Wall-mounted gas boilers with a closed combustion chamber. Wall-mounted double-circuit gas boiler with a closed combustion chamber

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Before installing a heating system in a building under construction, it is necessary to consult with a specialist about which one to prefer, its economy and efficiency. If the choice fell on gas heating, it is necessary to decide how to choose gas boilers heating.

The store should not be guided only by the price of this important element heat supply systems, you should pay attention to their main characteristics, differences and advantages of one type or another. Armed with this knowledge, you can choose the best option for your home.

In the goods market, you can buy boilers with a fuel combustion chamber open type or option closed type fuel combustion. In the first option, the residues after combustion are removed using a chimney, due to natural draft. The combustion process itself cannot take place without the presence of an element such as oxygen. It drags out environment in the place where it is equipped.

Open combustion chamber

According to safety regulations, the installation of a boiler version with fuel processing is possible only if there is a good air inflow and outflow in the room.

If there is a small area, for example, in, it is quite possible to mount a gas boiler with a second type fuel processing chamber. The air flow in this case is carried out through a coaxial chimney. It is with the help of this element of the heat supply system that the residues of fuel combustion are removed.

The chimney itself is laid through the wall panel to the street. It looks like a pipe with another pipe inside. Thanks to this design, air circulation in both directions is possible - through the upper pipe it enters the boiler, and through the inner pipe it is removed already exhausted. The advantage of this type of boiler is that it can be mounted even in a room where there is no natural ventilation, since oxygen comes directly from the street.

Types of chimney device

Gas outlet

The types of gas boilers are divided by specialists according to the removal of gases remaining after the operation of the system:

Parapet boiler - a model with a closed type combustion chamber. In this model, as already mentioned, the removal of exhaust gases is carried out using natural draft.
Chimney boiler - model using open version combustion chambers.
Turbocharged boiler - looks like a variation of the first presented model.

All listed units are equipped with a built-in fan, which contributes to the forced emission of exhaust gases.

Another criterion that must be considered when choosing individual gas heating boilers is the number of circuits. You can choose either a two-circuit model. The second option allows you to equip both the heat supply system and provide the user with such a blessing of civilization as the ability to wash hot water. The first option provides only heating of the building.

The type of heat exchangers also differ. This element of the system is made separately or together with an integrated coil. As an option, you can consider a bithermic boiler.

The latter is traditionally made of copper. The design itself is presented as a system of two pipes of different diameters, one inside the other. The coolant that provides the building with heat moves through the upper pipe, and the water heated for the water supply of the room flows through the pipe located inside. Considered have established themselves as reliable units with an affordable price. This is due to the fact that there is no need to install some additional elements (three-way valve and additional heat exchanger).

Copper heat exchanger

The disadvantages of the bithermic model of the boiler include:

Poor tolerance of this model to water with a high content of salts and minerals, since due to temperature changes in the circuits, they are rapidly deposited.
During operation, it must be borne in mind that when the DHW tap is first opened, it will initially flow warm water, and only after a certain period of time boiling water will flow.

For the circuit through which heat is supplied, a copper heat exchanger is mounted, but at the circuit for providing hot water, the installation of the heat exchanger is carried out from stainless steel of the lamellar type. Of course, some may be confused by a higher price, but everything is explained by the need to install additional elements in this design - a three-way valve and an additional heat exchanger. The main advantage is resistance to water with a high content of salt and minerals in some regions of the country and reliability during operation.

In the double-circuit non-volatile version, a heat exchanger with a coil is used, which is already built into this element of the system. Heating of the heat carrier in boilers of this type is carried out by heat transfer from the heated water of the heating circuit. At the same time, the temperature level of the coolant cannot be fixed at the desired height, which causes inconvenience during operation.

From May to August, to provide domestic hot water, you have to operate the heating circuit. Heat exchangers are made of different metals: steel (usually stainless steel) or copper. But a big plus can be considered a long period of their operation.

How not to miscalculate with heating will be prompted by the tips below. different models differ in purpose:

Gas with one circuit depends on the type of energy source. Most often it is equipped with an electronic control system. Such models have proved their efficiency, as the built-in temperature sensors save gas consumption. All the necessary information is reflected on the modern liquid crystal display of the device. To extend the life of this boiler model, experts recommend installing some necessary additional elements - stabilizers electrical voltage as power outages often occur.

Wall-mounted single-circuit gas boiler

A single-loop floor-mounted gas boiler is also popular with the public. This is explained by low cost, independence from power supply, which means that there is no need to install, in addition to the main ones, elements in the heat supply system. Experts say that gas boilers of this type of attachment are suitable for a system with, as well as with a forced circulation system.
The main one is set on fire by a continuously working wick, and the ignition of the wick occurs with the help of a piezo element. A specially designed group of safety elements will prevent the flow of gas into the boiler, in the event of leakage of exhaust gases or the extinction of the wick. Such boilers, manufactured at Russian factories, are a highly reliable and proven unit for decades of operation.
A floor-mounted gas boiler with two circuits, from Russian factories for the production of goods for heating, loses in terms of technical characteristics to its counterparts of foreign production in the following parameters: the productivity of heated water is significantly less than that of wall models and there is no regulation of the level of water heating.

Floor double-circuit gas boiler

This is explained by the fact that water is heated indirectly - it is necessary to maintain a high temperature in the heating circuit. And in the summer season too. The installation of a valve on the return pipe can partially solve this problem - it will block the movement of the liquid and the liquid in the boiler will be heated.

Gas boilers for heating systems, both low power and large, are dependent on an electrical source.

The consumer, if desired, can track the information he needs on the built-in monitor. Most modern models of such boilers, already in the assembly process, they are equipped with an electronic one that allows you to program various parameters for the operation of the heating and supply circuits hot water, for example, for a period of several days or weeks. For more cost-effective operation of gas boilers with two circuits, it is possible to equip them with various additional elements– temperature sensors (internal or external type).

If available, it is possible to install an inexpensive gas boiler with two circuits. For the circulation of the coolant in such models, a special pump is provided. During operation, the coolant will increase in volume as it heats up, and the excess will go to the provided expansion tank. The possible volume of this tank is approximately five liters or more.

If the heat supply is outdated, for example, then additional installation may be required. After consulting with a specialist, the consumer can calculate the volume of this element of the system using special formulas.

Wall-mounted double-circuit models of gas heating boilers have a rated power of twenty to thirty-five kilowatts, and even at its minimum values \u200b\u200bthey can heat water up to nine liters in sixty seconds.

Before buying equipment, you need to think not only about how to choose a gas heating boiler, but also calculate the required water flow. So, for example, for one person, on average, a water flow of ten liters is required in sixty seconds, but for two simultaneously operating the hot water supply circuit, the volume will be slightly larger - about fourteen liters per minute.

Proper operation

Experts will definitely give a few general advice for installation and operation:

It is obligatory to install a rigid type at the place where the gas exits, at the place where the coolant enters, as well as at the inlet to the running water boiler.
When heating behind the boiler, it must be connected with a slight slope. This is doable if the rear side of the structure is raised. In this case, the air accumulated in the heat exchanger can easily rise up the pipe. Otherwise, malfunctions of the entire heat supply system may occur.
If during the construction of the building a gravitational heat supply system was installed, then additional elements can be used to increase operational efficiency - a bypass and a circulation pump.
Since boilers of this type are directly dependent on an uninterrupted supply of electricity, the installation of voltage stabilizers is required to prevent system breakdown. It would be reasonable to purchase this structural element of five hundred kilowatts.
Few know how to competently handle this expensive equipment, so consult in advance and conclude a contract for post-warranty service with a service center. This will help you solve problems later on.

Whatever type of gas boiler is purchased, it must be installed by specialists. Read the reviews of those who have already used the services of this company, demand a certificate that allows employees to carry out their activities, as well as a guarantee for troubleshooting that may occur in the system due to installation errors, both of the system as a whole and of its individual elements. .

Do not purchase equipment "from hand", it is better to pay a little more, but upon purchase you will receive a guarantee from the manufacturer, which allows you to get the opportunity to repair on time and for free.

Keep all documents related to the installation gas system heating, its operation and repair in a place inaccessible to other persons - for all disputable points, it will be possible to apply for competent help to specialists.

We hope that the above information will help resolve all doubts about the choice. gas equipment for the heating system.

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The market for heating appliances presents a huge variety of options. If you are faced with the choice of which combustion chamber to choose a boiler with: open or closed, and you don’t understand anything about this, then this article will answer all your questions. The appearance of these units, their size and power can be almost the same for all models. Some aspects related to the principle of operation of the boiler can subsequently cause a number of inconveniences, which then result in problems.

These boilers by their design belong to the category of simple ones. They are an enlarged version of a gas burner, on top of which is a tubular coil. Fuel will only be burned if oxygen is supplied.

Principle of operation

In order for the device to constantly receive atmospheric air, it is equipped with a channel that serves to draw air from space. This is true for devices of any kind: both a single-circuit boiler with this type of combustion chamber, and for.

The boilers take oxygen from the room in which they are installed. However, there are models in which air enters from outside. To do this, additional channels are created in the walls, where the air duct is installed. Typically, these boilers are wall-mounted.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of gas boilers with an open combustion chamber include:

The reliability of the technology used, which has undergone repeated tests and has proven its effectiveness over time.
Low cost.
There is almost no noise during operation of the boiler. The only thing that can be heard is the sound of burning flames.
The design is devoid of parts that are subject to rapid wear. To control the operation of the boiler, it is only necessary to check the ignition.

In general, a boiler with an open combustion chamber is a profitable purchase that will not cause inconvenience in the form of extraneous noise. Does not require systematic maintenance. In case of breakage, it is recommended to clean the coil pipes from the scale formed, clean the nozzles.

The disadvantages will be the following features, which are inherent in such boilers:

There is a need for an organization - a boiler room. Or to provide continuous and forced ventilation the premises where it is installed. This method is not convenient, since drafts can be harmful to human health. However, in any case, the presence atmospheric air is essential for the operation of the device.
There must be a chimney. When installing such a boiler in a high-rise building, it is necessary to ensure that the pipe exits beyond the edge of the roof. This requirement is controlled by responsible organizations and is mandatory. Failure to do this endangers human life, due to the lack of necessary traction.
Boilers with an open combustion chamber consume fuel uneconomically.

Based on these shortcomings, the best option to install it will be private Vacation home where they should be heated large areas. It will always be possible to find a place in it, equip it for a boiler room and build a chimney.

Boilers with a closed combustion chamber

Design similar device is the most productive, since the gas entering it is burned out almost to the end. Smoke has less toxic properties, in contrast to the type of combustion chamber considered above. The presence of a chimney is not necessary for him.

Principle of operation

The operation of gas boilers with a closed combustion chamber is due to the fact that air is forcibly sent to the zone where combustion occurs. The design of the heating unit has undergone some changes, and is a chamber, inside which there is a nozzle and a channel for supplying air from an external fan. Between the double walls is water. When the gas burns, it is heated, and the smoke exits through the chimney under pressure, which creates a supercharger, over long distances. Short chimneys are often used to carry the smoke out. In such cases, they are installed horizontally. Air enters the boiler in the same way that the ladies are removed. Due to the double walls of the chimney, the intake air is heated by the heat of the exhaust.

Advantages and disadvantages

A number of advantages of boilers with this type of combustion chamber include:

minimum fuel consumption when compared with the consumption of open burners;
if the turbine is in working condition, the thrust and stability of the boiler is guaranteed;
suitable for installation in high-rise buildings, since it is not necessary to build a chimney. Smoke is emitted under pressure over a distance of more than three meters;
does not require the creation of a separate room or the provision of continuous ventilation. The gas mixture is prepared together with outside air.

Everyone complex unit In addition to the advantages, there are always a number of disadvantages that will help you make the right choice:

For boilers with this type of combustion chamber, it is often necessary to pass Maintenance. When checking, you should always pay attention to the condition of the turbine, clean the blades and lubricate.
The turbine has a limited lifespan. This is common to all units that have moving parts.
The combustion area may freeze. This happens due to the fact that the chimney is too short and with bad weather conditions in the form of wind and frost can promise an accident. Models that are produced in our time are equipped with additional parts in the form of plugs that react to the temperature from the outside. Such structures are more prone to breakage.
The noise from the boiler is quite high level, creates its working turbine. Over time, the bushings wear out and the blades become dirty, which contributes to an even greater increase in noise.
Although fuel consumption is economical, the same cannot be said about electricity. Turbine and electronic control system needs large volume electricity.

Which type of combustion chamber is better to choose: open or closed?

Gas boilers with an open combustion chamber are rarely installed. They are usually installed when there is not enough money for wall-mounted boilers (for budget floor standing). Or they put it when, when there are partial interruptions in the light. They serve the same good choice in houses with a large area where there is no stable power supply.

Boilers with a closed combustion chamber are the most popular and widespread, since they do not need to create boiler rooms, but they themselves act in their role, accommodating everything you need in sizes similar to one kitchen cabinet and much more economical than outdoors.

So, gas boilers are divided into single-circuit and double-circuit. Single-circuit boilers provide heating, double-circuit boilers provide both heating and the production of domestic hot water (DHW). The principle of operation of a single-circuit boiler is clear - the coolant is heated in a heat exchanger and enters the heating system, where it gives off heat, heating the room. A double-circuit gas boiler is arranged somewhat differently.

Heater device

A double-circuit boiler has two circuits and a heat exchanger. The first forms a closed loop with the heating system. When the heating system is operating, the coolant does not enter the second circuit - the DHW circuit - for which it is used special valve. When the DHW tap is opened, the valve blocks the access of the coolant to the heating system and it enters the DHW circuit. The water in the second heat exchanger is heated by the heat carrier of the first heat exchanger and from there it enters the tap. When the DHW system is stopped, the reverse switchover occurs.

To figure out what type of boiler you need, let's start with a story about how they generally differ from each other. This:

principle of operation;
combustion chamber type;
execution.

According to the principle of operation, gas boilers are divided into convection and condensing.

In convection boilers, water vapor generated during the combustion of fuel goes outside along with the combustion products.

Floor standing with closed combustion chamber

Its advantage over the wall is the same as that of floor boiler with an open chamber, but a separate room is not required for installation. This option is the most expensive.

Other options

Above, speaking of DHW performance, we meant boilers in which water is heated in the DHW circuit by a flow method. But, if when choosing, it is not the price that matters more, but the comfort of using hot water or the need for it is high, the solution is to buy a boiler with an additional built-in or external storage boiler. In such boilers there are almost all the advantages of boilers that heat hot water in a flowing way.

When the water in the boiler runs out, the boiler continues to work in flow mode. Another important plus of a double-circuit boiler with a boiler in Russian conditions is independence from the pressure in the water supply. A common situation is that during periods of peak load, the water pressure drops sharply or disappears altogether. A boiler with a DHW flow heat exchanger stops feeling it and, accordingly, does not work. A boiler with a boiler does not have such a problem. Also, boilers are not afraid of hard water and scale. But, of course, the price of a boiler with a boiler is noticeably higher than that of a similar one with a DHW flow heat exchanger.

The type of ignition of the boiler also matters. Gas boilers are available with piezo ignition and electric. Piezo ignition is carried out manually by pressing a button. The advantage is energy independence. Disadvantages - gas consumption for a continuously burning igniter, the need to monitor the operation of the igniter. If the gas pressure drops or the gas supply stops, the igniter will go out and must be ignited manually. Electric ignition is more economical, if necessary, including after a power outage, it turns on automatically.

Floor boilers can vary in the type of gas burners. They are supercharged and atmospheric. Atmospheric is much cheaper. Supercharged ones have higher efficiency, power, quieter operation and, if necessary, they can be replaced. Atmospheric burners cannot be replaced, as they are built into the boiler circuit.

The level of equipment of these devices with electronics and various additional amenities is also varied.

Popular brands

Currently, the most popular brands on the market are European, Russian and Korean.

European brands are:

German Bosch, Wolf, Vaillant, Buderus, AEG, Viessmann;
French Chappee, Frisquet, De Dietrich, Chappee, Chaffoteaux;
Italian Saunier Duval, Beretta, Nova Florida, Caloreclima, Ariston, Lamborqhini, Hermann, Ferolli, Biasi, Baxi, Alphatherm;
Spanish Roca, Swedish Electrolux and Polish Termet.

The advantages of German brands are the latest developments designed to save energy, the French Frisquet is the leader in powerful (up to 45 kW) installations, Roca, Vaillant and Italian manufacturers have models with a microboiler (up to 4l). Lots of positive feedback dedicated to the Internet wall boilers Baxi for their reliability, compactness, ease of use.

Of the Russian ones, Signal, AZGA and Gazapparat are the most popular. A significant part of their products is equipped with imported units, as a result, they are not inferior in quality to foreign economy class models. At the same time, they cost much less and are better adapted to work in Russian gas and electricity networks with their instability.

A separate category is boilers from Korean manufacturers. They combine reliability, safety and modern technologies, characteristic of Western brands, with high adaptation to gas pressure drops. The price for them is significantly lower than for similar European ones. The disadvantage is problems with spare parts. For European boilers, most spare parts can be matched with a similar replacement in the Chinese market. With Koreans, this is almost impossible. Also, in a number of cities in Russia, there are still no relevant service centers. On the Russian market Korean double-circuit gas boilers are represented by the Ace ATMO series from NAVIEN, as well as the brands Olympia, Daewoo and Kiturami world.

A wide range of existing double-circuit gas boilers allows you to make a choice in any price range and with any level of comfort. All you have to do is clearly state your requirements.

Gas boilers are classified according to several main factors, one of which is the type of combustion chamber. There are units with a closed and open combustion chamber.

In an open combustion chamber, oxygen consumption occurs due to natural draft directly from the room in which, in fact, the gas boiler is located. Inside the same room, combustion products are released. This is a significant disadvantage of this type of boilers. To avoid extremely negative impact on health from their operation, in the premises where the equipment is installed, there must be high-quality, permanent ventilation.

As a rule, powerful (over 30 kW) are equipped with an open combustion chamber. floor models gas boilers installed in special boiler rooms or non-residential premises, in which there is a special chimney about 4 meters long. Such measures ensure that natural draft is provided and sufficient air is supplied to allow combustion. natural gas was complete without the formation of carbon monoxide.

Features of a closed combustion chamber

The turbocharged combustion chamber has a number of advantages. Most wall-mounted models of low-power gas boilers (up to 35 kW) used in everyday life are equipped with a closed-type combustion chamber.

The design of the coaxial chimney "pipe in pipe" ensures the flow of outdoor air and a safe combustion process. Combustion products are removed from the room outside forcibly through the hole inside the chimney pipe. Due to such a system of pipes, overheating of the chimney does not occur. In operation, equipment with a camera of such a device is reliable and safe.

In addition, there is no need for a room with gas boiler neither install an additional ventilation system, nor constantly ventilate it. There is only one minus in this case - volatility, since the fan system is powered by electricity.

The coaxial chimney is made with a horizontal slope to provide active draft. Moreover, the cost of such a chimney is lower than a vertical chimney for the formation of natural draft. So a gas boiler with a closed chamber is also a much more economical solution for a private house.

Wall-mounted single-circuit gas boilers with a closed combustion chamber are very popular among owners residential buildings, storage facilities and production shops. Devices allow you to quickly and effectively solve the problem of heating buildings and significantly save money.

Technical characteristics of devices

Main Feature gas appliances with closed chambers is a method of absorbing oxygen during the combustion of fuel. Unlike open-type units, where the oxygen supply and exhaust gas are provided as a result of natural draft, in closed systems, the technology of their forced injection and removal is used.

During the operation of the unit with a closed combustion chamber, the air that is necessary to maintain the combustion process is absorbed from the street through the coaxial chimney pipe, and the exhaust combustion products are removed outside through it. Such a device completely eliminates the air intake from the room and allows you not to worry about regular ventilation of housing and arrangement additional system ventilation.

The combustion chamber in such models is completely separated from the room and is connected only with the coaxial chimney system. Such a device guarantees the impossibility of gas leakage in the building and completely eliminates the risk of an emergency. Air is supplied and exhausted into the system by means of a built-in electric fan.

The coaxial chimney pipe can be arranged horizontally, which eliminates the need to build a vertical outlet. Structurally, the coaxial chimney is made in the form of two pipes of different diameters, one of which is inside the other. Through the pipe larger section air is taken from the outside, and through the internal - the exhaust gases are discharged to the outside.

Design features

The range of modern gas equipment is represented by single and double circuit models. The former provide only space heating, while the latter, in addition to the heating function, are able to organize an uninterrupted supply of hot water. The disadvantages of double-circuit devices include the impossibility of using any other liquids as a coolant, except water.

Single-circuit models in this sense are more versatile and are able to function on any liquid, including antifreeze. The absence of the 2nd circuit can be easily compensated by connecting a water heater, which will ensure complete autonomy DHW systems and make it always available as a resource.

Gas boilers are available in floor and wall versions. wall views are compact, light weight and have an aesthetic design. The disadvantages include lower power compared to floor models, which makes it impossible to use them to heat large industrial buildings and storage facilities.

All versions of wall-mounted single-circuit gas boilers of a closed type carry out heating of the coolant in a flow way, storage tanks they are missing. Thanks to this device, the models have a neat appearance and small dimensions. This allows you to place them in small rooms, without fear of visually cluttering up the space and ruining the interior.

In comparison, floor models often require additional space, due to their increased power, and, as a result, large sizes. plus floor types is the presence of a cast-iron heat exchanger, characterized by high heat transfer and a long service life, which reaches 30 years or more. The disadvantages include the large weight of the product and the need to equip the strapping system.

According to the principle of operation, single-circuit wall-mounted gas boilers of a closed type are turbocharged and condensing. The first type requires the presence of a coaxial chimney and functions by forcing air into the system. The heat carrier is heated in a heat exchanger, after which the hot liquid enters the heating pipes. Condensation models are more advanced devices and work by condensing the heat released during combustion. The role of the heat exchanger in such devices is assigned to a cylindrical coil, which surrounds the burner on all sides.

A coolant moves inside the coil, as a result of which condensate formed during the combustion of methane falls on its surface. It is with the help of condensate that the transfer of thermal energy to the coolant occurs. The main advantage of condensing boilers is a higher efficiency, reaching 99% in some models, while for turbocharged appliances this figure is 95%. In addition, condensing models are very economical and can reduce fuel consumption by 40%

Advantages and disadvantages

High consumer demand and popularity of wall-mounted single-circuit gas boilers with a closed combustion chamber due to a number of undeniable advantages of these devices:

excellent heat transfer and higher efficiency in comparison with open-type units;
no need to build a vertical chimney and arrange an additional ventilation system greatly simplify installation and provide the ability to install boilers in premises of any purpose, including residential apartment buildings different number of storeys;
compact dimensions and modern design allow you to install the device in any, even the smallest room;
due to the complete isolation of the combustion chamber and the absence of any contact of gas and its combustion products with the air of the room, the devices are absolutely safe and approved for use in all types of buildings without restriction.

By cons closed system include the energy dependence of models: in the event of a power outage, the operation of the boiler will be stopped. When the power supply is turned on, the operation of the device will automatically resume. Lack of a second circuit and the need for installation additional equipment to provide hot water supply is also referred to as a disadvantage of this type. The cost of boilers with a closed combustion chamber is slightly higher than the cost of open-type appliances and is often regarded by consumers as a minus.

Popular manufacturers

Most famous companies, producing wall-mounted single-circuit gas appliances with a closed-type combustion chamber, are domestic Siberia and Neva and a number of European concerns, such as Vaillant, Lemax, Protherm and Viessmann.

Among the models, Vaillant Turbo Tec Plus VU 122 modifications 3-5 are very popular. The device is able to provide efficient space heating up to 120 sq. m. Power adjustment is carried out using a modulating burner. Due to the presence of a stabilizer, the boiler can operate even in the event of a decrease in gas pressure in the network, and there is no loss of performance. The disadvantages of the model include the high cost of the device, which is quite understandable high quality and long service life.

Baxi boilers are also in high demand. Among them, the most popular is the Fourtech version 1.24 F. The device is equipped with a modulating burner that allows you to change the heating power, and copper heat exchanger, due to which the heating of water occurs almost instantly. The boiler efficiency is 93%. Weak point model is a gas valve, which sometimes breaks down and needs to be replaced.

The Korean Navien device is also quite popular in the domestic market for heating equipment. Boilers are perfectly adapted to Russian fuel and gas communication networks. Models of this brand are optimal in terms of price-quality ratio and, despite the low cost, are capable of developing power up to 13 kW. The disadvantages of the series are a weak thermostat and automation failures.