Independent production of blocks for partitions. Do-it-yourself cinder blocks at home video

Cinder block is a fairly cheap material for the construction of low-rise buildings. In addition, you can build a building from cinder blocks with your own hands, without resorting to the help of specialists. To reduce the cost of such blocks, they resort to the independent manufacture of cinder blocks.

The cinder block is made at home only if it is planned to build a garage or other outbuilding. If it is planned to build a residential building, then it is better to buy a cinder block, or use, for example, foam concrete.

For a small building, you can build a mold for making material with your own hands. For serial production, you need to acquire special machine intended for the manufacture of blocks.

It is preferable to make a mold for cinder blocks from metal

To make a block with your own hands, the first step is to draw up drawings of the form and equipment. Usually, the mold for the material is designed so that the output is a block of standard sizes. But you can also make the block both larger and smaller, depending on the type of building and the goals pursued.

Necessary materials for work:

• wooden or metal form for the preparation of material;
• necessary components for mixing the composition;
• concrete mixer (can be self-made);
• a warehouse for storing cinder blocks, which prevents water from entering the material;
• vibrating table (it is possible without it);
• vibrating machine (for the manufacture of a large number of cinder blocks).

How to make a block shape?

In production, molds are made of iron or steel so that they can handle large volumes of mortar, up to several tons. For the production of such blocks with your own hands, you can use a wooden mold. In fact, the formwork should be obtained, into which the cinder block mixture will be poured.

It is necessary to take into account the thickness of the wooden sheets when measuring, so that the dimensions of the future cinder block are the inside of the mold.

Usually, to make it more convenient to remove the cinder block, the shape is made without a bottom, placing a film under the bottom. But it is necessary to ensure that the surface of the base is even, however, like the wooden parts. The surface can be a flat table, a concrete surface or a sheet of iron..

For erection bearing walls hollow blocks are used, for which purpose bottles are used that form voids, they are pre-filled with water so that they do not float out of the solution.

Composition of the mixture

To learn how to make a cinder block yourself, you need to know what is included in the mixture.

The mixture for cinder blocks has the following composition:

• cement;
• water;
• sand;
• slag components.

In fact, almost anyone is thrown into the mixture for cinder blocks construction garbage which is not quite right

For the manufacture of cinder blocks with their own hands the following proportions must be adhered to:

• 7 parts of slag;
• 3 parts sand;
• 1 part cement;
• 1 part water.

For the manufacture of blocks, cement grade M-400 is usually used. Of course, it is better to use cement M-500. In this case, it can be used 10-15% less.

What blocks can be made from?

Making blocks with your own hands saves money. Cement, of course, will have to be purchased at the store, but the rest of the components can be obtained for free. Water and sand are natural elements that are easy to get. Slag components can be obtained from almost any construction waste:

• wood sawdust;
• brick fight;
• glass break;
• ash;
• rubble waste;
• battle of hardened cement mortar;
• metallurgical waste.

As you can see, slag components can also be obtained for free.

How to make cinder blocks yourself?

Material manufacturing process:

1. The necessary components are laid in the concrete mixer in the indicated proportions. The mixture is prepared in the same way as the usual concrete mix for building a foundation.
2. The mixture is poured into a pre-prepared form. After pouring, it must be compacted. In mass production, this is done using a special vibrating machine. But in his absence, this can be done by tapping with an ordinary hammer on top of the mold. This is necessary so that the mixture is properly compacted and fills all the voids in the form, and also that all air bubbles come out. After all, the more air is contained inside the block, the less its strength becomes.
3. For the formation of voids, it is necessary to put glass bottles pre-filled with water. Usually 2 bottles are used for one block, which are placed evenly over the entire base of the mixture.

Ready-made cinder blocks are usually removed from the molds after 2-4 days. The material will fully harden after 28 days., only then the blocks can be used in construction. In order to prevent cracking of the resulting cinder blocks at the time of hardening, they must be periodically moistened with water, especially if drying occurs in hot weather.

Voids in the block do not reduce its strength, but increase thermal insulation and sound absorption

Manufacturing Equipment

The method described above is considered low-cost. It is useful to those who want to build a small outbuilding. If it is planned to mass-produce cinder blocks, special equipment is needed, the price of which may vary according to some indicators.

The equipment for the manufacture of cinder blocks is a vibrating machine. Prices per piece for it are completely different, and may differ in a number of ways:

• manufacturer;
• power;
• performance.

Blocks during drying are not recommended to be placed on top of each other, but only after complete drying.

The quality of the structure directly depends on the quality of the cinder blocks, so the process of their manufacture must be approached very responsibly. It is necessary to keep drawings, observe safety precautions and be competent in mixing the mixture, and in observing the necessary proportions.

Price

One block with dimensions 188x190x390 costs from 22 to 65 rubles, depending on a number of indicators. But if you learn how to make cinder blocks at home, then the material can be obtained even cheaper. The only thing you have to spend money on is the equipment and materials necessary for the manufacture of cinder blocks.

Conclusion

In order to make cinder blocks yourself, you do not need to be a professional and undergo training. The process of making blocks is very simple. If you plan to build a small outbuilding, then there is no need to buy material, you can make it yourself even without special equipment.

If you plan to build a large building, for example, a house with several floors, in this case you will need special equipment capable of producing dozens of blocks per hour. Thus, you can increase the speed of construction.

How do-it-yourself cinder blocks are made at home is clear from the video:

Wall blocks have long become one of the most common building materials. When building a garage, residential building or other outbuildings for building walls, the cheapest building materials are cinder blocks. They are made from almost any waste material. At the same time, cinder blocks are laid into the walls not only on a sand-cement mortar, but also on a clay mortar, which further reduces the cost of construction. Unlike brick, building blocks are much easier to do at home with your own hands. The process of making cinder blocks and the technology is quite simple and accessible to anyone who wants to save money and who likes to do it himself.

Briefly, what is a cinder block?
According to the prevailing opinion, cinder blocks are commonly understood as blocks made by vibrocompression (vibroforming) from a concrete solution, the main components of the solution are slag and cement as the main binder. However, today cinder blocks are conditionally called any building blocks obtained by vibrocompression (vibroforming) from a concrete solution. The presence of slag is not necessary - as components of the concrete solution there can be: slag, granite screenings, granite rubble, river rubble, gravel, brick and concrete breakage, hardened cement breakage, glass breakage, expanded clay and even sand.
Usually the size of the cinder block is in the range of 200 mm by 200 mm by 400 mm or less. There are two types of cinder blocks - hollow and full-bodied. There are a great many varieties of blocks: these are ordinary wall blocks(for example, cinder block, smooth block 140), wall blocks (used for the construction of partitions indoors, has a thickness of 90 mm), decorative blocks for walls (decorative block 190), blocks for fences (decorative block 140, decorative corner block), blocks for finishing facades (facade stone), etc. At home, you can also make clay bricks - the choice is yours.

For the manufacture of cinder blocks, you need two things: shape and raw materials.

Form options for cinder blocks

Form from sheet metal 3 mm thick. Together with assistants, using a concrete mixer, you can “release” up to 300 pieces of blocks per day without much effort. Is it a lot or a little? Judge for yourself: a 6x4 m garage will require 450 such blocks, and 1000 pieces per floor of a 6.5x8 m house.

Form for concrete blocks (all dimensions are internal, welds are external).

Block making mortar prepared like this. Knead a slightly moistened mixture (the amount of water is determined empirically) in the proportion: cement - 1 part, slag or expanded clay - from 7 to 12 (the proportion is given for M400 cement). Having set the form on a flat area, fill it with mortar, ram it with a manual tamper and, having aligned along the upper edge, cut off the excess with a metal strip. Now carefully remove the form (it is without a bottom) - the block is ready.

Place the form side by side and repeat the process. At the end of the work, do not forget to thoroughly wash the mold with water. After 24 hours, the blocks can already be stored (no more than three in height), making room for the next batch. The size of the mold is given in case you decide to lay walls with an additional lining of 1/2 brick. If your building will have walls plastered on both sides, then you can take arbitrary sizes - if only you could then lift such a block with your hands. And when laying walls 50 cm thick, do not forget to “bandage” with a bonded brick row every two rows of blocks.

The sizes of home-made cinder blocks can be chosen "for yourself".
most the simplest form, which satisfied me the most, I made as follows. I picked up planed boards with a width along the height of the cinder block (140 mm). The length of the board should be no more than 2 m, since working with a longer form is more difficult: you have to do a lot of unnecessary movements. Next you need cross bars. The two extreme crossbars are connected to the longitudinal boards "on sliding grooves" (Fig.

Form for three cinder blocks

With inside longitudinal boards(between the crossbars) every 140 mm, cut with a hacksaw and a chisel transverse grooves with a depth of 7 ... 8 mm. The width of the cut depends on the thickness of the dividing plates made of sheet iron, textolite, getinaks. Plates from other durable sheet material will also work, as long as it is smooth enough. From fig. 1 it is clear how to make a mold. To describe it for a long time and there is no point, I just want to say that the finished form is placed on an absolutely flat surface before pouring the solution into it. All details of the form made of wood, it is desirable to paint any oil paint, which will provide easier removal of cinder blocks from the mold. Each time, before pouring into the form of the solution, all its internal surfaces are wiped with solar oil (diesel fuel) or used engine oil. Rub lightly, not too much. To reduce the consumption of the solution, and cinder blocks turned out to be light and with voids, - and this is additional heat in indoors, - forms pour the solution up to half, after which champagne bottles are pressed into the solution.

Form filled with mortar

If the level of the solution does not rise enough after installing the bottles, required amount solution (to the top of the mold) is added with a trowel. After 2 ... 3 hours, the solution will significantly settle and get stronger, then the bottles are pulled out, carefully turning them around the axis, and immediately washed with water, otherwise the solution will firmly stick to them and the bottles will be unsuitable for further use.
The process of removing cinder blocks from the mold is very simple. Just lightly tap the mold around the perimeter with a hammer and disassemble it. The side boards are easy to separate, but the separation plates are somewhat more difficult to remove. You will have to carefully beat with a hammer on the protruding plate from above and slightly to the side.
Every day, that is, after 24 hours, I took out the almost hardened cinder blocks from the mold and poured the solution into it again. I did not use any compaction of the solution with a rammer or with the help of vibration. A few words about the solution. Despite the fact that it was rather liquid, cinder blocks, after appropriate exposure, acquired such strength that they the greatest work it was possible then to split or hew.
For one part of cement brand "400" I took 9 or even 10 parts of slag. There was no marriage. Why did I tell this? Yes, in order to quickly make a solid number of excellent quality cinder blocks with just a few forms. I made cinder blocks in the evening after work every day, and I will say that this work was not a burden for me.I don’t have a concrete mixer and I knead the mortar manually in a pallet with a capacity of 300 p. .

And another option for self-production of blocks. Sheet metal mold.

I chose the dimensions of the blocks 510x250x215 mm (the volume is 14 bricks). I welded 11 molds without bottoms from sheet iron waste. From the sides welded on 2 handles.

Right on the ground I spread the roofing material, put the form. To prevent the mixture from seizing with the walls of the mold, I wipe them from the inside with a rag moistened with used oil or diesel fuel. I fall asleep there hard expanded clay concrete. Ramming is not very strong. I remove the first form after filling the 11th - this is about 10-12 minutes later. The blocks stand still for 12 hours. Then I shift them under a canopy. They harden at a positive temperature for 24 days. I make a canopy from roofing material, tarpaulin or polyethylene film. Under it, the blocks will be protected from rain and sun.

Tried make blocks with voids. He inserted two wooden round timber, turned into a cone and wrapped with roofing iron. Hollow formers can be round, square, rectangular ... Depending on how the blocks are laid, the wall thickness is 215, 250 or 510 mm.

For thick walls, it is better to make the blocks hollow, for thin walls - filled. Conventionally, walls with a thickness of 215 mm without voids can be called cold, 250 mm - semi-warm, 510 mm with voids - warm.

To make half blocks, I insert a sheet of iron in the center of the mold. In the blanks that are used to form openings in the wall of the house, you have to make wooden plugs to secure the door and window frames.

Tried make building blocks using a vibrator, but the solution goes to the bottom of the mold and the expanded clay does not bind. To prevent this from happening, general form for multiple blocks. The vibrator was fixed on the side. I made the walls of the mold 1/3 higher - this is for concrete shrinkage during vibration.

Fillers can be local non-deficient materials: expanded clay, slag, sawdust, etc. I used cement, expanded clay and sand in a ratio of 1: 4: 1 to prepare the mixture.

The hardest work is the preparation of concrete. It is advisable to use a simple home-made concrete mixer or a ready-made purchased one.

Cinder blocks were and are one of the most popular materials for the construction of various structures in construction. Their characteristic strength, as well as good thermal insulation properties, make it possible to build quickly and relatively easily and quite cheaply. Both a professional and an inexperienced bricklayer can build from them.

Cinder block is one of the most requested materials for the construction of walls of one-story buildings. It is distinguished by its low cost and the possibility of its independent production at home.

Cinder block - wall stone

This building material is intended for low-rise construction. There is an opinion that if cement of a “high” brand is included in the mixture, then a solid foundation for a bathhouse or a house can be made from home-made blocks. However, the foundation blocks must withstand huge loads, so the blocks should be purchased at the factory, and not made independently.

Cinder blocks are:

• hollow;
• corpulent.

Thanks to sufficient strength characteristics, full-bodied cinder blocks are used for cladding and erection of load-bearing walls, as well as partitions. At the same time, hollow products have good heat and sound insulation. Due to voids, raw materials are significantly saved, which means that the cost of production is much lower.

Cinder blocks are also used as an additional insulation in the construction of frames.

How to knead a solution to create a cinder block?

The name of the building material "cinder block" speaks for itself. This means that the main component of the solution will be the slag obtained in the blast furnace, which should be sieved through a special sifter (sieve).

We will need:

• 7 parts of the main filler (they will serve as slag);
• 2 shares of gravel having fractions of 5-15 mm;
• one and a half parts of cement (it is best to take the brand M 400, 500);
• about 3 parts water.

In addition to slag, other components can act as the main element: clay, expanded clay, sand, gravel, crushed stone, gypsum and many others. It should be noted that if you have chosen blast-furnace slag as a filler, then other additives are prohibited to use. If you want to get a colored cinder block, then chalk or red bricks brought to small crumbs can be introduced into the solution (they should be crushed).

In addition, during the production of cinder blocks, make sure that the solution does not spread.

Name of components	Qty components	Density, kg/m3	Water absorption, %	Мрз, cycles not less than	Compressive strength, kg/cm2
Cement, kg Sand, kg (m3) Crushed stone, kg (m3) Water, l (depending on the humidity of the components)	500 900 (0,52) 900 (0,52) 100...200	2350	4	200	410
Cement, kg Screenings, kg (m3) Sand, kg (m3) Water, l	500 920 (0,54) 1150 (0,7) 100...200	2160	4,5	200	400
Cement, kg Sand, kg (m3) Water, l	600 1550 (0,9) 100...190	2200	5,3	200	436

Tip for obtaining durable blocks: a plasticizer must be added to the solution (you can buy it at any hardware store). Then you will get not only durable, but also frost-resistant and waterproof blocks.

When you are going to independently establish the process of creating cinder blocks, you should understand that there is no universal solution recipe. Each master, through trial and error, selects his own unique formula. If you are a beginner, you can resort to the standard.

Cinder block production methods

There are two ways to get such blocks on your site.

1. With the help of formwork, that is, a form made of lumber or steel sheets.
2. Based on the work of a special machine.

Video - Making a cinder block by hand

Video - Cinder block walking mobile machine

Video - Machine for the manufacture of cinder blocks

Tools and materials for the production of blocks:

• forms (wood or metal), or vibration machines;

  2,3,4 - pallet blanks. 5,6,7 - framing the matrix from below (corner 25x25). 8 - bar for fastening voids. 9 - void. 10 - upper plug of the void. 11 - lower plug of the void
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

• concrete mixer;
• spatula for leveling;
• shovel for pouring mortar;
• solution.

Instructions for making your own mold

The design of the form has the following form: bottom and side walls. Between a pair of transverse boards or sheets of metal, you should fix the crossbars at the distance you need. Maintain a step corresponding to the size of the required cinder block.

Because to get ready product from the form it will be difficult, the design of the container must be collapsible. For production efficiency, make formwork designed to receive 4-6 cinder blocks.

To make a mold in order to create cinder blocks, you will need:

• sheets of iron 3 mm thick;
• iron strips 5 mm (several pieces);
• cylinders, 4 cm in diameter;
• welding machine;
• Bulgarian;
• chalk for marking.

Stages of manufacturing a single detachable metal mold

Step 1. We mark the sheet according to the size of the blocks: we need two longitudinal sides and two transverse ones. We cut our plates with a grinder.

The width of the longitudinal plate is 210 mm, the length is 450 mm, the transverse plate is 210 by 220 mm.

Step 2 Wings, 3.5 cm high, should be welded to the bottom of the mold for the cinder block so that the mold does not move, and a handle to quickly release the poured solution from the mold.

Step 3 Notches are made along the contour of the transverse and longitudinal walls in order to hook the mold on the longitudinally installed walls.

Step 4. We collect our form.

Step 5. To create voids in the cinder block, we make hinged cylinders. They must be welded to a plate 3-4 mm thick, which should seem to penetrate the cylinders closer to the top. We make notches on the end walls of our container to hook them.

Video - Do-it-yourself mold for cinder blocks

Production of cinder blocks using a split mold

Forms have any dimensions. Standard sizes structures 90x190x188 mm, in private construction other sizes can be used, for example, 40x20x20 cm. In order to save material, it is better to use molds with cells of 4-6 blocks and cylinders (squares) to create cavities.

A metal self-made form (detachable) has the following appearance.

Consider the phased process of manufacturing cinder blocks.

Step 1. We mix the solution in a concrete mixer.

Step 2 Pour the mixture into our mold with a shovel. In this case, the mixture is thick. You can also use a liquid solution.

Step 3 Be sure to ensure that the solution fills the container evenly. To do this, we tamp the filled solution. We control the filling of the form to the brim. Aligning upper layer using a spatula.

Step 4 If the solution is dry, then a special lid should be used, the holes in which will block the bayonets in the mold. This device will help to compact our cinder block. For a liquid solution, such a cover is not used.

Step 5 We move our block to an open area for the purpose of further storage. After 30-40 minutes, remove the bottom, sides and top cover. For a better extraction of the cinder block, we will beat the walls and the longitudinal strip with the cylinders on top with an ordinary hammer.

Step 6 For complete drying, we need at least a day.

Production of cinder blocks using a vibrating machine

Step 1. We knead our solution, taking into account the proportions. Particular attention should be paid the right amount water, because cinder blocks should not spread when you remove them from the mold.

kneading

In order to find out the correct consistency of the mixture, conduct a small test. Squeeze the solution in your hand: if it connects in it, and does not blur when it falls to the ground, this is a good and correct solution.

Step 2. We fill our form with a solution, with a slide.

Step 3 . We turn on the machine for 2-4 seconds, after which the loaded composition will be compacted. We level the mixture with our hands so that the iron pins (cylinders) are visible.

Step 4 If there is not enough mixture in the mold, it needs to be supplemented, the clamp inserted and the vibrator turned on again. The completion of the formation is evidenced by the sediment of the clamp on the limiters.

Step 5 . Our vibroform should again be switched on for 6-10 s.

Step 6 . We close the top with a lid with holes for the cylinders. And we make another ramming by raising and lowering the lid 4-5 times.

Step 7 . Then, without turning off the machine, the form is removed - it is enough to take the machine to yourself.

Up to 500 cinder blocks can be produced per shift using a vibrating machine.

Step 8 . We dry the blocks for 5-10 days. The complete hardening of the resulting building materials will be completed after a month, while the humidity should be high and the air warm.

Step 9. After a day, the blocks can be transferred to storage places (they will not be broken), but they can only be placed together after a week. And if you still add a plasticizer to the solution, then after 6-8 hours they can be moved and stored.

Of course, it is not worth buying a vibrating machine for a single production, but special attention should be paid to tamping when creating cinder blocks (the quality of the product depends on this process). In this case, you can use a conventional grinding vibrator, on which it is enough to place our mold with the mixture.

Video - Production of cinder blocks using a vibrating machine

Features of storage of cinder blocks

The received products are stored in pyramidal piles, one hundred pieces at a time.

At the same time, they fit with small intervals. It is enough for you to dry the material for a couple of months, then you can start building a bathhouse, an extension or a barn.

What are the features of the production of cinder block?

In the production of cinder blocks, special attention should be paid to drying. So, for example, any dent or unevenness will spoil the building material. Another requirement for the quality of the material is the geometry. A large number of irregularities and flaws is a prerequisite for increased costs for finishing the erected walls. Therefore, in order for the product to turn out even, it is necessary to fill the form or vibroform to the brim. Do not skimp on pouring the solution with a slide, because the vibration will shake your mixture.

For better plasticity, when mixing the solution, do not forget to fill in the plasticizer at the rate of 5 g per block. This will save the product from possible cracks, increase strength and frost resistance. To build a small bath, you can knead the solution manually, but a concrete mixer will help speed up the process. It is enough for you to buy or borrow for a while a small unit with a capacity of 02-0.5 cubic meters. m.

Video - Homemade concrete mixer

Before preparing the mixture, the slag is moistened 5-6 hours before. This will allow you to better bind the grains of cement and fractions of the filler. It should be noted that if you are filling wooden or metal molds without the possibility of vibrating, the mixture should be watery.

Pros and cons of using cinder blocks

The advantages of cinder block should include:

• possibility of manufacturing suburban area or in a private house;
• drying of the material can take place both in an autoclave ( industrial production) as well as outdoors(at self-manufacturing);
• a cinder block building carries minimal heat loss;
• the material is inexpensive;
• the construction of the building is carried out quickly, given big sizes blocks;
• when mixing the solution, you can, by changing the proportions, give it certain qualities;
• You can produce a cinder block of any size.

Disadvantages of cinder block:

• low frost resistance, but with the use of a special additive they can be increased;
• there are doubts in terms of environmental friendliness, especially for products made on the basis of blast-furnace slag;
• As for the liquid absorption characteristics, the material has strong moisture absorption and requires special protective coatings;
• fragility (this material is clearly not suitable for the construction of skyscrapers).

1. The blocks made with the addition of cement have the highest strength. The next place is occupied by blocks of lime.
2. If small granules are replaced with part of the sifted sand, then the strength of the products will increase slightly.
3. The combination of cement and lime (or clay) in a ratio of 3: 1 will save money, which will absolutely not win back on quality.
4. Before you start pouring the solution, the molds should be cleaned and wiped. This will prevent the resulting blocks from sticking to the bottom and walls. For such rubbing, diesel fuel, used oil, or similar means are used.
5. The density of the solution is a direct indicator of the rate of solidification. The thicker it is, the faster the block can freeze. The main characteristics of the quality of cinder blocks depend not only on the production technology, but also on the choice of solution. Below are Various types mixtures, the use of which demonstrates certain characteristics imposed on the material.

Video - Cinder block. Instructions for a beginner

Each of us needs a family and our own comfortable place for permanent residence. Someone wants to have an apartment in big city, and someone dreams of living where you can grow vegetables and fruits, keep pets, have a house suitable for habitation, and all the necessary outbuildings. But line it all up necessary premises from purchased building materials, not everyone can afford. In this case, we think about whether it is possible to build a house from hand-made material.

Aerated concrete blocks are a lightweight building material, so there is no need to strengthen the foundation when building a house.

This question was asked by all generations before us, so a sufficient number of ways to obtain building materials from improvised means have long been known.

The most optimal solution in this case is the construction of housing on your own from what can be obtained directly on the spot.

Elements of the supporting frame: 1 - the first row of blocks based on mortar; 2 - additional cellular blocks; 3 - annular reinforced belt; 4 - reinforced concrete floor slabs; 5 - heat-insulating gasket; 6 - monolithic reinforced concrete distribution belt; 7 - lintel reinforced from concrete; 8 - lintel made of concrete; 9 - waterproofing; 10 - base.

The most accessible of the materials that can be found everywhere is the earth, or rather, the soil, which is under the fertile layer. Since ancient times, both residential buildings and other buildings were built from the ground, but more often in those areas where there was little forest. Blocks were made from this material using plastic molding or tamping, as well as using formwork (the soil was simply stuffed into it very tightly).

For example, if do-it-yourself work on building a house is planned without a basement, then the soil that was taken out for the arrangement of the future foundation will be enough to build the walls of a one-story house. If you make a basement, then the house can already be made two-story. For walls, the soil that is taken out during the construction of a pool, drainage or well is also suitable.

Previously, it was not possible to mechanize at least some part of the manufacturing process of such a building material, but in our time, of course, you no longer have to mix the necessary ingredients with your feet, because special mechanized devices have been invented for this.

With the advent of special mechanisms, the situation with the construction using improvised materials has changed significantly for the better. Using an electrified tool, you can make material - mix it and compact it. And the result is no worse than in ancient times, but it takes much less time and physical effort.

To the authors of the equipment about which in question, managed to create a tool suitable for compacting concrete and other construction low-moisture mixtures and materials, as well as soil masses. And this invention, affordable to many, will make it possible to produce most of the building material and parts directly at the construction site.

Soil manufacturing technology

With the help of such a machine, it is possible to form wall blocks from local raw materials, incl. from the soil using the "zone injection" technology.

The production process of this device is based on the reproduction of the natural effect called "fluid wedge". home technological feature consists in the fact that the form, the molding powder mass and the supercharger simultaneously move in it. And all this without any vibrations and noises. This does not require such traditional processes as dosing mass, control of product size and pressure, which inflates the punch in similar molding plants.

In the molding machine called "Mini-supercharger" MN-05, a dense and uniform structure is formed throughout the entire volume of the mold, and the dimensions of the product always correspond to the shape in all respects. When switching to another material, no changeover of the equipment is required. And in the process, the effects of elastic aftereffect, air entrapment and overpressure are excluded.

Block laying sequence: a - single-row dressing system; b - multi-row dressing system; c, d - multi-row dressing system in a mixed way (numbers indicate the sequence of masonry).

MN-05, which has no analogues in the world, is intended not only for the manufacture of single-format blocks for construction needs, it can also be used to independently manufacture bricks, and different racks, blocks, slabs for window sills and much more needed when building a house with your own hands. The raw materials for MN-05 can also be different kinds soils, and, and industrial waste, and other materials.

This molding kit is indispensable for owners of garden and summer cottages, cottages, farmers, landscape designers and architects, as endless opportunities for individual creativity come off when building a house, and when landscaping any area, whether household plot or a park.

Everyone has the opportunity to work with this device. Nothing complicated needs to be done. And at the same time, the cost of building a house is several times lower than usual. Here are some parameters of products that can be made on MN-05 (name, size in millimeters and one-time quantity):

• raw brick from a soil block - 65x120x250 - 4 pcs;
• concrete block for paving - 65x120x250 - 4 pieces;
• paving slabs 250x250 - 2 pieces;
• concrete gas stone - 65x120x1000 - 2 pieces;
• flat tiles -120x250 - 4 pieces;
• window sill plate - 50x250x1500 - 1 pc;
• window jumper - 50x250x1500 - 1 pc;
• concrete facing tiles - 250x250x15 - 2 pieces;
• reinforced concrete post-column - 65x65x100 - 3 pcs;
• concrete tray - 65x250x100 - 1 pc.

The phenomenon of "fluid wedge" makes it possible to obtain unique properties material: its density reaches 99%, which prevents the occurrence of elastic stress, transverse delamination and expansion of the compacts, since air is not trapped.

Manufacturing in a block form

It is better to make a mold for making blocks with a removable bottom, so it will be easier to take out finished blocks.

There are other technologies for making blocks for construction and other building materials for the house with your own hands from improvised materials (clay, sand, lime, sawdust, earth bit) and from cement.

The technology that will be discussed now is similar to the technology called "tise" (technology + individual construction + ecology), but this one is modified and universal, since it can be used to make building blocks with voids (sand and cement mortar ), and without them (clay, sand, sawdust, cement, lime, earthbite).

The durability of block structures using this technology is greater than that of those made by traditional methods - up to 100 years or more. With the help of such blocks, it is possible to erect buildings up to 4 floors.

The process of making a block with your own hands:

• preparation of a solution (sand-cement or other);
• setting the block form to exactly horizontal position;
• pouring the solution into the mold (and, if necessary, ramming it);
• after 5-10 minutes, the pins and internal structures are removed to form voids;
• removal of the mold from the manufactured structure, further drying of the block.

In this way, you can make up to 40 blocks per day with your own hands. And building blocks made in block form have significant advantages over panel or brick blocks:

• very significant reduction in construction costs;
• use of economical equipment;
• no need for heavy lifting and transport vehicles;
• availability of building materials;
• minimal waste;
• ensuring high strength of the structure;
• high thermal insulation of the house;
• environmental safety and high level comfort;
• during operation there are no high costs for maintenance and repair.

Building blocks from wood concrete

The main composition of the wall blocks includes wood chips and concrete.

Wood concrete blocks are lightweight building blocks that are made from wood chips (usually from trees conifers), water, sawdust, chemicals and cement. In the sixties of the last century, the production of such blocks was carried out by more than 100 factories throughout the country. But after the approval of panel construction, production was discontinued.

Nowadays, it is possible to make blocks of wood concrete for building a house with your own hands, with strict observance of all technological requirements. The requirements of GOST, according to which wood concrete was previously made, involves the use of wood particles, the size of which is strictly 40x10x5 mm. The number of leaves and needles cannot exceed 5% and should not exceed 10% of the bark.

For manufacturing, a considerable amount of cement is needed, which worsens the thermal insulation properties of the material. It is because of this that wood chips are considered an ideal option as the main raw material.

Arbolit is an ideal material for making the walls of a bath or sauna.

Experts recommend the use of sawdust and shavings, because wood shavings can serve both for heat and for reinforcement. The ratio of sawdust and shavings can be either 1:1 or 1:2. Before use, in order to avoid rotting from chips and sawdust, sugar must be removed, and for this it is necessary to keep the material outdoors for 3-4 months. Without this procedure, swelling of the blocks is possible in the future.

During aging, it is necessary to periodically shovel chips with sawdust, but if this is not possible, then the mixture must be treated with calcium oxide. A solution is prepared at the rate of 150-200 liters of a 1.5% solution per 1 m² of raw materials. The processed mixture is left for 3-4 days with stirring several times a day.

For the manufacture of wood concrete is required. Experts recommend using Portland cement 400 grade, and liquid glass as additives, slaked lime, aluminum sulfate and calcium sulfate.

Additives are prepared in the amount of 2-4% of the mass of cement. The best combination of additives is considered to be a mixture of 50% calcium sulfate and 50% aluminum sulfate, or in the same ratio of liquid glass and calcium oxide.

Process Features

If possible, you can prepare both shavings and sawdust with your own hands using special machines and processes, but you can also purchase this raw material in ready-made and already processed.

This material is soaked in water with the addition of liquid glass. And to speed up the process of hardening and mineralization of the material, calcium chloride is added to the mass. In order to carry out disinfection, you need to introduce slaked lime.

And only after all these preparations, the mass is kneaded in a concrete mixer along with cement and other necessary ingredients. Next comes the filling of special forms with the resulting material, while it is necessary to compact the mixture with a manual rammer, a vibropress, or pneumatic or electric rammers.

Material shaping

Experts recommend making forms for blocks from boards and upholstering their walls with linoleum in order to make it easier to remove building blocks. With manual tamping, it is done in layers, made of wood and iron-studded tamper. After the block is aged for a day, and then removed. Then it is left under a canopy for full refinement to the desired strength. In this case, it should be covered while still wet for hydration.

The optimal temperature and time for this is 15 degrees and 10 days. At lower temperatures, longer holding times will be required. it is important not to allow the mark below zero and do not forget to periodically water the blocks with water.

Expanded clay blocks

You can do it yourself and. First of all, for the manufacture of expanded clay blocks, you need to prepare a special form. You can run it from a regular board. The form is made from a pallet and two halves, resembling the letter "G". The boards must be treated on the inside either with machine oil or beaten with tin. At the ends, special closures should be installed that will not allow the form to disintegrate or change dimensions.

It will be a little more difficult to make a form with void formers for an expanded clay block with voids, but this is offset by the economical consumption of expanded clay mixture. If desired, schemes for them correct manufacture can be found in articles on the subject.

The size of the form can be arbitrary and depend on the construction tasks, but the following sizes are more often used:

• 39x19x14 cm;
• 19x19x14 cm.

In addition to the form, you will need the following tools:

• Master OK;
• shovel;
• buckets;
• container for primary mixing of components with water;
• metal plate for final mixing of expanded clay concrete mass;
• water, sand, expanded clay.

Component ratio

To make a quality mixture, you need to take:

• 1 part of the binder - cement grade not lower than M400;
• 8 parts of expanded clay (approximately 300-500 kg / m³). It should be added that about 5 kg of expanded clay fraction from 5 to 20 mm is placed in a bucket of 10 liters;
• sand - 3 parts without admixture of clay and other components;
• 0-8 - 1 part water.

Experts advise adding a teaspoon of any washing powder for greater plasticity of the solution.

Proper mixture casting

With a trowel or shovel, you need to carefully pour all the components into a container of water and let this mass settle for some time. Then it is transferred to a metal sheet and brought to the desired state by thorough mixing.

After the finished mixture is laid in a mold and subjected to vibration using a special device that creates vibration impulses. You can get by with tapping with a shovel on the sides of the form.

After two days, the rammed block must be carefully released from the mold by unhooking the shutters on it, and in this form it should be left to harden for another 26 days.

A standard expanded clay block weighs from 16 to 17 kg, and it takes about 1.5 kg of cement, 4 kg of sand and 10.5 kg of expanded clay. Having made some simple calculations, we get that each block costs about 25 rubles, with an average cost of finished expanded clay of 30 rubles without delivery.

Aerated concrete blocks

For the preparation of blocks of aerated concrete, the following components are needed:

• Portland cement;
• quicklime;
• sand;
• water;
• a small amount of aluminum powder.

You will also need:

• concrete mixer;
• forms for blocks;
• metal strings, in order to cut off excess mixture from the top of the molds;
• shovel;
• measuring utensils;
• buckets;
• individual protection means.

The components are taken in the required proportion: quicklime and Portland cement - 20% each; quartz sand - 60%; aluminum powder - less than 1% and slightly more than 9% - water. All this is mixed in a mixer until the consistency of sour cream.

Molds for casting aerated concrete experts advise to purchase ready-made, preferring metal and plastic molds. And the finished mixture is poured into such forms, filling it in half, since gas formation will raise the mixture to the rest of the mixture in some time. And if the mixture rises above the edges, then the excess is cut off by the strings.

The mixture in the forms is aged for 6 hours. In this state, the blocks will already be ready for cutting into smaller pieces after the formwork is removed from the precast molds. When cutting, it is necessary to form gripping pockets and grooves for the fingers.

Further, in industrial conditions, the blocks are placed in an autoclave to gain strength, but these installations are very expensive, so when self-manufactured, the blocks will gain strength in natural conditions.

The removed and cut blocks are kept indoors for another day before they can be stacked one on top of the other. Such material can be used to build a house only after 28-30 days, when the blocks gain their final strength.

Whatever method you choose to prepare the material for building a house with your own hands, in any case, the construction of buildings from it will come out cheaper, and in some cases much more environmentally friendly, stronger and more comfortable than using industrial material.

There are various types of concrete blocks on the building materials market, including cinder blocks. They are characterized by low weight, increased size, which allows you to build a building at an accelerated pace. Wanting to reduce the estimated cost of work, many developers do not purchase block building materials, but make it on their own using a block production machine. Not always industrial models of vibration machines differ in quality and performance. Easy to do homemade unit following the given recommendations.

Cinder blocks

Types of concrete blocks for construction

Despite the fact that brick is often used in the construction industry for the construction of buildings, it is difficult for it to compete with block building materials made of concrete. To build a house, it is easy to pick up blocks that differ:

• increased dimensions;
• reduced weight;
• filler used;
• production technology.

The manufacturing technology of block products provides for the use of the following filler:

• expanded clay;
• sawdust;
• slag;
• brick fight;
• dropouts.

Expanded clay blocks

Block-type wall materials are divided into the following types:

• expanded clay concrete blocks;
• arbolite products;
• foam concrete building materials;
• aerated concrete products;
• cinder blocks.

The use of cinder blocks, the cost of which is lower than other block building materials, reduces the cost of building a building. Making cinder blocks on your own is easy to do at home using a block production machine. Consider the characteristics of cinder block building materials.

Cinder blocks - building material properties

Cinder blocks are a building material obtained by vibratory pressing technology. Along with cement and sand, the following types of filler are used for manufacturing:

• slag, which is a waste of metallurgical enterprises;
• screenings from granite and gravel;
• brick waste;
• river gravel;
• expanded clay particles.

Brick waste is one of the components for cinder blocks

The manufacture of cinder block products can be carried out in various ways:

• on industrial technology, providing for heat treatment and steaming;
• at home using a homemade block machine.

making cinder blocks block machine, you can get products with the following advantages:

• elevated thermal insulation characteristics. Slag concrete has low thermal conductivity and retains heat well;
• increased dimensions. They allow you to quickly build a cinder-block building, an outbuilding or a garage with your own hands;
• resistance to microorganisms and damage by rodents. This is ensured by the filler used and the structure of the cinder block array;
• reduced cost. A home-made cinder block is cheaper than, for example, a foam block purchased in a distribution network used for construction.

In addition, cinder-concrete material is fireproof, easy to process and dampens external noise.

Along with the advantages, slag concrete has a number of disadvantages:

• limited service life. The durability of the cinder concrete structure does not exceed two and a half decades;
• reduced strength properties. Only one-story and two-story buildings are erected from slag concrete;
• cracks when sheared. In the process of shrinking the box, cracks do not go along the seams, but directly along the blocks.

Slag concrete has low thermal conductivity and retains heat well

Slag concrete also has an unpresentable appearance, needs outdoor decoration. In addition, slag concrete cannot be used for foundation construction.

In spite of weak sides material, it is preferred in situations where it is required when minimal cost promptly build small building or commercial building.

Which is better to use a block machine

Before developers who decide to independently produce cinder blocks for building walls, the question arises of choosing equipment. It is not always possible to rent a machine for the production of building blocks, especially in small settlements. Many decide to make equipment on their own. Depending on financial capabilities, you can stop at the following options:

• the simplest design that allows you to make wall blocks at home at minimal cost;
• a modernized version of the unit, equipped with a sealing device and additional mechanisms.

It is difficult to give an unambiguous answer which machine for the production of blocks is preferable to use. It all depends on the number of blocks to be produced and funding opportunities. Let's take a look at the features of each unit.

Simplified Block Machine

For the manufacture of cinder blocks on your own in a reduced quantity, it is not necessary to manufacture a mechanized unit, use a vibrator, and also additional mechanisms. The manufacturing process using simplified technology can be carried out in special forms.

Simplified Block Machine

Procedure:

• Assemble the molds and coat them inner surface used oil.
• Pour the cinder block mixture into collapsible forms.
• Leave for 3-4 hours until the solution hardens.
• Disassemble the containers and carefully remove the blocks.
• Allow to dry indoors.

If it is necessary to manufacture hollow products, it is advisable to use ordinary bottles from drinks. Simplified machine for the production of blocks, which is a container required size made of wood or steel, can be made at a minimal cost.

Upgraded building block machine

With an increased need for cinder blocks for the construction of a large building, a more complex block production machine can be made, equipped with special devices:

• vibration mechanism. An electric motor is used as a vibration motor, on the drive shaft of which an eccentric is located. The drive power depends on the size of the form, the mass of the slag concrete solution and is 0.5–1.5 kW. Under the influence of vibration, the cinder concrete mass is compacted, the material is evenly distributed throughout the mold space, and air inclusions are removed. As a result of compaction, specific gravity and strength of cinder block products;
• lifting device. It is designed for accelerated extraction of finished products from molding containers. There are many constructive solutions, allowing to speed up and facilitate the excavation of blocks. In the most simple version it is enough to weld handles of arbitrary shape to the molding container, by pulling which you can remove the hardened block. Using ready-made drawings, you can independently assemble the lever mechanism from improvised materials.

Upgraded building block machine

The form used in this unit must correspond to the dimensions of the cinder block that is planned to be made. In most cases, products of standard dimensions are manufactured - 0.4x0.2x0.2 m. The molding container must have a height increased by 4 m5 cm so that the molded block after compaction has the required dimensions. To simulate cavities, cut pipes of the required diameter can be welded to the bottom of the tank.

We make a machine for blocks with our own hands - a sequence of actions

To perform the assembly of the vibrocompactor, it is necessary to prepare. You will need the following materials and tools:

• steel sheets 2.5–3 mm thick;
• metal pipe with an outer diameter of 7.5m8.5 cm;
• electric motor with a power of up to one kilowatt;
• apparatus for electric welding with electrodes;
• grinder complete with a cutting wheel for metal;
• locksmith tool.

Before starting production, you should prepare drawings and deal with the design of the machine for the production of blocks. It is necessary to determine the dimensions of the blocks that will be manufactured - the size of the mold depends on this. It can be welded for standard products or made in an enlarged size.

Drawing machine for cinder block

When everything is prepared, we make a machine for the production of block products, observing the sequence of operations:

• cut out steel sheet rectangular blanks for welding a molding container of the required size.
• Grab them with electric welding and assemble the side edging of the molding box for pouring the cinder block mixture.
• Check the correctness of the tack, with an equal length of the diagonal, finally weld the mold elements.
• Cut tubular blanks, the length of which is equal to the height of the form and make diametrically located cuts on the side surface.
• Provide a cone-shaped tubular elements and weld them to the bottom sheet of the future mold box.
• Weld the transverse jumper to the cones, install the plugs on the ends with a smaller size.
• Make the final assembly of the forming box by welding the bottom with inserts to the edging.
• Fasten two handles on opposite sides for lifting and transporting the forming container.
• Install the vibration motor screw fasteners and screw the vibration motor with balance weight.
• Cut out the top cover to match the dimensions of the inside of the box and have holes for pipes.
• Apply an anti-corrosion coating, assemble the unit and check its operation.

The use of an oversized group tank allows you to increase the productivity of the vibrocompression machine.

Drawing. Vibroforming machine

Independent production of cinder blocks - recipe

Do-it-yourself cinder block making machine

For the manufacture of cinder blocks on self-made equipment, it is necessary to prepare the following materials:

• Portland cement marked M400 and above;
• screenings or small gravel;
• slag or ash from coal combustion;
• sifted sand;
• water.

Special plasticizers are also used, which increase the strength of the cinder block mass and accelerate hardening. To prepare an increased volume of slag concrete mixture, a concrete mixer is required.

The following formulations of slag concrete composition are used:

• mix Portland cement with slag in a ratio of 1.5:8. Gradually dilute the mixture with water, the amount of which should not exceed half the volume of cement;
• mix crushed stone, cement and coal ash in a ratio of 4:1:4. Add water to the concrete mixer until the mortar is plastic.

Recipes are possible that involve the use of granular slags, plasticizers, quartz sand and broken bricks.

Portland cement marked M400

We manufacture products on our own, using a machine for the production of blocks

Using a self-made machine for blocks, carry out work according to the following algorithm:

• Install the equipment on level ground.
• Connect the electrical supply.
• Prepare a cinder block solution.
• Pour the prepared mixture into the mold.
• Turn on the vibration motor for 2-3 minutes.
• Add cinder block mixture to the top level.
• Replace the protective cover and turn on the vibrator.

Compact the array. The lid should come into contact with the stops located according to the height of the block. Then remove the box and let the molded block stand until the array sets. After careful removal, dry the cinder-concrete products in a closed and ventilated area.

Summing up

When planning the construction of a cinder block building, you can reduce the amount of costs by making a machine for the production of blocks yourself. It is important to use proven documentation for the manufacture of the unit and carefully understand the design of the vibration compactor. To obtain quality products, study the recipe, as well as understand the technology.