with mineral fertilizers;

2nd top dressing: during flowering with liquid fertilizers;

3rd top dressing: at the end of summer with potash-phosphorus fertilizers.

Protection against pests and fungal diseases

The danger to the Turkish carnation is represented by spider mites and aphids. To protect the plant from pests, as well as from fungal diseases, such as rust, fusarium, mottling, it is recommended to treat it with insecticide and fungicide.

The carnation is translated from Latin as "the flower of God". Historically, for the ancient Romans and Greeks, the carnation symbolized victory in bloody battles, and in America it became a symbol of motherly love and a gift for Mother's Day. After all, according to Christian legend, where the tears of the Virgin Mary fell during the execution of Jesus Christ, amazing flowers sprouted - carnations.

Turkish cloves were named for the similarity of their aroma with oriental spice - clove buds. There are two types: undersized (up to 20 cm) and tall (about 80 cm). The petals amaze with a richness of colors - from soft pink to carmine red with many inclusions and dashes. The flowers are collected in large inflorescences 10–12 cm in size. They are simple (up to 5 petals) and terry in the form of huge hats. Unlike, this type of flower is very well known to all summer residents and residents of private houses.

Turkish carnation - perennial culture, however, most gardeners prefer to grow it for two years. In the first year, a bush grows from leaves, in the second year flower stalks appear. Carnation fruits are small boxes with small black seeds.

Turkish carnation - growing from seeds

Growing from seeds is the most popular way to propagate this type of carnation. It is necessary to start sowing work in May, after the end of frosts. This flower prefers loamy and sandy fertile soil with low acidity. Before planting, the soil can be enriched with potash fertilizers without chlorine.

Two weeks before planting the seeds, the soil must be dug up to a depth of about 25 cm, loosened and covered with a film. At the time of planting, even grooves are made at a distance of at least 15 cm and watered with non-cold water. Seeds are best planted shallow, leaving an interval of up to 2 cm between them.

After planting, the ground is lightly pressed with a hand or a board and covered nonwoven fabric or glass. It is possible to observe the emergence of seedlings in 8-10 days. The covering material is removed, and after 20 days the plants are picked. It is best to carry it out in the evening or on cloudy days, protecting young crops from sunburn. In August, flowers are planted in their places of permanent residence.

Care rules - how to please a Turkish beauty?

Turkish flower loves light and warmth, but grows well in partial shade. It will look most spectacular among boulders and stones, so it is a frequent guest in rockeries. Water both young flowers and two-year-olds should be 1-2 times a week. The soil should be moist, but not waterlogged, to avoid root rot. Watering is carried out at the roots so that the sun's rays do not damage the leaves and flowers of the plant.

For the winter, the soil should be mulched with peat or pine bark humus. For proper development and bright colors, the presence of nitrogen and its compounds is dangerous. Then it is advisable to cover the carnation planting sites with spruce branches.

In the spring, when the snow melts, it is important to protect young shoots from the sun. It is better to cover the bed with sunscreen until the shoots are 10-12 cm in height.

It was then that the first fertilizing of plants with nitrogen was carried out. When buds appear on the flowers, the soil is fertilized a second time with potassium sulfate and superphosphates. Turkish carnation flowers bloom in June-July and delight our eyes long time. Some remontant varieties may re-bloom in autumn.

When landscape designers create another project Alpine slide, and florists collect luxurious plant compositions, then both of them are among the first decorations to remember carnations. There are endless varieties of these wonderful flowers. They are diverse in colors and unpretentious in care, they retain freshness for quite a long time after cutting, and how they enliven the landscape cannot be expressed in any words. One of the representatives of this flower brotherhood is the Turkish carnation, which we will talk about growing from seeds today.

Turkish cloves: varieties and types

But before we talk about how to grow Turkish cloves on your site, let's get acquainted with this. amazing flower closer. The second name of this type of carnation is the bearded carnation. Near the flowers, she has leaves serrated along the edges, very similar to a small beard. The Mediterranean is considered the birthplace of the plant. It propagates both by cuttings and seeds and is considered a biennial. In the first year, the Turkish carnation produces rosettes of bright green leaves, and in the second year in June-July it blooms with a bright motley carpet creeping along the ground.

I would like to say separately about the flowers of the Turkish carnation. They can be either plain from white to burgundy, or whimsically colorful, like a flock of exotic butterflies or a fancy flying carpet. oriental tale. And each time from the seeds of the same variety, you can get completely new unexpected colors. Growing Turkish cloves from seed is fun and not at all difficult, and now you will see for yourself.

How to grow Turkish cloves from seeds?

As mentioned above, Turkish cloves can be propagated both by cuttings and seeds. Cuttings allow you to completely repeat the color and pattern of the previous generation, and growing from seeds allows you to get something new every time. And the second variant of carnation propagation gives rich soil for landscape design, even if the owner of the site considers herself a newbie in this business.

It must also be said that Turkish carnation can grow both in open sunny and shaded places. However, the soil in both cases should be light and consist of sand, leaf humus and peat soil in approximately equal proportions. Sowing seeds of Turkish cloves is carried out at a distance of at least 15 cm, because this plant can grow strongly in the future, and it will not have enough nutrient surface.

By the way, when the carnation grows, it will completely crowd out the weeds, so you don’t have to weed it. The depth to which the seeds should be drowned during planting is no more than 1-1.5 cm. After that, the bed is well watered and covered with a film. If the seedlings are too dense, they can be thinned out or transplanted to more sparse places.

When is the best time to sow Turkish cloves?

As for the question of when it is better to sow Turkish cloves, there are two options. The first is to sow in the spring, in May, and in August, shoot young plants for permanent place residence. And the second is to sow the seeds before winter in October. In the winter version, planting follows the same scenario as the spring one, only the grooves with seeds are not watered. In the spring, the seeds sown before winter will sprout, and in June-July, young carnations can be picked.

Further care for Turkish cloves

If the soil on your site is loose, light and fertile, then all care for carnation plantings will be reduced to a single top dressing in May and periodic minimum watering of plants under the root. In general, they tolerate drought perfectly, but from excessive dampness they can get sick with root rot and die. So in this case it is better to underfill than to swamp.

To make the carnations bloom longer, cut off the shoots with the flowering clusters. The plant will "think" that it is necessary to give birth to seeds, and flowering will resume. If the seed boxes are not cut off, then the flower garden will renew itself and in the future will delight you with new combinations of patterns and colors.

Carnation bearded, she is Turkish, a few decades ago, bloomed in almost every garden. Today it's not the best fashion flower. Perhaps the decline in popularity is due to the reputation of "simple". Modern sophisticated flower growers strive to outdo each other with the ability to grow exotic orchids or luxurious cascading petunias. And yet, for neophytes with poor experience in floriculture, Turkish carnation is a real find. In the article we will talk about the cultivation of Turkish cloves, we will give a description of the varieties.

Botanical features and varieties

The history of the origin of the name carnation

The species Dianthus barbatus was cultivated back in the Middle Ages, and the Turkish carnation received its scientific name in the 18th century from Carl Linnaeus himself. The great Swedish naturalist took two Greek words- "Di" and "anthus" - and combined them into one. "Di" (Diy) is one of the names of Zeus in Hellenic mythology. "Anthus" means "flower". So, in the blink of an eye, a simple biennial turns into a divine “flower of Zeus”.

However, as a biennial, Turkish cloves are grown only in temperate latitudes. In the south, it exhibits the qualities of a perennial, and in the north, an annual. Such plasticity and the ability to bloom in any climatic conditions made the "flower of Zeus" popular not only in Europe, but also on other continents.

In England, Turkish cloves are called "sweet William". Its flowers are edible and suitable for making liqueurs.

Turkish cloves - herbaceous plant with a knotted stem. Sheet plates sessile, opposite, lanceolate. The inflorescence is a complex umbrella, up to 10 cm in diameter. The flowers are five-petalled, with a fringed edge, small, of various colors. Today, through the efforts of Russian and foreign breeders, many varieties of Turkish cloves have been bred. Some of the most interesting:

1. "Little Willie" Border variety, only 15-20 cm high. The variability of colors is very large, the inflorescences are dense, do not fall apart. Can be grown as a pot culture. Of the additional advantages - excellent frost resistance and versatility of use.
2. "Noverna the ClownF1″. A hybrid that grows in lush compact bushes, which makes it look great in flowerpots. Each flower in the inflorescence has its own color. Flowering is long. There are only two drawbacks to this hybrid: the high cost of seeds and insufficient frost resistance.
3. "Nigracans". Drought-resistant and frost-resistant Altai variety. Forms dense caps of royal dark cherry color. Interesting feature: the leaves, as the plant “growing up”, change color from green to burgundy, and this carnation begins to solo in the flower bed.
4. "Undine". A flower of a very rare purple-black color with a white border, can be considered an achievement of the breeders of the Poisk agricultural company. Suitable for two-tone contrasting mixborders. Long does not wither in the cut.
5. "DynastyF1″. Hybrid series of terry Turkish carnations. Low (25-30 cm) bushes grow to a habitus diameter of 40-50 cm. They look great in flowerpots, are able to bloom in the first year, are frost-resistant.

Growing Turkish Cloves from Seeds

Carnation "Nigrikans" in the first year of life performs "in the corps de ballet", shading other flowers, and in the second year takes on the main role.

AT middle lane In Russia, it is customary to sow Turkish cloves immediately in open ground. special meaning there are no seedlings in growing, since the plant is unpretentious and calmly tolerates frosts. A big plus of the Turkish carnation is that it does not require attention to itself in the most difficult time for gardeners-gardeners - in the spring.

This is done simply:

1. The bed is cleared of plant residues and loosened.
2. A groove 1 cm deep is pressed through with a long bar and it is well watered from a watering can.
3. Seeds are sown in a groove, sprinkled with soil and watered. From above, the grooves are mulched with peat so that a crust does not form.

Summer sowing of Turkish carnation saves time, acreage and allows you to admire the flowering next year.

Subsequently, you need to keep an eye on the moisture content of the soil. Shoots appear, as a rule, in a week and a half. Turkish cloves are kept on the distribution bed until the end of summer. During this time, the seedlings are thinned out twice so that in the end the distance between the seedlings is at least 20 cm. The grown plants are planted in a permanent place in rows or curtains, leaving an interval of 30 to 40 cm between them, depending on the variety.

Tip #1 Potted forms of Turkish cloves can be sown at once in a container of several seeds. As they grow, the extra ones are removed or transplanted, leaving one plant in the pot.

AT northern regions, where there is no guarantee of a normal wintering of the Turkish carnation, it is grown as an annual. In this case, seedlings are indispensable. Read also the article: → "". Seeds are sown in boxes, moistened and covered with glass. At a temperature of + 18-20⁰С, they quickly germinate.

Young carnations need to provide additional lighting. You should not count on the light from the window: in winter, and even in the north, it is too small for the development of healthy plants. Turkish carnation is shade-tolerant, but even it needs 2000 to 2500 lux. For comparison:

Thus, when growing seedlings of Turkish carnation in winter, a good fitolamp is necessary. The second condition is space. Plants need to be thinned out, and at the age of one month dive into separate pots. Bushes are planted in a permanent place in the spring, after the onset of constant positive temperatures, without the threat of return frosts. Before planting, the seedlings are hardened. Turkish carnation grown from seedlings will bloom in the first year.

Vegetative propagation of cloves

If you do not interfere with the Turkish carnation to multiply by self-sowing, it can grow in one place as much as you like, like a perennial.

Sometimes Turkish cloves are propagated not by seeds, but by cuttings. This method is good if you want to get a plant with exactly the same characteristics as the mother plant. With seed propagation, this is not always possible. Flowers grown from collected seeds can give out completely unpredictable colors.

Cuttings are cut from biennial vegetative plants in June. In a shaded place, a school is formed with fertile, moist soil. Cuttings are planted in it at an angle of 45⁰ and covered with cropped plastic bottles without cover. Cuttings take root in about 3 weeks.

Another way vegetative propagation suitable for the "flower of Zeus" - layering. In June, the stems of a two-year-old carnation are laid on the ground and pressed with a metal bracket. The place of fixing is added dropwise with moist soil. Rooting in this way occurs in 1.5 months.

Turkish Carnation Care

Turkish carnation does not require particularly complex care measures. The procedures are standard - watering, weeding, top dressing, pruning.

Event	Spring	Summer	Autumn
Watering	As long as the soil is saturated with moisture, additional watering is not required.	As the soil dries up. In the presence of a thick layer of mulch, watering will be needed only in drought.	Young plants are watered on warm days as needed.
pruning	—	After flowering is complete.	—
Weeding	As needed.	As needed.	As needed.
top dressing	organic fertilizers	In the budding phase - 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate and potassium sulfate per 10 liters of water. In the flowering phase - "Agricola for flowering plants" according to the instructions.	Young plants after transplantation - phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.

Tip #2 Turkish cloves do not like waterlogging. In damp soil, she becomes ill with fusarium. Watering should be appropriate.

What fertilizer to use for cloves?

With Turkish clove fertilizer, you do not need to be too zealous. However, she will gratefully respond to top dressing with modern complexes for flowering plants.

A drug	Description
"Fertika Flower"	Suitable for all garden flowers. Activates budding, prolongs flowering. It is applied dry.
"Fertika Autumn"	Helps perennials prepare for wintering. It is applied dry when transplanting cloves to a permanent place.
"Agricola for flowering plants"