Which green manure is best for tomatoes. The benefits of using green manure when growing tomatoes

Growing features

• And finally, the use of green manure fertilizes the soil very well. This is especially true when growing demanding vegetables such as bell peppers, tomatoes and cucumbers. Sideration is rightfully considered a worthy replacement for our usual manure. So, for example, if you sow ordinary beans three times in a row, then this will be equivalent to a one-time fertilizer with manure. By the way, replacing manure with green manure significantly reduces the risk of soil contamination in the greenhouse. It's no secret that along with manure, you can easily bring in the larvae of the May beetle, and wireworms, and various viral and bacterial pests.

• Cruciferous. For green manure in greenhouses, the following cruciferous plants are used: mustard, incl. English, oilseed radish, winter rape, colza. By the way, mustard not only evicts weeds from the territory of the greenhouse, but also disinfects the soil. Planting mustard seeds can be done not only in a greenhouse.

  When can green manure be planted in a greenhouse in spring?

  If you plant mustard in a potato field, this will reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers;

Siderata for tomatoes

Siderates have recently become increasingly popular among gardeners. With their help, it is possible to improve the fertility of the soil and its structure. This method applies to organic farming when application mineral fertilizers reduced to a minimum or even to zero.

Siderates for tomatoes

Under late crops, which include tomatoes, cold-resistant siderates are sown, sowing them begins in the spring in a greenhouse or under a film, and in May, holes are made between siderates, where seedlings are planted.

Since green manure for tomatoes is sown in a greenhouse in early spring, by the time the tomato seedlings are planted, it grows so much that it can be cut at the root and leave this green mass in the garden. It will protect the earth from solar overheating, and seedlings from possible night frosts.

The best siderata for tomatoes are legumes, as well as rye, oats, wheat, clover, alfalfa, mustard and rapeseed. By the way, green manure for tomatoes can be sown not only in spring, but also in autumn, that is, before winter. Winter crops are suitable for this - rye, clover and alfalfa. They will sprout in the fall, winter under the snow, and in the spring they will quickly grow green mass.

During the winter sowing of green manure, they are mowed in April, they dig up the bed to a shallow depth, turning the plants upside down. Eventually upper layer The soil is loose and the seedlings take root in it very well. Its roots breathe, water is absorbed very easily, and gradually decomposing green manure roots serve as top dressing for tomatoes throughout the summer.

As a result, you have a balanced diet without any chemistry, overdose and harm. If the soil for tomatoes requires preliminary improvement, you need to add ash to it and pour it with potassium permanganate. After that, sow mustard, legumes or rapeseed - these green manure kill fungi and viruses that have accumulated in the ground.

What you need to know about siderates?

Always carefully approach the choice of a particular plant as a green manure. So, it is unacceptable to plant green manure and cultivated plants belonging to the same family. This will lead to the reproduction of pests and the defeat of the same diseases.

It is also impossible to delay mowing green manure, as you may encounter complications, such as ripening of seeds and the formation of a too powerful root system that will “clog” the roots of a vegetable crop. Late mowing leads to contamination of the site, erratic plant growth and other troubles.

Green manure in the greenhouse in autumn

Siderats are auxiliary plants that need to be sown simultaneously with the main cultivated crops, or in the off-season after harvest. The cultivation of such capricious vegetables as tomatoes, eggplants and bell peppers requires considerable effort from the gardener.

Growing features

Due to their properties, green manure can perform functions that significantly reduce other labor costs for caring for your favorite varieties of vegetables:

• Soil enrichment with nitrogen. Basically they do it leguminous plants such as alfalfa, peas, beans and others. Thanks to the bacteria living at the roots of these plants, the soil is enriched with atmospheric nitrogen, which vegetables cannot absorb from the air;
• Since many green manure have a developed root system, they loosen the ground in the greenhouse perfectly. Water penetrates better into the soil into which green manure is sown, and aeration improves in it. This is due to the fact that the dead roots of these plants form additional porosity in the ground. The powerful root system of some plant species delivers to the upper layers of the soil those substances that the grown vegetables cannot reach. Due to the fact that plants, as a rule, are annuals, they do not have time to sow greenhouse soil;
• Another very important property green manure plants is the ability to suppress the growth of weeds. This is due to the fact that these plants have active growth and have developed roots that compete well with weed roots;
• And finally, the use of green manure fertilizes the soil very well. This is especially true when growing demanding vegetables such as bell peppers, tomatoes and cucumbers. Sideration is rightfully considered a worthy replacement for our usual manure.

  What are the benefits of green manure in a greenhouse: 5 pluses

  So, for example, if you sow ordinary beans three times in a row, then this will be equivalent to a one-time fertilizer with manure. By the way, replacing manure with green manure significantly reduces the risk of soil contamination in the greenhouse. It's no secret that along with manure, you can easily bring in the larvae of the May beetle, and wireworms, and various viral and bacterial pests.

Crops that can be sown for greenhouse green manure generally belong to three families:

• Legumes. Among this family, it should be noted such crops as alfalfa, peas, incl. field, bean, clover, lupine and others. As we have already noted, these crops are leaders in enriching the earth with nitrogen. By the way, some types of legumes are recommended to be sown not only during periods of land rest, but simultaneously with the main crop;
• Cruciferous. For green manure in greenhouses, the following cruciferous plants are used: mustard, incl. English, oilseed radish, winter rape, colza. By the way, mustard not only evicts weeds from the territory of the greenhouse, but also disinfects the soil. Planting mustard seeds can be done not only in a greenhouse. If you plant mustard in a potato field, this will reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers;
• Cereals. These plants perfectly replenish the biomass in the greenhouse and drown out the growth of weeds. The following types of cultivated plants are perfect as green manure crops for greenhouses: rye, barley, oats, blue wheatgrass.

If you decide to sow green manure seeds in a greenhouse in the fall, then you should pay attention to the properties of the soil. This is due to the fact that different plants contribute differently to the condition of the earth. For example, if the soil is acidic and dry, it would be advisable to plant mustard, oats, clover in it. For heavy types of land, green manure crops such as oil radish and rapeseed are suitable. If the earth, on the contrary, is characterized by excessive lightness, then it would be better to use clover or lupine. If you are sure that the soil in the greenhouse is not characterized by high acidity, then you can safely plant alfalfa, regardless of whether the soil is heavy or light. It will be equally useful in both cases.

If you plan to plant seeds of winter crops (as a rule, these are cereals), then it is important to prevent the shoots from overgrowing. If their stems and leaves have grown too tall, then they need to be mowed down and used for composting. undersized plants you can just plow. Winter varieties of rye, oats and barley do not have time to mature and produce mature seeds, do not grow vegetatively if they are sown in autumn. For this reason, mechanical tillage leads to the complete non-viability of these crops, and the resulting biomass is completely used to form a fertile soil layer in the greenhouse.

The preparation of greenhouses with the help of green manure is already gaining its supporters. And this is not surprising, because the use of sideration is a wonderful alternative to various chemical methods preparation of greenhouse soil.

There is always enough work to do in your own garden. To obtain good harvest, the owners have to devote a lot of time and effort to cultivating the land. A variety of garden crops allows you to alternate plantings, which has a beneficial effect on the quality of the crop. Our article will discuss which plants will feel best at the place where the tomato grows.

A characteristic feature of growing tomatoes can be considered the use of stationary premises. Such greenhouses create a favorable climate for the growth and development of this crop, increasing fertility and reducing the time to harvest. When correct organized ventilation and the heating system, you can pick tomatoes until late autumn, and in some cases - all winter. However, this option also has negative aspects.

First of all we are talking about soil depletion. This process in greenhouse conditions occurs much faster than in open ground because the earth is isolated from external influences. Gradually, nutrients and microelements become deficient, so plants need regulatory feeding.

The second danger when growing tomatoes in a greenhouse is the accumulation of harmful bacteria and fungal spores. In a confined space, even after pre-treatment of the soil, there is a risk of infection with late blight and other characteristic diseases.

Sowing green manure in a greenhouse in autumn

In a favorable humid "climate" of the greenhouse, the spread occurs faster and the plants can no longer be saved. Can come to the rescue simple recipes, as well as regular events helping to avoid illnesses.

On the video - what can be planted after a tomato:

Basic rules for using a greenhouse:

• The soil for greenhouses must be treated for pests and disinfected so that bacteria do not get inside. The most commonly used thermal method (calcining the earth at high temperatures) and the use of disinfectant solutions.

Soil in the greenhouse

Greenhouse ventilation

Application of fertilizer in the greenhouse

If you are planning to use your greenhouse exclusively for growing tomatoes and do not want to use the principles of agricultural technology, you can use the following tips. First of all, regularly check the acidity of the soil, which becomes acidic at the place of constant growth of tomatoes. This leads to a drop in yields, so additional liming of the earth is used. Second important point- the need for periodic rest.

How to grow tomato seedlings without picking, and how to do planting work with your own hands, is described in this article.

But when to start growing seedlings of cucumbers, and how to set the timing for growing, this information will help to understand.

What varieties of tomatoes for the Urals in a greenhouse should be used first of all, this information will help to understand.

It is not at all necessary to leave an empty greenhouse for the whole season, it is enough to plant green manure in the winter, and then dig them up along with the roots. Plants of the legume family, cereals and cruciferous crops are well suited for these purposes.

Growing a tomato in open ground is no less troublesome. Unlike a greenhouse, the tomato harvest will not be too early, and you will have to provide protection from external adverse effects on your own. At the same time, this method has a number of advantages, for example, beds with tomatoes can freely “roam” throughout the garden without depleting the soil in the same place.

This, no doubt, provides more opportunities, but before deciding on the order of planting crops, it would be useful to find out if a tomato would be a good predecessor for other plants.

What can be grown after a tomato:

1. Color and white cabbage. cruciferous family - perfect neighbor and predecessor. Besides, high yields cabbages, radishes and turnips can also be expected after planting in a "tomato" place. What is the technology for growing white cabbage, this information will help to understand.

Cauliflower in the garden

Onions and garlic in the garden

Cucumbers in the garden

Beets in the garden

Not always a tomato can be called a good predecessor. It strongly acidifies the soil, which is unacceptable for many crops. It also has many pests in common with other plants, making it difficult for them to further cultivation. It is best to plant green manure plants after tomato, which will restore the soil balance and allow the enrichment of its composition.

What crops will grow poorly in a tomato garden:

• Potatoes and other representatives of nightshade. They have common pests, which negatively affects the crop. But what a cherry potato variety looks like, you can see in the photo by clicking on the link.
• Bulgarian pepper. This vegetable is often planted alongside tomatoes, but this can reduce yields, as can growing after tomatoes.
• Gourd cultures. Pumpkin, watermelons and melons do not bear fruit well after tomatoes, so you should not expect a good harvest when grown in a tomato garden.
• Strawberries and wild strawberries. It is noticed that these plants do not tolerate neighborhood well and do not like the soil after each other.

On the video - which crops will grow poorly in a tomato garden:

The tomato is a vegetable loved by many. Not a single garden can do without it, but its cultivation has its own characteristics. One of the main issues that need to be resolved at the end of the season is what to plant in a tomato garden in next year. Our article gives detailed description for which crops tomatoes will become good predecessors, as well as how to prevent soil depletion during greenhouse cultivation of this crop.

Materials: http://gidfermer.com/sadovodstvo/ovoshhevodstvo/chto-mozhno-sazhat-postle-pomidor.html

Green manure as a top dressing for tomatoes is used when planting plants in the ground and growing them in a greenhouse. This helps to significantly increase yields, since green manures act as a fertilizer, they also perform other functions - they saturate the soil with nitrogen and nutrients. The main thing is to choose the right green manure and plant them in a timely manner.

When gardeners plant tomatoes, they expect a good harvest. But it is not so easy to collect it, the reason for everything is specific factors that can affect the fruitfulness of the culture.

You can use various fertilizers, buy preparations and water them with tomatoes, but it is easier to use green manure, because they:

1. Allows you to increase the yield of the crop.
2. Reduce the risk of damage to tomatoes by various diseases and pests.
3. Reduce the number of weeds from which you have to protect the planting.

Green manure - plants that can significantly affect the qualitative and quantitative indicators harvested crop. They act as a natural fertilizer.

In the process of growth and development, plants saturate the soil with nitrogen, and also increase the effectiveness of the drugs used, if the gardener decides to fertilize the tomatoes.

There are several crops that agronomists advise to use for growing tomatoes. Plants have their own characteristics.

Varieties of crops and their properties

When deciding which green manure is better to sow, it is worth familiarizing yourself with their features and differences. Most often, preference is given to one crop, but you can use several plants - this will significantly increase the yield. However, the choice remains with the gardener, and it depends on the planting conditions and the characteristics of the tomato variety.

cruciferous

This is, first of all, Shrovetide radish, it has good performance: quickly germinates, develops branched root system, sprouts in any climatic conditions and is not picky about the soil. Due to its features green manure not only saturates the soil with azine, but also reduces the likelihood of nematodes (worms) appearing in it.

cereals

This is about different cultures; The following plants can be included in this group:

• vetch;
• rye;
• oats.

If we talk about oats, then he more useful topics which enriches the soil with potassium. As for rye, it dries the earth, absorbs excess moisture, for this reason it is better to plant it in the ground or greenhouse, in which it is noted high humidity. Vika is considered universal, gardeners turn to her help most often, but do not forget about the benefits of other crops.

Legumes

Often used, they are combined with other plants. Such a "tandem" can significantly affect the yield of tomatoes.

Legumes include:

1. Lentils.
2. Clover.

They have good germination, are resistant to frost and saturate the soil with oxygen. If you decide to use clover as green manure, then remember that this culture is not suitable for acidic soils. Otherwise, legumes create an abundant green cover, which can be considered their advantage.

Differences for open ground and for greenhouses

In general, there are no special differences, since green manure can be used in any conditions: they are suitable for greenhouses and open ground - the same way. But gardeners have their own "preferences".

In open ground, you can plant any crops without thinking about the nuances of planting. For a greenhouse it is better to use:

• rye;
• vetch;
• mustard;
• bush beans.

Attention! Green manure is planted in a greenhouse in the spring, after harvesting. Then they mow, before planting tomatoes - during this time, the plants will saturate the soil with useful substances.

We calculate the sowing density and material consumption

Green fertilizers are planted between the ridges, the consumption directly depends on the type of crop. Consider several options and calculate the average material consumption:

When to sow

As a rule, this is done during the off-season. Before you start sowing green manure, make sure that the soil is ready for such procedures.

spring

Planting is carried out before planting tomatoes, the time is calculated so that the culture has time to rise and grow. When greenery appears on the surface of the soil, it must be mowed before the flowering period, otherwise all efforts will be wasted.

autumn

IN autumn period planting is carried out after harvest. "Under the snow", as they say. During the winter, plants "saturate" the soil with useful substances. They will have to be mowed before planting tomatoes.

Plan for sowing and caring for green manure

As mentioned earlier, the planting of green fertilizer is carried out in a different time period. This allows you to significantly increase the yield of tomato. Consider the characteristics of cultures and determine the appropriate time for them.

Vika

Can be planted in the soil three weeks before the planned planting of tomatoes. Considered one of the best options, since it increases the yield of a tomato, on average, by 30%.

radish

A culture that tolerates frost well, it can be planted at the end of summer, and preferably in autumn.

It has good frost resistance, therefore, after harvesting, it can be planted in the ground. It saturates the earth with useful elements: sulfur and phosphorus.

Phacelia

Suitable for reducing the acidity of the soil, you can land it in the spring. Phacelia significantly increases the level of potassium, nitrogen, and also prevents weeds.

Alfalfa

By its specificity, it improves the quality of the soil, it can be planted in early spring or closer to summer, in May.

Lupine

The plant is effective against pests, it loosens the soil. Lupine can be planted in a greenhouse, but better in the ground, in mid-spring.

oats

It is good at any time of the year, tolerates cold calmly, sprouts quickly and does not require additional care. Plant it in spring or fall big difference, no, but if the climate in the region is harsh, then it is better in April, the end of March.

oil radish

Peas

Differs in universality. This culture tolerates frost well, but it is better to plant it in the spring, at the end of April.

Rye

Planted for the winter, at the end of summer or at the beginning of autumn. Under the snow, the culture "feeds" the soil, it is resistant to frost and sprouts quickly. Before planting tomatoes, it is mowed.

Consider the scheme of actions, in accordance with the time of year, we will analyze the actions of the gardener:

Mow or dig

In addition to mowing green manure, there is another method of planting them. Seeds are planted in the soil and then dug up. But this method is considered less effective for several reasons:

1. The integrity of the soil cover is destroyed, as a result of which useful substances necessary for plants come out of the earth. This is considered a disadvantage of this technique.
2. You can plant green manure in the ground or in a greenhouse together with tomatoes. But that way they can't bring culture maximum benefit, but perfectly "protect" from weeds.

Alternative replacement for green manure

For organic lovers, the modern agricultural industry offers various preparations that will not harm the soil and will not cause its poisoning.

Preference is given to:

• cut weeds; it is advisable to use them without seeds, so that later you do not have to pull out grass for hours;
• food waste, but preferably without meat scraps, it is better to use the remains of plant foods;
• ground wood branches, but it all depends on the characteristics of the tree; for example, poplar, walnut, willow and oak are not recommended.

But most often, previously cut grass is used as organic fertilizer; it is placed on the site after harvest. Preference can be given to the tops of plants that have been harvested not so long ago.

Green manure - an option for lovers of organic fertilizers. Plants will help increase concentration useful substances in the soil, “saturate” it with nitrogen, as well as increase productivity and get rid of pests and weeds. But do not forget that this method has its drawbacks, however, as well as pluses.

Dream to find bountiful harvest- the natural desire of every farmer. Difficulties in performing such a task are created by pests, fast-growing weeds, and the lack of insects for pollination. They come to help chemicals but they have many disadvantages. Getting into the soil, they accumulate there, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of the grown products.

Siderata - a great substitute for chemistry. This is the name of green spaces, which not only fight pests, but also serve as fertilizer for the soil of the greenhouse.

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Green manure properties

Green manure plants differ in their use from chemical fertilizers. They need to be sown in time, follow the growth, and by the end of the season, remove them by digging along with the black soil. In order to see the effectiveness of the use of green manure, it will be necessary to sow them for at least three years. These include: legumes, cereals and cruciferous.

Some of them are excellent suppliers of nitrogen to the soil, others are pest control, and others are soil sanitation. Together they improve the conditions for the growth of cultivated plants.

The benefits of green manure:

• There is an accumulation of fertilizers in the form of nitrogen or potassium by the soil.
• The roots of green manure loosen the black soil, providing an influx of oxygen.
• Nutrients are better preserved in the earth, the earth is not so washed out.
• Weeds do not have the opportunity to develop due to the rapid growth of green manure.
• The ground is being disinfected.
• Pests such as locust or codling moth lose their ability to develop.
• Plants have bright colors coloration that attracts insects. Pollinating themselves, they contribute to the pollination of tomatoes and cucumbers.



The use of green manure in greenhouses

Tomatoes and cucumbers growing in one place are very depleting of the black soil. In the case of planting green manure plants between them, there is a process of accumulation of fertilizers in the ground, including nitrogen. This soil can be used long time.

Varieties of green manure crops:

• legumes;
• cereals;
• cruciferous.

When choosing a plant, you need to know its characteristics for planting in a greenhouse.

The best green manure crops:

1. 1. Phacelia. This green manure can be planted anywhere in the greenhouse. Before the planting of seedlings begins, she manages to build up a large amount of greenery. During the season, before the onset of frost, green manure phacelia is mowed and buried in the ground, where it rots. A decomposed plant saturates the soil with nitrogen. During its growth, it does not allow locusts and other harmful insects to multiply. It attracts honey plants with its color.
2. 2. Rapeseed. In a short time it turns into big plant. It rots well in the ground. Given the good frost resistance, it is often used as winter green manure. Grows best in sandy and clay soils.
3. 3. Vika. Characterized by rapid maturation. Planting time both before planting seedlings and after it. Perfectly ennobles the soil and saturates it with fertilizers. In the case of compacted planting of this plant, weeds can be completely removed from the greenhouse. Vika is quite capricious, requires enhanced watering. When planted in autumn, it gives a lower yield, so it is planted with other green manure plants.
4. 4. White mustard. The most common siderat. It has the ability to disinfect black soil, repels harmful insects and attracts honey plants. It is characterized by rapid growth in time, completely clogs weeds. After 30 days, it is removed. Top part cut off and mulch the ground with it. Siderat mustard perfectly saturates the earth with phosphorus and nitrogen.
5. 5. Rye. Such green manure also increases the content of potassium in the soil. Often oats are planted with it. These 2 plants are characterized by their unpretentiousness. They tolerate the absence of water and are very frost-resistant, therefore they are used as green manure for the greenhouse. They have a developed root system, therefore, as green manure, they fight well with wheatgrass. The disadvantage is the difficulty in processing due to the strong stem, which is difficult to cut.



Features of planting plants in a greenhouse

Cucumbers and tomatoes are the most common crops grown in the greenhouse. Their yield depends on the presence of fertilizers in the soil. Green manure planted under cucumbers can provide them. It requires the presence of mustard, vetch and rye. As for green manure for tomatoes, rye with oats is well suited here. The main thing is that these plants do not interfere with the growth of the main crop, so green manure should be sown either before the planting of the main plants, or when the stems of the main crops are fully strengthened.

It must be remembered that tomatoes are easily susceptible to diseases such as late blight. There is an infection of the soil, which becomes unsuitable for planting. You can fix this only by replacing the entire soil.

In some cases, mustard green manure is sown on the infected area, which has the properties of clearing the ground. The time for sowing green manure is immediately after harvesting diseased tomatoes.

According to the recommendations of experts, you should not plant the same plant in the greenhouse. Rye can be alternated with planting phacelia or oats. This is necessary because plants of the same species get the same diseases. When using seeds different green manure achieve both complete disinfection of the soil, and its saturation with all kinds of fertilizers.

By planting green manure crops on the site, you can significantly increase the yield of cucumbers and tomatoes. Ecologically clean plants do not require large expenditures.

It is important to remember that the most optimal time planting - September.



spring sowing

Before planting green manure in the spring, you need to bring snow into the greenhouse from the street in advance, which, having melted, will be well absorbed into the soil. After planting, the crops will quickly grow. During spring planting it is better to use mustard seeds, which contribute a lot nutrients into the ground, disinfecting it. The landing period is the last days of February or the beginning of March. Stems are allowed to grow up to 30 cm, then they are cut off.

It is very good to use legumes in the spring, which ensure the saturation of the earth with nitrogen, such plants extract it directly from the air. Somewhat worse bean bushes fight live pests.

After planting tomato seedlings, beans can be placed in parallel. This culture does not conflict with tomato bushes. planted in spring cereal crops in the form of rye and oats. After the end of the season, they mulch the ground.

autumn sowing

When planting green manure in the fall, they are also sown in a thick layer. Fertilizers are placed in the soil along with the seeds. All this material hibernates, and gives good shoots in early spring. Not allowing the stems to rise high, they are mowed with a special Fokine flat cutter and placed in the ground, lightly sprinkling them.

When a choice is made between siderats for planting in the ground in the fall, preference is given to those species that have time to germinate slightly. The advantage of planting in winter is beyond doubt, since the humus that has been in the ground for a longer time enriches the greenhouse soil much more. Usually in the fall they give preference to mustard planting, because this is a universal crop that is suitable for any cultivated plant including cucumbers and tomatoes.

Autumn sowing for tomatoes

Tomatoes are a late ripening crop. Reps and phacelia are suitable as green manure for tomatoes. During the planting period of tomato seedlings, these crops should already be mowed and in the ground so that the soil is functionally prepared for accepting seedlings.

The benefits of using green manure crops are undeniable. They do not require care at all, and the ecological balance remains normal. The soil is saturated organic fertilizers and does not contain any chemicals. The only thing that green bushes require is regular watering. Such fertilizer is formed by nature itself. The main thing is to correctly apply green manure, taking into account the seasons and the type of planted plant.

After considering the situation, the question arises: “What green manure should be planted in autumn in a greenhouse for tomatoes?”. And the answer is simple - do not wait for autumn.

Sowing time

Very often, for sowing green manure crops, vegetable growers wait until the moment of complete harvesting of the main crop. However, in the greenhouse, tomatoes bear fruit until late autumn, and even with the onset of a significant cold snap, rather weighty fruits still weigh on the branches.

Considering all the features of tomato production technology, sowing green manure in a greenhouse cannot be delayed until late autumn, it must be sown in August. During this period, the lower leaves have already been removed, mulch lies under the bushes, and underneath it is warm and humid. It is possible and necessary to sow the soil with green manure and get a huge effect from this.

Rake off the mulch, sow the green manure mixture and cover everything with the mulch you have removed. Water and wait for seedlings. The emerging greenery will begin to grow very quickly. As soon as it reaches a height of 25-30 cm, mow or cut. Further growth will no longer be so lush, since the temperature background drops and the illumination decreases, but the green carpet, although slowly, will increase, becoming lush.

Choice of culture

When choosing green manure for a tomato in a greenhouse, it makes no sense to give preference to any one species. A mixture of cultures is a lifesaver that will provide:

• increase the level of nitrogen in the upper soils;
• raise minerals from deep layers of soil;
• make minerals biologically available;
• suppress the growth of pathogenic microflora;
• eliminates the need for a complete replacement of soils;
• improve the physical structure of the soil.

Each vegetable grower is free to make a mixture for tomatoes himself, taking into account his experience, knowledge, climatic conditions and ground. However, you can take advantage of someone else's growing experience and try it in your greenhouse.

Selection

A mixture of crops for sowing under tomatoes should consist of:

• cereals;
• legumes;
• cruciferous.

cereals

The basis of the green manure mixture is cereals, of which oats or rye can be preferred.

In simultaneous crops, these cultures behave restrained and tolerant. Those who practice covering the greenhouse with snow should not refuse it, the cereals will perceive it as it should.

In the spring, cereals will continue to grow until the planting of tomato seedlings. Mowing of cereals can not be removed, but used as mulch. If compacted vegetable plantings are practiced green crops, then the cereals are composted or dug up.

Cereals are especially good at converting potassium into accessible forms. This element plays a major role in carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. Potassium affects the strength of tomato stems and the accumulation of fruit sugar content. With a lack of this element, the formation of buds is delayed.

Legumes

If there is a nitrogen deficiency, then legumes are indispensable. Absorbing nitrogen from the air, and fixing it with the help of nodule bacteria, and giving it to the soil, the plants of this group work on nitrogenous feeding of tomato bushes. Nitrogen utilization factor plant origin in tomatoes is almost twice as high as nitrogen of mineral origin.

Vetch is used as an additive as the best green manure for tomatoes. This crop gets along well with oats and enriches the soil with nitrogen, and tomatoes are very favorable to it, doubling the yield.

cruciferous

These crops should be considered in more detail, since they play the main and decisive role in several aspects for the tomato.

The root system of cruciferous green manure is abundantly "hung" with bacteria. They need iron to survive. There is a lot of this element in soils, but it is in an inaccessible form, but microorganisms convert it into an accessible one and cruciferous ones consume it with pleasure. Iron, in turn, is also necessary for pathogenic fungi, but cruciferous ones “take away” it so skillfully that fungal ones simply do not have time to consume it. It is on this that the mechanism of the fungicidal action of cruciferous crops is based to protect tomatoes from late blight.

One of best crops is mustard. In summer, it is sown in a mixture with other crops. Some vegetable growers practice mustard crops in February-March, pointwise, sparse sowing allows planting tomato seedlings between these plantings without destroying the green manure.

During the entire vegetative period, mustard is pruned, avoiding the budding phase.

Sometimes, vegetable growers find out: “Which is better to sow green manure for tomatoes in the fall - mustard or rapeseed?” However, experience shows that these are not mutually replacing cultures, but complementary ones.

Rape belongs to the cabbage family. Its plant tissues are very delicate and, getting into the ground after mowing, are quickly decomposed by microorganisms, turning into nutrients for the tomato.

Let's make a proportion

Having decided to resort to a mixture of green manure, and not to any particular one, you need to find out which part will belong to one or another. Experienced vegetable growers who cultivate tomatoes in a greenhouse in a monoculture without crop rotation have come to the conclusion that this is possible without soil turnover, but using the services of green manure.

The composition of the mixture is entered:

• oats - 100 parts;
• vetch - 30;
• mustard - 30;
• rapeseed 30.

The crop seeds are mixed together and sown with a rather generous hand. The mixture has proven itself both on light soils and on heavy soils requiring improved structure.

Those who sow with such a mixture from year to year recommend it as a universal one that does not require additional adjustment.

If sowing is carried out even during the period when the tomatoes continue their fruiting, then after its completion, the tomato plant is not dug up with a root, but is cut off at ground level. By autumn, green manure forms a continuous green carpet. Even if at severe frosts the bottom of the cultures will depart, the rest will pick up the baton and take its place.

Siderata for tomatoes. Siderates have recently become increasingly popular among gardeners. With their help, it is possible to improve the fertility of the soil and its structure. This method refers to organic farming, when the use of mineral fertilizers is reduced to a minimum or even to zero.

What you will learn from this article:

Siderates for tomatoes

Since green manure for tomatoes is sown in a greenhouse in early spring, by the time the seedlings are planted, the tomato grows so much that it can be cut at the root and leave this green mass in the garden. It will protect the earth from solar overheating, and seedlings from possible night frosts.

The best siderata for tomatoes are legumes, as well as rye, oats, wheat, clover, alfalfa, mustard and rapeseed. By the way, green manure for tomatoes can be sown not only in spring, but also in autumn, that is, before winter. Winter crops are suitable for this - rye, clover and alfalfa. They will sprout in the fall, winter under the snow, and in the spring they will quickly grow green mass.

During the winter sowing of green manure, they are mowed in April, they dig up the bed to a shallow depth, turning the plants upside down. As a result, the topsoil is loose and the seedlings take root in it very well. Its roots breathe, it is absorbed very easily, and the gradually decomposing roots of green manure serve as top dressing for tomatoes throughout the summer.

Mustard is white. It is considered one of the most common and popular green manure. It fights pests, prevents soil erosion, diseases, weed growth, enriches the soil with organic elements.

Phacelia. It has the ability to change the acidity of the soil, making it neutral, which allows you to effectively deal with the most annoying weeds (weed,). Prevents many fungal and viral diseases, enriches the soil with potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter. It is an excellent honey plant that attracts beneficial insects.

Shrovetide radish. Thanks to its developed root system, it saturates the upper layers of the soil with useful elements, reaching them from the very depths. Serves as an excellent baking powder of the soil, heals it. Protects vegetables from diseases.

Lupine. It loosens the soil, saturates it with nitrogen, raises minerals to the surface. It repels pests that live in the soil (May beetle larvae, Medvedka, etc.).

Vika. Root symbiosis is able to accumulate nitrogen in the soil. Abundant green mass serves as excellent organic matter. Tomatoes planted together with vetch give a 40-45% higher yield.

Alfalfa. A representative of the legume family, which helps to reduce the acidity of the soil, improves its structure. Enriches the soil with nutrients, accumulates nitrogen in it.

Green manure for the garden is a great way to improve the fertility and structure of the soil. naturally with minimal cost.

Tomatoes are plants that are one of the most susceptible to various diseases, for example,.

The soil after such tomatoes becomes contagious and unsuitable for growing other vegetable crops. Constant cultivation of tomatoes in one place requires frequent replacement of the soil. And this is a long and laborious process. Instead, green manure can be planted in the greenhouse both before planting tomato seedlings and after to enrich and disinfect the soil.

The use of green manure for tomatoes

The use of green manure is a labor-intensive agronomic method of growing crops; some gardeners consider this feature to be a minus. The disadvantage is the laboriousness. Green fertilizers need to be constantly trimmed and watered with organic solutions. This must be done weekly. From the beginning of spring to late autumn; beds are initially processed to a depth of three to five centimeters.

You can sow by hand, scattering the seeds, and after sowing - harrow.

Green manure is sown before planting the main crops, in such a way that they have time to grow normally.

Sow green manure in advance, and before planting a tomato, dig up the area, closing up the green mass. The disadvantage is that the useful microflora is destroyed, which was moved from its usual place, which leads to its death, therefore, stops the synthesis of nitrogen.

Organic farming rejects earth bed upheaval. All layers must remain in place.

cut plants watered effective microorganisms. Due to this, the synthesis process is greatly accelerated. Siderata significantly increase the level of nitrogen in it and prevent the growth of weeds, increase the yield of vegetables. It is generally accepted that this type of fertilizer began to be used nine thousand years ago.

Gardeners' mistakes when using green manure

So, the season ends, there is still a little time left and autumn will begin, and then winter. Gardeners are beginning to take stock, and for many, alas, they are not comforting. It is especially offensive to those who see that things are completely different on the neighbor’s site, the harvest is good, the trees are healthy

Let's start with feeding mistakes. This is perhaps the most common type of gardening error. Usually we, trying to grow faster on the site, feed the plants without measure, it’s also scary that we feed with nitrogen fertilizers, because they accelerate growth.

Which can delay the growing season by a week or even more.

Little moisture when watering. This is perhaps the most common mistake.

Errors associated with pruning, they come from the inept handling of cutting tools. The most common consequences of incorrect pruning are the formation of a large number of tops and gum bleeding or crying.

It should be firmly understood that the garden cannot be cut in autumn and in frosts, cuts, especially large ones, can freeze and freeze. Pruning should be done in late February or early March.

As for stone fruit cultures, they should not be cut at all, they can only be formed by bending, as carefully as possible, in order to prevent injuries. Another common mistake is to scatter green manure everywhere.

Yes, green manure crops are useful, there is no doubt, however, if they sow areas without irrigation, near-trunk and bush strips, and even if green manure crops are not mowed for a long time or not at all, then this will bring much more harm than benefit.

The benefits of green manure can be if they are sown in the second half of the warm season, when plants require less nutrients and moisture, due to a decrease in growth activity.

Mulching cold soil. Remember once and for all - you can not mulch the soil in early spring! If straw is used as mulch, it will reflect sunlight, besides, under the straw, the soil will warm up longer.

Tops appear, often in in large numbers, as a result of excessively strong pruning, because the balance between the roots and the aerial part of the plants is disturbed. They should be pinched or bent, and all unnecessary removed.

To help reduce the growth of vertical shoots, shortening the conductors can be done in the summer.

Damn, you can't run. It is formed as a result of the fact that the gardener thoughtlessly digs up the trunk circles. The growth appears as if from nowhere, and its intensity is sometimes surprising. It is quite difficult to deal with overgrowth, for example, in rowan you have to dig to the root, look for a place where the overgrowth comes from, cut off part of the root, cover it up and fall asleep.