The device of the cold water supply system. Cold water systems Cold water systems
All existing water supply systems can be divided into two types: centralized and autonomous water supply.
Autonomous types of water supply provide water not a large number of consumers and are intended for private use only. Autonomous (individual) water supply includes water supply using membrane tank, which is called a hydraulic accumulator, and water supply using a storage tank.
Video review - pumping equipment for autonomous water supply
The centralized water supply system is used to provide water to a wide range of consumers. In this case, all water users are connected to single source of water supply. The centralized type is often used in urban-type settlements and other densely populated areas. but central system the water supply may be located in some villages, villages and cottage settlements, but this phenomenon is quite rare. In the absence of a connection to this type of water supply, you have to independently arrange an autonomous water supply system for your country house. The principle of their work is as follows:
- Autonomous (individual) water supply
- Autonomous types of water supply are quite widely used in the construction of summer cottages, cottages and country houses.
- A pre-made well or dug well is equipped with a submersible pump, to which the pipeline system is subsequently connected.
- The pipeline is laid and brought into the living quarters.
- Further, the pipeline system is connected to a water purification filter, an automatic relay and a hydraulic accumulator.
All this equipment is called a system responsible for water supply. From this system, the pipeline further distributes purified water to consumer (collapsible) points.
Thanks to tie-in in the accumulator the system ensures constant water pressure at the right level even when the power supply is turned off.
Water supply with storage tank installation
In places with constant voltage drops in the power grid, it is customary to use types of water supply using a storage tank. The principle of operation of such a water supply system is as follows:
- On the high level in a private house (often in the attic) they install storage tank which is equipped with a float valve.
- The pipeline is connected to submersible pump, which is installed in a well or well and then wound up in housing.
- In the house, the pipeline is brought in and connected to the bottom of the tank.
- With the help of a pump, water is pumped into the storage tank and when the maximum filling is reached, the pump automatically stops its operation.
- When the water reaches the minimum level, the valve is activated and the pump is switched on again.
- Centralized water supply
The central water supply system is a system in which water enters the common distribution network from several sources (rarely from one). In this case, the provision of a group of consumers with water comes from a single water supply network. Treatment, water intake and water-lifting facilities supply water to consumers who are in their area of operation. Their work takes place according to a pre-agreed schedule.
Central water supply systems have several types, which differ depending on the type of object:
- industrial;
- urban;
- settlement.
Centralized systems can be divided into the following types of water supply: industrial, fire-fighting and household and drinking. Centralized water supply can be separate, combined and incompletely separated.
It is impossible to imagine the full functioning and normal conditions for the life or work of people in buildings and structures for various purposes without the presence of basic communications and engineering systems, including systems of hot water supply (DHW), cold water supply (HVS) and sewerage systems.
The water supply and sewerage system is a complex of engineering structures designed to provide uninterrupted supply of cold and hot water consumers, as well as the disposal of "waste water".
Water supply
Hot water and cold water systems supply water from external networks, through internal networks to the consumer. A water meter or water meter is installed between the external and internal networks. Cold water is supplied with a temperature of up to 30 ° C, hot with a temperature of 50-75 ° C. According to the type of purpose, water supply systems are divided into:
- domestic and drinking water supply
- fire water supply
- industrial and technical water supply
- irrigation water supply
Cold water system includes the following elements:
- water input
- water meter unit (meter)
- pressure booster
- spare and control tanks
- internal water supply network
- pipeline (water folding) fittings
Hot water system supplemented by a device for heating water. Hot water for heating, as a rule, it is a DHW coolant. Heating water, passing through the heat exchanger, heats the water from the cold water supply system, making it hot.
Building cold water system.
1 - input;
2 - water meter unit;
3 - installation for increasing pressure;
4 - spare and control tanks (4a - water pressure tank; 4b - expansion tank);
5 - quarter network;
6 - internal network;
7 - pipeline fittings;
8 - water fittings.
Temperature cold water in the water supply system depends on the weather and the location of the water source. Sources are underground (artesian water) waters and also superficial reservoirs. The same water is used in cold and hot water supply, just part of the cold water is heated and used for hot water supply.
Sewerage
The sewerage system is designed to receive, discharge, and treat wastewater. Wastewater is divided into domestic (from sanitary facilities), storm (atmospheric) and industrial. Sewerage is divided into internal and external. The structure of the internal sewerage includes devices and intra-house networks. Outdoor sewerage includes external networks (yard and city), water treatment and spillway facilities.
External sewer systems are divided into general alloy, separating and semi-separating.
Alloy system collects all types of wastewater into a common network, then to a treatment plant.
Separation system sewerage is developed in the form of two networks: household and storm.
Storm system designed to collect atmospheric and industrial wastewater that does not require treatment before being discharged into a reservoir.
Household system designed to collect both domestic and contaminated industrial wastewater.
Semi-separating system The sewerage system differs from the separation one in that the initial most polluted water at the beginning of the rain and all precipitation from short-term rains enter the network going to the treatment plant.
Building sewerage system.
1 - wastewater receivers;
2 - outlet pipes;
3 - sewer riser;
4 - exhaust ventilation pipe;
5 - hydraulic shutter;
6 - release;
7 - yard network;
8 - inspection sewer well;
9 - gap in the laying of the foundation by the amount of the settlement of the building;
10 - drain funnel;
11 - riser of the internal drain.
Internal sewerage system in residential and industrial buildings is being developed as a household one. Together with her, they design buildings internal drains designed for the removal of atmospheric water. Withdrawal is carried out in storm sewer, and in case of its absence, in trays on the pavement in front of the building. The outlet of the drain is equipped with a siphon that protects the system from hypothermia.
The sources of wastewater in buildings are sanitary facilities(sinks, bathtubs, toilets). All sanitary facilities are equipped with flushing devices from the water supply, and wastewater discharged into the sewer through hydraulic gates (siphons). In order to prevent sewer gases from entering the room, the hydraulic seal is made in the form of a U-shaped pipe filled with water. Siphons are usually combined with inspection holes used to clear blockages in pipes. Receivers are connected using various fittings (elbows, crosses, tees, etc.) to sewer risers. Risers are mounted from cast iron, asbestos or plastic socket pipes. In the attic, the riser continues in the form of an exhaust pipe that prevents gases from entering the living quarters.
In order for any residential building to function normally, it is necessary to install a water supply system. Her competent device ensures timely supply and sufficient water pressure. This article will discuss in detail the hot water supply scheme, connection types and its features in an apartment building.
Scheme of water supply and sanitation - Photo 01
What is the peculiarity of the water supply of an apartment building?
Providing water to a building with a large number of storeys is very difficult. After all, the house consists of many apartments with separate bathrooms and plumbing fixtures. In other words, water supply schemes in apartment buildings- this is a kind of complex with separate piping, pressure regulators, filters and accounting equipment.
Most often, residents of high-rise buildings use water central water supply. With the help of a water pipe, it is supplied to individual plumbing fixtures under a certain pressure. Water is often treated with chlorination.
The composition of the central water supply system
Centralized water supply schemes in high-rise buildings consist of a distribution network, water intake facilities and treatment plants. Before getting into the apartment, water travels a long way from pumping station to the reservoir. Only after cleaning and disinfection is water sent to the distribution network. With the help of the latter, water is supplied to appliances and equipment. Pipes of the central scheme of hot water supply high-rise building can be made of copper, metal-plastic and steel.
circuit diagram centralized system water supply - Photo 02
The latter type of material is practically not used in modern buildings.
Types of water supply schemes
The water supply system is of three types:
- collector;
- consistent;
- combined (mixed).
Recently, when a large number of plumbing equipment, use a collector wiring diagram. She is the best option normal operation of all devices. The collector-type hot water supply circuit eliminates pressure drops in different points connections. This is the main advantage of this system.
Scheme of manifold pipe wiring - Photo 03
If we consider the scheme in more detail, we can conclude that there will be no problems with the use of plumbing equipment for its intended purpose at the same time. The essence of the connection is such that each individual water consumer is connected to the collectors of the cold and hot water supply riser in isolation. Pipes do not have many branches, so the likelihood of leakage is very small. Such water supply schemes in multi-storey buildings are easy to maintain, but the cost of equipment is quite high.
According to experts, the hot water collector scheme requires the installation of a more complex installation of plumbing fixtures. However, these negative aspects are not so critical, especially considering the fact that collector circuit there are many advantages, for example - hidden installation of pipes and accounting individual features equipment.
Sequential scheme for distributing water supply pipes in an apartment - Photo 04
A sequential hot water supply scheme for a multi-storey building is the easiest wiring method. Such a system has been tested by time, it was put into operation in the days of the USSR. The essence of its device is that the pipeline of cold and hot water supply is carried out parallel to each other. Engineers advise using this system in apartments with one bathroom and a small amount of sanitary equipment.
In the people, such a hot water supply scheme for a multi-storey building is called a tee. That is, branches come from the main highways, which are connected to each other by tees. Despite the ease of installation and cost savings consumable, this scheme has several major disadvantages:
- In the event of a leak, it is difficult to find damaged areas.
- The impossibility of supplying water to a separate plumbing fixture.
- Difficulty of access to pipes in case of breakage.
Hot water supply of an apartment building. Scheme
Pipe layouts are divided into two types: to the riser of hot and cold water supply. Briefly they are called HVS and DHW. special attention deserves a hot water system apartment building. The scheme of DHW networks consists of two types of wiring - lower and upper. Looped wires are often used to maintain high temperature in the pipeline. The gravitational pressure forces the water to circulate in the ring, despite the lack of water intake. In the riser, it cools and enters the heater. Water with a higher temperature is supplied to the pipes. So there is a continuous circulation of the coolant.
Hot water supply device at home - Photo 05
Dead-end highways are also not uncommon, but most often they can be found in utility rooms. industrial facilities and in small residential buildings with low floors. If the water intake is planned intermittently, then a circulation pipeline is used. Engineers advise using hot water supply in apartment buildings (the diagram was discussed above) with a number of floors no more than 4. A pipeline with a dead-end riser is also found in hostels, sanatoriums and hotels. Pipes of a dead-end network have a lower metal consumption, therefore they cool down faster.
DHW networks include a horizontal main pipeline and distribution risers. The latter provide piping for individual objects - apartments. Hot water supply is mounted as close as possible to the plumbing equipment.
For buildings with a long length of main pipes, schemes with circulation and looped supply pipelines are used. A prerequisite is the installation of a pump to maintain circulation and constant water exchange.
Single-pipe DHW scheme - Photo 06
Two-pipe DHW scheme - Photo 07
Modern builders and engineers are increasingly resorting to the use of two-pipe DHW systems. The principle of operation is that the pump takes water from the return line and supplies it to the heater. Such a pipeline has a higher metal content and is considered the most reliable for consumers.
Application for an approximate calculation of the cost of ventilation systems
In any building of a residential, industrial or administrative type, a cold water supply system is required. Water supply is a complex of installations and engineering networks that perform the function of a stable supply of water to consumers in the required volumes. The standard cold water system includes the following elements:
- the pipeline is engineering network, consisting of pipes (metal or plastic) and shut-off and control valves. The main task of this system is to supply water to consumers;
- distributing unit - serves to effectively distribute the medium through all pipes of the internal network and supply it to plumbing fixtures;
- step-up devices- allow to increase the efficiency of the cold water supply system, to make it as high quality and productive as possible. Installed at the request of the client and if necessary.
Types of cold water systems and their installation procedure
| № | Name and characteristics of materials unaccounted for by prices, unit of measure | Price, rub. | |
| Installation of centrifugal pumps with an electric motor | |||
| Meter: pump | |||
| Installation of centrifugal pumps with an electric motor connection size | |||
| 20 | 25 mm | RUB 2,600.00 | |
| 21 | 32 mm | RUB 2,925.00 | |
| 22 | 40 mm | RUB 3,250.00 | |
| 23 | 50 mm | RUB 3,900.00 | |
| 24 | 65 mm | RUB 5,200.00 | |
| 25 | 80 mm | RUB 7,150.00 | |
| 26 | 100 mm | RUB 10,400.00 | |
| 27 | 125 mm | RUB 15,600.00 | |
| 28 | 150 mm | RUB 20,800.00 | |
| Installation of mud collectors | |||
| Meter: pcs. | |||
| Installation of mud collectors with outer diameter of branch pipes up to | |||
| 29 | 45 mm | RUB 910.00 | |
| 30 | 57 mm | RUB 1,300.00 | |
| 31 | 89 mm | RUB 1,950.00 | |
| 32 | 108 mm | RUB 3,250.00 | |
| 33 | 133 mm | RUB 4,550.00 | |
| 34 | 159 mm | RUB 6,500.00 | |
| 35 | 219 mm | RUB 9,750.00 | |
| 36 | 273 mm | RUB 13,000.00 | |
| Installing filters | |||
| Meter: filter | |||
| Installation of filters with a diameter | |||
| 45 | 15 mm | RUB 169.00 | |
| 46 | 20 mm | RUB 234.00 | |
| 47 | 25 mm | RUB 325.00 | |
| 48 | 32 mm | RUB 390.00 | |
| 49 | 40 mm | RUB 520.00 | |
| 50 | 50 mm | RUB 585.00 | |
| 51 | 100 mm | RUB 780.00 | |
| 52 | 125 mm | RUB 975.00 | |
| 53 | 150 mm | RUB 1,430.00 | |
| Installation of instrumentation and air valves | |||
| Installation of pressure gauges: | |||
| 54 | from three-way valve | RUB 292.00 | |
| 55 | with three-way stopcock and siphon tube | RUB 325.00 | |
| Installation | |||
| 56 | thermometers in the frame of straight and angled | RUB 442.00 | |
| Installation of flange connections on steel pipes wires with a diameter | |||
|
| Meter: connection |
|
|
|
| 32 | 50 mm | RUB 338.00 |
|
| 33 | 65 mm | RUB 386.00 |
|
| 34 | 80 mm | RUB 434.00 |
|
| 35 | 100 mm | RUB 501.00 |
|
| 36 | 125 mm | RUB 578.00 |
|
| 37 | 150 mm | RUB 676.00 |
|
| 38 | 200 mm | RUB 965.00 |
|
| 39 | 250 mm | RUB 1,448.00 |
|
| 40 | 300 mm | RUB 2,220.00 |
|
| 41 | 350 mm | RUB 2,704.00 |
|
| 42 | 400 mm | RUB 4,056.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Laying of water supply pipelines from pressure polyethylene pipes low pressure middle type outside diameter | |||
|
| Meter: 1 m pipeline |
|
|
|
| 48 | 20 mm | RUB 351.00 |
|
| 49 | 25 mm | RUB 390.00 |
|
| 50 | 32 mm | RUB 455.00 |
|
| 51 | 40 mm | RUB 520.00 |
|
| 52 | 50 mm | RUB 611.00 |
|
| 53 | 63 mm | RUB 780.00 |
|
| 54 | 75 mm | RUB 1,040.00 |
|
| 55 | 90 mm | RUB 1,300.00 |
|
| 56 | 110 mm | RUB 1,560.00 |
|
| 57 | 140 mm | RUB 1,820.00 |
|
| 58 | 160 mm | RUB 2,080.00 |
| Installation of valves, gate valves, locks, check valves, check valves on pipelines made of steel pipes with a diameter of up to | |||
|
| Meter: pcs. |
|
|
|
| 59 | 15 mm | RUB 169.00 |
|
| 60 | 20 mm | RUB 234.00 |
|
| 61 | 25 mm | RUB 325.00 |
|
| 62 | 32 mm | RUB 390.00 |
|
| 63 | 40 mm | RUB 520.00 |
|
| 64 | 50 mm | RUB 585.00 |
|
|
| 80mm | RUB 715.00 |
|
| 65 | 100 mm | RUB 780.00 |
|
| 66 | 125 mm | RUB 975.00 |
|
| 67 | 150 mm | RUB 1,430.00 |
|
| 68 | 200 mm | RUB 1,950.00 |
|
| 69 | 250 mm | RUB 2,600.00 |
|
| 70 | 300 mm | RUB 3,250.00 |
|
| 71 | 350 mm | RUB 4,030.00 |
|
| 72 | 400 mm | RUB 4,940.00 |
| Installation of water meter units supplied to the installation site assembled in blocks, with a bypass line with an input diameter of up to | |||
|
| Meter: knot |
|
|
|
| 73 | 65 mm, water meter diameter up to 40 mm | RUB 3,250.00 |
|
| 74 | 100 mm, water meter diameter up to 80 mm | RUB 5,200.00 |
|
| 75 | 150 mm, water meter diameter up to 100 mm | RUB 9,750.00 |
|
| 76 | 200 mm, water meter diameter up to 150 mm | RUB 13,000.00 |
| Installation of counters (water meters) with a diameter up to | |||
|
| Meter: counter (water meter) |
|
|
|
| 77 | 40 mm | RUB 1,300.00 |
|
| 78 | 50 mm | RUB 1,950.00 |
|
| 79 | 80 mm | RUB 3,250.00 |
|
| 80 | 100 mm | RUB 3,900.00 |
|
| 81 | 150 mm | RUB 5,200.00 |
|
| Installation of fire hydrants with a diameter of 50 mm | RUB 910.00 | |
| Installation of watering taps, diameter | |||
|
| Meter: pcs. |
|
|
|
| 82 | 25 mm | RUB 325.00 |
|
| 83 | 32 mm | RUB 390.00 |
|
| 84 | 40 mm | RUB 520.00 |
| Taps in pipelines with a diameter | |||
|
| Meter: inset |
|
|
|
| 89 | 15 mm | RUB 455.00 |
|
| 90 | 20 mm | RUB 455.00 |
|
| 91 | 25 mm | RUB 455.00 |
|
| 92 | 32 mm | RUB 520.00 |
|
| 93 | 40 mm | RUB 520.00 |
|
| 94 | 50 mm | RUB 780.00 |
|
| 95 | 80 mm | RUB 1,040.00 |
|
| 96 | 100 mm | RUB 1,300.00 |
|
| 97 | 125 mm | RUB 1,690.00 |
|
| 98 | 150 mm | RUB 2,210.00 |
|
| 99 | 200 mm | RUB 2,860.00 |
| Taps in existing internal networks of sewerage pipelines with a diameter of | |||
|
| Meter: inset |
|
|
|
| 100 | 50 mm | RUB 585.00 |
|
| 101 | 100 mm | RUB 975.00 |
| Hydraulic testing of pipelines of heating systems, plumbing and hot water supply with a diameter of up to | |||
|
| Meter: 1 m pipeline |
|
|
|
| 102 | 50 mm | RUB 139.00 |
|
| 103 | 100 mm | RUB 148.00 |
|
| 104 | 200 mm | RUB 188.00 |
|
| 105 | 400 mm | RUB 333.00 |
See all price
Installation of cold water supply systems can be carried out both with the installation of a booster pump and without it. In the first case, connecting the pumping unit to the network allows you to create the required pressure in order to supply water to remote points of the building: to the upper floors or to distant rooms. Installation of step-up equipment should be carried out only with the permission of the local water utility. When installing a cold water supply without a pumping unit, the existing pressure in the network is taken into account. If it is sufficient to provide water to all consumers, then a project is developed without raising equipment. There are other nuances that require a professional approach to the design and installation of cold water.
Selection of pipes for cold water systems
For the internal network, as a rule, polypropylene, PVC, metal-plastic, zinc-coated steel products are used. It is also allowed to use brass and copper pipelines. They are connected to plumbing fixtures with flexible hoses made of rubber or stainless steel.
Plastic pipes enjoy in great demand when installing cold water supply systems due to high safety, reliability and tightness. Thanks to these properties, it is possible to lay networks in closed niches, mines or channels. The main thing is to exclude the possibility of mechanical damage to the pipes.
Metal-plastic water pipes cannot be mounted hidden, since the period of use of such engineering networks is limited. Over time, without prevention, pipe joints can leak, and in a walled niche you can’t get close to them.
From our experience, we have concluded that the best way for arranging a reliable and durable cold water supply system for this moment- this polypropylene pipes. They have an unlimited service life, are easy to install and do not require maintenance.
Features of installation of cold water supply systems
The whole project of connecting to the building of the cold water network can be divided into two stages:
- Installation of an external network. In order to deliver water from a well or other source, it is necessary to equip a whole system, which includes pipelines, pumping stations, water treatment and purification devices, wells for inspecting network elements, as well as automatic control devices.
- Mounting internal system cold water supply. When arranging a network inside buildings, it is necessary to remember that cold pipe always laid below the hot main. This is necessary for two reasons: so that condensate from cold water does not drain to hot water and that hot pipe didn't heat up the cold one. In addition, during installation, it is necessary to provide insulation for the pipeline.
- water storage tanks;
- external pipelines;
- pressure regulators.
- network wiring;
- plumbing fixtures;
- filters and counters.
In addition, it is necessary to take into account a number of other nuances. For example, which system is mounted: centralized or standalone? The format and number of storeys of the building also play a role.
Installation of cold water is the same inside buildings. When installing an autonomous system outside buildings, additional communications and devices will be required:
- pumping station, which includes water intake and pressure equipment;
- automatic control and management devices;
- shutoff valves at the entrance to the building;
- water storage tanks;
- external pipelines;
- pressure regulators.
When installing the cold water system in multi-storey buildings, additional pressure pumps are installed. Regardless of the specifics of a particular object, mandatory installation must be carried out:
- connections to the centralized network;
- network wiring;
- plumbing fixtures;
- filters and counters.
The cold water supply system of a private house assumes that the owner has his own well. As a rule, a local engineering network is not particularly complex. In fact, it consists of an automatic pumping station and a pipeline. It is advisable to think over the wiring inside at the stage of general readiness of the house before the finishing works, and the installation and connection of plumbing - after.
Pricing in the installation of a cold water supply system depends on many factors. One of them is the choice of pipes, which affects the scope of work. For example, steel pipe rolling requires electric welding operations, which are more time consuming and expensive. Arrangement plastic water pipes comes out cheaper. The calculation also takes into account whether new construction or renovation of an existing building is underway.
To find out specific prices for your project, call the managers of GSP-Service. The specialist will call the master to your object to take measurements and draw up an estimate.
In order for any residential building to function normally, it is necessary to install a water supply system. Its competent device will ensure timely supply and sufficient water pressure. This article will discuss in detail the hot water supply scheme, connection types and its features in an apartment building.
What is the peculiarity of the water supply of an apartment building?
Providing water to a building with a large number of storeys is very difficult. After all, the house consists of many apartments with separate bathrooms and plumbing fixtures. In other words, water supply schemes in apartment buildings are a kind of complex with separate piping, pressure regulators, filters and metering equipment.
Most often, residents of high-rise buildings use water from the central water supply. With the help of a water pipe, it is supplied to individual plumbing fixtures under a certain pressure. Water is often treated with chlorination.
The composition of the central water supply system
Centralized water supply schemes in multi-storey buildings consist of a distribution network, water intake facilities and treatment plants. Before getting into the apartment, the water goes a long way from the pumping station to the reservoir. Only after cleaning and disinfection is water sent to the distribution network. With the help of the latter, water is supplied to appliances and equipment. The pipes of the central hot water supply scheme of a multi-storey building can be made of copper, metal-plastic and steel.
The latter type of material is practically not used in modern buildings.
Types of water supply schemes
The water supply system is of three types:
- collector;
- consistent;
- combined (mixed).
Recently, when a large number of plumbing equipment is increasingly found in apartments, they use collector wiring diagram . It is the best option for the normal functioning of all devices. The collector-type hot water supply circuit eliminates pressure drops at different connection points. This is the main advantage of this system.
If we consider the scheme in more detail, we can conclude that there will be no problems with the use of plumbing equipment for its intended purpose at the same time. The essence of the connection is such that each individual water consumer is connected to the collectors of the cold and hot water supply riser in isolation. Pipes do not have many branches, so the likelihood of leakage is very small. Such water supply schemes in multi-storey buildings are easy to maintain, but the cost of equipment is quite high.
According to experts, the hot water collector scheme requires the installation of a more complex installation of plumbing fixtures. However, these negative aspects are not so critical, especially considering the fact that the collector circuit has many advantages, for example, hidden installation of pipes and taking into account the individual characteristics of the equipment.
Sequential scheme of hot water supply multi-storey building - this is the easiest way to wire. Such a system has been tested by time, it was put into operation in the days of the USSR. The essence of its device is that the pipeline of cold and hot water supply is carried out parallel to each other. Engineers advise using this system in apartments with one bathroom and a small amount of plumbing equipment.
In the people, such a hot water supply scheme for a multi-storey building is called a tee. That is, branches come from the main highways, which are connected to each other by tees. Despite the ease of installation and saving consumables, this scheme has several main disadvantages:
- In the event of a leak, it is difficult to find damaged areas.
- The impossibility of supplying water to a separate plumbing fixture.
- Difficulty of access to pipes in case of breakage.
Hot water supply of an apartment building. Scheme
Pipe layouts are divided into two types: to the riser of hot and cold water supply. Briefly they are called HVS and DHW. The hot water supply system of an apartment building deserves special attention. The scheme of DHW networks consists of two types of wiring - lower and upper. Looped wires are often used to maintain high temperature in the pipeline. The gravitational pressure forces the water to circulate in the ring, despite the lack of water intake. In the riser, it cools and enters the heater. Water with a higher temperature is supplied to the pipes. So there is a continuous circulation of the coolant.
Dead-end highways are also not uncommon, but most often they can be found in the utility rooms of industrial facilities and in small residential buildings with low floors. If the water intake is planned intermittently, then a circulation pipeline is used. Engineers advise using hot water supply in apartment buildings (the diagram was discussed above) with a number of floors no more than 4. A pipeline with a dead-end riser is also found in hostels, sanatoriums and hotels. Pipes of a dead-end network have a lower metal consumption, therefore they cool down faster.
DHW networks include a horizontal main pipeline and distribution risers. The latter provide piping for individual objects - apartments. Hot water supply is mounted as close as possible to the plumbing equipment.
For buildings with a long length of main pipes, schemes with circulation and looped supply pipelines are used. A prerequisite is the installation of a pump to maintain circulation and constant water exchange.
Two-pipe DHW scheme - Photo 07
Modern builders and engineers are increasingly resorting to the use of two-pipe hot water systems. The principle of operation is that the pump takes water from the return line and supplies it to the heater. Such a pipeline has a higher metal content and is considered the most reliable for consumers.
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