Build a house from cinder block with your own hands. Projects of houses from cinder blocks and prices

It should be taken into account that the cinder block has a higher thermal conductivity than aerated concrete block, another popular and inexpensive building material. Therefore, in any case, additional wall insulation will be required. In addition, cinder blocks are laid on a cement mortar, the thickness of the seam is about 1 cm (for comparison, when laying a gas silicate block, the thickness of the seams is only 2-3 mm). The thickness of the seams also affects whether the house will be “warm” or “cold”. Another minus of the cinder block is its low frost resistance. As a result, the material tends to break down over time under the influence of low temperatures. These points should be taken into account when ordering the construction of a turnkey cinder block house, so that later the additional costs for insulation and possible repairs do not come as a surprise.

For some customers, the cost and the speed of construction are decisive when choosing a building material. In this regard, the cinder block is optimal: it is inexpensive, and the walls of such material are built in the shortest possible time. Most often, cinder blocks are used for the construction of load-bearing and self-supporting walls because of their strength and high bearing capacity. However, they are less durable than gas silicate blocks, which have no less strength, and the cost is not much higher. Therefore, we usually recommend that our customers choose a more modern and reliable building material, since the total cost of building from a cinder block and a gas silicate block will be approximately the same. But in any case, the decision is up to the customer, and we do our best to professionally bring this decision to life.

Much lighter than brick, since this material has a larger size, it is easier to lay it. Below you will find information on how to build a cinder block house with your own hands, what materials and tools you will need for this, how to choose a foundation, build walls and mount a roof.

For construction, you need to prepare:

• cinder blocks in the right amount;
• cement, sand and gravel;
• concrete mixer, vibrator, shovels and buckets;
• formwork boards;
• metal channel;
• floor beams and rafter boards;
• roofing material;
• reinforcement with a thickness of 10-12 mm for the frame;
• buckets, shovels, trowel, grater.

Building a house with your own hands

How to build a house with your own hands? First you need to choose the type of foundation for the house.

If a small country house is being built without a basement, then a strip foundation can be built, making it shallow. It should be noted that such a foundation can only be built on non-rocky soil.

If the soil on the site is poor, you need to consider the option of building a pile foundation. You can use both ordinary reinforced concrete piles and screw piles, which are easier to mount.

Schemes for building a house may vary, but it should be noted that it is recommended to build only one-story houses on shallow and pile foundations.

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Construction of a strip foundation

The site where the house will stand is leveled and all large stones are removed. Then mark it with a thick fishing line with stakes. This type of foundation is called tape because it is a concrete tape, which is located under the walls of the future structure.

According to the marking, a trench is dug to a depth of 80-100 cm. Gravel is poured into the trench and compacted. For tamping, it is best to use a simple device that is easy to make yourself from trimming a log by attaching a transverse handle to it. A sand cushion is poured onto the gravel and is also rammed.

After that, the formwork from the boards is installed. It should rise above ground level by at least 50 cm. Then a power frame should be built from reinforcement 10-12 cm thick. The reinforcement is connected in the form of lattices with cells of 25-30 cm. Special knitting wire should be used for fastening. The frame is installed inside the formwork. It will give the concrete base additional strength. When everything is ready, the formwork is laid with polyethylene so that water from the concrete mixture does not go into the soil. After that, you can start making concrete mortar for pouring the foundation.

To prepare concrete you will need:

• cement brand M400-M500;
• coarse-grained sifted sand;
• medium sized gravel;
• water;
• mixing container or concrete mixer;
• buckets, shovels.

Cement is mixed with sand and gravel in a ratio of 1:3:5. The solution should not be too thick or thin. It should be noted that the foundation must be poured at a time so that there are no seams on it. The strength of the concrete tape suffers from the presence of seams. Therefore, it is recommended to use a concrete mixer. If this is not possible, then the help of 2-3 people is needed to quickly mix the required amount of mortar, quickly pour it into the formwork.

As pouring, the solution should be tamped so that it disperses between the bars of the power frame. If it is possible to use a vibrator, then it is immersed in concrete as it is poured. If there is no vibrator, then the solution is pierced with a spade bayonet, doing this many times.

When the solution is poured into the formwork, the drying process begins. The concrete mixture dries and gains the necessary strength for 4-6 weeks, and during this time the foundation should not be left ownerless. It can dry out from the sun or get wet from the rain. This will make the concrete less durable. Therefore, in the heat it is covered with wet rags, and in the rain - with plastic wrap. As soon as the concrete gains strength, you can start directly building a house from cinder blocks, that is, building walls.

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Cinder Block House: Building Walls

Before laying the first row, waterproofing is laid on the concrete tape (Fig. 3). You can lay 2 layers of roofing material or use some other waterproofing material. A cement mortar is prepared from 1 part of cement and 3 parts of fine-grained, well-sifted sand. First, cinder blocks are placed along the edges of the future row and a rope is pulled between them. This will allow you to lay the row evenly. It should be borne in mind that the location of all other rows of masonry depends on the first row, so it must be laid out as carefully as possible.

It is necessary to determine in advance where the windows and doors will be located. For above door or window openings use a metal channel laid on the wall. Having raised the walls of the house to the desired height, it is necessary to prepare for the construction of the ceiling. To do this, in the penultimate row of masonry, cuttings of wire are implanted, to which the beams will be attached.

Many of those who want to build a durable and reliable house choose cinder block as the main wall material. Such raw materials are famous for their strength characteristics and flexibility in work. Today we will get acquainted with the features, advantages and disadvantages of houses built from cinder block.

Peculiarities

It's no secret that the current range of building materials is replete with its diversity. For the construction of a residential building, it is possible to use not only wood or brick, but also practical block elements. They are manufactured using different technologies and have different performance characteristics. From a number of such products, cinder blocks should be distinguished.

This material is a special building stone.

Its production is made in special forms. The binding component of cinder blocks is concrete. Various components are used for filling - it can be environmentally friendly expanded clay, slag, bricks and other similar elements.

Cinder block houses have a long service life. Such buildings will easily stand for many years. At the same time, such a dwelling does not have to be regularly looked after, as, for example, for buildings made of natural wood.

Cinder block houses are often built by the owners themselves, without the involvement of experienced craftsmen. Experts say that even an inexperienced user who has not previously encountered such processes can cope with such work. Of course, if a person doubts his abilities or is afraid of making serious mistakes, it is better for him to call professionals.

Some people make cinder blocks at home. For this, inexpensive and affordable raw materials are usually used. In order to obtain high-quality and strong materials as a result of manufacturing, it is very important to adhere to all the required proportions. Please note that it is impossible to build a house from fragile and low-grade blocks, as this will affect the durability and quality of the entire building as a whole.

This material is versatile. He is often referred to for the manufacture of various components of the site, such as a gazebo, a small outbuilding, a flower bed or a fence. Also, various outbuildings for household purposes are made from cinder block. Such designs are made easily and quickly, so it will not be difficult to cope with such work.

Advantages and disadvantages

Cinder block houses are found with an enviable frequency. It is difficult to confuse them with any other buildings, since they have a good appearance, which speaks of their durability and reliability. However, if you decide to build a cinder block dwelling, you need to familiarize yourself with its advantages and disadvantages.

Nowadays, many users opt for slag blocks, as they are recognized as fireproof, which is very important for any private home. Cinder blocks not only do not provoke the appearance of a flame, but also do not support combustion that has already occurred.

Buildings made of cinder blocks boast a long service life. They do not suffer from strong wind loads or hurricanes. Of course, such useful characteristics should be supported by high-quality reinforcement of materials.

Usually, in this case, they turn to steel bars, which can make the structure more wear-resistant.

Cinder block houses are easily repaired, as evidenced by the reviews of the owners of such structures. For example, you can easily repair unexpectedly formed cracks. To carry out such work, you do not have to spend a lot of effort, time and money.

Cinder block houses are built very quickly. This is due to the fact that such building materials are of impressive size. As mentioned above, even an inexperienced master who does not have a special education can build a house from such blocks. The main thing is to follow the instructions and not neglect any of the work steps.

You should not think that from the cinder block it will be possible to build only the same type and template buildings that do not have any zest. In fact, you can build a very original structure of a non-standard configuration. To do this, you just need to show a little imagination and turn to experienced people in these matters.

Carrying out construction work using cinder blocks will not cost the owners dearly. This fact is noted by many consumers who have significantly saved by choosing this material as a basis. Few people know that cinder blocks are made not only with the use of slag. Today, there are products that contain different components. Thanks to this, it will be possible to choose the right raw material for any conditions.

Masters claim that during the construction of a cinder block house, very little cement is used, which also reduces the cost of the process.

Despite its size, the cinder block, as a rule, has a very small weight. This is due to the fact that in terms of density, such material is inferior to brick. Thanks to this property, blocks can be used if you are building a house on a lightweight foundation.

The cinder block is a product that does not attract rodents or insects. Such buildings do not need to be treated with protective and antiseptic solutions, since they are not susceptible to the formation of mold or fungus. Such residential buildings are not afraid of low temperature values, which indicates the frost resistance of cinder blocks.

Transportation of blocks can be carried out not only with the use of pallets. These materials can simply be stored in a truck/trailer.

Houses from them boast good soundproofing characteristics. They usually do not hear annoying sounds from the street.

Slag blocks are heat-intensive materials.

Unfortunately, cinder block buildings have some disadvantages. For example, some types of cinder blocks are heavy. Today, heavy options are also sold, which are difficult to handle. In many cases, such materials are worked with, resorting to the use of special equipment.

Before you start building a house, it is important to remember that unfinished block buildings do not look very attractive. If you have not purchased a special decorative material, then you will have to decorate the home to make it look more aesthetically pleasing.

If you chose a cinder block for building a house, then you need to be prepared for the fact that the installation of pipes and cables will not be the easiest. For this reason, craftsmen often have to use special devices during construction to facilitate this task.

If during construction you use a hollow cinder block, then later you will have to fill it with slagto ensure high thermal insulation characteristics. Carrying out such work is considered difficult. In addition, over time, such backfill may settle, and voids will again appear in the materials.

From such material it will not be possible to build a multi-storey dwelling. This is because overly heavy structures can reduce the density and strength of materials.

Finishing cinder block walls with simple plaster should not be. Recourse to such a design can lead to the fact that the material simply loses the density of the upper layer, and it falls off.

Like the foam block, cinder blocks do not have the most correct geometry. Because of this, during construction, they have to be filed and sanded to form smooth surfaces.

The minuses of cinder block houses are still less than the pluses. Many problems can be avoided by adhering to the appropriate technology, as well as using high-quality (and suitable) materials / tools.

Material types

As mentioned earlier, a material such as a cinder block has several varieties, each of which has its own characteristics and application rules. Let's take a closer look at these products.

Hollow and full bodied

Both of these block options are in great demand. For example, common full-bodied varieties are most often used in the construction of foundation structures, columns of various modifications and load-bearing foundations. Moreover, hollow blocks are great for forming basements.

These materials are characterized by excellent strength characteristics and can withstand more serious loads than hollow options.

As for hollow blocks, they are usually purchased for the construction of partitions and walls. They have a modest weight, so they do not weigh down the overall foundation of the home at all.

Decorative

Such cladding materials have occupied their niche in the market quite recently. They are complemented by a special decorative coating, which can be located on one or both sides of the block. This additional layer can repeat various kinds of textures (for example, stone or plaster). In addition, in this way it will be possible to protect the blocks themselves from such negative factors as moisture and dampness. If you have chosen decorative materials for construction, then you can refuse the exterior decoration of the building.

Partition

If you have switched to the construction of partition structures in a block house, then you need to use the indicated types of materials. Such specimens are distinguished by the fact that even and neat walls can be built from them, while saving on mortar. It should also be noted that partition cinder blocks are lightweight, and their installation is quick and easy.

Fundamental

Foundation type blocks are called building stone in another way. These materials have high strength and durability. Over time, such blocks do not give serious shrinkage, and also do not collapse, which indicates their increased reliability. If you are laying cinder blocks on a sufficiently strong and stable base, then you should remember the need to use reinforced concrete tape. Its layer should be at least 1.5 cm.

Experts advise to pay attention to the fact that the walls of cinder block foundation structures must be insulated with heat and vapor with special materials.

Chipped and torn

Not so long ago, the building materials market was replenished with original slag blocks that have a decorative surface imitating torn / chipped bricks. These options are most often used when decorating various buildings and fences.

Color

There is also a colored version of cinder concrete on the market. Fences, gables or pillars are most often constructed from such material. The required shade of this material is achieved even at the stage of its manufacture.

Usually, red brick chips or chalk of different colors are mixed for this purpose.

Slag blocks differ from each other in their main components.

Based on slag

The properties and characteristics of such blocks primarily depend on the properties of the feedstock. This mainly refers to the environmental safety of materials (meaning the presence of toxic substances in their composition). The specified parameter should be taken into account when choosing slag blocks.

These materials are distinguished by high thermal insulation qualities. As for the service life, it is the same as that of a brick. But here you need to build on what kind of filler is present in the material. Slag-based blocks will last a very long time and will not cause problems if they are correctly laid and finished.

Arbolite

Blocks based on wood concrete are in great demand today. Such materials are in great demand, as they have excellent thermal insulation characteristics. However, such products have one serious drawback - they cannot boast of a sufficiently long service life. Of course, during the manufacturing process, wood concrete blocks can be made more durable, but their environmental friendliness usually suffers from this. Such negative changes are due to the fact that special substances are added to the usual composition that cannot boast of natural origin.

Expanded clay

Blocks based on expanded clay are rightfully recognized as the safest and most environmentally friendly. Such products are famous for their excellent thermal insulation qualities and durability.

It should be noted that the popularity of such blocks is explained not only by their environmentally friendly base. These varieties are lightweight, and there are multiple voids in their structure. Most experts recommend using just such types of cinder blocks for building a house. Currently, more than 50% of dwellings in Europe are made of such elements.

Design

It's no secret that the competent drawing up of a house project is a very important stage, which cannot be excluded. For this, it is recommended to contact specialists. If you are on a tight budget, then you can try to do this work yourself.

The project must include:

• dimensional parameters of the future home;
• the number and dimensions of windows / doors and other similar components.

Unfortunately, the existence of such a project will not allow you to make changes regarding the layout, which are often addressed by the owners of the future home.

Calculation

It is impossible to proceed to the construction of a house without making calculations of the required volume of materials.

To determine how many you need, you need to follow the following algorithm:

• you need to take the dimensional parameters of the height and length of the wall and multiply them;
• subtract the area of ​​window and door openings from the resulting value;
• identical calculations are carried out for the remaining walls of the cinder block dwelling.

Next, you will need to correctly determine the thickness of the walls. This value will be determined by the specific method of laying blocks and the climate in the region where the work will be carried out. In areas where there are quite severe winters, the thickness of the walls should not be less than 60 cm. And in those regions where moderate temperatures prevail, it is permissible to build walls less thick.

After that, you need to proceed to the calculation of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe cinder block used (meaning the outer edge of the elements).

The building material produced at the factory has the following dimensions (standard):

• width - 190 mm;
• length - 390 mm;
• height - 188 mm.

If you are going to lay cinder blocks with a wider half outward, then the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe individual elements will be 0.0741 square meters. m (you need to multiply 190 by 390). If the materials are planned to be laid with the narrow side, then the required value should be calculated differently - we multiply 190 by 188. As a result, the required area of ​​\u200b\u200bbuilding stone is 0.03572 square meters. m.

Next, you should determine how many blocks will be needed to install 1 m2 of wall. To do this, you need to divide the area of ​​​​the site by the previously calculated area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe block. The result is the value we need. The final calculations will be easy since you will know absolutely all the building values ​​and the number of cinder blocks to build the walls.

Construction

You can build a cinder block house with your own hands. For this, it is not necessary to be an experienced master. The main thing is to follow the step by step instructions. Consider step by step how to build such a dwelling.

Before moving on to construction work, you will need to stock up on a number of necessary tools:

• trowel;
• level;
• plumb;
• tub;
• shovel;
• pick;
• bucket;
• special stretcher;
• protective equipment (respirator, gloves, etc.).

If you have purchased all the necessary fixtures, you can safely proceed to the construction of a cinder block house.

Main stages:

• The first will be earthworks. You will need to level the site on which the construction of the house is planned.
• You need to make a foundation. In most cases, people build a tape version, since it is easy to make, but it turns out to be strong and reliable.
• After pouring, the concrete must be allowed to set. This usually takes about 4 weeks. After this period, you can continue construction work.
• When the foundation reaches the required strength level, you can lay cinder blocks on it. Laying should start from the corners - this is the only way the walls will turn out to be even.

The cinder block has become very common not only because this building material is inexpensive, but also due to its excellent thermal insulation properties, however, it is suitable only for small buildings due to the low bearing capacity of the constructed structure.

cinder block manufacturing

Making a cinder block is not difficult. This will require:

• Water.
• Sand.
• Slag.
• Cement M-500 (you can use M-400, but it will require 10 - 15 percent more).
• Plasticizing additive (if additional strength is required).
• Vibroforming machine.

It is possible to make a cinder block without the use of mechanisms, only this is unprofitable with large volumes of production, since this is hard physical labor that will take a lot of time.

A cinder block made without compaction by a vibrating machine has a lower strength and is most often used for the construction of non-residential premises.

To obtain a high-quality cinder block, it is important to observe proportions.

1 option:

• Seeded slag of fine fraction - 9 parts.
• Cement - 1 part.
• Water is half the volume of cement.

Option 2:

• Granslag - 4 parts.
• Fine screening - 4 parts.
• Cement - 1 part.
• Water is half the volume of cement.

Calculation of the number of cinder blocks

In order to calculate how many cinder blocks you need per house, it is important to know exactly how thick the walls will be. This data may differ in different regions, since the colder the climate, the faster the wall will freeze through, and therefore it can even be 60 cm. For those people who do not plan multi-storey construction, in many cases it is enough to make a wall 20 cm thick, and insulate it with a 10 cm layer of foam. In this case, the consumption of cinder blocks will be 3 times less. It is important to understand construction terminology:

• Half a stone is not actually half a block. Here the thickness is taken into account - in our case it is 20 cm.
• In stone. This is the length of the block (in our case 40 cm).
• One and a half stones (20+40=60 cm).
• Two stones (40+40=80 cm).

A brick is also considered in the same way, based on its dimensions.

Let's calculate the most common option for building a house with a wall width of 40 cm.

Take for example a building with dimensions of 9×7 and a height of 3 m. The area of ​​a stone with dimensions of 0.2×0.4 m is 0.08 m2. Now let's calculate the consumption of blocks per square meter of wall. To do this, we divide 1 m2 by the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe stone (0.08 m2), and we get 12.5 pcs. Since the wall will consist of two rows of blocks, their number is doubled - 12.5 × 2 = 25 pcs.

Now we calculate the total length of the walls: 9+7+9+7=32 running meters.

To calculate the area, we multiply the resulting figure by the planned height of the house - in our case it is 3 m.

Knowing the consumption of blocks per 1 m2 (25pcs), we multiply the results obtained:

96×25=2400 cinder blocks.

This calculation does not take into account door and window openings, but do not rush to subtract their area from the total result. Why? Because the cinder block is a rather fragile material, and during transportation and unloading, you will certainly have a fight. In addition, when making door and window openings, the block will need to be cut, as a result of which its second half may become unusable, since the central partition remains on the first (with the design of blocks with two notches). So, if you buy as many blocks as exactly should go to the house, then you will not have enough of them.

In the event that you make this building material yourself, you can always complete the missing number of blocks, just remember that they will take time to gain strength.

Construction stages

How to make a foundation for a cinder block house is a separate topic, which can be found in a separate section. After the foundation has set, you can make a base, but you can start laying walls only after 4 weeks. This is how long it takes concrete to gain strength.

Under the base and above it you need to make high-quality waterproofing. Finally, the time has come to start laying. You need to start from the corners, because otherwise the walls may turn out to be uneven. To do this, put one cinder block in each corner, and level the horizon with a water level, and it is better to check the verticality with a plumb line, or building level.

Now stretch the twine from one corner to the other so that it runs along the outer corner of the stone. When laying, make sure that each new stone laid does not move it, otherwise the whole row will turn out to be a curve.

For masonry, ordinary cement mortar is used, which should not be a thick layer. 1.5 cm is enough, because otherwise the walls will be colder, since the solution is not a heat insulator.

If this is the first masonry in your life, then it will take more time to align the blocks, which becomes a problem when using an ordinary mortar, as it sets quickly and ceases to be plastic. In this case, it is recommended to use a special plasticizer that slows down the solidification of the solution, otherwise each incorrectly laid block will have to be removed, the old solution removed and a new one applied.

For work you will need:

• Rubber mallet (for tapping blocks).
• Trowel.
• Master OK.
• Scaffolding (working on a ladder is very inconvenient).

Do not forget about window openings that need to be made at a certain height and blocked with concrete lintels. Strengthen the very last row with a reinforcing belt, so consider its height when laying.

After finishing work with the walls, do not tighten the roof! We repeat: this material is not friendly with moisture.

Video

We bring to your attention a video about the laying of cinder block.

When you start construction, you want everything to be done as quickly as possible, cheaper and more reliable. All these factors can be satisfied by a house built from cinder block with your own hands. This building material can be made independently. We will consider both the technology of its production and the construction process from marking to roof installation.

Advantages and disadvantages

cinder block

At some point in time, the cinder block became very popular. This is explained by the fact that the waste material that remained after the smelting of the metal had to be used somewhere. It was decided to use it as a filler for building components. And so this artificial stone appeared. But then he was not distinguished by the best qualities, because from an environmental point of view, he had certain shortcomings. It had to be kept on the street for about a year and only after that put into work. Today the situation is a little different and it seems to be the most popular material for the construction of low buildings. Its strengths are:

• Long service life. With the right approach, the stone will last about 100 years.
• Good thermal insulation. Thanks to the manufacturing method with air chambers, the material perfectly retains heat.
• High build speed. Due to the large dimensions, the walls can be driven out much faster than from ordinary bricks.
• Resistant to the development of fungus and mold.
• The possibility of an individual approach to the size.
• The material is unloved by rodents and other pests.
• A house made of such material is easy to repair.

Light blocks with decorative finishes

Disadvantages:

• It absorbs moisture well, which leads to a loss of heat capacity.
• Poor plaster adhesion to this building block.
• The impossibility of erecting a building more than 2 floors.
• The need for rapid construction of the roof. The fact is that the expelled walls cannot be left uncovered for a long time, because this will lead to their rapid destruction.
• The importance of strict adherence to masonry technology.
• The need for a high foundation.
• It is important to carry out construction work in dry weather.
• Poor tolerance of building shrinkage. In this case, a split is possible not at the seams, but along the blocks themselves.

Building Blocks

If you decide to purchase cinder blocks, then there are a few nuances that you should pay attention to. Well, if it is possible to take measurements with a dosimeter. Thanks to this, you can determine how environmentally friendly the material is. Look at the conditions under which it was stored. It is important that this is not an open space where it is exposed to precipitation. It should not have chips or cracks. Using a tape measure, you need to check its dimensions. Parallel sides must match.

Cinder block making machine

The manufacturing technology is quite simple. To successfully move in this direction, it will be necessary to acquire some equipment, as well as accurately maintain proportions. So, the first step is to design a vibrotamper. For this you will need:

• sheet metal 3 mm thick;
• pipe with a diameter of 75–80 mm;
• Bulgarian;
• welding machine;
• roulette;
• electric motor to create vibration.

Fixed motor from washing machine

The engine can be used from an old washing machine or from a grinder. Large power is not required. The main thing is to correctly place the weight, which will shift the center of gravity.

The sequence of work will be as follows:

• Blanks are cut out of metal. Two of them are 200×400 mm, the other two are 200×200 mm.
• They need to be welded together to make a small box.
• Cut three pieces of pipe 170 mm each. The size is smaller along the length so that the thickness of the bottom wall is at least 30 mm.
• Cuts are made along the end of the sleeves to a depth of 50 mm. One of the sides is given the appearance of a truncated cone.
• From the other end, cuts are made to a depth of 50 mm. A strip of metal 400 mm long is placed in them. It connects all three elements together.
• The ends of the pipes are closed with plugs.
• This design is placed in a box and fixed to the walls.
• A side is welded along the upper end of the container to make it more convenient to backfill and ram the solution.
• Additionally, you can make a mechanism by which the box will rise up. To do this, you can use a profile square pipe. If there is no desire to complicate, then it is enough to weld two handles on the sides of the box.
• An engine is attached to the large side. To do this, four bolts are welded to the wall so that their location coincides with the holes on the apparatus body. It is pressed with washers and nuts of a suitable diameter.
• Additionally, a cover is made, which improves the tamping. For it, you need a sheet of metal 195 × 395 mm. It is necessary to make holes in it for pipes (they should be 5 mm larger than the diameter of the sleeves) and cut into two parts along. This must be done so that it calmly sinks and does not rest against the partition that secures the hollows. The parts are interconnected using brackets made of reinforcement. It is also necessary to make a depth limiter, which will exclude its immersion deeper than 5 cm.
• In order to speed up the work, you can combine several of these containers with each other.
• Two bolts are welded onto the motor shaft on both sides. This must be done symmetrically. In the future, in order to adjust the frequency and strength of vibrations, it will be enough to screw the required number of nuts.
• The final touch will be a thorough polishing and painting. This is necessary so that subsequently the solution lags better.

Machines for the production of various cinder blocks

Today on sale there are many options for ready-made machines. If you do not want to waste time and energy, then you can simply buy or rent it.

cinder block manufacturing

The key to durable and resistant to various influences blocks is a properly prepared solution. If a compactor is used, it must be sufficiently dry. If it is incorrect to calculate the proportions of water, then after raising the container, it will simply disintegrate. As a filler, you can use ash from burnt coal, broken bricks, small gravel, slag, etc. To give additional resistance to moisture, plasticizers are used. The first mix will look like this:

• 9:1 ​​- cement and slag, which is well sifted so that there are no extra inclusions;
• water should be about half of the cement.

Second cooking method:

• 4:4:1 - industrial granulated slag, crushed stone of small fractions, cement;
• water is the same ratio as for the first option.

The best consistency can be roughly determined as follows: you need to take the finished solution and squeeze it in your hand. It must keep its shape. If you then throw it on the ground, it should spread. After squeezing it again, it should hold its shape again.

The best place to work would be outdoors. Under such conditions, the mortar will dry and set faster, which will increase productivity. It is desirable that the place is flat. This may be a concrete path or a lining made of sheet metal, boards knocked into shields, etc. The block preparation process will be as follows:

• The unit is installed in the place from which the calculation will begin.
• The prepared mixture is poured inside. Its quantity must be greater than the actual capacity.
• The vibrator motor is turned on for a few seconds. Part of the solution sits down, so you need to add more.
• The vibrator starts again for a few seconds. Finishing filling is done and the upper end is closed with a lid.
• Sealing is in progress. If the lid has reached the limiters, then you can raise the container.
• Full setting takes a period of 4 to 9 days.
• Finished products can be stored indoors. You need to move them there after a day of drying on the street. If there is a plasticizer in the composition, then after 6 hours.
• For greater convenience, they can be stacked on top of each other.
• They will be ready for the construction process in 1-2 months.

Partition cinder block

Often, partitions are laid out from blocks that are smaller in size. For their manufacture, it will be necessary to make a mold according to a similar principle, as described above, but its dimensions will be 120 × 400 × 200 mm. It is better to use rectangular inserts as void formers. They should be of such dimensions that the walls are at least 3 cm.

Calculation of the number of blocks

When calculating blocks, you need to take into account doors and windows

Projects must be approached rationally. It makes no sense to be overly economical, because this will affect the quality of the future structure. There is also no reason for being extravagant. This is especially true for the number of blocks. Calculations should begin with the fact that to determine the thickness of the wall. This size is determined by several factors, such as climatic conditions and soil conditions. If the temperature drops too low during the winter period, then it may be necessary to make a wall of 40-60 cm. In other areas, 20 cm will be enough, which will also be insulated with foam or foam. Laying can be done in several ways:

• Half a stone. This does not mean that the block will need to be cut into two parts. This means that it lies along. That is, in the described case, this is a thickness of 20 cm.
• In a whole stone. This is the one that lies across, while the wall is 40 cm.
• One and a half stones. By simple addition, we find out that this is 60 cm.
• In two stones - 80 cm.

Suppose that a project of a future house with dimensions of 10 × 12 m was chosen, one-story with a wall height of 3 m. The first step is to calculate the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls. To do this, multiply the length by the width. 3 × 10 \u003d 30 m2, 12 × 3 \u003d 36 m2, now we double these results and add them up, because there are two identical planes. 30×2+36×2=132 m2. So the end result is 132 m2. We determine the area of ​​one block - 0.2 × 0.4 = 0.08 m2. Divide the total area of ​​the walls by the area of ​​the block - 132:0.08=1650. But this figure is valid if the wall is planned in one stone. If in two, then the end result will be 3300 blocks.

These calculations deliberately do not take into account the openings that will be made for windows and doors. This is done in order to have a small margin. While working with the material, there may be rejection, and our surplus compensates for it.

The calculation of the amount of stone for partition walls is carried out in the same way. In fact, the final figure will be the sum of the blocks for the main walls and internal ones.

Foundation laying

Recessed strip foundation

As mentioned above, this type of construction requires a high foundation. In addition, it must be very durable so that in no case cracks begin to form, which will certainly pass through the entire wall. The work will be carried out in the following order:

• The area chosen for construction is carefully inspected. It is better to find out in advance in which part of the site the groundwater is at a lower level. She's the one who fits.
• Everything that clutters it is cleaned up, the grass is mowed to the lowest possible level. This is necessary to assess the overall slope and markup.
• According to the drawing, landmarks are transferred to the area according to the size of the future building.

Plot marking

• One peg is driven into each corner.
• The correct dimensions are checked. In addition to length and width, diagonals are also measured - they must match so that the shape is correct, and not trapezoidal (if this is not provided for by the project).
• Holders for the reference line are made. This will require 16 wooden blocks of arbitrary size, but at least 90-100 cm long. You will need 8 more small boards. Their length should be 10–15 cm more than the width of the foundation. From the boards a crossbar is made for two bars. You should get a design in the shape of the letter P.
• Two self-tapping screws are screwed on each crossbar. The distance between them should be equal to the width of the foundation.
• All elements must be hammered into the ground. It is important to do this at such a level that the screws are at a height of 70 cm above the surface. The order of the supports is two for each corner so that they are opposite each other in pairs.
• A fishing line or twine is stretched between the elements. It is more convenient to use a fishing line that has a bright color. It is not lost against the background of surrounding objects.
• At this stage, it is once again necessary to check the diagonals between the corners that the stretched thread formed.
• A trench is being dug. Its depth should be 50 cm below the freezing of the soil.
• Sand is poured to a height of 25 cm. It is leveled and rammed well. After that, you need to wet it with water and let it dry. If necessary, add a level.
• Another 25 cm is made of crushed stone. This layer is also well compacted. Ramming is best done with a special electric or gasoline tool.

Foundation reinforcement

• Next, a metal grill is made. For the foundation of the planned height, two or three elements will be required. To work, you need ribbed reinforcement with a diameter of 10 – 12 mm. It is better to assemble the structure on the surface. Its dimensions should be such that it is immersed in concrete 5 cm on each side. That is, the total length and height must be at least 10 cm less than the length and height of the foundation. Several rods are laid out for a total length. The distance between the horizontal components should not exceed 30 cm. If there are no strips of the required length, then you can get from several. In this case, the binding between them should be at least 1 m. Staples are made from smaller rods. Their height should be equal to the size of the planned crate, and the bent elements should be the width of the structure. They are attached to the lined elements every 30-40 cm. Instead of staples, you can make ordinary vertical jumpers. They are fixed to each other with a knitting wire. From above, the same number of longitudinal rods are attached to the inner side as from below.
• Typically, the height of one such structure is 40–50 cm.
• Stands are laid out at the bottom of the pit, which will allow the concrete to close the reinforced base from below. For these purposes, bricks or other homogeneous elements can be used. The minimum height is 5 cm.
• Formwork is made from edged boards knocked into shields, plywood or other durable material. It must be strong enough to withstand the pressure that the concrete will exert. Be sure to install the jibs, which will be stops from the outside. The distance between the shields must be the same so that the foundation is obtained without sagging.
• After the preparatory work, you need to prepare a solution for pouring. In advance, you need to make sure that there is an assistant and a productive concrete mixer, you can use several. This is very important, because it is necessary to provide a good volume. Thanks to this, the design will turn out to be monolithic, and not puff, which will reduce strength. The composition of the mixture will be 3:1:3 - crushed stone, Portland cement, sand. For such purposes, Portland cement is perfect. The fact is that it contains additives of calcium silicate and gypsum. Thanks to this, a quick setting occurs and strength is ensured. Be sure to add a plasticizer, thus the fluidity and filling of voids will be improved, frost resistance will increase, as well as moisture resistance.

Compaction of concrete with a vibrator

• Periodically, during pouring, it is necessary to treat with a vibrator. So the concrete is better compacted and the structure will subsequently gain maximum strength.
• During pouring, it is also necessary to try to distribute all the concrete in level. Subsequently, this will help to quickly cope with the pasture of the walls.
• If the weather is hot enough, then it is necessary to moisten the surface with plenty of water, it would also be good to cover the foundation with a building film or pieces of roofing material.
• With a high curing rate, the formwork can be removed after a week.
• It is better to continue further work after a month. It is this period that is necessary for the cement-sand mixture to gain all its strength.

If you decide not to fill in such a high foundation, as described earlier, then you need to take care of the construction of the base. This is a continuation of the foundation, which protrudes above the surface of the earth. It is important to remember that before you start laying it, it is necessary to provide for waterproofing. To do this, a roofing material or bikrost is laid on the foundation. The height of such a structure should reach 70 cm or more. Then a layer of waterproofing is laid on it again, and only after that the construction of walls begins.

Walling

When building walls, the main task is to make them even, without protrusions. The first step on the way to such a result is to determine the highest corner of the foundation. The fact is that during pouring it is difficult to deduce the ideal value. This measurement is made using a water level. In advance, you need to make sure that its length is enough for the length of the foundation.

• An arbitrary angle is selected. One flask of the device is installed on it. The other part moves to different ends. Thanks to the difference in the position of the water, you can determine where the highest point is. Laying and leveling should start from here. It is very important to do this, because if you start the construction from the lowest point, you will have to subsequently cut the stones. If this is done with the highest, it will simply be enough to make the seam a little larger.
• Having set the starting point, you can do the same for the remaining corners. This will require the same hydraulic level. The task will be to place 4 more stones so that they coincide with the reference in all planes. Additionally, you can check the diagonals.

A line is stretched along the outer edge of the wall

• A fishing line or twine is stretched along the outer edge of the wall. It will help to make the wall flat in the horizontal plane. It is necessary to raise it to the height of one row and, after each new one, rearrange it to the same level. During operation, it is necessary to ensure that the landmark is not pressed or touched by anything, otherwise it will not be of any use.
• To maintain the verticality of the wall, you can use several tools. For example, after laying each row, check the plane using the building level. An ordinary plumb line will also serve as a guide. If there is no desire to mess with such devices, then you can build stationary reference points. To do this, metal pipes are buried in the ground, which fit close to the wall. They are exposed in planes and fixed. Thanks to them, it will be possible to control the process.
• The solution has good thermal conductivity, so there can be significant heat loss due to it. To reduce this value, it will be enough to control its layer. It is better if it does not exceed 1.5 cm.

Adding a plasticizer to the solution

• If you do not have much experience in masonry, then add a special plasticizer to the cement-sand mixture, which will slow down its setting. This will help to calmly expose each element without having to redo it later.
• Do not try to close the cavities in the stone with a solution, this will only worsen its properties. If desired, they can be filled with loose insulation.
• Every 3-5 rows it is necessary to insert a metal mesh. It will increase the rigidity of the entire structure.

During the laying of the last few rows, you must not forget to wall up the studs. It will be good if you can bend them and bandage them with the seam of one of the rows. They should protrude above the surface to a distance exceeding the height of the Mauerlat beam by 4 cm. The step can be kept at 1 m or less. Rolled wire can be used instead of studs. Another option would be to fill the armored belt with the installation of studs in it.

Roofing

The installation of the rafter system and the laying of the flooring should be started as soon as possible after the end of the pasture of the walls. Before choosing the desired shape of the future roof, it is necessary to analyze what maximum amount of precipitation can fall, what kind of wind gusts there are. You also need to consider what buildings or trees are nearby. Usually all data can be obtained from the relevant services. This information will affect which angle will need to be observed.

If the area is famous for the presence of strong gusts of wind, then the slope of the roof must be maintained in the region of 15-20 °. Even with sufficiently strong snow drifts, the layer will not remain, it will simply inflate. In the case when the area is quiet, but there is a lot of precipitation, then the optimal solution would be a spread of 35‒40°. With such a slope, the snow will not be able to linger in large layers.

On private houses, a gable roof or all kinds of multi-pitched variations look great. We will consider an example of the construction of the first option. If the principle is well understood, then you can move on to more complex designs.

• Installation begins with the installation of the base - Mauerlat. They can tie the longitudinal walls on which the rafters will rest. Or install it around the entire perimeter, which will facilitate the construction of the pediment if it is wooden, not brick. To do this, you need a bar with a section from 50 × 150 mm to 200 × 200 mm. It should be placed in the middle or no closer than 5 cm to the edge. A layer of waterproofing must be laid under it, which will prevent the accumulation of moisture and rotting of the wood. Holes are drilled at the locations of the studs. Boards are fixed with nuts and washers or knots when using wire.
• At its core, the truss system is a constructor that includes a large number of details. In shape, it resembles the letter A. In this case, the beams act to break, that is, the force is applied in such a way that the walls are under constant stress. This option is not very good for a cinder block house, so it is advisable to use additional connecting elements. They are racks and beds.
• The first step is to install the ceiling beams. After that, the entire area can be covered with a film so that rainwater does not get inside the building.
• Next, the beds are laid on which the racks will rest. They should run parallel to the Mauerlat. The distance between them will depend on how the attic space will be used. You can make them from the same timber as the base.

Rafter device

• Rafter legs are interconnected with nails or nail plates. In some cases, additional metal staples are used. If they need to be lengthened, then it is better to overlap, it should be about 1 m.
• Rigels can be two or more. It is important to remember that the distance between them should be no more than 50 cm.
• The trusses must be the same size to support the plane of the roof. You can collect them both on the building and below. In most cases, the second option is safer and more reliable.
• Two finished elements rise up. They are installed at the ends of the roof and fixed with temporary struts.
• Three strings are stretched between them. One goes along the upper corner, the other two - from the middle of each side. They will serve as guidelines for how the next trusses will be mounted. Instead of fishing line, you can use a ridge board. It is important to put it on temporary supports and check that it is level in the plane.
• All other farms are installed. In order for them not to move, jumpers are mounted, which will then be removed. The step between the rafter legs must be observed such that it will facilitate the simple installation of the insulation.
• The entire area from above is tightened with a hydrobarrier membrane.
• What material should be used for the crate is usually indicated in the recommendations for the flooring that is planned to be used.
• The last step is to insulate the roof. This is usually done with mineral wool. This is a very important stage, because it will reduce heat losses and reduce the cost of various types of fuel.

It is better to close the gables as soon as possible. This must be done so that the wind does not blow precipitation inward. So moisture will not accumulate and destroy the building material.

Interior and exterior decoration

Exterior finish

It is advisable not to leave the walls bare for a long period. Their finishing can be carried out in parallel with roofing work. For the outside, the ideal solution would be insulation with foam. It is fastened with the help of special dowels-umbrellas. It's better to start from the bottom. First of all, a metal starting bar is mounted. In its role can be a profile for drywall. It needs to be leveled, which will simplify the task in the future. A hole is drilled through the insulation sheet using a perforator in the wall. Glue is applied to the back of the insulation; ordinary polyurethane foam with low expansion can act as its role. Each element should fit snugly against the previous one. During installation, it is advisable to check the evenness of the surface with a level. After that, the entire surface is covered with glue intended for this purpose. Together with its application, a reinforcing mesh is laid, which will prevent the appearance of dents from impacts. The final layer will be a decorative finish. It can be bark beetle or embossed plaster.

House siding upholstery

The house can be sheathed with siding. In this case, mineral wool can also be used for insulation. A product with a high density, for example, foam, is suitable. First, the crate is mounted under the cladding. After that, a heater is inserted into the space between the beams. You can fix it to the wall in the same way as the foam.

As noted above, it will be almost impossible to use plaster for interior decoration. But this is not a problem, because you can sheathe the rooms with drywall. This will compensate for any irregularities, as well as apply the desired finish to it. It is important to take care of the vapor barrier so that moisture does not seep into the cinder block.

It will take a sufficient amount of time to complete all these works. But with good organization and planning, you can meet acceptable deadlines. It is always interesting to look at finished projects. Share your observations and suggestions in the comments to this article.

In this video you will see how you can make a cinder block at home:

Watch the process of laying the cinder block:

cinder block house

Cinder block house and garage

The house is built of blocks with decorative trim

House with an outbuilding

Two-story cinder block house

This house will have a ventilated facade

This cinder block house is many years old.

Cinder block houses are becoming more and more popular every year. The cinder block technique was developed in the 70s of the 20th century and became famous for its simple and quick construction process. Building a house from cinder blocks with your own hands is an opportunity to save money and become the owner of a reliable and warm home.

To build a house from cinder blocks, it is not necessary to turn to professional builders, you can study the cinder block construction technique and do everything yourself. First, develop a project, calculate how much material you need, and you can get to work.

Advantages and disadvantages

Before you start creating a project and building a house, you need to learn about the pros and cons of cinder block buildings.

Advantages of cinder block houses:

1. Saving money. This material is much cheaper than brick and wood, especially if you produce it yourself.
2. A cinder block house does not require a massive foundation.
3. The material does not impose special requirements for storage and transportation.
4. The construction is reliable and does not differ in quality from houses built from other materials.

But there is also two major drawbacks:

1. The material is afraid of water, so you can build a house only in dry weather, and then plaster the walls well.
2. To ensure the required level of sound and heat insulation, it is necessary to choose materials responsibly. If this stage of construction is not performed correctly, moisture will penetrate into the cinder block.

The foundation for the house of cinder blocks

The main requirements for the foundation: it should be high to protect the house from moisture, which the cinder block is so afraid of, and well insulated. If the house is one-story and without reinforced concrete floors, then the foundation does not have to be made superstrong.

For building a foundation for a cinder block house you will need: crushed stone, cement, gravel, rebar, sand, concrete mixer, cinder blocks, opata, level, hydro and vapor barrier material.

This process is carried out in several stages:

1. Dig a trench and make a bed of sand and gravel about 50 cm high.
2. Install the formwork and make a reinforced frame.
3. Prepare a concrete solution: mix 3 parts of sand and gravel and 1 part of cement. Fill them with the prepared structure.

The construction of the plinth, if provided, can be started after 7 days, and the construction of walls can only be done after complete drying (approximately 1 month).

Walling

First, the corners are set so that the walls are perfectly even. One cinder block is placed in each corner, then it is leveled with a building level. Pull the twine along which you will lay out the walls. Prepare before starting work:

• a mallet to knock out cinder blocks;
• a trowel for removing excess mortar at the seams;
• plasticizer (this material is added to the solution to increase its strength and ductility);
• circular saw or hacksaw for sawing cinder blocks;
• orders, plumb lines and spatulas.

The cinder block is laid in one of the traditional ways:

• tychkovy (in one stone);
• spoon (in half a stone);
• one and a half stones;
• two stones.

Important to remember that the laying of cinder blocks can only be done at temperatures above 15 degrees. After the preparatory work, build the first row of blocks. The height of the seam should not be more than 1.5 cm, otherwise this will lead to a deterioration in thermal insulation properties. Do not fill voids in cinder blocks with cement!

When erecting the first three rows, check the wall as often as possible with a level, it must be strictly vertical. Cinder blocks are stacked with an offset of ½ block.

To avoid cracks and make the structure stronger, builders advise using reinforcement. To do this, you need fittings and electric cutters or wall chasers. With the help of electromills, recesses are made in cinder blocks, reinforcement is inserted into them and cement mortar is poured. This procedure is repeated in every fourth row.

Video of building a house from cinder blocks, masonry.

When the walls are erected, you can start building the roof. This process cannot be postponed for a long time, so as not to expose the cinder blocks to the detrimental effects of precipitation. The same applies to external and internal finishing works.

How to insulate a house?

In order to be comfortable in the house in cold weather, you need take care of building insulation and. Experts say that it is better to insulate the building from the outside, as this guarantees 70% of the effect, sometimes internal insulation is not even required.

Before internal insulation, a vapor barrier layer is mounted on the walls and ceiling of the building, after which mineral wool or expanded polystyrene can be used. Vapor barrier is not required for exterior walls.

If you want to save on insulation, then use foam. This is the cheapest material, in the future it is plastered and painted. You can also buy polystyrene foam, which has a low level of water absorption, so you do not need to install a vapor barrier layer.

Wall insulation with foam plastic and decorative work is carried out in 5 stages:

1. The walls are plastered.
2. The foam is attached.
3. Reinforced mesh is being installed.
4. Work is underway to level and finish the walls.
5. The building is being painted.

For painting, it is better to choose acrylic or silicone plaster. And if you are not limited in finances, then for insulation it is better to purchase polyurethane foam - a modern material that is applied to walls by pouring or spraying. The result is a coating without seams, it does not allow cold air and moisture to pass through.

How to calculate the number of cinder blocks per house?

If you are building a house from cinder blocks, then you first need to calculate the amount of material. Those who produce the building material themselves can make the missing amount at any time, it is only important to remember that the blocks will take time to become strong.

To calculate the number of cinder blocks, you need to know the thickness of the wall. It may differ depending on the climatic conditions of the region where the house is being built. In the middle lane, a thickness of 20-40 cm is enough, and in order for the house to keep warm in harsh winters, the size must be at least 60 cm.

When calculating remember basic construction terms: half a stone (20 cm), a stone (40 cm), one and a half stones (60 cm), two stones (80 cm).

We will carry out calculations according to the most common parameters that are used in the construction of a house from cinder blocks. For example, you need to build a building 9x7, the height of the walls is 3 meters. The area of ​​one cinder block is 0.08 m (0.4x0.2).

The first thing to do is calculate the number of blocks per 1 meter of wall. For this, 1 / 0.08 sq.m., it turns out 12.5 pieces. The wall will be built from two rows, so 12.5x2 = 25 cinder blocks. Now let's calculate the area of ​​the house: (9+9+7+7)x3=96 sq.m. 9 and 7 are the length of the walls, and 3 is the height. For each square meter, 25 cinder blocks are needed, which means that for the construction of the whole house: 25x96 = 2400 pieces.

Openings are not taken into account in the calculations, but this is not necessary. Cinder block is a fragile material, so you need to take it with a margin.

The price of building a house

How much does it cost to build a cinder block house? You can build a house from cinder blocks with your own hands, but do not forget about the development of the project. You can do it yourself or leave it to the professionals. The main thing is to take into account the climatic conditions and features of the soil, the stability of the building.

The average cost of one cinder block is 35 rubles. For a 9x7 house, you will need 2400 pieces, that is, this material will cost 84 thousand rubles. But this is only the erection of walls, also do not forget about the construction of the foundation, the construction of the roof, sound and heat insulation, and finishing work.

Is it worth building?

Many of them are satisfied with the construction process, because the house can be built during the holidays. Save on the material itself and the mortar, which takes half as much as on brickwork. Houses made of this material look original, warm in winter and cool in summer.

cinder block houses- These are reliable and durable structures. For their construction, it will not take much time and financial expenses, especially if you produce cinder blocks yourself. But in order for the building to serve for a long time, and to live comfortably in it, you need to choose the right materials for insulation and decoration.

Building a house from cinder blocks (wall blocks), made by hand, is quite real. In addition, it is a quick and cost-effective option for the construction of a low-rise building.

How to make a cinder block at home with your own hands?

We will need:

• special molds for pouring, made of wood or metal. There should be a lot of them, since we will dry the blocks right in them;
• cement grade 400 or 500. The strength of cement will depend only on you, because when creating a house project, you calculated all the loads on the walls, roof and ceilings;
• ordinary water;
• fillers (expanded clay, sawdust, sand, furnace slag or perlite, etc.),
• any devices (these can be special blanks made of wood, metal or ordinary glass bottles), with the help of which we will create voids in the wall blocks.

We mix the solution for pouring molds in the following proportions: sand-cement-filler 3:1:5. We put in the form of a bottle or a blank where we planned to get voids and fill it with the prepared solution. When the mixture sets enough (after 5-6 hours), the blanks (bottles) can be removed.

In this form, we leave the form for 24 hours, for the mixture to set. After a specified period of time, we release the blocks from the molds and again pour the cinder concrete solution into them.

We stack the finished blocks in a stack for drying so that they acquire the strength of concrete (dry for 28-30 days). And only after all this we will use cinder blocks to build a house.

Building a house with your own hands from cinder blocks - the main stages

Foundation preparation

The foundation of the house should be high (75 cm above the ground), treated with coating liquid waterproofing quite well, and it is not necessary to make it from reinforced monolithic concrete (provided that you have not planned several floors).

The first stage of our construction looks like this: we install formwork on a pillow (about 50 cm high) of crushed stone and sand and fill everything with concrete mix.

The foundation concrete will set in about 7 days. Then you can make a basement at home, but we begin to build walls only after the final hardening of concrete, after about 30 days.

It should be noted that it is imperative to make high-quality horizontal waterproofing between the base and cinder blocks.

Walling

In order for the walls to be guaranteed even, it is necessary to set the corners. Therefore, in each corner we lay a cinder block and level the corner with a building level. Then we stretch the twine along the perimeter, along which we will lay out the walls.

A plasticizer should be added to the masonry mortar, this will increase the strength of the erected structure, and also prolong the life of the mortar before it begins to solidify, so we will knead new portions less often.

A thick layer of mortar should not be applied between cinder blocks, so as not to create additional cold bridges in the masonry. A layer up to about 15 mm is recommended.

A mallet (rubber mallet) weighing 600 grams will not be superfluous. for punching blocks. Excess mortar at the seams should be removed with a trowel.

Completion of construction

We finished laying the walls, let them dry completely - it's time for the construction of the next floor and roof. Here it is required to take into account the weight of the rafters and ceilings.

It is advisable to strengthen the top row of wall blocks with an iron belt if we use something much heavier than wood for interfloor floors.

But with the construction of the roof, it is not necessary to delay in order to protect the open walls from precipitation. We do not tighten both with internal and external finishing, it is desirable to additionally insulate the house from the outside with extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam or basalt slabs.

P.S. And for dessert, I suggest watching a video clip: Building a house from cinder block

Building a house with your own hands from a cinder block is considered a fairly convenient and quick way of building, but any fact has both positive and negative sides, this is what we will try to figure out. We will also think about how to make this building material at our site.

Cinder block house - choose the material

For small buildings, this material is considered the most convenient and practical. In addition, the cheapness of cinder blocks has long been known, this fact becomes even more noticeable if you produce building blocks right on your site. Further, the advantages of this material only continue to pour in, for example, you may not even be a professional bricklayer to successfully build a house from cinder block. With the right technology, you will also get a “warm” house, because the air cavities will become the best insulator.

But there are also disadvantages to such a material, for example, it is very afraid of water, so you will have to guess the weather and after construction, plaster the walls well, the craftsmen advise making a layer up to 2 cm on one side and the other. Also, this “fear” is reflected in the foundation, or rather, in its isolation and height. To prevent moisture from reaching the blocks, you need to make the foundation higher, and it is even better to provide a plinth, and then make a thorough waterproofing between it and the first row of the wall. It would be desirable to finish the construction before the rainy season, and even put a roof on so that dampness and moisture do not damage the material. Fortunately, speed is a plus for building from cinder blocks.

When buying blocks on the market, you should be able to evaluate their quality and safety. After all, any filler for cement in their manufacture can be taken, sometimes even combustion waste, for example, ash. Such blocks will not be good, it is better to focus on expanded clay, sawdust, crushed stone, brick chips. Feel free to check the strength of the purchased material. You need to drop it, without effort, just lift it a meter and a half and let it go. If it breaks, such a product is not suitable for you, even a crack is considered unacceptable. Only a few chips testify to the required strength.

How to put a cinder block and calculate its amount per house?

The amount of purchased material is considered in several stages, first you determine the parameters of your structure and the thickness of the walls, and then calculate the number of blocks, depending on the geometric parameters of the building elements. First of all, we decide what the walls will be in thickness, this will determine the type of masonry. If the most severe winter is not more than 20 ° C of frost, then 45 cm of the wall is enough, if the temperature drops below, then it is better to make a thickness of 60 cm or more.

Now we look at the parameters of purchased blocks or home-made ones and determine how to lay the cinder block, which will help us most conveniently achieve the planned wall width. These can be the following options: half a stone, one stone, one and a half and two stones. And then comes the most important part - the calculation of the purchased material. You need to calculate the perimeter and multiply by the expected wall thickness. So you get the area that the masonry edge should cover.

REMOSKOP.RU site masters have prepared a special calculator for you Calculation of building blocks. You can easily calculate the required number of blocks.

For example, you lay out a wall in two stones, the dimensions of which are 200x400 mm, that is, an area of ​​​​0.08 m2. It is necessary to cover an area of ​​12 m (house perimeter) * 0.4 m (wall thickness) = 4.8 m2. This means that in order to lay out the first row of blocks on the entire perimeter of the house, it will take 4.8 / 0.08 = 60 blocks. Next, estimate the height of one block, the expected height of the walls, and calculate the number of rows. For example, the height of the block is 20 cm, the height of the walls is expected to be 2.5 m, which means that the rows will need 250/20 = 12.5 (round 13). Therefore, in total, about 13 * 60 = 780 blocks will be needed.

This calculation was made roughly, without taking into account openings for windows and doors, but we will keep this figure as the main one in order to have a supply of stone in case of breaks, battles and other unforeseen situations during transportation and construction, besides, we will probably have to cut some blocks.

How to make cinder blocks with your own hands?

As we have already mentioned, you can make cinder blocks with your own hands. For manufacturing, you will need a special form for pouring, water, cement, filler (sand, crushed stone, slag, expanded clay, etc.) and some devices for creating a cavity in the stone, for example, bottles or special blanks. Forms can be made of wood or metal, and it is better if there are a lot of them, because the blocks will have to be dried right in them. The strength of cement is taken at your discretion, the design of your house is closer to you and you know about further loads on the walls, whether it be a roof or floors.

The solution is kneaded, as for pouring, the proportions are approximately as follows: cement-sand-filler 1:3:5. All this is poured into a mold with exposed bottles or blanks in places where cavities are planned. After 5 hours, when the mixture sets a little, the blanks can be removed. Now the resulting form is left to set for 24 hours. Then the blocks are taken out of the molds, and new ones can be poured, and these are stacked to dry for 28 days, until the concrete gains strength, only after that they can be used in building a house.

Building a house with your own hands from a cinder block - stages of work

The masonry of this stone is somewhat different from the brickwork familiar to many, however, in some cases, we even win, so let's take a closer look at the process.

Building a house with your own hands from a cinder block - a step by step diagram

Step 1: Foundation preparation

We have already mentioned that the foundation needs to be high (up to 70 cm above the ground) and well insulated, but it is not necessary to make it super strong, of course, unless you have several floors or reinforced concrete floors. The first stage of your construction should look something like this: a formwork is installed on a high pillow of sand and gravel (about 50 cm), in which reinforcement is placed, and all this is poured with medium or high strength concrete. In a week, the foundation will set, and if you have a basement planned, it can already be done, and the walls can only be started directly after the concrete has completely cured, i.e. after 28 days. Under the base and above it must be high-quality waterproofing.

Step 2: Building the walls

First we set the corners, this guarantees smooth walls in the future. To do this, we put one cinder block from each wall in the corners, level the corner with a building level, and stretch the rope along the perimeter, along which we will lay out the future walls. It remains to take the solution and start laying. The first 3 rows will be the most important, they set the percentage of quality for the entire wall, so apply the level more often, both in the horizontal plane and in the vertical one. Some craftsmen add a plasticizer to the masonry mortar, thereby increasing the strength of the future structure and extending the life of the mortar until it solidifies in order to knead new portions less often.

We do not recommend applying a thick layer of cement between cinder blocks, as you create additional channels for cold, because the working solution does not have such insulating qualities as cinder blocks, so a layer of up to 1.5 cm is enough. Do not fill the cavities in the blocks with cement, this will reduce the thermal insulation, they can then be covered with something warmer, such as slag. During laying, you will need a rubber mallet to tap on the blocks and a trowel to remove excess mortar from the joints. By the way, you will have to build even a one-story building using scaffolding, it is extremely inconvenient to lay blocks from a stepladder, this can degrade the quality of the building.

Step 3: Completion of construction

After the laying of the walls and the complete drying of the elements, it is time for the next floor or roof. There is a question about the severity of the floors or beams of the truss system, if you use something heavier than wood, then the top row of cinder blocks must be reinforced with an iron belt. And again, we are not afraid to repeat ourselves, we should not hesitate with the construction of the roof, we must not allow the existence of open walls in the rainy season. Also, do not delay with the exterior and interior decoration, you can even additionally insulate the building from the inside and outside with a thin layer of mineral wool, for example. The main component of success in cinder block construction is to protect the building from the external environment as quickly as possible.