Indoor orange, orange tree (Care instructions). Orange tree, home care, photo

Caring for an orange tree is quite complicated. It's not just watering and top dressing, you need to deal with the formation of the crown. And is it possible to grow an orange tree from a seed at home? Sooner or later, every amateur gardener sets himself such an ambitious task. Growing is really not an activity for beginners. Nevertheless, at home, even a gardener with relatively little experience can get a beautiful orange tree, of course, a decorative option.

Orange tree

How do oranges grow in nature? Those who have ever been to the Mediterranean countries and seen citrus groves know that this is a beautiful evergreen tree. After visiting such groves, people tend to take a wild orange with them to grow it at home. But there is a terminological confusion here. In the wild, the orange is unknown to science. All trees that are found in the Mediterranean or the countries of Southeast Asia are cultivated. Sometimes a wild orange is called an orange with its very beautiful flowers, pleasant aroma and bitter taste.

Grown in the garden (that is, in natural conditions), an orange is enough tall tree. Much depends on the variety, but there are types of plants that reach a height of 12 meters. Dwarf varieties grow up to 4-6 m. But an indoor orange will not grow above 2-2.5 m in length. But there are also compact indoor trees - only 80 cm tall.

A home-grown orange can look very pretty as it will have a dense crown that can easily be shaped into a pyramidal or round shape. You need to be more careful with branches and shoots - they can have thorns, quite sharp, they reach a length of 8-10 cm. Orange leaves have a very beautiful dark green color, which looks even more spectacular due to the density of the leaves themselves, which have an oval shape and pointed tip. The length of the leaves can be about 15 cm, and they will be about 10 mm wide.

An orange planted in a pot can also produce other leaves, with a wavy edge. In fact, this is normal, because it is due to the variety, it’s just that the gardener doesn’t even always know what variety the orange tree seed he planted belonged to.

By planting such a plant in a pot, the owners of the house receive a natural air freshener. The so-called glands are located at the very surface of the leaf; they contain essential oil that fills the room with a delicate aroma.

The life span of one leaf is no more than two years. But on an orange tree, both young and old leaves always live at the same time. Each type must perform its own tasks. Thanks to young leaves, photosynthesis occurs, that is, they are responsible for the tree to breathe and develop. And the old leaves are a kind of storage nutrients.

In order to understand how to grow an orange at home, you must also consider its root system. Most fruit trees roots have special hairs that are needed to absorb more moisture and nutrients from the soil. An orange has a different root structure. A kind of capsules are formed on them, in which colonies of soil fungi live and multiply, forming already under the ground a fairly strong mycelium with the roots of the orange itself. It turns out mutually beneficial coexistence - the tree supplies the fungi with amino acids and carbohydrates, which they themselves cannot get from the soil. In return, mushrooms provide roots right amount moisture and minerals, which they process to the most digestible form.

Growing, myceliums become sensitive to drought conditions. This is why growing oranges at home requires regular and sufficient watering. If this is not done, then the fungi will grow outward, reduce soil temperatures and contribute to the exposure of the roots, which can lead to the death of the tree.

How to grow an orange at home (video)

What do orange flowers look like?

One of the main advantages of this tree is orange blossoms. IN old days brides decorated their hairstyles with them and pinned them to the corsage of dresses. The flowers of an orange are bisexual, large, and can reach 5 cm in diameter. There are varieties in which they grow singly, but there are also those in which they are collected in inflorescences of six. Their color is usually white or pink. Kidneys are laid in the spring even at home. At the bud stage, the flower can stay for about a month, and it blooms for only a few days.

When choosing material for planting an orange, the initial characteristics of the fruit are not so important. Optimists choose their favorite variety based on the fact that orange varieties can taste sweet and sour, sweet, or bitter. It is very doubtful that it will be preserved in a young tree, but you can still try. The shape of the fruit can also be different. And this feature can continue. IN home interior trees with round fruits look more beautiful. Interestingly, from a botanical point of view, the orange fruit is both a fruit and a berry.

The color of the orange peel can also be different. On the one hand, the usual color is orange, but it is not found in every variety. Therefore, the peel of the fruit can be light yellow, and even have greenish spots. However, it will still look nice.

Tree planting and care

Before planting an orange from a seed, you need to familiarize yourself with agricultural technology. Most experts believe that the plant can be planted at home at any time of the year. But it is better to do it in the middle of spring, when there will be enough sunlight to ensure its intensive growth.

Interestingly, at home, an orange can be propagated not only by seeds, but also by cuttings, and each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, trees grow from cuttings much earlier than from seeds. The problem is that this cutting still needs to be found somewhere, and in garden centers there are only flowering seedlings, which are quite expensive (and not every center has them in stock). But if you manage to get the stalk, then the tree that has grown from it will completely retain all the signs mother plant. But an orange tree from a stone is less reliable and at the same time more cheap option. And this task is interesting for any gardener.

How to grow an orange from a seed? It is necessary to select for this the most mature and large fruits, and of them best seeds, round and voluminous. Dried bones are not suitable for these purposes. Please note that there are varieties of oranges that do not form seeds at all, so you still need to carefully select the original "material". However, in most fruits there are multi-embryonic seeds that are in each segment of the fruit, and they are located in the pulp one above the other.

Seeds need to germinate. To do this, you need a damp cloth and a plastic yogurt cup. If you cover the cup with a plastic bag, you get an impromptu greenhouse that is kept in a warm place and provides a stable level of humidity in it.

After 3-5 weeks, an orange sprout will appear above the surface. As soon as it reaches literally 2 cm in height, it can already be planted in the prepared soil in a container with a diameter of 7-9 cm. At the bottom of the pot there should be a drainage layer of expanded clay, and on top of it ready ground for citrus plants. The container with the sprout is placed closer to natural light, but so that direct sunlight does not fall on it. When transplanting, do not dig the sprouts too deep. Care must be taken not to damage the root system and mycelium described above.

How to grow an orange at home? Care must be constant. Young plants need to be watered frequently. It is advisable to spray them with clean, settled water (it should be at room temperature). As the tree grows and water it will need more.

How to grow an orange tree from this plant? As soon as 4-6 leaves form on it, the seedlings will need to be transplanted again, and this will require larger pots. It is important not to forget that the orange tree at home also forms a fairly stable connection between the root system and the mycelium, so it is transplanted along with an earthy clod.

Even under the most ideal conditions, an orange does not receive enough sunlight. Therefore, it is "illuminated" ultraviolet lamp. It is important to maintain the optimum temperature in the room.

Experienced gardeners grow several sprouts at once. The fact is that even with the most careful care of the orange tree, not all of them will be accepted. At the stage described above, they undergo natural selection. After a couple of weeks, the owner will already know which sprouts will become the strongest, and will leave only them. How does an orange tree grow further?

Citrus care in the apartment (video)

Tree crown formation

This stage plays an important role. If this is not done, then the tree will not have flowers or fruits. This is usually done when the orange reaches a height of 20-30 cm. Then you need to carefully trim the top of the plant. Then it will begin to form branches of the second order. When they are pinched, branches of the third order will appear, and so on.

Theoretically, the tree should flower in the fourth or fifth year after planting. But you can get results even earlier. To do this, you just need to figure out how to plant an orange at home.

Are used different methods, which in general boil down to the fact that you can:

Graft a healthy branch from a well-bearing one.
Transplant several times different soil to strengthen the root system.
Make ringing. This is done as follows: squeeze the branch with a wire, and then carefully remove the bark in the form of a ring. When the orange begins to bloom, the wire is removed.
Arrange a tree cold wintering. Many gardeners even believe that this method will be the most effective. But in this case, you need to find a room for the orange in which he can spend the entire winter period at a temperature of + 6-7 ° С. How to care for an orange during this period? You need to water it as little as possible, once every 10 days is enough, you do not need to fertilize at all. If you follow these simple recommendations, then in the spring you will notice the rapid growth of the tree.

That is why citrus trees are used in the interior, they look beautiful already thanks to their round crown and glossy leaves. Yes, this tree blooms beautifully.

Additionally

What other care does he need? You need to protect the orange tree from pests. It can be threatened by plant mites, thrips, scale insects and even aphids. Therefore, an orange tree, even growing at home, must be treated with an appropriate insecticidal preparation once every six months.

For sustainable development, the tree needs top dressing. It should be fertilized once every two weeks from March to November. For this, ready-made mixtures for citrus fruits are used. Some gardeners recommend using old tea leaves, which are buried in the ground, for the same purpose.

Orange is a plant from which fruits can also be obtained. This is done through artificial pollination. For this, a brush is used, which transfers pollen from one flower to another. Is it possible to eat such fruits? Theoretically, it is possible harmful substances they definitely won't. But such oranges are not sweet and juicy. But such a round orange ball among dark green foliage looks very beautiful and fills the room with a pleasant natural aroma. Blooming and then fruiting orange is recommended to be placed in the living room, where it will become the central element of the decor. Subject to all the rules of cultivation, the plant will bloom and bear fruit at the same time, and this is very beautiful.

It first appeared in China over two decades ago. It was brought to Europe by the Portuguese, and today this popular citrus fruit can be found on the streets of many seaside cities with subtropical climatic conditions, both on our continent and on the American, Australian, etc.

Today it is fashionable to grow various exotic plants, including the orange tree, which will not only perfectly decorate any interior, but will also be fragrant, conveying its tart and pleasant smell.

And how pleasant it is to watch how it will grow, bloom and bear fruit! Just a little patience, a little effort - and the orange tree will more than thank the owner with lush color and delicious orange "balls".

The method of growing such a non-standard plant in the house, although not entirely simple, is possible. You just need to eat a delicious fruit, take away the seeds from it, and then plant them in a small pot, which must be immediately placed in a warm, sunny place.

Once a day, you need to water the future orange tree, the care of which involves daily watering for rapid seed germination.

After about fifteen days, the first sprouts appear, on which, as a rule, there are one or two leaves.

When a tree about fifteen centimeters high is already growing in a pot, you need to think about transplanting it. To improve subsequent growth, experts advise transplanting the sprout into a deeper container.

It is very useful to periodically fertilize the soil, sometimes you can water the orange tree at home with ordinary tea leaves left over from tea.

Gradually, the exotic guest begins to gain height, and when she has already reached half a meter in height, you can tie her to some kind of peg stuck in a pot.

After waiting for the orange tree to finally get stronger, you can begin the grafting process, which is necessary for the plant to develop normally and bear fruit at home.

It must be remembered that the graft must be done from another tree that has repeatedly borne fruit. In order for the plant to develop normally and begin to delight with its orange fruits, it is necessary to organize artificial irrigation, as well as periodically feed it with special fertilizers, which are now widely sold in specialized stores. Moreover, such top dressing, according to experts, greatly improves the taste of fruits, which are somewhat bitter under indoor cultivation conditions.

However, lovers of home plants need to know that the orange tree is a rather whimsical plant that requires very careful care. And it is not a fact that it will delight its owner with fruits earlier than in ten years, and sometimes a tree may not bear fruit at all.

But there is no need to despair, especially since watching how the planted greenery grows and rises with my own hands a tree is a huge and incomparable satisfaction.

Orange tree is an . It can be propagated by cuttings, grafting or seeds. If you want to grow this yourself, then it is better to choose the seed method, since it is the easiest of all.

This article will discuss how to grow an orange from a stone in a pot at home.

general information

The tree has a dense compact crown. The leaves are bright green and dense. The branches are covered with light bark. It blooms with white, light flowers. Indoor orange bears fruit after 7 years of life. The fruits can be eaten as they are very tasty.

Did you know? There are about 600 varieties of oranges in the world.

The height of the plant depends on the variety and can reach 1-2.5 m. Before you grow an orange at home, you need to decide on the variety.

The most popular are:

This variety grows low, up to about 1 m. It bears fruit very well. The fruits ripen in about 9 months.
"Gamlin"- grows up to 1.5 m. It has juicy oranges with a sweet and sour taste that ripen in late autumn.
- this variety is most preferred among domestic ones. The plant can reach 2 m. During flowering, the tree smells very pleasant. The fruits are quite large - their weight reaches about 300 g.

Growing from seed

In order for the seeds to germinate, it is necessary to plant them correctly, observing the conditions.

Planting seeds

Growing an orange from a seed is not difficult. Consider how to plant seeds at home. Seeds must be obtained from a ripe orange. They should be correct form, not empty and dry. They need to be cleaned of pulp, washed and soaked for 8-12 hours in water. The soil can be made by yourself from, sand, soddy land (1:1:2). Or you can buy a special one for .

Seeds can be sown in separate small containers, the volume of which is about 100 ml. Or it is allowed to plant all the seeds in one box. It is recommended to keep the distance between seeds 5 cm. Planting depth should be 1 cm.

After this, lightly primer follows, cover the container with a film and put it in a dark place until sprouts appear.

When the sprouts reach 1.5-2 cm and there are 2 leaves on them, they should be transplanted into separate pots with a diameter of about 8 cm.

Important!It is better not to use large containers for planting - the soil, where there are no roots, remains wet for a long time and turns sour.

Terms

loves the light, that's why the best place for the pot there will be south or southeast windows. To prevent sunburn on the leaves, it is recommended to shade the tree. But the lighting must remain bright.

The orange tree grown from the stone loves warmth. Therefore, in summer, +21 ... +25 ° С is considered a favorable temperature for the growth of citrus.
If it is higher, then the orange will begin to grow actively, but will not bear fruit. In winter, a temperature of + 10 ... + 15 ° С is suitable for the plant.

Important! The plant does not tolerate drafts, so you should protect the tree from them.

crown formation

To citrus tree fruited at home, you need to take care of a suitable crown for this. If it is not formed, then the fruits can be harvested no earlier than in 10 years.

The plant bears fruit on twigs not lower than the fifth order. The procedure consists in pinching the branches after they reach 10-15 cm. This must be done above the kidney so that it is outside.

You should also cut off weakened shoots that are too long and growing inward. Thanks to this pruning, after a few years it will turn out with many short shoots.

reproduction

Homemade orange tree is propagated by seeds, grafting and cuttings. A plant grown from seeds requires less maintenance. But the fruits of such a tree are different from the parent. How to grow an orange from seeds is described above.

The method of grafting retains varietal characteristics. To get it, you need to cut off a branch with a sharp knife, which is covered with bark and has a length of about 10 cm. They are planted in sandy soil and make a mini-greenhouse.
It should be in a bright place, but without direct sunlight. The soil should always be slightly moist. After 30 days, the cuttings should take root, and they can be transplanted into separate containers.

Vaccination allows you to get a quick harvest. The graft is recommended to be taken from a fruiting tree. Cut off the stem with a very sharp knife. It is recommended to graft on orange trees or those that have reached the age of three.

The vaccination process should go like this:

at a height of 10 cm from the ground, you need to cut the crown of the selected tree;
then you need to split the trunk and insert the cutting there;
the scion must have 3 buds;
then you should combine two branches and wrap the vaccination site using a film;
to retain moisture, you should cover the plant with a film and put it in a bright place.

Did you know?In the New World in 1493, the first orange seeds and seedlings appeared thanks to Christopher Columbus.

Care

Growing an orange from a seed at home is the proper care of a tree.

Watering

A citrus tree follows regularly, as soon as the top layer of soil dries up. But you should not overmoisten, because the roots can rot. In winter, reduce to 2-3 times a week. Water should be settled and warm.

spraying

Caring for an orange tree at home includes spraying. The plant loves moisture, so in the heat it should be sprayed daily.

In cool weather, this procedure can be carried out 1-2 times a week. If the air in the apartment is dry in winter, then the tree needs to be sprayed every day.

Every 2 weeks from March to October, it is recommended to feed the orange tree complex fertilizer for citrus. You can cook this at home.
For this, it is necessary to dilute (20 g), (25 g) and (15 g) in 10 liters of water. It is recommended to add to this mixture 1 time per season, and 1 time - a little.

Many of us remember well the times when every self-respecting housewife tried to grow a real lemon at home: she took care of the plant, watered and cut it for many years, hoping to pick the cherished fruit. But everything is changing, and sweeter citrus fruits have replaced the traditional lemon - today we'll talk about how to grow an orange tree at home.

If we talk about the irrigation regime, then indoor orange it is not much different from its wild-growing relatives, preferring moderate watering: you can not flood the plant, but the drying of the earthen coma will not do him any good. In autumn and winter, when most indoor plants are at rest, watering should be significantly reduced by moistening the soil once every 7 days, or even less often - 2 times a month.

The homemade orange tree is a light-loving plant - in order to make the plant bloom, and eventually bear fruit, it must be provided with enough sunlight. Mature plants easily tolerate direct rays, but young, fragile oranges, it is better to protect them from the burning rays of the sun.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that an orange at home is best placed on an insulated, heated loggia facing the southeast or south side.

orange tree care

Caring for an orange tree is largely due to its homeland - this plant came to us from the subtropics, therefore, does not like excessively high temperatures. In the summer, the culture feels great if the temperature range is maintained at 20–24 degrees Celsius, however, a homemade orange is able to withstand short-term increases and up to +30 degrees without loss. With the coming of winter temperature regime must be brought in accordance with the season, and lowered to 14 degrees Celsius.

When growing an orange tree, it is important to provide it with proper care: at home, it should be sprayed daily. It is especially important to adhere to this requirement in the summer, when the air around warms up to a temperature of +25 degrees and above. If the room is cool, spraying an orange at home is carried out much less frequently - about 1-2 times in 7 days. With the advent of winter, this procedure should be completely abandoned - otherwise, rotting of the leaves can be provoked.

How to care for an orange so that the plant can feel comfortable and delight you with fruits? Everything is very simple - it is enough to ensure its existence in accordance with conditions close to its historical homeland:

with the arrival of spring, as soon as you notice the first signs of the imminent appearance of buds, raise the temperature to +18 degrees;
for the whole summer, a pot with an orange tree can be taken out on Fresh air, providing him with regular watering and spraying, not forgetting to shade from direct sunlight (especially true for those specimens that are not yet 3 years old);
the orange tree is extremely sensitive to the slightest changes in conditions - from fluctuations in humidity levels to the position of the plant relative to the light source. Try not to turn the pot more than once every 10 days, and no more than 10 degrees.

Fertilizer and watering

Once every 14 days, you need to feed an orange - at home, a complex remedy for citrus crops will be an ideal option. Caring for the plant, in accordance with the stated rules of dressing, should be during the growing season (from May to September). From the first days of October, any top dressing should be stopped - in winter, the orange lives in some semblance of suspended animation, being in a state of complete rest.

It is also important to ensure the optimal level of humidity - if it is insufficient, the tips of the leaves may dry out on the plant. As for root irrigation, the earthen ball should be kept slightly moist, avoiding excessive moisture stagnation or, conversely, drying out.

Pruning and crown shaping

If not regularly pruned, an orange will usually not bloom. Moreover, the crown of such a plant has an unattractive appearance. A flowering orange must go through all the stages of formation: flowers are formed only on branches of a certain age and order. In other words, if the crown is not formed, and the tree grows unpruned, the plant will not bloom.

Active formation of the crown occurs before the tree reaches 3 years. At young plant you should leave a few of the strongest shoots of the first order, shortening them to 20 cm in length, and cut off all the rest. Branches of the second order are shortened by the same length, and the third and fourth orders involve cutting only 5 cm. That's all, the formation of the crown is almost over. You just have to remove weak shoots at the beginning of each next year, gradually giving the orange crown the desired shape and proper appearance.

Transfer

During the first 3 years of life, the tree should be transplanted into a larger container annually, then this procedure is carried out once every 3 years.

Try not to transplant a fruiting orange at the time of the formation of the ovaries and the pouring of fruits - it is better to carry out this procedure before the start of the growing season. When relocating your orange to a new pot, do not forget about the organization of a high-quality drainage layer.

Protection against diseases and pests

No matter how old your tree has been growing, it is equally likely to be attacked by pests or disease-causing infections. True, weakened plants, which were not provided with optimal conditions for existence, are more likely to get sick. If we talk about diseases, then the greatest danger to oranges is root rot, scab, and soot fungus. All of them are provoked by excessive watering, therefore, in order to prevent the development of ailments, you need to follow the recommendations for care.

If we talk about pests, then the most frequent "guest" on oranges is an annoying scale insect. If you notice traces of her presence, immediately spray the tree with the appropriate insecticides.

As you can see, growing an orange at home is not at all difficult, you just need to follow the recommendations of professionals, and your citrus pet will live next to you for many years, delighting you with its fragrant flowers and delicious fruits.

Orange (lat. Citrus sinensis) is a species of flowering plants of the dicotyledonous class, the sapindo-colored order, the rue family, the genus citrus. Orange is a cultivated hybrid form, most likely bred by crossing and pomelo.

The orange got its name from the Dutch word appelsien or the German Apfelsine, which translates as “from China”, “Chinese apple”.

Orange - description and characteristics. How oranges grow.

The orange plant is a sufficiently powerful evergreen tree, the height of which depends on the variety: vigorous varieties of orange grow up to 12 m in height, dwarf forms have a height of about 4-6 m, trees for indoor cultivation reach 2-2.5 m in height. The most compact orange trees grow up to 60-80 cm.

The orange tree is distinguished by a dense dense crown of a round or pyramidal shape, and thorns up to 8-10 cm long often grow on its shoots. Orange leaves are dark green, dense, oval in shape with a sharp tip, growing up to 15 cm long and about 10 cm wide The edge of the leaf may be wavy, and at the very surface of the leaf there are special glands containing aromatic oil. One leaf lives for about 2 years, and on an orange tree, old and young leaves grow at the same time, performing different functions. Young orange leaves are responsible for photosynthesis, with their help the tree breathes, while the old leaves are a reservoir for nutrients. The period of intense leaf fall (about 25%) occurs in February and March, and the orange tree loses another quarter of the old leaves during the year.

Roots.

Orange roots, unlike other fruit trees, do not have the root hairs needed to absorb moisture and nourishment from the soil. But on the roots there are special capsules with colonies of special soil fungi that form mycorrhiza with orange roots. Orange supplies amino acids and carbohydrates to mushrooms, and in return receives moisture and minerals, which mushrooms provide in a form that is easily digestible for the plant. The overgrown mycelium of mushrooms does not tolerate drought, lowering the temperature of the soil and exposing the roots on which it grows, therefore oranges are very demanding on moisture, heat and suffer greatly when transplanted without a clod of earth.

Flowers.

The orange has large bisexual flowers of white or pink color, up to 5 cm in diameter, single or growing in inflorescences of 6 pieces. Bookmark flower buds going on in early spring, flowers can stay in the bud stage for about a month, then open at a temperature of 16-18 degrees and bloom for about 2-3 days.

Fruit.

The fruit of an orange is called an orange. It is distinguished by a round or oval shape and has a structure typical of other types of citrus fruits. Such a fruit, which comes from the upper ovary, is called a hesperidium (one of the varieties of a berry-like fruit). Thus, the orange fruit is a fruit and a berry.

The pulp of an orange consists of 9-13 detachable segments covered with thin film. Each lobule contains many juice-filled sacs that are formed from the inner epidermis of the carpels. The taste of orange pulp can be sweet, sweet and sour, or bitter.

Some fruits do not form seeds, but most oranges do contain multi-seed seeds, arranged in a slice one above the other.

Peel.

The smooth or porous peel of an orange is up to 5 mm thick, its top layer, the flavedo (zest), contains many rounded glands filled with essential oil. The white spongy layer that covers the inside of the peel is called the albedo. Due to its loose structure, the flesh of an orange lags behind the skin quite easily. According to the variety and stage of ripeness, the orange peel makes up 17 to 42% of the total weight of the fruit. Orange peel color can be greenish, pale yellow, bright orange and orange red.

Ripening dates.

Orange is a remontant plant capable of re-blooming and fruiting, so an orange tree can simultaneously contain buds, flowers and fruits in different stages of ripeness. The ripening of oranges lasts about 8-9 months, and ripened fruits can long time stay on the branches, and in the spring they turn green again, and by autumn they acquire a characteristic Orange color. Seeds of fruits ripening within 2 seasons are of better quality, but the pulp loses its taste and beneficial features.

How long does an orange grow?

The orange tree grows rapidly (annual growth is about 40-50 cm) and begins to bear fruit 8-12 years after planting. Life cycle of an orange tree is about 75 years old, although individual specimens live up to 100-150 years and produce about 38 thousand fruits in a harvest year.

Homeland of the orange Southeast Asia(China), in the 16th century exotic fruit came to Europe, and then to Africa and the USA. Nowadays, orange is widely cultivated in many regions of the tropical and subtropical climatic zones, and Brazil, China and the USA are the leaders in fruit export. Spain, Italy, India, Pakistan, Argentina, Morocco, Syria, Greece, Egypt and Iran are slightly behind.

Types and varieties of oranges, photos and names.

According to the speed of ripening, varieties of oranges are divided into:

early;
mid-early;
Late.

Depending on the size, shape, taste, color of the fruit and pulp, orange varieties are divided into 2 main groups:

Light oranges (with orange flesh);
- Ordinary (oval) oranges;
- navel oranges;
King oranges (with reddish flesh).

More detailed description this classification is given below.

Ordinary or oval oranges- an extensive group of high-yielding varieties that are distinguished by a round or oval fruit shape and tasty, sweet and sour pulp of brightly yellow color containing many seeds. Oranges are medium to large in size, and the skin is thin, pale orange or yellow, well fused with the flesh. Most famous varieties ordinary oranges:

Hamlin (Hamlin)- an early ripe variety of oranges with small or medium-sized fruits of a round or slightly flattened shape and a thin, even yellow skin. Grown mainly in Brazil and the USA, it has excellent transportability and is stored for a long time, it is actively used in indoor floriculture;
Verna- a late variety of oranges of Spanish origin, with medium-sized or medium-sized elongated, low-seeded fruits containing sweet, tasty pulp;
Salustiana- a late-ripening orange variety of high economic importance in Spain and Morocco. The fruits are characterized by an oval-spherical or slightly flattened shape and a yellow-orange color of a thin, easily peeled peel. The juicy slices are pitted and have a sweet, buttery flavor.

Navel Oranges (Navel)- a group of varieties, on the trees of which thorns do not grow, and the fruits have a characteristic mastoid outgrowth-navel at the top, a reduced second fruit. Navel oranges are the largest, the average fruit weight is about 200-250 g, and individual specimens weigh up to 600 g. Distinctive feature most varieties also have a rough, easily detachable skin and exceptional consumer qualities: juicy, orange flesh, sweet taste with a slight sourness and an exquisite citrus aroma. The most popular varieties of navel oranges:

Washington Navel (Washingtoh Navel)- a variety of bright orange oranges of important world economic importance, known since the 17th century, as well as one of the few oranges that successfully bear fruit in the Transcaucasus. Medium and large orange fruits have a round or slightly elongated shape and weight from 170 to 300 g. Orange pulp is bright orange, sweet with a slight sourness and a small number of seeds. Orange Washington Navel - one of the most popular varieties for home breeding;
Navel Late (Navel Late)- a late variety of oranges, very similar to the Washington Navel variety, but differing in more tender pulp and increased keeping quality;
Thomson Navel (Thomsonnavel) - a variety of round or oval oranges with a characteristic small navel and relatively thin, light orange skin with small pores. The pulp of the fruit, compared to Washington Navel, is more fibrous and not as juicy;
Navelina (Navelina)- most early variety small and medium oranges with a small navel. Rounded or ovoid fruits have a thin, finely porous orange peel and loose, sweet pulp.
Of particular note is the variety of oranges Kara-Kara (Cara Cara navelorange), which is a mutation of the Washington Navel variety and was found in Venezuela in 1976. Kara-Kara inherited most of the characteristics of the original variety: the navel, the orange color of a well-separated zest and the exceptional taste of juicy pulp. But its main difference is the flesh of a ruby hue, comparable to the color of the pulp of the darkest grapefruits. An interesting feature variety is the ability to produce a certain number of variegated shoots, on which striped fruits subsequently develop.

Blood orange, king orange or king orange- This is a group of varieties that has in its composition anthocyanins, pigments that give the fruits and their pulp a blood-red color. Blood orange also has a name Sicilian orange, since the first landings appeared precisely in Sicily. The king orange is a natural mutation of the common orange. The trees of this varietal group are distinguished by long ripening periods, short stature and an elongated crown. The fruit of the blood orange is characterized by a rounded, slightly ribbed shape and a poorly detachable peel of brown, red or dark orange. The flesh of the kinglet is distinguished by red, orange, burgundy or red-striped color, and the fruits are especially valued for their exquisite sweet and sour taste and excellent aroma. According to historians, blood oranges have been grown in Sicily since the 9th-10th centuries. They are currently cultivated throughout Italy, Spain, Morocco and the US states of Florida and California.

There are 3 main varieties of blood oranges:

Moro orange (Moro) - a fairly young variety, bred at the beginning of the 19th century in Sicily in the province of Syracuse. The skin of a blood orange is orange or reddish-orange, and the flesh is blood-streaked orange, bright crimson, or almost black. Fruit diameter from 5 to 8 cm. Weight 170-210 grams. Moro oranges have a strong citrus aroma with a hint of or wild berries and bitter taste.

orange Sanguinello (Sanguinello) originally from Spain, similar to the Moro orange and cultivated in the Northern Hemisphere. The blood orange fruit has an orange peel with a reddish tint, sweet red flesh with red spots, which contains few seeds. The fruits ripen from February to March.

orange Tarocco (Tarocco) Considered one of the most popular Italian varieties, it is believed to be the product of a natural mutation of the Sanguinello orange. Tarocco oranges are medium in size, have a thin orange-red skin and do not have pronounced red pigmentation of the pulp, therefore they are called “half-breeds”. Thanks to their juiciness, sweet taste, lack of pits and high content of vitamin C, Tarocco red oranges are considered one of the most sought-after varieties in the world. Cultivated on fertile soils in the vicinity of Mount Etna.

Orange hybrids, photos and names.

Crossing the orange with other citrus species has given rise to a number of interesting hybrid forms.

A hybrid of sweet orange and three-leafed poncirus, the purpose of which was to breed a cold-resistant orange. Citranzh tolerates a drop in air temperature to -10 degrees, but its fruits have a bitter taste. Citrange is commonly used in the preparation of drinks, marmalade or jam.

A hybrid of citrange and kumquat, it is a compact tree, sometimes with small thorns, producing round or oval fruits with an elongated neck. Eaten fresh or used to make marmalade and lemonade.

- one of the types of citranzhquat, a hybrid of orange, margarita kumquat and three-leafed poncirus. Fruits are yellow or yellow-orange in color, medium size, oval or pear-shaped. The peel is thin and bitter, the flesh with a small number of seeds, very sour when unripe, becomes quite edible when fully ripe.

- a hybrid of mandarin and orange beetle. The fruits of the hybrid are visually similar to tangerines, but differ in a firmer skin, rich sweet taste and juicy pulp. The second variety of clementine is a hybrid of mandarin and bitter Seville orange, bred in Algeria in 1902. The fruits are small, orange, with a hard skin.

Clementines are usually divided into three types:

Corsican clementine - its fruits are medium in size, covered with an orange-red skin, the pulp is fragrant, there are no seeds in it;
Spanish clementine can have both small and larger fruits with bright orange pulp of a sour taste. The fruit contains two to ten seeds;
Montreal clementine is a rare type of citrus with sour fruits containing 10-12 seeds.

Santina (English)Suntina) - a hybrid of clementine and orlando. Bright orange fruits of medium or large size, with a thin skin, are distinguished by a sweet taste and strong aroma. The ripening period is from late November to March.

Tangor (English)Tangor, temple orange) - the result of crossing sweet orange and tangerine. The fruits are medium or large, can reach 15 cm in diameter. The shape of the fruit is slightly flattened, the peel is of medium thickness, porous, yellow or deep orange. The presence of seeds depends on the variety of tangor. The flesh of tangors is very fragrant, orange, has a sour or sweet and sour taste.

Ellendale (eng.Ellendale tangor) – citrus hybrid, a variety of tangor obtained by crossing tangerine, mandarin and orange. Citrus is native to Australia. The fruits are medium to large in size, juicy, with a reddish-orange rind and very sweet, fragrant dark orange flesh. The skin is thin, smooth and easy to peel. Seeds may vary in number or be absent altogether.

Orangelo (eng.Orangelo) or chironha (Spanish)Chironja) supposedly considered a natural hybrid of grapefruit and orange. The fruit is native to Puerto Rico. The fruits are large, the size of a grapefruit, have a slightly elongated or pear-shaped shape. When ripe, the peel is bright yellow, thin and smooth, quite easily separated from the pulp. There are few seeds. The pulp is orange-orange, tender, juicy. The taste is sweeter, similar to orange and lacks the bitterness of grapefruit.

ugly fruit or ugly (eng.Ugli fruits) - This is the result of crossing a tangerine, grapefruit (or pomelo) and orange. Agli fruits grow in Jamaica, they are not very beautiful in appearance due to a rough and wrinkled peel. The diameter of the fruit is from 10 to 15 cm. The color of the fruit varies from green to yellow-green and orange. Despite some unattractiveness, the pulp of the agli fruit is very tasty and has a grapefruit note. The fruiting period is from December to April.

Grapefruit (lat.Citrus paradisi) according to scientists, it is a natural hybrid of orange and pomelo. The fruits are large, with a diameter of 10 to 15 cm, with juicy sweet and sour pulp with a slight bitterness. The color of the pulp, depending on the variety, can be almost white, light pink, yellow or reddish. The skin is yellow or reddish.

Meyer lemon (lat.Citrus meyeri) - presumably the result of hybridization with an orange or a tangerine. large fruits have a rounded shape, when mature, the peel acquires a yellow-orange hue. The flesh is dark yellow, juicy and not as acidic as a regular lemon, and contains seeds.

Natsudaidai (Natsumikan, Amanatsu) (Eng.Amanatsu, natsumican) - a natural hybrid of orange and pomelo (or grapefruit). The plant was first discovered in Japan in the 17th century. The fruit has a fairly thick peel of yellow-orange color, it is eaten fresh, but its juicy pulp tastes quite sour. The fruit contains many seeds.

Orange calories.

100 g of orange contains 36 kcal.

Nutritional value of orange per 100g:

Proteins - 0.9 g;
Fats - 0.2 g;
Carbohydrates - 8.2 g;
Water - 87 g.

Orange: benefit and harm.

Beneficial features.

The exceptional popularity of the orange is due not only to excellent taste its fruits, but also a unique chemical composition with a high content useful substances found in the pulp, juice, zest and seeds. The main advantage of an orange is the high content of vitamin C (50 mg per 100 g), because 150 g of an orange satisfies the daily human need for ascorbic acid. Orange fruits have a general strengthening effect on the body and increase immunity.

Orange contains a number of vitamins and minerals necessary for the human body:

Vitamins B, A, PP, E;
Minerals (potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc);
pectins;
Phytoncides;
Anthocyanins;
Sugar;
Citric and salicylic acid;
Essential oil of orange.

A balanced combination of useful substances allows the use of oranges in the complex treatment of a number of pathological conditions:

obesity;
colds and various viral diseases, high fever;
anemia, anemia, weakness, loss of appetite;
chronic constipation;
atherosclerosis;
hypertension;
gout;
liver disease;
scurvy;
periodontal disease and bleeding gums;
gastritis and low acidity of the stomach;
vascular and heart diseases;
urolithiasis disease;
lead poisoning;
increased nervous excitability.

In order not to lose essential oils, bioflavonoids and pectins, which are rich in zest and seeds, oranges for juice are recommended to be squeezed whole.

Orange leaves purify the air and saturate the room with phytoncides, which have a detrimental effect on various pathogenic bacteria. This property is one of the factors in favor of breeding oranges at home.

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