When is the best time to sow Turkish cloves. Turkish carnation: growing from seeds

In most of our gardens you can find bright, multi-colored, patterned profusely blooming flower- Turkish cloves (Dianthus barbatus). Its neat variegated bushes look especially impressive on lawn compositions in combination with decorative grass or other types of Turkish cloves themselves.

Did you know? Turkish carnation not only beautiful in appearance, but also has an alluring, subtle, spicy smell.

A little about Turkish cloves

Turkish carnation has the following description: it is a decorative biennial or perennial flower with densely flowering spherical inflorescences various shades. Petals are delicate, simple or double. The color of the petals is the most diverse - there are monochromatic species, and there are combinations of 3-4 shades. The color of the inflorescences is white, pink-white, raspberry-red, white-dark pink, white-gray-pink, white-purple, raspberry-white, red-burgundy, purple-white, burgundy-black, etc.

Important! In full force, the Turkish carnation blooms only in the second year after planting. In the first year, the plant takes root and grows basal foliage.

Leaves- narrow long lanceolate, with a characteristic green-blue tint. Stem- upright, strong, with fine knotting. In height, the Turkish carnation is undersized - up to 14-15 cm in height, and tall - 45-55 cm and even up to 65-70 cm in height.

Choosing a place to grow Turkish cloves

The plant is unpretentious and does not require any specific conditions for growing. Turkish carnation is equally suitable for growing in the garden, as well as in a flower bed or in a large open flower garden. The only thing is that the flower does not like strong sun, and it is recommended to plant it so that in the afternoon the plant is in partial shade. Although Turkish cloves grow well in our climate and tolerate summer heat and direct sunlight. It is desirable to plant a plant on a certain hill, in an area where rainwater will not stagnate.

Soil preparation before planting

Turkish carnation is one of the few flowers for which the soil, or rather its composition, does not matter much. But he loves sandy and sandy loamy soils with slightly alkaline or neutral acidity. It is better, of course, if the soil is fertile, and if not, you can additionally fertilize it with organic matter or mineral fertilizers. The main thing is that the soil is well drained and there is no stagnant water. 2-3 weeks before sowing, the site is dug up to a depth of 20-25 cm, and then carefully leveled. If necessary, when digging, fertilizers are applied - it can be both mineral fertilizers and compost, humus, wood ash.

Sowing seeds of Turkish cloves in open ground

There are two periods when you can sow Turkish cloves in open ground- early spring and mid-autumn. Front spring planting seeds, usually this is the middle - the end of April, the soil is loosened and moistened. Lay grooves 1-1.5 cm deep, water the recesses with water, sow the seeds, sprinkle with earth and water from a watering can with a sprayer. Or they water the seeds themselves in the hole, sprinkle them, but do not water, but cover thick cloth or film before germination. The distance between seeds is 1.5-2 cm, the distance between rows is at least 13-15 cm.

How to plant Turkish clove seeds - soak them or not? Seeds can be soaked in water for several hours before planting. room temperature, but you may not. If you still soaked, then, after draining the water, you need to slightly dry the seeds with a towel, napkin, so that they do not stick together when sowing. In winter, the plant is sown in late September - early October.

Important! Turkish carnation, when grown from seeds in autumn, has one feature - neither the seeds nor the ground are wetted with water. Sow seeds completely without watering in dry soil.

Autumn crops for the winter, warming, cover with spruce branches, straw, hay, which are removed in the spring.

Combination with other plants

Turkish carnation is combined with almost all perennial unpretentious flowers and herbs. Suitable for alpine slides, street planters, creating multi-color complex compositions in gardens and flower beds, decorating verandas and balconies. Looks great in a bouquet and is often used as a vase flower.

Did you know? Turkish carnation blooms for a long time - it decorates a garden or flower bed for up to 28-30 days.

Turkish Carnation Care

Turkish carnation is not capricious, hardy, and caring for her, in general, is simple - picking, weeding, proper watering. After sowing, germination occurs in 10-14 days. After 3 weeks, the grown shoots dive (in evening time), leaving a distance between them of no more than 5-7 cm. After slightly moistening the soil, you can again cover the sprouts with a film or cloth for several days. After sowing seeds and before germination, the soil must be constantly moistened. Next, water the seedlings as the soil dries.

Watering, weeding and loosening the soil

Water the plant only as needed. Both young crops of Turkish cloves and adult plants fall ill and die from constant dampness.

Important! Excess moisture detrimental to growing and adult plants. Watering Turkish cloves should always be moderate.

Weeding is done if necessary, removing weeds and carrying out shallow loosening of the soil. Loosen the soil also after each watering and top dressing with fertilizers.

When and how to feed

Top dressing of Turkish cloves is carried out to accelerate growth and amicable, abundant flowering. You can start fertilizing sprouts that have reached a height of 8-10 cm. Superphosphate, potassium sulfate or universal top dressing are used for this. flowering plants. Once again, Turkish cloves are fed at the very beginning of flowering when buds appear. Dosages of all nutritional preparations - according to their instructions.

Shelter for the winter

After the plant has faded, it is cut off - the inflorescences are cut off and the bush itself is shortened a little (by 5-7 cm). And in the fall, before the onset of frost, cover with spruce branches or sprinkle with peat, hay, straw for insulation.

Did you know? Popular varieties of Turkish carnations - "Scarlet Beauty", "Black", "White Queen", "Bayer", "Diabunda-F1", "Indian Carpet", "Summer Fantasy", "Nigrikans", "Noverna F1", "Noverna -Clown-F1", "Little Willie", "Egyptian", "Mirage", "Undine", "Dynasty-F1", "Purple Mountain", "Color Pattern".

Diseases and pests of Turkish cloves

Turkish cloves, like any other plant, are subject to some pests and diseases. The main enemy is root rot (Fusariosis), which occurs due to the dampness of the soil. If the plant is sick, then it is uprooted and burned, and the place is treated with a garden fungicide disinfectant. There is also such fungal disease Turkish carnation, as heterosporiosis - gray-red spotted leaf lesions. At the first sign, diseased plants are destroyed, and healthy ones are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid,

The carnation is translated from Latin as "the flower of God". Historically, for the ancient Romans and Greeks, the carnation symbolized victory in bloody battles, and in America it became a symbol of motherly love and a gift for Mother's Day. After all, according to Christian legend, where the tears of the Virgin Mary fell during the execution of Jesus Christ, amazing flowers sprouted - carnations.

Turkish cloves were named for the similarity of their aroma with oriental spice - clove buds. There are two types: undersized (up to 20 cm) and tall (about 80 cm). The petals amaze with a richness of colors - from soft pink to carmine red with many inclusions and dashes. The flowers are collected in large inflorescences 10–12 cm in size. They are simple (up to 5 petals) and terry in the form of huge hats. Unlike, this type of flower is very well known to all summer residents and residents of private houses.

Turkish carnation - perennial culture, however, most gardeners prefer to grow it for two years. In the first year, a bush grows from leaves, in the second year flower stalks appear. Carnation fruits are small boxes with small black seeds.

Turkish carnation - growing from seeds

Growing from seeds is the most popular way to propagate this type of carnation. It is necessary to start sowing work in May, after the end of frosts. This flower prefers loamy and sandy loamy fertile soil with low acidity. Before planting, the soil can be enriched with potash fertilizers without chlorine.

Two weeks before planting the seeds, the soil must be dug up to a depth of about 25 cm, loosened and covered with a film. At the time of planting, even grooves are made at a distance of at least 15 cm and watered with non-cold water. Seeds are best planted shallow, leaving an interval of up to 2 cm between them.

After planting, the ground is lightly pressed with a hand or a board and covered nonwoven fabric or glass. It is possible to observe the emergence of seedlings in 8-10 days. The covering material is removed, and after 20 days the plants are picked. It is best to carry it out in the evening or on cloudy days, protecting young crops from sunburn. In August, flowers are planted in their places of permanent residence.

Care rules - how to please a Turkish beauty?

Turkish flower loves light and warmth, but grows well in partial shade. It will look most spectacular among boulders and stones, so it is a frequent guest in rockeries. Water both young flowers and two-year-olds should be 1-2 times a week. The soil should be moist, but not waterlogged, to avoid root rot. Watering is carried out at the roots so that the sun's rays do not damage the leaves and flowers of the plant.

For the winter, the soil should be mulched with peat or pine bark humus. For proper development and bright colors, the presence of nitrogen and its compounds is dangerous. Then it is advisable to cover the carnation planting sites with spruce branches.

In the spring, when the snow melts, it is important to protect young shoots from the sun. It is better to cover the bed with sunscreen until the shoots are 10-12 cm in height.

It was then that the first fertilizing of plants with nitrogen was carried out. When buds appear on the flowers, the soil is fertilized a second time with potassium sulfate and superphosphates. Turkish carnation flowers bloom in June-July and delight our eyes long time. Some remontant varieties may re-bloom in autumn.

One of better ways beautifully decorate your garden or country cottage area- plant a Turkish carnation on it. These delicate inflorescences collected in corollas have a surprisingly bright color, which will certainly create a festive atmosphere. If this ornamental plant already grows on your site, but you want to increase its number, you can use the cutting method.

Turkish carnation comes in white, pink, purple, red and burgundy. There are a lot of varieties, they all differ in the color of the petals, the method of cultivation and the length of the stems. Growing a flower at home is quite easy, even a novice florist can handle this task. Excellent Turkish carnation is also suitable for decorating bouquets. She looks great in compositions.

There are two main types:

undersized;
Tall.

Undersized ones reach no more than 12-15 cm in length. And tall ones can grow up to 60-80 cm in length. It also differs in the color of the petals. They can be white, red, burgundy, purple, and all shades of pink. Most often, there are two-color or three-color. The inflorescence can be either simple, consisting of a small number of petals, or terry and stuffed. As a rule, one flower consists of five petals.

The leaves are light green in color and are located along the length of the entire stem. In addition, they form a basal rosette. One more characteristic feature this ornamental plant is its pleasant aroma. It is especially strong in white specimens.

Varieties of Turkish cloves

The most common varieties of Turkish cloves are:

Diadem - bushes up to 45 cm high with shoots and leaves of dark green with a red tint and dark red nodes. Dark carmine flowers with a large white eye and petals serrated along the edge are collected in an inflorescence up to 10 cm in diameter;
Scarlet Beauty - bushes 45-50 cm high with dark green leaves and shoots and bright red flowers up to 23 mm in diameter with serrated petals along the edge;
Heimatland - bushes up to 50 cm high with shoots and leaves of dark green with a dark red tint. The flowers are dark red, up to 2 cm in diameter, with an eye and petals deeply serrated along the edge. Inflorescences in this variety with a diameter of up to 12 cm;
Lahskenigin - a variety about 45 cm high with large inflorescences of salmon-pink flowers;
Schneebal is a white Turkish carnation up to 40 cm high with green leaves and shoots. Terry flowers with jagged edges of petals are collected in inflorescences up to 11 cm in diameter;
Weiss Risen - bushes up to half a meter high with green leaves and shoots and white flowers up to 25 mm in diameter, collected in inflorescences up to 12 cm in diameter;
Kupferrot - bushes up to half a meter high with dark green leaves and shoots and copper-red flowers up to 22 mm in diameter with jagged edges. Inflorescences reach a diameter of 9-10 cm;
Egyptian - a variety up to 60 cm high with narrow burgundy leaves and catchy maroon flowers with a white border;
Undine - this variety has purple flowers with a white center and a white border.

Planting Turkish clove seeds

It is important to adhere correct sequence and with responsibility to approach the execution of each stage. Start by preparing the soil. Growing Turkish cloves involves two ways:

seeds are planted directly into the ground during May-June;
for seedlings during March-April.

Growing Turkish Cloves from Seeds

There is no particular point in growing Turkish carnation seedlings, since the plant is unpretentious and calmly tolerates frosts. A big plus of the Turkish carnation is that it does not require attention to itself in the most difficult time for gardeners-gardeners - in the spring.

It can be sown in summer, in late June or early July. At this time, everything else is already growing with might and main, and something has even been harvested: lettuce, kohlrabi cabbage, radish, spinach, etc. It is on these vacated places that a distribution bed for Turkish cloves is arranged.

This is done simply:

The bed is cleared of plant residues and loosened.
A groove 1 cm deep is pressed through with a long bar and it is well watered from a watering can.
Seeds are sown in a groove, sprinkled with soil and watered. From above, the grooves are mulched with peat so that a crust does not form.

Subsequently, you need to keep an eye on the moisture content of the soil. Shoots appear, as a rule, in a week and a half. Turkish cloves are kept on the distribution bed until the end of summer. During this time, the seedlings are thinned out twice so that in the end the distance between the seedlings is at least 20 cm. The grown plants are planted on permanent place rows or curtains, leaving between them an interval of 30 to 40 cm, depending on the variety.

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Sowing Turkish cloves

If you decide to grow Turkish cloves seedling way, then sowing is carried out in March or early April in a substrate previously disinfected with a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate. The substrate is prepared from sand and leaf humus in equal parts. Instead of sand, you can take vermiculite. As a container, boxes or containers can be suitable, which must be washed before use. hot water with soda. A layer of drainage is laid at the bottom of the container, and a wet substrate is placed on top.

Turkish clove seeds are sown to a depth of 1 cm, spreading them at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. The crops are covered with loose white paper and kept at a temperature of 16-18 ºC, from time to time moistening the substrate from a spray bottle with water at room temperature.

Features of planting Turkish carnations in open ground

Planting young plants on the site should be carried out at intervals of five to seven centimeters between individual seedlings. After the plants grow up to one and a half months of age, it is worth removing the shelter from them. And in especially strong heat, it is better to get rid of it earlier, but to build a fabric canopy over the plantings to shade them in the very sun. After all, young Turkish carnation plants can die from excessive heat.

That is why many flower growers recommend planting well-grown seedlings in the garden only in the month of August, when the sun is no longer so hot. Sometimes such manipulations are performed even in early September. But in this case, the plant does not need to be excessively moistened, and if there is a threat of near cold weather, it is worthwhile to properly insulate the soil near the seedlings with leaves and grass, or with special covering materials.

It is best to grow Turkish cloves in those parts of the garden that are in natural shading and are not blown by the winds. Such a plant feels good near tall perennials.

For the winter, young plants need to be mulched with peat or humus (the optimal thickness of the mulch is eight to ten centimeters), and also covered with spruce branches. In the spring, the shelter must be removed after the start of active growth, but shading should be organized.

Turkish carnation is not a very fussy plant that can be easily grown from seeds.

Turkish clove care

Carnation unpretentious flower and care is required mainly by young specimens:

Watering. The plant does not like abundant watering. The exception is hot weather. Optimal rate per 1 sq. m 12 liters of water. Overwatering can lead to the development of root rot. Water should not fall on flowering buds. The normal condition of the soil is slightly moist, slightly dry. Adult specimens do not require watering.
Carnation responds well to top dressing. It is better to use complex mixtures containing potassium. An excess of nitrogen supplements can lead to the development of diseases. The first top dressing with mineral fertilizers is needed for a seedling 10 cm high. The second fertilization will be required already at the time of setting the buds. The last top dressing is the flowering of the bush. All fertilizers must be applied strictly according to the instructions so that the plant does not get burned.
Diseases. Help prevent flower infections preventive measures. Treat young specimens with insecticidal preparations. Sometimes, pests called nematodes attack - these are roundworms that can infect any part of the plant. In the fight against it, use fungicides. Treat plants in the evening. Carriers of fungal diseases are neighbors. It is undesirable to plant bushes with syris, hyacinths, gladioli. At viral disease flowers are transplanted to another place, and infected flowers are destroyed.
Faded buds should be removed to encourage future flowering.

This graceful and fragrant flower known since the time Ancient Greece, even Theophrastus called it "the flower of Zeus." Many nations have folded beautiful legends. However, in them this flower is often associated with rather sad events: the rage of the goddess Artemis, plague and pestilence. And in our country, the carnation has become one of the symbols of victory in the Great Patriotic War.

Despite such a complex history, gardeners, breeders and collectors dearly love cloves, a vast field of activity for which is provided by a huge number of its species, hybrids and varieties.

Choosing a place and soil for planting carnations

Almost all types of cloves prefer sunny places, but put up with penumbra. When planted in the sun, the plant will be more compact, the color of flowers and leaves will be brighter, but the flowering period will be reduced. Most types of carnation prefer neutral or slightly alkaline, moderately fertilized light soil.

Particular attention should be paid to the moisture permeability of the soil - waterlogging for cloves is highly undesirable, as well as water close to the soil surface. In the fall, rotted ones are brought in for digging (fresh cloves are harmful).

Carnation propagation

Seed and vegetative (cuttings and layering), dividing the bush, reproduction of a few species is possible, so gardeners practically do not use this method. Annual and biennial species are most often propagated by seeds, others by cuttings.

cuttings

Work is carried out in May-June. Shoots of the current year with 4-5 internodes (without flowers) are suitable for cuttings. The lower 2 pairs of leaves are removed, the internode is cut lengthwise to a depth of 1-2 mm. Before planting, the incised section of the stem can be further treated with a root formation stimulator.

Planted in a pre-prepared substrate from ordinary soil, and taken in a ratio of 2: 2: 1. Then the stalk is watered, covered (creating a greenhouse effect) with a film, a jar, and so on. Once a day, the shelter is removed for ventilation. After about 17-20 days, young roots form on the cutting.

layering

Reproduction by layering is the easiest way: the shoot is bent to the ground, pinned (or pressed with a stone), covered with soil from above, moistening it regularly. After rooting the shoot young plant separated from the mother and planted in a permanent place.

Sowing for seedlings

The sowing time is calculated individually, taking into account:

the growing season of a particular variety;
the time of planting seedlings in open ground.

Sow in a soil mixture prepared from soddy land, humus and sand, taken in equal proportions. The seeds are sprinkled with soil (2-3 mm), the crops are moistened with a spray gun, covered with agro-fabric so that the soil does not dry out. After the emergence of seedlings, the shelter is removed. At the stage of 2-3 leaves, seedlings dive into separate pots. After about a week, you can start feeding with complex mineral fertilizers. Seedlings are planted in open ground at a distance of 15-20 cm, watered, planting sites are mulched.

carnation care

How many cultivated plants, cloves should be regularly freed from weeds, watered, and also fed with humus and complex mineral fertilizer during growth and flowering. Be sure to delete withered flowers, leaving the stem no more than 10-12 cm. Species and varieties with thin long stems must be tied to supports.

Popular types of cloves

Carnation flowers can be annuals or perennials. There are over 300 various kinds, many of them can be seen in our gardens.

Distributed in the European part of Russia. The height of the bush is about 15 cm, the flowers are white and lilac color. Renew the plant every 3 years, as this species is a minor.

It can be propagated by sowing in open ground in spring or, while flowering occurs in the second year. Winter-hardy. Suitable for landing on a hill.

This perennial species I have been growing for many years, propagated by seeds. In May, I sow them immediately in open ground, cover with foil. After germination: low temperatures I leave the shelter at night, and take it off in the morning. I have undersized varieties- up to 15 cm. Chinese carnation is most often grown as an annual, because the most abundant flowering She has it in her first year. The period from sowing to flowering is quite short - 2-3 months.

Gardeners have common varieties obtained from the Hedwig variety (var. Heddewigii), hybrids of Chinese and bearded carnations.

IN northern latitudes in snowy winters Chinese carnation poorly preserved.

bearded carnation(Turkish)
Refers to biennials. Valued for high frost resistance and unpretentiousness. Grows in shade and full sun, suitable for cutting. Simple and double flowers all shades of pink, red and burgundy flowers are collected in fragrant corymbose inflorescences.

It reproduces well by layering.

carnation grass
The flowers of this variety are small, simple, but there are many of them, thanks to which the grass looks great in any garden. It reaches a height of 40 cm, blooms from mid to late summer. A definite plus is high winter hardiness: without shelter it can withstand up to -40 ° C.

They are planted in March - early April directly into the ground, the planting distance is about 10 cm. The plant needs to be updated every 3 years.

Carnation Shabo
It belongs to biennials, but is often grown as an annual. Differs in large (4-7 cm) flowers (simple and double). Most often grown as a cut crop, but it will adequately decorate any flower bed - the color of the petals of Shabo is of a wide variety of colors and shades.

In terry varieties, the edges of the petals are elegantly corrugated or effectively dissected.

This is not all varieties of carnations! There are magnificent wild-growing species: Fischer's carnation, Borbash's, Lush's, Knapp's, Hill's, Carthusian's. Plus many more great hybrids. Among all the abundance, you are sure to find a carnation to your liking for your garden. Good luck growing, folks!