How to stretch the film on the greenhouse. How to glue a film for a greenhouse and a lot of other useful tips How best to cover a greenhouse with a film

If you have decided to put a film greenhouse on your site, you will face two tasks: what to make the frame from and how to cover the greenhouse with film. The solution of the second problem is directly related to the first, so the material for the construction of the frame, as well as its shape, must be chosen based on this.
The easiest way is to fix the film on a wooden base. Therefore, the most common in country and household plots are just such designs, but you should not exclude other materials - plastic and metal, the main advantage of which is durability.

First you need to decide on the purpose of the greenhouse, the timing of its use. The choice of film depends on this.
If you plan to use the shelter all year round or from early spring to late autumn, the greenhouse cover film must be strong and durable, withstand temperature changes and the weight of the snow cover. In this case, it is recommended to use .
For spring shelters, designed to protect young plants from frost and bad weather, you can use a simpler material, the price of which is adequate for a one-time use.

Material calculation

The required amount of film is easy to determine knowing its width in a roll. To do this, the length of the frame is measured and the resulting figure is divided by the width of the material - the number of canvases required for shelter comes out.
In this case, it must be taken into account that the canvases are overlapped on the frame.

Note. Film in a roll can be wound in one or two layers. In the second case, it is a sleeve that can be cut along the fold and get a canvas twice as wide.

The length of each canvas is determined by the length of the arc (for arched structures) or the sum of the lengths of all sides in cross section(for designs with pitched roof) plus 10% for fixing around the perimeter.
Multiplying required amount canvases by their length, we get the final figure - how many meters of film you need to cover the greenhouse from above. But, since it is also necessary to cover the greenhouse with a film from the ends, we calculate their area and add it to the resulting amount.

Rules for the installation of film greenhouses

In order not to redo the work twice, follow these recommendations:

Do not pre-cut the film to length. Throw the roll from one side to the other. Then stretch, add 20-25 cm on each side to the mount, after which you can cut it off.
Cut all the sheets in the same way. Lay them overlapping on a flat surface and glue on both sides with transparent tape.

Advice. In order for the adhesive tape to fix the joints well, the film for covering greenhouses must be clean, without traces of dust, and it is desirable to degrease its edges.

When cutting out details for the ends, leave overlaps on all sides.

So that the film does not subsequently sag, you should not fix it at low air temperatures. On the other hand, if you do it in extreme heat, then when it gets cold from tension, it can break.
Choose for this moderately warm weather without strong winds.

The result of overstretching

To make the film last longer, cover the greenhouse shortly before planting plants in it. And so that the earth in it has time to warm up, at the place of its installation, you can spread a black film, pressing it well around the perimeter.

After completing all preparatory work you can proceed directly to fixing the greenhouse (see). You will learn how to do this by watching the video or by reading the next chapter.

Methods of fastening to the frame

Some modern covering materials are strong enough that they can be sewn together without fear of tearing along the seam. Of these, according to the measurements taken from the frame, you can sew a removable cover with your own hands, which will remain fixed only along the bottom.

Usually, for this, an overlap is left on the ground, which is pressed down with a beam or covered with soil. The embankment should have a slope from the walls of the greenhouse to drain rainwater.

Close the frame

If you use, there may be several options for attaching it to the frame. But first, the finished canvas, glued along the length of the frame, is thrown over the greenhouse and pulled well.
The edges of the canvas should hang down at the ends on both sides. Along one of the long sides, a strong rail or beam is laid on the edge, carefully wrapped around and attached to the base of the frame with self-tapping screws or nails.

Advice. If the beam is heavy enough, and the coating must be removable, it is not necessary to fasten it. You can also sprinkle with earth to eliminate cracks.

In order to do the same on the other side, you will need an assistant, since it is difficult to cover the greenhouse with a film yourself - you need to stretch it evenly. After that, it remains to sheathe the doors and vents, close the ends and connect the joints with adhesive tape.

We strengthen

The method of fastening depends on the material of the frame:

To the wooden frame, the coating is fixed with nails or self-tapping screws through thin slats or staples through felt, plastic packing tape, a strip cut from old linoleum;
The film is attached to plastic or metal pipes with special clips of a suitable diameter, which can be bought at a store or made independently from scraps;

Alternatively, the coating can not be attached to the frame at all, but a mesh or twine can be pulled over it. The main thing is to fix it well down the perimeter of the greenhouse.

Especially responsibly it is necessary to approach the film cladding of door frames and transoms, as these are the most frequently used structural elements. So that the material does not rub or tear, the film must be wrapped around the door frame, fixed on it through the lining, and the end parts should be sheathed with felt or rubber tape.

Advice. Most often, the film breaks precisely at the points of contact with the frame due to its heating or rough surface. Therefore, all its elements must be smooth, without sharp corners and protrusions.
To prevent strong heating (especially of the metal frame), the instruction recommends painting it in White color or wrap all structural elements with a light-colored cloth.

Conclusion

Knowing how to cover the greenhouse with a film, you can save a lot on the purchase finished construction, its delivery and assembly. For many summer residents who grow flowers and vegetables not for sale, but for their own needs, this is very important.

Fixing greenhouse film

The easiest and cheapest way to make a greenhouse or a greenhouse with a film coating is what many summer residents do every spring. The main task then becomes secure fastening greenhouse films.
How to do this, depending on the material of the frame, we will tell in this article.

The film is not the most durable and wear-resistant material. The usual polyethylene film is enough for only one season of use, as it is easily torn, stretched under the action of high temperature and destroyed by ultraviolet rays.
But her low price allows you to deal with this shortcoming.

For reference. There are also more durable modern film materials on sale that can last 5-6 years, but it is advisable to remove them for the winter.

wooden frame

You can not cut or unfold the purchased film, but use it in two layers. As a rule, it is a sleeve one and a half meters wide, which is cut along one side and a canvas 3 meters wide is obtained.
If this is not done, then a strong cord can be threaded along the edges into the sleeve with a wooden peg and its ends fixed on opposite sides of the frame, pulling it well. The next one is tightly fastened with an overlap of 15 cm on the previous one.

Note. This method of attaching the film to the greenhouse doubles the consumption of the coating, but increases its service life.

It is easiest to fix the film on the reinforcement frame using special paper clothespins.

Frame made of plastic pipes

Plastic does not heat up like metal, and has a smooth surface, so the frame made of it does not need additional heat protection. If you are building a shelter from ready-made plastic arcs, sold in stores, then they usually come with special clips for attaching a greenhouse film, pressing it to the frame.

If you are using ordinary plastic pipes, you can make the clamps yourself from scraps of the same pipe or a slightly larger diameter. To do this, a tube 8-10 cm long is sawn along the wall along and pushed apart.
In order not to damage the canvas during fastening, the edges of the cut are processed sandpaper or melted on fire.

Advice. Exactly the same clamp for strengthening the greenhouse film can be made for a frame of thin metal pipes.

Conclusion

If you have any ideas and practical advice how and with what to fix the film on the greenhouse, we and our other readers will be happy to listen and discuss them.

In an effort to “plant” the family from early spring on their own vitamins, summer residents build all kinds of greenhouses, different both in shape and in coating material. But the film still remains the most popular coating. Manufacturers took this attachment into account by expanding the range of new types: reinforced film for greenhouses, polyvinyl chloride, copolymer and others.

Every year more and more new names appear, and what is hidden under them: the usual polyethylene film with hyped marketing names or improved forms of coatings? For an ordinary summer resident you can “hang noodles” and sell traditional film at a high price for more dense structure, which will not show itself in any additional pluses. So that you do not fall for the tricks of sellers, let's figure out what characteristics are hidden behind the new names of coatings and whether it is worth buying them for country greenhouses.

Types of film coatings

Most ancient view film material, however, as well as the most common. Demanded due to cheapness. Polyethylene has some advantages, they are enough for a summer resident who decides to make a greenhouse or an unheated greenhouse for one season:

protects seedlings from frost, wind, precipitation;
raises the temperature inside by a couple of degrees (and this means a lot if it is about 12˚ outside, at this temperature most vegetables do not set fruit);
increases the level of humidity;
protects vegetables from fog, etc.

White frame will help polyethylene last longer

If you ventilate and close at night in time, then the season will serve quite tolerably.

On sale there is a cloth, sleeves. How many lengths are needed - so much will be unwound. The width of the canvas varies from 1.5 to 3 m, the sleeves - up to 6 m. The sleeve is more profitable - if you cut it in one fold, you will get 2 times more footage. Some summer residents cover the greenhouse with a sleeve, believing that two layers of coating are stronger.

We hasten to dissuade everyone: even polyethylene covered in three layers will not be preserved by the next spring, it is characterized by “aging”, i.e. decline strength characteristics under the influence of the scorching rays of the sun, temperature extremes, frost. Destruction will go on at any thickness, and you should not spend money on thick polyethylene.

Yes, and it will last one season only with proper operation.

What should be provided

If you lay a cut sleeve, then a fold is obtained in the middle, it is the first to “give up” from heat or wind, it begins to break through. To avoid this, stick a wide transparent adhesive tape around the entire fold before covering the greenhouse. Do not wait for the moment when the fold begins to burst. Then it is too late to glue the adhesive tape: it will not stick to the dusty film.
Polyethylene stretches from heat. A cord is pulled on top or wooden slats are hammered crosswise.

PVC film

There are many descriptions on the Internet that its appearance resembles cellophane. But cellophane is rustling, and polyvinyl chloride is thick, does not rustle. In terms of structure and appearance mind pvc similar to the material of medical droppers.

PVC can be recognized by the yellowish tint of the edge of the roll

What are the advantages "added" to the coating, compared with polyethylene?

Bandwidth for ultraviolet rays - 80%, for ordinary light - 90%.
Practically does not pass IR radiation (only 5-9%), the greenhouse does not cool down overnight.

But this coating option has not gained popularity among summer residents, since it is quite expensive, and the frost resistance threshold is only -15˚. In our climate, such temperatures in winter are not uncommon, so if the film is not removed, it will only last a couple of seasons, although manufacturers promise a service life of about 8 years. Then you will have to remove the coating in the fall. Dust quickly settles on it, preventing the penetration of light.

Reinforced film

The name suggests that it is somehow fortified. The material is ordinary polyethylene. But the frame is made of polymers different way processing, gives the material strength, resistance to stretching. Reminiscent of a fishing net, the cells of which are filled with polyethylene. The thickness of the cells and the thickness of the carcass threads vary.

The smaller the cells, the stronger the frame of the reinforced polyethylene

On sale you can find frames made of twisted polyethylene, fiberglass threads or polypropylene fibers. The choice of a certain composition does not give the summer resident anything, the service life is about 3 years. But if a “breathable” reinforced film is offered (it is produced in Denmark), then it has an advantage over the others - it has better ventilation. In each cell of the "breathable" material, a small hole is punched through which air passes.

It is better to cover the greenhouse with a reinforced film for more than one season.

Films - "perennials"

There are so many types of multi-year films for greenhouses that it is necessary to specifically find out which coating parameter the manufacturer has improved. Most multi-year coatings are based on polyethylene, where certain additives are mixed. The most common types are:

does not allow drops to hang on the roof, but makes them flow down the walls (hydrophilic film);
increases the resistance of the coating to the damaging effects of sunlight (light-stabilizing);
does not transmit infrared radiation, retains heat better (heat-retaining);
prevents dust settling (antistatic);
transmits ultraviolet rays to the maximum, prevents infrared radiation- transmits useful light and blocks the path of harmful (light-transforming).

These additives are found in the same film in different variations. Long-term coverings from 2 seasons to 3 years serve. It is important to clarify here: we are talking about seasons or years, because seasonal film requires removal for the winter and storage in a room with a positive temperature, and annual film can remain in the greenhouse in winter.

In addition to polyethylene, there are "perennials" from other polymer compositions.

Any film coating, even the most durable, is afraid of mechanical damage, so it can serve for a long time only when the owner has correctly fixed it on the greenhouse.

Let's consider how to fix it on the greenhouse arcs or on the greenhouse.

It is necessary to fix on wooden planks with a stapler. This method makes fewer holes than nails, does not violate the integrity of the web

metal or wooden frame the greenhouse heats up very strongly, in places of contact with the coating, the structure of the film begins to quickly collapse. It is necessary to paint white, or wrap the contact points with a white cloth or heat-insulating material.
Wooden planks are nailed to the edges of the film with a stapler, wrapped with a film so that the tree hides inside.
They stretch the coating onto the frame as follows: they screw the strips from one side of the greenhouse to the base with screws, throw them over to the other side, pull them on and screw them on from the second side. A greenhouse film stretched in this way will hold on stronger than just nailed.
If a whole piece is not enough for the greenhouse, then several are combined into one. The best way glue - fix the joints with a wide dense adhesive tape. This must be done before the coating becomes dusty. Before gluing, wipe the surface with alcohol, stick adhesive tape and wipe the joints with a soft cloth, expelling air bubbles. For the season, this fastening is enough.

Reinforced film greenhouse will last for several years

How to glue the film? A more time-consuming way is to weld the seams with an iron. To do this, lay the film overlap, cover with newspaper and iron. You can also glue it using waterproof glue, but degrease first.

Whether it is worth overpaying for improved parameters is up to you.

The climate in Russia is quite cool even in summer period. grow on own site a rich harvest of vegetables is possible using greenhouses from arcs with covering material. It's about about middle lane Russia, the Volga region, the Central region and the North-West Central District. What to make arcs for such a greenhouse, and what covering material to use?

Positive traits

Shelters have a number of advantages that make their use simple and long-term. This is due to their portability, light weight and installation that anyone can handle. A greenhouse can be purchased as a ready-made kit or made independently, whether it be with arcs or not. It is used for growing thermophilic crops in regions with temperate climate, and as a temporary shelter when planting seedlings in open ground.

Characteristic

A greenhouse under arcs with covering material can be purchased as a ready-made kit or assembled by yourself. When deciding to create a structure yourself, you should know a number of features. The arched greenhouse can have any height and width. Optimal width is the distance from 0.6 to 1.2 m. It is directly proportional to the height. Often the width and height are made the same - 1 m. Before installation, you should accurately determine the type of vegetables grown and their height, the installation site of the structure. A greenhouse made of arcs looks like in the photo.

Important! The greenhouse can be collapsible or installed on a foundation, with a service life of several years.

Material used

Arcs under the greenhouse are not installed further than 1 m from each other. It is worth considering that the collapsible design has less strength. By reducing the distance between the arcs for a greenhouse in St. Petersburg, you can make it more stable and strong. The size of the arc for the planned greenhouse depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. When making arcs for a greenhouse with your own hands, you need to take into account the material used at home:

tree branches;
aluminum profile;
heating pipes;
hose and wire;
plastic or metal pipes.

The choice of material from which do-it-yourself arcs for a greenhouse will be made remains with the owner.

Having chosen tree branches, it is worthwhile to understand that such a greenhouse made of arcs with covering material will reliably last no more than a season. The branches are interconnected and firmly fixed, they can be combined with a used hose. The bark is not removed from them. When choosing strong long branches, the structure can turn out without an arched vault, rectangular.

Important! Aluminum profile help create a strong and robust design, which will last more than one year.

Arcs are fastened with nuts or bolts. Such a frame is lightweight, easy to attach the covering material. The disadvantage is the relatively high cost of the material.

It is easy to assemble a frame from pipes using factory couplings and fastening systems designed for them. Curvature can be a problem metal pipe for the purpose of using it as an arc on a greenhouse, which is used to fix the covering material. For this you need to have special equipment. The use of plastic blanks is much easier. They bend easily and give the frame the desired strength. The main thing is to properly fix them to the ground, using special stakes from half a meter long, made of metal or wood. The pipe is put on the resulting peg. If you try to drive plastic arcs for a greenhouse into the ground, they can be damaged or split. The larger the diameter of the pipe, the more reliable the design will be. In the presence of a wooden box, a plastic pipe can be fixed with a metal bracket to a tree.

The flexibility of plastic is also badly reflected in the strength of the structure. The plastic arc used for the greenhouse bends easily when pressed or carelessly handled. The door is best made using a wooden box, as this part is most often used. To facilitate the operation of a prefabricated greenhouse on arcs with covering material, a completely wooden box is used, to which plastic arcs for the greenhouse are attached. The use of a metal arc for a greenhouse in a PVC sheath occurs in a similar way.

Important! Making a metal frame will be difficult.

Availability welding equipment will become one of the main conditions. Difficulties will also arise when bending the metal. It is easier to cut it and, fixing it by welding, attach desired shape, having received a metal arc for a greenhouse in a PVC sheath.

Metal carcass often installed on a finished foundation, in which fasteners are left. You will need rods, long for the entire length of the greenhouse, and short, for making arcs. A greenhouse made of metal arcs with a covering material will be the most durable and reliable.

Greenhouse material

Covering material for a high greenhouse made of arcs must meet a number of requirements:

be translucent;
protect against temperature fluctuations;
differ in strength.

The choice is made between materials:

film coating (PVC or reinforced film);
nonwoven material;
polycarbonate.

The film coating for a greenhouse made of arcs with a covering material differs in its characteristics and price. Plain PVC film is inexpensive. It transmits enough light, withstands large temperature fluctuations. This material is harmless to environment, does not emit toxins that settle in the soil. Its service life is not more than one year. The disadvantage of using a film coating will be the creation of condensate inside the greenhouse, preventing the penetration of moisture and fresh air. The reinforced film has greater strength, which ensures a longer service life. However, it transmits light 30% less than usual, and it is also expensive. This makes it of little use for greenhouses.

Nonwovens are getting more and more popular. One of them is spunbond. It lets exactly that much heat into the greenhouse. To keep the plant comfortable, preventing it from overheating or burning out in too much sun. The ability to pass water and air makes the atmosphere inside the greenhouse with the covering material most favorable for growing, and even allows watering from above. Spunbond comes in handy to prevent crop loss due to invading birds or insects. It won't warp or crack and will last for several seasons. However, he is not able to protect the crop from excess rain. Often there is a need to additionally cover the greenhouse from above with another material - moisture-proof. The fastening of such material is similar to the fastening of the film.

Polycarbonate is often used as a covering material. It has a long service life. Its thermal insulation ability depends on the density of the material. It transmits light very well. A light weight and the design ensures ease of installation. However, the cost of such material is expensive.

Important! Over time, polycarbonate, exposed to the sun and water, may crack.

Film fastening methods

There are many ways to securely fasten the film. The easiest way is with a wooden greenhouse, to which it is nailed, having previously wrapped around a special plank in several layers. This will prevent damage to the material. The metal frame should be wrapped with a white cloth or wrapped with pieces of old hoses, as it is exposed to temperatures and gets very hot. You can make holes in the metal and fix the film on the screws. The stretched film is strengthened with a cord or fishing line, which is attached with a small step from the inside and outside greenhouse. arcs from plastic pipes they simply cover it with a film and fix it on top in several places with a cut pipe of a slightly larger diameter. The main thing is to make the edges smooth so that they do not tear the film. On sale there are special clips for the film, which will facilitate the fastening of the covering material to the arcs of the greenhouse.

When installing from polycarbonate, it is worth protecting the ends of the sheet with special devices or self-adhesive tape. Do not forget about the holes for the condensate outlet, which must be left.

Polycarbonate is attached to a metal frame using special self-tapping screws or a thermal washer. Their use will protect the shelter from the penetration of air through the attachment point. Considering that polycarbonate can expand when exposed to heat, it is not fixed very firmly, leaving room for movement. In places where the material contacts the metal, the frame is wrapped with thermal film.

What type of covering material to choose is up to the user. PVC film is the most budget option. The use of glass and polycarbonate will be more expensive, but their service life is much longer. Non-woven fiber will ensure the maintenance of a favorable microclimate in the greenhouse. Its use will allow you to rarely visit the garden and is ideal for summer residents who visit the site by accident. In addition, temporary shelters for seedlings are easier to make from a film.

Ready kits for a greenhouse

There are a number of ready-made greenhouses with sewn-in arcs of mass production. The convenience of their acquisition lies in the ease of installation and the presence detailed instructions. There is no need to search for components and their connection. Most popular models:

Dayas

It uses a sewn-in covering material and arcs made of polymer 0.20 cm thick. The length of the arc for a greenhouse is from 4 to 6 m. Special legs serve as fastening to the ground of the structure. Appearance a greenhouse made of arcs sheathed with covering material is shown in the photo.

Snowdrop

PVC arches make the greenhouse strong enough. The length of the arc for shelter can reach 8 m. The ready-made kit contains both legs and clamping clips.

cucumber

has a design from a galvanized profile. The kit includes PVC film, screws, nuts for fastening, fixing rails, cords for fixing the film. This greenhouse can be called the highest among greenhouses made of arcs with the use of covering material.

The websites of companies producing greenhouses from arcs with covering material give detailed information about assembling models, including a detailed video.

Except ready-made kits for a greenhouse, available individual elements. So, the arcs used for shelter can not be made by yourself, but taken as a kit anywhere in the country.

Rules for attaching a film to a greenhouse

It is very convenient and reliable to cover the greenhouse with a conveyor belt. It is cut into strips of 2-3 centimeters and nailed with ordinary nails.

The film is nailed onto the frame not directly, but through wooden glazing bead or rail. But if the film on the frame and bead is held only with nails, there is a danger that the tree will dry out over time. This will cause the tension to loosen and the cover to sag. This can be avoided by wrapping a plastic film around wooden lath and secured with packing tape. The tape must be pressed against the film and attached with a construction stapler. It is better to use 6-8 cm staples. When working with reinforced film, it is better not to use nails, but to fix it with furniture stapler staples.

It is necessary to choose the right degree of film tension. Too tightly stretched - it will soon tear, weakly - sag, deformed. For optimal tension of the film material, a polypropylene cord tension can be used. With a step of 1 meter, the letter Z, the cord is attached over the film. Instead of a propylene cord, you can use a rope or a rubber band.

You can avoid the problem of dripping condensate from the film onto the plants by providing a kind of grooves from the film for draining water. It is necessary to knock out the film between the racks so that a natural drain forms.

The metal frame of the greenhouse wipes polyethylene very quickly. You can significantly slow down the process by wrapping the frame with a cloth in problem areas Or cover them with duct tape. When using a polymer frame, such problems are not observed.

Another disadvantage metal structure- it gets very hot in the sun, and the temperature in the greenhouse rises to undesirable levels. If a metal elements paint with light paint, then the heating will become less. However, the paint will not help to avoid rubbing the film. To solve both problems together, light plastic pipes can be put on metal racks. Instead of plastic pipes, you can use rubber hoses or bicycle tires. You just need to pre-paint them white. The light coating of the metal reduces its heating by half. At the same time, we must not forget that the wooden frame does not heat up and does not wipe the film.

A low-budget version of a home-made greenhouse under the film

The simplest and cheap option self-built summer cottage - "film" greenhouse arched structure. The sequence of actions for its manufacture is as follows:

Any building starts with a foundation. Vertical metal pipe sections, about 40 centimeters long, are dug into the ground. A tee is welded to the end, lowered into the ground, it will act as an anchor. A crosspiece is welded to the free end. An 80 cm piece of pipe is attached to one wing of the cross. The same distance will be later between the arches. The whole structure is welded in detail in a line. Its length is equal to the estimated length of the greenhouse.
Greenhouse installation. Fits horizontally into a shallow groove bottom trim and sags a little. An arched rod is welded into the cross of the foundation pipes (also vertically). A length of 5.5 meters will suffice. The second end of the rod is welded to the opposite harness.
Strengthening the structure. For him, boards are needed, the thickness of which is 25 mm, the width is 10 cm. The boards must be treated with an antiseptic. The reinforcement is attached to the frame longitudinally.
Installation of the greenhouse ridge. Two wooden planks are screwed to each arch along the entire length of the greenhouse with self-tapping screws. One bar is outside, the other is inside.
Greenhouse cover. It is necessary to cover the greenhouse on top with the selected film and fix it using one of the methods discussed above. The free hanging ends of the film are dug into the ground.
In pre-selected places of the structure, doorways and vents are cut and installed.

More recently, greenhouse craftsmen have discovered another material suitable for building a "green house". This is an ordinary large-mesh metal grid. It serves as an excellent frame for a film greenhouse. The wire from which the mesh is made is light and bends well. Today it is actively used for portable structures. If the mesh is chosen as the material of the frame, then the floor of the greenhouse is also made from it. For the floor, you can use material with smaller, but rigid cells.