Japanese maples in tubs and at home

Japanese maple is a perennial ornamental plant ( small tree or shrub) growing in southern countries in open ground. In autumn, maple leaves acquire pink, purple, burgundy hues and combinations thereof. Decorative varieties rarely grow more than three meters in height.

Japanese maple. Landing and care

Japanese maple prefers acidic soil. For the normal growth of a tree, it needs to be fertilized once a year (late spring - early summer). Japanese maple is very fond of watering. In summer it needs to be watered once a week, in winter - once every 4 weeks. With a lack of water, the tree grows very slowly.

Japanese maple - breeding

Do you want to grow maple in your yard? First, decide which variety you want to grow. It depends on how you plant it. A number of varieties are grown from seeds, others from cuttings and grafts.

Before boarding seeds Japanese maple within 4 months are kept in damp sand in the refrigerator.In the middle of spring, germinated seeds are planted in sandy soil previously fertilized with humus. Then water generously. The distance between the holes is not less than one and a half meters.

cuttings Japanese maple occurs as follows: a stalk with two or three leaves is cut off in summer period and rooted in the ground. Living in areas with a predominantly continental climate, you will need to keep the Japanese maple (and especially the fan maple) in tubs.

Fan maples grow small and therefore grow well in pots which are exposed to outdoors during the warm season. In the cold season, trees growing in tubs should be kept in a dry, cool room, and during the dry season, the tub should be rearranged in a semi-shaded area. Although the Japanese maple loves the sun, it should be kept out of direct sunlight to avoid leaf scorch.

When keeping Japanese maple indoors, humidity and air temperature should be controlled - avoid dry air and heat. Equally important is the level of soil moisture. For the normal growth of a tree in a tub, it must be watered daily in the morning.

Caring for a maple tree in a tub

Japanese maple, like other plants of Japanese origin, needs wintering in cool and high humidity. For this, balconies or loggias are suitable; in case of frost, cover the tree with some canvas. Remember maple can withstand negative temperatures, but dry air is contraindicated for him.

The crown of the Japanese maple is formed by pruning branches. This process should be done in the fall. When growing Japanese maples in pots, it is necessary to feed the plants once a year. mineral fertilizers otherwise the plant may die.Transplantation, Japanese maple tolerates easily. Maple has a small root system. Transplantation (replacement with a larger pot) should be done every 3-4 years.

Japanese maple. Varieties and varieties

Japanese maple has a number of varieties that are distinguished by very beautiful leaves: - the Japanese maple itself. It has picturesque carved leaves of bright color (from green to dark cherry);

Fan maple has a lot of varieties - "Bloodgood" with a very dark leaves, Beni Kawa with light leaves, Katsura, Osakazuki, Nicholsonii - all these varieties have excellent decorative qualities.

Japanese maple. Diseases

The scourge of Japanese maple is fungal infections, among which are the following:

• verticillium wilt - on young maple plants (in which the wood has not yet matured), the leaves begin to curl up, then the branches dry out;
• black bark mold - the disease occurs with insufficient watering. In this case, the plant dies.
• In some cases, Japanese maple can get sickpowdery mildew.

When such diseases are found in spring period all affected branches should be urgently removed (to healthy areas), while disinfecting the tool after each cut.In a later period, when signs of the disease are detected, the plants are treated with sulfur-containing preparations.

For normal ventilation of the tree, you need to regularly cut it and thin out the crown. Do not abuse nitrogen-containing fertilizers - nitrogen weakens trees and encourages aphids to thrive. Japanese maples are very picturesque, and therefore all the efforts spent on growing and maintaining trees are completely justified.

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Leaves are perhaps the most underestimated feature of plants. But it is the leaves of the Japanese maple that are the keys to the successful design of your garden.

Japanese maple (Acer japonicum) and palmate maple (Acer palmatum) - highly decorative and shrubs (in cultivation) come from Japan and Korea. These two species, as well as a variety of the second -fan maple (Acer palmatum Dissectum) - createa group of Japanese maples. miniature maple varieties grow well in Japan, but they can be easily grown in our climate. The most resistant is the green-leaved maple and its red-leaved varieties 'Atropurpureum' and 'Bloodgood'.

Japanese maples are growing very slowly and, as a rule, reach several meters in height. In Japan largest tree at the age of 100 years, reaches 10 meters in height and 40 centimeters in trunk diameter. UsuallyJapanese maple And palmate maple grow up to 8 m, andfan maple - no more than 2-3 m in height.

When200 years ago Since these plants began to be imported from Japan and had been growing there for centuries, European botanists were stunned by their incredible variety. Europeans originally christened them with a Latin name -Acer polymorphum . And from this group, perhaps, this Japanese maple was one of the first that was brought to our region. This type of maple has almostround leaves , most of them are up to 15 cm long and consist of 7-, 9-, 11-, 13 feather-like lobes. They are very similar to the human hand. Because of the shape of the leaves, this maple has another name -hauchiwa-kaede . Allocate four main varieties Japanese maples: - a typical Japanese maple A. japonicum, in which the shares are connected almost together and the leaf seems to be solid.Other maples: A. japonicum ‘Aconitifolium’, A. japonicum ‘Dissectum’, A. japonicum ‘Vitifolium’.

Japanese maplelooks very impressive duringflowering in May. His flowers red or yellow-green color, large, up to 15 mm in diameter. But the most impressive tree is in autumn, whenleaves acquire a charming color. In direct sunlight, the leaves turn red and purple, shading into bright orange and red. They look stunning!

The best varieties: Japanese maple Senkaki (Acer palmatum ‘Senkaki’ or ‘Sango-kaku’), MapleGarnet (Acer Palmatum ‘Garnet’, Acer palmatum var. dissectum ‘Garnet’), MapleKatsura (Acer Palmatum ‘Katsura’, Acer palmatum var. dissectum ‘Katsura’), MapleButterfly (Acer Palmatum ‘Butterfly’, Acer palmatum var. dissectum ‘Butterfly’).

Japanese maple Senkaki is an attractive and compact tree, a popular variety that is sure to be appreciated by lovers of Japanese maples.tree height - up to two meters, suitable for growing in large pots and containers.Leaves lobed, usually the leaf has five lobes, in autumn the color becomes orange, bright.

Maple Japanese Senkaki (photo):

Maple Garnet- incredibly beautiful maple, you can look at it endlessly, and especially in the autumn season. Mediumheight maple - four meters. The main highlight is the unusual spreading crown, as well as the color of the leaves in autumn months they become carmine red.

Maple Garnet (photo):

Every gardener will be able to grow a very beautiful Japanese maple. You only need to choose right place for planting, and also spend a little time caring for it.

Landing.Be sure to choose the right place to land. It would be perfect for them.a place sunny or partly shaded, sheltered from the winds. They tolerate some shade but are prettier when grown in full sun. Yes these treesdo not like transplants. Once you have planted Japanese maples, they should not be repotted because it is very easy to damage their delicate roots.

Japanese maples frost resistant. Relativelysoil requirements , then they should not be planted in wet soils. Japanese maples are sensitive plants.The soil should contain a high proportion of humus and havesubacid reaction . If the soil is sandy, then it needs to be enriched with fertile garden soil. Due to the fact that the roots of these plants grow close to the ground, it is necessary to level the place where they are planted well. Thus, you will be able to createheat-insulating layer , which will perform its protective function both in winter and in summer. It is also necessary to cover young maple seedlings.in winter as these plants can suffer from frost. Also, in early spring shelter will contribute not too fasttheir kidney development.

Japanese maple perfect for . All thanks to himcompact growth . But for the winter, plants in tubs should be moved to a frost-free room. It grows slowly and is also very picturesque. Besides thatjapanese mapleeasy to grow, it will provide you much joy in summer and autumn with its beautiful leaves, which change their color with the onset of cold weather. Expect fireworks of fiery red, brown, yellow and orange leaves.

Care.After planting, a young maple mustneed to be fed . The first top dressing is a month after planting, then they are fed once every four weeks. fitcomplex fertilizers and compost. After winter period necessarilytake away frozen branches. Gardeners do not recommend cutting tree crowns, because Japanese maple pleasesexactly with its natural beauty. Also, don't forgetmulch the soil before the start of the winter season.In hot weather be sure to watch the soil, mapledoes not like dry land . Sometimes the leaves of the plant are also sprayed, do it in hot weather. Maple pest -gall mite . Keep a close eye on the leaves, if you see something suspicious, it's best to immediatelyremove leaf.

Many varieties of mapleseeds fall in autumn, but there are varieties whose seeds can be collected in summer. Seeds are of medium size, most often Brown color, in the people they are often called “helicopters”, because they very slowly fall to the ground, and at the same time they rotate. There are some difficulties when growing maple from seeds. It all depends on the chosen variety. It is easiest to grow maples, in which the seeds fall in spring or summer.

After youcollected seeds , they need to be placedinto the cold. It is best to hide the seeds in an airtight bag before this (zippered lunch bags are suitable). harvested seeds put in the refrigerator. Suitable for each varietytemperature , best option- 3-5 degrees of heat. Constantlycheck bag with seeds, it must not be condensed or excess moisture. Seeds are taken out after 120 days. Seeds of some varieties can be planted after 90 days of cold.germinated seeds can be planted in small containers only when a second tier of leaves appears on a small sprout. Now you canplant a tree into the ground.

fan maple is a wonderful decoration of every garden or park. It is an excellent compact tree that impresses with the beauty of its leaves. Fan maple is one of the varieties of Japanese maple, because the historicalMotherland tree - Japan, and also grows naturally in China and Korea. The tree is very compact.height - about eight meters.Crown very unusual, thick, spherical. Sometimes it has several trunks.Leaves fan maple are very beautiful and large, average length- 12 centimeters, and width - four centimeters. The leaf is divided into lobes.blooms mostly in spring, small flowers in inflorescences, appear laterwinged fruits.

Use in garden design.Japanese maple will look very good in a private garden as well as in city parks. Its interesting and very bright leaves attract attention. you can make itmain focus on its territory, because in autumn it is very difficult not to notice this tree. Japanese maple is very effectively combined with large stones or boulders, and even with small pebbles, which can be scattered near the root of the tree. The crown provides shade so you can plant near the treefern or others shade tolerant plants. landscape designers with good taste can create very unusual compositions usingmaple and coniferous plants , as well as combining maples and flowering shrubs ← Share with your friends!

The Japanese maple differs from the holly-leaved specimen familiar to European latitudes in its peculiar foliage color. Shrubs or trees grow no higher than 10 m and are suitable for decoration garden plot. Subject to the planting conditions, the seedling will quickly take root and eventually produce seeds suitable for further propagation.

Planting for a seedling

The tree attracts attention with an orange or red crown and grayish trunk bark. There are several varieties of plants, seedlings are chosen based on the size of their own plot.

Source: Depositphotos

Japanese maple is distinguished by a peculiar color of foliage

Purchase a young maple in a container. So the roots of the tree will not suffer during planting, and the soil familiar to the plant will increase the chances of survival. Choose a seedling up to a year old, with healthy leaves and no obvious damage.

First of all, find a place on the site suitable for maple, without drafts and with good lighting. Presence nearby big trees undesirable.

The simple landing rules are as follows:

• Prepare a 30 cm deepening in the soil.
• The tree does not like waterlogging, so form a drainage layer from screenings or small stones 5 cm thick.
• Moisten the soil, remove the seedling from the container and place it in the hole.
• Top with soil containing peat.
• Water the young tree, spray the leaves with water.

Maple is undemanding to the composition of the soil, the main condition is the presence of humus. An alkaline environment is categorically not suitable for a plant. Further watering organized frequently, in small volumes.

Growing from seeds

Organize the collection of seeds in the fall, when they begin to fall off. For the next 4 months, keep them in a cold place where the temperature does not exceed +5 ° C, in a container with moistened sand.

Basic cultivation steps:

• In late April or early May, place the seeds for 3 days in hydrogen peroxide to disinfect.
• Mix the soil with sand, peat and humus before planting.
• The depth of maple seeds is over 3 cm. For planting, use containers 20 cm high and 15 cm in diameter.
• Keep the soil moist throughout the next time.

The greenhouse effect will help speed up germination. You will see the first shoots after 2 weeks. After the appearance of the first leaves, transplant the plant into open ground. Maple grows slowly, plant care includes 3 steps:

• timely watering;
• soil loosening;
• weed removal.

Subject to the conditions of planting and care by autumn, maple sprouts will reach a height of 20–35 cm. After 1–3 years, transplant the seedlings to permanent place.

A beautiful plant with caring care attracts with bright foliage and an unusual trunk. Periodic pruning of branches contributes to the formation of the crown of the desired shape.

Japanese maples are rightfully considered the most decorative and spectacular trees. In summer and autumn, they fascinate with the beauty of their leaves, and in winter - with an unusual crown structure, with a great many thin branches.

General information with descriptions of varieties

Japanese maples include palm-shaped maple (Acer palmatum), fan maple (Dissectum), and Japanese maple (Acer japonicum), as well as numerous varieties bred on their basis by breeders.

As the name suggests, the Japanese maples are native to the Country rising sun. All of them are distinguished by decorative carved leaves of purple and bright orange colors and shades, and beautiful building crowns.

The sizes of Japanese maples, depending on the species, range from 2-3 meters to 8 meters in height. Palm maples are taller, and fan maples are short. Flowers are no different. large sizes, have a yellow-green or red color, which depends on the variety. Lionfish seeds grow from the flowers, which scatter over long distances, growing into new trees. Many Japanese maples are distinguished by their decorative crown and bark. Due to these features, the tree becomes a real decoration of the garden or greenhouse.

In addition to the basic varieties, there are many hybrid forms bred in Japan. Each of these forms has a name that conveys the peculiarity of the variety, the main thing is to understand them correctly.

• Shirasawa maple (Acer shirasawanum) is one of the smallest, about 1.5 meters high. Its leaves are wide, with a border around the edges, yellow-orange in color.
• Variety "Bloodgood" has a unique ink-black leaf color.
• The Beni Kava variety has bright scarlet, light leaves and a fiery red, ruby ​​​​hue of the bark.
• The Katsura variety has red young leaves that turn green in summer and golden in autumn.
• 'Nicholsonii' leaves are green in summer and brick red in autumn.
• Variety "Aconitifolium" - multi-stemmed, with curved branches and dark red foliage.
• Variety "Mikawa yatsubusa" is different small size- up to 1.5 meters, dense, squat crown. Its leaves consist of thin, needle-shaped lobes, bright green in summer and orange-red in autumn.
• Variety "Shino Buga Oka" is not tall, from 1 meter to 1.2-1.3 meters in height. The plant is very spreading, with decorative leaves, bright green in summer and yellow-orange in autumn.

Landing and care

In the wild, Japanese maple grows well in soil rich in humus and slightly acidic. Prefers semi-shady places and a stable level of humidity.

Japanese maple does not like highly alkaline soils, places with stagnant moisture and poor water permeability. However, drying out and the scorching rays of the daylight also have a bad effect on the decorativeness of its leaves. More than others, varieties of Japanese maples with two-color or bordered leaves suffer from direct sunlight, such varieties should be planted in partial shade.

The best thing decorative properties of these plants appear in abundant, diffused light. In a park or garden, they will feel good in places where the sun is in the morning and in the evening, and where it does not look during the day. The choice of a place for planting maple is facilitated by the fact that it is not afraid of drafts.

It must be remembered that Japanese maples are heat-loving plants, they do not tolerate spring frosts that damage young leaves. Due to the low frost resistance in middle lane In Russia, trees need to be wrapped with covering material for the winter, for example, garden fleece.

In areas with a mild climate in winter, maple branches must be freed from adhering wet snow in order to protect them from breakage, fan maple suffers especially from snow. But when the branches are covered with ice after a “hot rain” or a thaw, they should not be touched - they will break.

In summer, especially in drought, maples need to be watered abundantly and often, spray leaves in the morning or evening. In conditions of lack or excess of moisture, under the influence of dry and hot wind, under the scorching sun, the tree will experience real stress, which will make itself felt by drying the tips of the leaves and dropping the leaves.

If this happens, the maple begins to be watered more often, sprayed, and fertilizing is canceled. These measures will help bring it back to life, and new leaves will appear on it even in summer.

In spring and autumn, the soil around the trunk should be mulched with leaf humus, tree bark, garden compost, and wood chips. Mulching is of great importance for a tree - protection from drying out of the soil in summer, protection of roots from freezing in winter, additional fertilizer all year round.

To prevent the trunk from rotting, organic materials used for mulching should not be poured next to it.

In the spring, fertilizer granules are introduced into the soil under the tree, and only then it is covered with humus or compost mulch, and sprinkled with colored wood chips on top. Spring feeding maple will have enough slow-acting fertilizers for the whole year, nitrogenous fertilizers are categorically contraindicated for it.

If maple grows on poor soil, it must be fed 2 times a year with long-acting minerals - in spring and summer.

As for pruning, it is carried out only on mature and old thickened trees that have lost their former decorative effect. They need pruning in order to make the crown more transparent, lighter, and open to air and sunlight - these measures will be an excellent prevention of fungal diseases. Pruning should be done during the dormant period - in early spring or late autumn when there are no leaves on the tree.

Young maples do not need pruning, the trees grow very slowly, and beautiful crown they form naturally.

reproduction

The Japanese maple is propagated by seeds and in vivo, and in culture. Seeds must be fresh, they are harvested as they ripen, most often in October.

Seeds for stratification are placed in dry sand and taken out to a cool place. In the spring, they are sown in a container, pre-treated with growth-stimulating agents.

Over the summer, seedlings do not grow too much, but already in this state you can separate strong seedlings from the weak. Weak ones are removed, and strong ones are sent for the winter to a cool room with a positive temperature. In the spring they are transplanted into tubs or pots, and when they reach a height of 30 centimeters or more, they are planted in open ground, in a tub or in a greenhouse for a permanent place. If the maple is to grow in a tub, the soil in it should be rich in organic fertilizers.

Another type of propagation of Japanese maples is the grafting of cuttings on a strong stock of a similar type, for example, palmate maple.

Maple in the garden

In regions with a cold climate, Japanese maples are grown in tubs, which are brought into a cool room for the winter. Growing maple trees in a tub has another advantage - the ability to move them, if necessary, in the shade, in the sun or in a place protected from wind, hail and rain.

Since the trees are stunted, in Japan, tubs with them are placed on a stand so that their wonderful beauty is better seen.

Needless to say, an ornamental tree goes well with other garden inhabitants - shrubs, trees, flowers, ornamental grasses. The tree will decorate with itself any corner of the garden - a reservoir, a rockery, a stone Japanese garden.

Maples, whose leaves become most decorative in autumn, will look good next to autumn flowers - chrysanthemums, oaks, asters. They can be planted next to a tree in order to finally admire the colorful and bright beauty of the autumn garden.

Good neighbors for Japanese maples will be low-growing evergreen shrubs after shearing, for example, boxwood, juniper, ornamental conifers.

IN last resort, you can do without flowers and shrubs - just fill the ground around with painted fine gravel or chips.

Japanese red maple- This is a very beautiful, decorative spectacular tree.

All summer and autumn, these beautiful plants delight the eye with their extraordinary beauty, and in winter you can enjoy the unusual structure of their crown.

It has many thin branches.

Description and varieties of red maple

To the red Japanese maples relate: hand-shaped, fan And Japanese maple, and many more varieties that breeders bred based on the above.

From the name of the tree, you can understand that the birthplace of the Japanese maple is the Land of the Rising Sun. Among themselves, they differ in carved leaves, which have purple or bright orange colors and shades, and the crown is also a difference.

The size of the trees depends on their species, they are three meters wide and up to eight meters high. Bladed maples may be taller, while fan maples are undersized species. The flowers of the red maple are small, they are red or yellow-green in color, the color depends on the variety. After flowering, the flowers turn into lionfish seeds, these seeds scatter for many kilometers and later new trees grow from them. These trees are very beautiful and will decorate any garden or park.

Tree types:

In addition to the above varieties, there are many hybrid forms that were bred in Japan. Here are some of them:

Japanese maple planting and care

Trees that grow in the wild prefer humus-rich soil that is slightly acidic. And they also like places where there is partial shade and stable humidity.

Soil for planting a tree

A tree of this species will not grow in soil where there is a lot of alkali, and also does not like places where water stagnates and there is no water permeability. But the scorching rays of the sun, and the drying of the soil, have a very bad effect on appearance leaves. Species that have two-color or bordered leaves suffer the most from the scorching sun. Such varieties should grow in partial shade.

Very good japanese view develops in abundant, diffused light.

Trees will feel best in gardens and parks, where the bright sun appears in the morning and in the evening, and where it will not appear during the day. This tree is not at all afraid of drafts.

It is important not to forget that Japanese maples are heat-loving trees, they are very afraid of spring frosts, frosts damage their young leaves. For this reason, trees must be covered with garden fleece for the winter.

In areas where the climate is mild, maple branches need to be cleared of snow, as they can break under its weight. Fan maple suffers the most from snow.

During the period of drought, maples need to be watered often and a lot, it is necessary to spray the leaves in the morning and evening. If this is not done, then the tree under the scorching sun and from the lack of moisture will experience very great stress, this will be shown by its sheets, the tips, which will dry and then fall off.

If this happens, then the tree must be watered frequently, sprayed regularly and stop feeding. This will help him recover and regain his former appearance.

In spring and autumn, it is necessary to mulch the soil around the trunk, humus from the foliage, tree bark, garden compost and various wood chips are suitable for this. Mulching is very important for Japanese maple. It will protect the soil from drying out, and root system from freezing will also serve as fertilizer all year round.

Before mulching with compost or humus, approval granules must be introduced into the ground, and then sprinkled with colored chips on top of the soil. A spring top dressing that is slow acting and will nourish the maple tree all year round. But it is strictly forbidden to feed a tree with nitrogenous fertilizers.

If the soil in which maple grows is poor in minerals, then fertilizer must be applied twice a year, it must be minerals that act for a long time. In this case, you need to feed the tree in spring and summer.

Pruning is needed only for adults and old, very dense trees that have lost their decorative effect. Such trees need pruning to make them look lighter and more transparent, especially since pruning is also a prevention of fungal diseases. Pruning is carried out when the maple is in a dormant period - this is early spring or late autumn.

If behind the tree proper care, then it will delight you with its beauty for many years.

Japanese maple in general propagated by seeds. Seeds for propagation must be fresh, they must be collected immediately after ripening, most often this is done in October.

Seeds for propagation must be placed in a dry bag and put in a cool place. In the spring, the seeds must be planted in containers, before that they must be treated with an agent that stimulates growth.

Three summer months seedlings grow a little, but it is already possible to separate weak seedlings and strong ones. Weak seedlings must be removed, and strong ones should be placed in a cool place, but with a positive temperature. In the spring, strong seedlings should be planted in pots, and when they reach thirty centimeters in height, they should be transplanted into open ground, where they will grow constantly. If you decide to plant maple in a tub, then do not forget that the soil in it must be rich in organic fertilizers.

You can also propagate Japanese maple - by grafting cuttings on a strong stock of the same type.

Japanese maple in the garden

In areas dominated by cold climate maples should be grown in tubs so that they can be moved to a cool, but not frosty place for the winter.

Growing a tree in a tub has another plus - it can be moved to the shade, the sun or any other place, and it also makes it possible to protect the maple from heavy rain or hail.

In Japan, these trees are set on a base, this is done so that their beauty is better visible, since the trees are stunted.

Japanese maple blends very well with others. ornamental plants, namely: shrubs, other trees, various flowers and ornamental grass. Japanese maple will decorate any garden, pond, stone garden, park or just a place to relax.

Japanese maples will be very beautifully combined with such autumn colors - asters, oaks and chrysanthemums. It will be especially beautiful in autumn, as maple leaves change their color at this time and become the most decorative.

Maples with undersized trees will also look good. evergreen shrubs: decorative coniferous bushes, boxwood and juniper.