What to eat with urolithiasis. Diet for women with urolithiasis

It is called a disease in which calculi or stones form in the kidneys and urinary tract.

Stones can be of several types, and the restriction in food of certain products depends on their composition. The composition of oxalate stones includes calcium salts formed from oxalic acid, respectively, in this case, the limitation of oxalic acid and vitamin C is assumed. The composition of urates includes salts of uric acid, which requires alkalinization of urine. Phosphate stones are formed in violation of the phosphorus-calcium regimen and need to "acidify" the urine, and cystine stones are formed from cystine (amino acids).

The basic rules of the diet for kidney stones

The goals pursued by the diet for urolithiasis are:

• normalization of nutrient metabolism, in particular purines;
• a shift in the reaction of urine to the alkaline or acidic side, depending on the composition of the stones, to prevent the precipitation of salts and their removal from the body;
• correction of bowel function and normalization of weight.

The diet is physiologically complete with some restriction of animal protein and refractory fats.

According to Pevzner's classification, the diet for kidney stones corresponds to the treatment table No. 6. According to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in medical institutions, table No. 6 is included in the main diet option (ATD).

• proteins - 70-80g, of which 50% are proteins of animal origin;
• fats - 80-90g, of which up to 30% are vegetable fats;
• carbohydrates - 350-400g, sugar - no more than 80g.

The energy value of the diet is 2170-2400 kilocalories per day.

Diet for kidney stones. Basic principles:

• diet;
  You need to eat up to 4-5 times a day in small portions, this reduces the load on the digestive tract, normalizes intestinal motility and weight (especially with obesity). Both overeating and fasting are not allowed, since in such cases the level of uric acid and other substances that provoke the formation of stones increases. The last meal should be no later than three hours before bedtime.
• culinary processing;
  All types of culinary processing of products are allowed, except for frying. Meat, fish and poultry products are first boiled before cooking, since about half of the purines from them pass into the broth (extractive substances). The food is crushed, but not too small, or served as a whole piece (meat - no more than 150g, fish - no more than 170g). Meat and fish are introduced into the diet no more than 2-3 times a week.
• food temperature;
  Food temperature is normal: 15-60 degrees Celsius.
• salt and liquid;
  With kidney stones, it is necessary to limit the intake of table salt to 5g per day. Excess salt provokes the formation of stones and increases blood pressure. Unless there are other reasons for limiting fluid intake, its volume should be at least 2 liters per day. Boiled water, low-mineralized water, vegetable and fruit juices, decoctions of medicinal herbs are recommended. The use of a large amount of liquid reduces the concentration of urine and removes salts from the body.
• alcohol;
  The intake of alcoholic beverages with kidney stones is excluded. Firstly, strong alcoholic drinks provoke spasm of the ureters, stagnation of urine in the kidneys and a painful attack. Secondly, ethyl alcohol increases the concentration of urine and the precipitation of salts.
• the weight;
  An equally important principle of the diet for kidney stones is the normalization of weight. With excess everything and increased consumption of high-calorie foods (simple carbohydrates and animal fats), the level of uric acid in the blood increases, which is deposited in the kidneys. It is recommended to spend fasting days once a week (curd, kefir).

Prohibited Products

The list of prohibited foods for kidney stones, first of all, includes those that contain a large amount of purines: protein foods of animal origin and refractory fats. Vegetables and fruits with a high content of oxalic acid, which provokes the formation of oxalate stones, are excluded. Limit the intake of foods rich in vitamin C, as a large amount of it increases the content of oxalic acid. For the same purpose, the number of dishes containing gelatin is reduced in the diet. Strong tea and coffee disrupt calcium-phosphorus metabolism, so they are also excluded.

The list of prohibited products includes:

• rich pastries, cakes and pastries with cream, fresh bread made from premium flour (easily digestible carbohydrates);
• broths from meat, fish, poultry and mushrooms, soups from them;
• meat and fish of fatty varieties: mackerel, salmon, catfish, herring;
• skin from a bird;
• seafood;
• young meat (a large amount of purines), canned meat and fish;
• sausages and sausages;
• jellies, aspic, jelly;
• legumes, sorrel and spinach, rhubarb, beets, eggplant limited;
• sour berries: currants, gooseberries, raspberries, lingonberries, cranberries;
• citrus limited;
• salty and spicy cheeses;
• marinades and pickles;
• smoked meats, corned beef;
• cocoa, chocolate, strong tea and coffee;
• organ meats (hidden fat and purines): kidneys, liver, brains, tongue;
• beef and mutton fat, lard, margarine, cooking oil;
• hot snacks and spices: pepper, horseradish, mustard;
• eggs, especially the yolk.

Approved Products

The therapeutic diet for kidney stones should include foods that alkalize the urine (except when the patient has phosphaturia, and a “shift” to the acid side is necessary). These include fruits and vegetables, dairy products.

The consumption of foods containing magnesium, B vitamins, which remove oxalates and urates, is shown. It is necessary to increase the amount of foods rich in vitamin A in the diet, which is important for the regeneration of the epithelium of the mucous membranes of the kidneys and urinary tract.

Low-mineralized waters and decoctions of medicinal herbs have anti-inflammatory properties. The consumption of vegetable oils is increasing as a replacement for animal fat and vegetable fiber, which prevents the deposition of salts and weight gain, and normalizes the motor function of the intestine.

The list of allowed products includes:

• bread from flour of 1 and 2 grades of coarse grinding or from bran (a source of B vitamins);
• fresh vegetable salads;
• soaked and pickled vegetables;
• cereals moderately;
• pasta in moderation;
• sweet berries and fruits, watermelons, pears, apples, plums, grapes (extract oxalates);
• potatoes, pumpkin, zucchini, carrots, tomatoes, any other vegetables;
• lean meats and poultry: chicken, turkey, beef;
• low-fat varieties of fish: cod, pollock;
• milk, non-acidic cottage cheese, dairy products;
• mild and unsalted cheeses;
• eggs in any form, the yolk is limited;
• dried fruits (source of potassium);
• vegetable, dairy, tomato sauces;
• marmalade, honey, marshmallow, meringues, jam;
• weak tea or coffee with milk or lemon, a decoction of wheat and oatmeal, bearberry, corn stigmas;
• vegetable oil, butter limited.

The need for a diet

Compliance with the principles of therapeutic nutrition for kidney stones is extremely important, because:

• helps to prevent the formation of new stones;
• dissolves existing stones;
• removes stones in the form of salt deposits and small formations from the kidneys.

In addition, a diet for urolithiasis is useful for weight loss, normalizes the digestive tract and cardiovascular system. If a patient with kidney stones adheres to a therapeutic diet, the risk of inflammatory diseases of the urinary system is reduced.

Consequences of not following the diet

If therapeutic nutrition is neglected in the case of existing kidney stones, the risk of developing complications such as:

• chronic pyelonephritis ;
• chronic urethritis and cystitis;
• an increase in the frequency of pain attacks.

After the diagnosis is made, it is necessary to adjust the diet and eating habits.

The diet for kidney stones includes the following postulates:

• balanced nutrition for all food ingredients, in accordance with energy consumption;
• food is consumed in small volumes and at least 5 times a day;
• the interval between dinner and sleep is at least 2 hours;
• food should be boiled or steamed;
• limiting salt intake, avoiding hot spices;
• sufficient daily fluid intake to increase diuresis - 3 liters of pure water;
• the use of vitamin complexes enriched with minerals.

It is better to exclude the intake of alcoholic beverages, as they cause spasms of the ureters, contribute to urinary retention and increase the concentration of salt components in the urine.

By agreement with a nutritionist, fasting days are possible, but not more than once a week. This is especially indicated for people with high blood cholesterol and obesity.

The use of a diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys slows down the clinical development of the pathology and leads to a long-term remission.

Prohibited and permitted products

What can a patient suffering from urolithiasis eat:

• dairy products, especially low-fat cottage cheese;
• wholemeal and bran bread;
• lean meat and fish;
• dried fruits;
• sweet fruits - bananas, pears, apricots, watermelon, melon, apples;
• durum wheat pasta;
• mild cheese;
• potatoes, cucumbers, pumpkin;
• Red beans;
• honey, marshmallow and marshmallow.

To stop the formation of stones, some foods need to be consumed in limited quantities:

• cereals;
• chicken and quail eggs;
• vegetable and animal oils;
• citrus and other sour fruits;
• cocoa, coffee, black tea;
• eggplant;
• beet.

Regardless of the structure of the stones, the diet for urolithiasis strictly prohibits the use of certain foods.

What not to eat with this disease of the genitourinary system:

• rich meat and mushroom broths;
• fatty sea and river fish;
• marinated dishes;
• mayonnaise, sauces, ketchups;
• pork, lamb, duck, goose;
• offal - liver, heart, kidneys;
• smoked meats, sausages;
• sweet bakery products.

Features of clinical nutrition

Pathology of the urinary system often develops in people suffering from diabetes, alcoholism, and various chronic diseases. The list of products is determined by the degree of damage to the urinary tract and the type of stones.

With urolithiasis

With urate stones, the diet should be dominated by vegetable and dairy dishes. To improve the state of the urinary function, it is recommended to practice food unloading, but a complete rejection of food is contraindicated. Fasting accelerates the formation of urate crystals in the renal tubules.

With urolithiasis, a complete rejection of the following products is necessary:

• fatty meat and offal;
• meat broths;
• legumes;
• mushrooms;
• cranberry;
• figs;
• beer.

The diet prohibits certain types of vegetables and herbs: sorrel, cauliflower, spinach. In limited quantities, it is permissible to include poultry meat, bread, eggs, lean fish, coffee and weak tea in the diet.

It is useful to eat fermented milk products, oatmeal and buckwheat porridge, vegetable soups, walnuts, green tea.

With oxalates

When oxalic acid is found in the composition of the stones, the basis is fermented milk products: cottage cheese, kefir, yogurt. You can eat cereal cereals, poultry meat, low-fat fish with a vegetable side dish. Dishes must be boiled or stewed.

Dried fruit compote, herbal teas, for example, from currant leaves, linden, mint, are considered healthy drinks. It is advisable to enrich the diet with B vitamins, which the attending doctor will help you choose.

List of prohibited foods for oxalate kidney stones:

• vegetables - bell peppers, beets, radishes, tomatoes;
• fruits and berries - citrus fruits, cranberries, strawberries; figs;
• greens - spinach, parsley, sorrel;
• spicy cheese;
• rich meat broths;
• aspic;
• spicy seasonings - mustard, ketchup, horseradish;
• marmalade.

With phosphates

The basis of nutrition is lean meat, lean fish. As a side dish, it is optimal to use rice, noodles. Kasha should be boiled in water. The use of unrefined vegetable oil, rye bread and bran is welcome. Also allowed are broths from meat and fish, pumpkin, sour berries and fruits, mushrooms.

From drinks, preference is given to a decoction of rose hips, herbal teas, cranberry juice.

Limit the use of the following foods:

• chicken eggs;
• fruits - watermelons, apricots, bananas;
• vegetables and greens - carrots, garlic, celery;
• dairy and dairy products.

Menu for the week

Doctors make up a diet depending on the composition of the stones. If an accurate laboratory examination has not been carried out to identify the composition of the urinary sediment, a balanced table No. 6 is used.

For women

In the diet for urolithiasis in women, it is important to include nutrients that help maintain beauty and promote the return of health. Therefore, vegetables, fruits, linseed and olive oil, foods containing unsaturated fatty acids must be present in the diet. Adequate content of vitamins and microelements in the diet is also important.

Often the fair sex seeks to lose weight using dubious diets. This is unacceptable, since fasting causes relapses of the disease and contributes to an increase in the size of the stones. An approximate female diet for the days of the week may look like this.

Monday:

• Breakfast - soft-boiled egg, fresh cabbage salad with olive oil, green tea.
• Lunch - oatmeal soup, potatoes baked with fish, jelly.
• Dinner - cheesecakes, linden decoction, biscuits.

Tuesday:

• Breakfast - rice porridge boiled in milk with a small amount of butter.
• Lunch - vegetarian cabbage soup, stewed chicken breast with buckwheat porridge, dried apricot compote.
• Dinner - boiled fish with mashed potatoes.

Wednesday:

• Breakfast - cheesecakes with sour cream, tea with lemon balm.
• Lunch - vegetable soup, lean beef with stewed zucchini, berry jelly.
• Dinner - scrambled eggs, a glass of warm milk, crackers.

Thursday:

• Breakfast - buckwheat porridge, baked carrots, coffee with milk.
• Lunch - noodle soup with chicken broth, baked potatoes, chicken breast, sweet berry jelly.
• Dinner - carrot-apple casserole, natural yogurt.

Friday:

• Breakfast - low-fat cottage cheese with dried apricots, green tea, biscuits.
• Lunch - soup with meatballs and potatoes, stewed pumpkin with linseed oil, pear compote.
• Dinner - boiled cod, cucumber salad, apple juice, crackers.

Saturday:

• Breakfast - scrambled eggs, coffee with milk, croutons with raisins.
• Lunch - milk noodle soup, potato casserole, mint drink.
• Dinner - lean beef meatballs with grated carrots, berry jelly.

Sunday:

• Breakfast - millet porridge boiled in milk, tea with mint.
• Lunch - vegetarian borscht, chicken with baked potatoes, sweet apple compote.
• Dinner - cottage cheese casserole with raisins, fermented baked milk, crackers.

If a person feels hungry between meals, you can eat a baked apple, muesli, a small portion of walnuts, raisins. Also, the diet allows the intake of yogurt, kefir with crackers.

For men

In men, a diet for urolithiasis involves the rejection of alcoholic beverages of any strength, fatty meat, including sausages, coffee, carbonated drinks and spices. This is especially important if there has been a failure in purine metabolism.

It is more difficult for men to follow proper nutrition with urolithiasis, as it is difficult to give up their favorite foods and alcohol. They endure any food restrictions harder than women. Therefore, the doctor, prescribing a diet for urolithiasis in men, must justify the prescribed dietary restrictions, and close people need to support the person during this difficult period.

The task of the diet for kidney stones in men is to ensure that, against the background of a proper diet, a sufficient intake of calories, since men are more engaged in physical labor. An example of a male diet for renal pathology.

Monday:

• Breakfast - buckwheat porridge with butter, yogurt.
• Lunch - vegetable soup in chicken broth, boiled potatoes with chicken breast, apple compote.
• Dinner - cottage cheese with cream and honey, green tea with vanilla crackers.

Tuesday:

• Breakfast - scrambled eggs, stewed carrots, tea with milk.
• Lunch - milk soup with noodles, turkey cutlets with stewed zucchini, rosehip broth.
• Dinner - boiled fish with vegetable casserole, tea with biscuits.

Wednesday:

• Breakfast - cucumber salad with sour cream, boiled egg, wheat porridge, coffee with milk.
• Lunch - borsch on low-fat meat broth, a piece of boiled beef with mashed potatoes, pear compote.
• Dinner - cheesecakes with raisins, fermented baked milk, croutons.

Thursday:

• Breakfast - carrot salad with olive oil, barley porridge, weak coffee, bran bun.
• Lunch - soup with meatballs, stewed cabbage with chicken, berry jelly.
• Dinner - rice, vinaigrette without pickles, kefir with bread.

Friday:

• Breakfast - millet porridge with butter, a glass of milk.
• Lunch - soup with pumpkin and potatoes, carrot meatballs with boiled turkey, compote with dried apricots.
• Dinner - cucumber salad with olive oil, beef steam cutlet, green tea with cereal.

Saturday:

• Breakfast - scrambled eggs, stewed carrots, coffee with milk.
• Lunch - soup on chicken broth, pasta with chicken breast, jelly from sweet berries.
• Dinner - cottage cheese casserole with raisins, sour cream, tea with marshmallows.

Sunday:

• Breakfast - buckwheat porridge, soft-boiled egg, yogurt with biscuits.
• Lunch - vermicelli soup, baked potatoes with lean beef, rosehip drink.
• Dinner - boiled red fish with stewed pumpkin, green tea.

Nutritionists advise men to follow a vegetarian diet at least once a week. This will help you lose weight and speed up your metabolism. With an exacerbation of the disease, you will have to completely abandon the use of meat and fish.

Consequences of not following the diet

Kidney stones can lead to serious complications. Therefore, treatment should be comprehensive with the obligatory observance of the basic dietary rules agreed with the doctor.

Improper nutrition causes serious harm to the body, the patient may experience the following consequences:

• renal arterial hypertension;

Diet is an important component of kidney stone therapy. Therapeutic nutrition will improve metabolism, normalize urine tests, increase diuresis, and prevent further formation of sand and stones in the genitourinary system.

Only a doctor can choose the right diet, focusing on the results of laboratory diagnostics. To achieve a positive result, the patient must strictly follow the prescribed diet.

Useful video about the diet for urolithiasis

List of sources:

• Handbook of Therapist, ed. M.G. Astapenko.

The formation of stones of various composition in the kidneys is considered one of the most common pathologies. Most often, due to the peculiarities of the structure of the body and the humoral regulation of processes, the female half of the population suffers from it.

The therapy includes a change in the daily regimen, regular intake of medications prescribed by a doctor, as well as a mandatory change in the culture of everyday nutrition. A diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys is necessary, since almost all the decay products of food pass through these organs.

Rules for eating and compiling a menu during the formation of stones

note

The principles of nutrition and the composition of the daily menu are selected individually, depending on the composition of the formed stones, the degree of development of the disease, the general condition of the patient, his age and weight, the presence of chronic pathologies of various types, etc.

A menu suitable for complex therapy can only be chosen by a nephrologist, since the positive result of the diet will depend on the substances resulting from the breakdown of products. Stones and calculi are formed mainly as a result of the deposition of salts and other wastes of various substances in the kidneys, including from food. In addition, the formation of kidney stones can be affected by diseases of the digestive system, as well as a lack of vitamins, minerals, amino acids and nutrients in the body necessary to prevent the occurrence of this pathology.

It is important to remember that in education cysteine ​​and xanthine stones (that is, those that have grown as a result of the deposition of amino acids), a therapeutic diet is practically not prescribed, since this type of pathology is of a genetic nature and is not amenable to standard treatment.

If a or , then proper nutrition will only help stop the production of new stones without dissolving the old ones. And here can dissolve even simply with a diet, with little or no drug treatment.

Self-selection of food can lead to a significant deterioration in the patient's condition, exacerbation of the pathology and the formation of unpleasant concomitant diseases.

In order for the diet to help speed up recovery and significantly increase the positive effect of prescribed medications, the patient must follow the following nutritional rules:

The rules listed above are relevant for any of the prescribed diets for any type of kidney stones.

What foods are prohibited for urolithiasis

There is a list of products that can significantly worsen the patient's condition for any type of urolithiasis and cause irreparable damage to the entire genitourinary system. In addition, they retain water in the body, do not allow the prescribed drugs to be absorbed normally and deliver an additional burden to the body damaged by the pathology. That is why they are excluded from all lists of acceptable products and are strongly not recommended by medical specialists:

• fatty meats and fish, including fatty parts of chicken and turkey;
• offal;
• sausages and sausages;
• all types of smoked, dried and canned foods;
• dairy products with high fat content;
• strong varieties of tea;
• chocolate and cocoa;
• salo;
• sweet carbonated drinks;
• alcohol;
• , salads, celery;
• aspic, jelly, jelly;
• biologically active additives containing a large amount of ascorbic acid;
• figs;
• tomatoes, green beans;
• all kinds of citrus fruits, rose hips, currants, lingonberries, cranberries;
• sweets;
• spices and seasonings, vinegar, tomato pastes, sauces, marinades.

The use of all these products is permissible only after complete elimination of the pathology and long-term prevention of the subsequent formation of stones of any type in the kidneys.

Nutrition during the formation of urate stones

occur in the kidneys when there is an excess of uric acid in the body, which leads to an acid reaction of the urine. This is due to the excessive intake of purines, which are found mainly in animal fats, in the patient's body.

The composition of nutrition in is aimed at changing this reaction to alkaline. Various vegetarian dishes filled with a high content of vegetables and fruits, as well as low-fat milk, help a lot with this. The basis of the menu should be vegetable soups, baked vegetables and allowed fruits.

In addition, you can diversify the menu with various semi-liquid cereals boiled in a mixture of water and milk, slimy mashed stews and cereal soups.

With urate kidney stones, the menu may consist of the following products:

• potatoes, carrots, and cucumbers;
• green onions, dill and parsley;
• , pears, peaches, apricots, red grapes;
• all kinds of nuts;
• butter and olive oils;
• all types of dairy products with low fat content;
• flour products from unleavened pastry;
• , rice, millet, oats, millet;
• herbal teas from, mint, infusions and decoctions of special collections for urinary stones, jelly, compotes, weak tea with milk, alkaline mineral waters, decoctions of wheat and flax bran;

Fasting with urate stones is prohibited, but some types of fasting days will be of great benefit. such as dairy, fruit or vegetable. They should be carried out no more than 1 day a week. On this day, you need to drink as much liquid as possible. In addition, if the treatment takes place during the hot season, the amount of fluid consumed should also be increased.

Nutrition for calcium phosphate stones

The menu for calcium stones in the urinary system will be somewhat different from the generally accepted one for these types of pathologies. Since calcium salts of phosphoric acid can accumulate due to insufficient acidity of the urine, it is necessary to bring the internal pH to the desired level. This can be done just with the help of a diet similar to a table with urate stones, from which they exclude:

• vegetables;
• milk;
• egg yolk.

These products contain a large amount of calcium in their composition, so their inclusion in the daily diet is unacceptable. Instead, it is allowed to add to the menu:

In cases where the formation of calcium phosphate stones occurred with any type of calcium deficiency (this happens if too much calcium is washed out of the body, but at the same time settles in the kidneys), the menu is adjusted in accordance with the general physical condition of the patient.

Nutrition for oxalate stones

They are considered the most rigid of all types of stones. They are very difficult to come out and hardly give in to natural excretion. That's why the diet is mainly aimed at stopping their growth and re-formation.

This type of stones appears due to the deposition of calcium salts of oxalic acid. In order to stop the progression of the pathology, it will be necessary to exclude much more products from the daily diet than with urate stones.

From the menu should be displayed:

• all kinds of green vegetables;
• citrus;
• meat;
• consumption of dairy products, even with low fat content, is reduced to a minimum;
• sweet bakery products.

To remove oxalate stones, the patient will have to drink a very large amount of liquid that does not contain any types of acids or alkalis. The daily food menu includes:

• durum wheat pasta;
• butter;
• legumes;
• non-sour apples and pears;
• cereal porridge;
• lean fish.

The combination of such a strict diet with a course of medication prescribed by a doctor stops the growth of stones and provokes their exit from the body.

It is important to remember that caution is necessary when following any diet. You need to carefully monitor the nutrition and condition of the body after each meal. If, when adding a new product to the menu, the state of health worsened, then it is necessary to exclude it again and consult a doctor for the most rational replacement.

Kuznetsova Irina, medical columnist

Pain in kidney stones occurs suddenly, as a result of which the patient urgently needs to be hospitalized. When in pain, a person can neither lie nor sit, he is exhausted and does not want anything, only to eliminate rather unpleasant and painful symptoms.
Few of the patients know that the main reason for the appearance of kidney stones lies partly in malnutrition. In addition, it is necessary to follow the correct diet after an attack of pain in order to avoid recurrence of attacks. Compliance with a special diet allows you to get rid of not only repeated attacks of urolithiasis, but also in order to be cured. Diet for kidney stones and its own issue of the disease is devoted to this material.

Why do kidney stones appear in our kidneys

Kidney stones are formed from crystals that gradually increase and at one moment make themselves felt when pain symptoms appear. The reasons for the appearance of the first crystals and the formation of stones are enough not to save yourself. Therefore, every year the number of people delivering to medical institutions with signs of KSD is increasing.

What are the reasons for the development of kidney stones? These reasons include:

1. Disturbed metabolism, which leads to changes in the composition of the blood and urine.
2. genetic predisposition.
3. Diseases of the intestines and stomach of a chronic nature.
4. Insufficient drinking intake.
5. A diet that consists of foods that increase the acidity of urine.
6. Diseases of the urinary organs and system.
7. Lack of vitamin D in the body.
8. Infection in the genitourinary system.
9. Metabolic disorders, including congenital.
10. The use of antibiotics, hormonal drugs and other types of drugs that are poorly excreted by the body.
11. Violation of the normal outflow of urine and gout.

These above reasons provoke the development of KSD, eventually causing the appearance of pain symptoms. You can find out the cause of the disease by passing a general urine test. According to the chemical composition of the stones, the doctor recommends the patient an appropriate diet.

What types of stones are known

As already mentioned, a diet for kidney stones and treatment is prescribed only after the chemical composition of these same stones is revealed. Depending on the chemical composition of the compounds, they are divided into types. What are these types and how are they characterized??

To oxalate stones include salt compounds of oxalic acid. They are formed due to the normal acidity of urine. Stones of this type are rounded brown shells with a prickly surface.

It is through the presence of spikes that a negative effect on the mucous membrane is carried out, leading to its injury. Compounds of this nature have one feature - they are insoluble, due to the increased density of the compound. A healthy diet will not protect a person from developing oxalate kidney stones. In particular, if a person's diet consists of acidic fresh fruits and vegetables, which he eats constantly for a long time, then the likelihood of the formation of such compounds is very high. Oxalate compounds are not subject to cleavage, therefore, with this diagnosis, surgical intervention is required.

To phosphate stones include salts of phosphoric acid, formed when alkaline urine occurs. The features of these compounds include:

Therefore, the diagnosis of ICD phosphate stones is treated by introducing mineral water and acidic juices into the diet. Such products contribute to the breakdown of the resulting phosphate compounds, which are excreted from the body along with urine.

Treatment and diet for oxalate kidney stones

If the patient eats properly with kidney stones, then this will be the first step towards a successful cure for the disease. From the moment kidney stones are detected, the attending physician prescribes a special diet for the patient, which he must strictly adhere to. Therefore, it is very important to determine the type of KSD in order to prescribe conservative treatment.

When diagnosing oxalate compounds in the kidneys, acidic products, in particular oxalic acid, should be immediately excluded from the diet. The patient will need to stop eating the following foods:

• sorrel;
• lettuce;
• spinach;
• chocolate.

Eat lemons and other products containing vitamin C only in metered amounts that are prescribed by a doctor.

The main treatments for oxalate urolithiasis include:

• regulation of acidity in the body;
• medicinal products that promote the bonding of calcium;
• phytotherapy;
• adherence to a special diet prescribed by a doctor;
• abundant fluid intake, which is at least 1.5 liters per day;
• in the presence of inflammation of the genital organs, their medical treatment is required.

The diet should include the following foods: cereals (oatmeal and buckwheat, cauliflower, prunes, pumpkins, carrots, black bread).

As a supplement for a variety of food, the diet includes: boiled eggs, not sour cottage cheese, sour cream, butter.

When detecting oxalate kidney stones, doctors recommend, in addition to medication and diet, to use fresh infusions of grape leaves and black currant. It is also useful to drink infusions of raspberry leaves, which help to eliminate minor compounds from the kidneys. When the disease worsens, it is not recommended to consume dairy products enriched with calcium. It is also necessary to exclude from the diet meat food, which contains animal protein, which contributes to an increase in salts in the urine.

In order to prevent the appearance of new bouts of pain in the ICD, it should be excluded from the diet:

• the use of broths;
• aspic;
• smoked and fried foods;
• coffee and cocoa;
• tomato juice and tomatoes;
• beer and other alcoholic beverages.

Diet and treatment is very important in oxalate urolithiasis, as enlargement of the stones will only require surgery.

Phosphate stones: what will be the diet

With phosphate kidney stones, everything is much simpler, but a diet is also required to get rid of them and achieve their dissolution. And in order to get rid of them, the diet must be diluted with acidic foods, which will contribute to the oxidation of urine and the breakdown of the compounds formed. So that the labors are not useless, you should not eat foods rich in calcium, as this will lead to the strengthening of the stones.

With phosphate stones, doctors introduce a taboo on the use of such products:

• dairy products;
• smoked, salty and fried foods;
• salads, potatoes;
• alcohol;
• coffee and cocoa;
• fish.

These products should be forgotten indefinitely until a full recovery is confirmed. After recovery, one should be careful, since the development of new relapses is not excluded.

When phosphate stones are found, boiled veal, poultry, as well as bread, cereals, eggs, unsalted lard, green peas, sour fruits, sweets and tea can be added to the diet if phosphate stones are found. It is better not to drink coffee, although its negative effect has not been proven.

In addition to following a diet, a patient with phosphate kidney stones is recommended to visit phytotherapeutic complexes: the use of various herbal infusions, teas and other types of drinking. Decoctions of cranberries, viburnum, juniper, thyme have a positive effect on the removal of stones from the kidneys.

Self-medication is prohibited, especially if the diagnosis is unknown. You should definitely visit a doctor and undergo an examination, because it is possible that pain in the kidney area does not always indicate the presence of stones in the cavity.

In addition to phytotherapeutic procedures, it is also important for the patient to know that he should drink at least 1.5 liters of purified mineral water per day, which helps to remove split stones. To prevent stones from clogging the urinary duct, active treatment of KSD should be carried out.

Urate compounds: diet

If urate compounds are found in the kidneys, the doctor must prescribe a special method, a diet for urate kidney stones, from which it excludes the use of the following products:

• broths and soups;
• offal;
• meat of young living creatures;
• fish.

From the diet, you should also exclude the use of chocolate, coffee, tea, sorrel and spinach, as well as legumes. All these products contribute to the development of the disease KSD uraturia. If you do not exclude these foods from the diet, then it will be impossible to protect yourself from new bouts of pain in the kidneys.

The permitted products that are part of the diet for uraturia include: beets, potatoes, lettuce, asparagus, vegetable and butter oils, cereals, cheeses and dairy products. From fruits, the diet for uraturia can be varied with apples, grapes, gooseberries, apricots and nuts. Of fruits, the only exceptions are acidic foods (citrus fruits). You can not eat and salt, the maximum daily dose should not exceed 4 grams, but it is better to refuse it altogether.

An obligatory item of each diet is to drink plenty of fluids. With uraturia, the amount of fluid drunk should not be less than 3 liters per day. You need to drink throughout the day in small portions. It is forbidden to drink food, after eating you can drink only after one hour. Before dinner, a patient with uraturia can drink a glass of tea with lemon or milk, which has a positive effect on the healing process.

If you follow a strict diet and not succumb to any temptations, then with its help you can achieve complete dissolution of stones and remove them from the body, which can be seen after an ultrasound of the kidneys.

Based on the foregoing, one can summarize and note that it is almost impossible to protect oneself from diseases, but when rational methods of dealing with diseases are known, then you only need to use them. Kidney stones are a disease that has been known for a very long time and during this time medicine has come to the conclusion that a rational way to treat such a disease is to follow a special diet.

Urolithiasis disease ( urolithiasis ) is a metabolic disease and is manifested by the formation of stones in any organs of the urinary system: kidneys, ureters or bladder. The likelihood of KSD in humans is increased by hormonal imbalance, hereditary metabolic disorders, nutrition of the patient, as well as existing anatomical abnormalities.

The development of stones is the result of the process of formation of the nucleus and the accumulation around it of constantly formed crystals. The formation of the nucleus occurs when crystals of various salts precipitate from urine supersaturated with them. The role of certain nanobacteria in this process has been proven. These atypical Gram-negative bacteria produce calcium carbonate on the surface of cells in the urinary system. Substances that keep salts in solution and prevent their precipitation include: sodium chloride , magnesium, zinc, manganese ions, hippuric acid , citrates, cobalt. Even in small quantities, these substances inhibit crystallization.

The clinic of the disease is quite diverse. In some patients, it manifests itself as a single attack of renal colic, while in others it becomes protracted, an infection joins and various kidney diseases occur: pyonephrosis , sclerosis of the renal parenchyma and development. The main symptoms of the disease are pain, the appearance of blood in the urine, urination disorders and the passage of stones and salt crystals.

Nutrition for nephrolithiasis will depend on the composition of the stones, and therefore may include mutually exclusive foods. Calcium is the basis of most urinary stones. The highest prevalence of calcium stones (including calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate), urate, consisting of salts of uric acid and magnesium containing, is noted. The oversaturation of urine with calcium and oxalate plays a major role in the formation of calcium oxalate.

Initial treatment for any type of KSD is aimed at increasing fluid intake, improving diuresis, changing diet, and controlling the acid-base balance of the urine. Kidney stone disease is a serious problem in urology, because despite the introduction of new, high-tech methods of therapy, there is a high frequency of recurrence of stone formation.

A rational diet restores normal metabolism and urine reaction, on which the possibility of the formation of calculi depends. In an acidic environment, urate stones are formed, oxalate - in a neutral acidic, and phosphate - in an alkaline. The right diet changes pH urine and serves as a criterion for the correctness of the diet. If the level pH in the morning 6.0-6.4, and in the evening 6.4-7.0, then the body is fine, since the optimal level is 6.4-6.5.

Treatment also depends on the composition of the stones and the acid-base state of the urine. "Sand in the kidneys" is expelled by abundant fluid intake and medicinal mineral waters, watermelon days and dietary recommendations. Decoctions of herbs (horsetail, lingonberry leaf, madder dye, goldenrod) and herbal preparations are widely used.

With phosphaturia, foods containing calcium and phosphorus are sharply limited. It is recommended to drink liquid up to 2-2.5 liters. In the presence of hypercalciuria appoint diphosphonates . You can increase the acidity of urine by drinking acidic juices and mineral waters Narzan, Darasun, Arzni, Smirnovskaya.

Taking into account all these points, adjustments are made to the diet:

• Foods high in oxalic acid are excluded: rhubarb, figs, sorrel, spinach, beans, chocolate, parsley, celery. A moderate content of this acid is found in tea, chicory, carrots, green beans, onions, beets, tomatoes, plums, strawberries, gooseberries.
• Use with products is limited: grapefruit, strawberries, lemons, sea buckthorn, gooseberries, currants, oranges, tangerines, rose hips, cranberries, mountain ash, wild strawberries, wild garlic, bell peppers.
• A large amount of vegetable fiber is introduced.
• A plentiful drinking regimen is observed, which prevents the precipitation of calcium oxalates (3 liters per day). Water is alternated with the use of juices (cucumber and other fruit and vegetable), compotes, fruit and vegetable broths. Weak solutions of organic acids (malic, citric, benzoic and others) contained in them can dissolve oxalates.
• Alkalization of urine is carried out by using mineral waters: Naftusya, Essentuki No. 4 and No. 20, Truskavetska, Luzhanska, Morshinska, Berezovskaya.
• Oxalates are removed from the peel of apples, pears and quince, birch leaves, elder flowers, violet roots.

Diet for urolithiasis in women

In women, severe forms are more common, for example, staghorn nephrolithiasis . With coral calculi, a foreign body occupies almost the entire cavitary system of the kidney. With this severe form of KSD, only open surgery is performed. A common cause of it is hyperparathyroidism (increased function of the parathyroid glands). Thanks to modern diagnostics, such neglected forms have recently become less common.

The growth of urolithiasis is provoked by: the nature of nutrition (an abundance of protein in the diet), physical inactivity, which leads to a violation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism. An unbalanced diet aggravates the situation. For example, a bias towards protein foods with frequent adherence to a protein diet provokes the formation of urate stones. With sand in the kidneys, attention should be paid to nutrition and the reaction of urine, since this condition is reversible and can be corrected by nutrition and abundant fluid intake. You can periodically take diuretic fees. For urolithiasis in women, the general dietary recommendations described above should be followed, as they do not differ.

For women it is also important:

• fight physical inactivity and lead an active lifestyle;
• prevent weight gain;
• drink enough liquid;
• do not overcool and treat inflammatory diseases of the urogenital area in time.

All these factors contribute to stone formation.

With pyelonephritis and urolithiasis

In this case, a more rigorous approach to treatment and therapeutic nutrition is needed. Pyelonephritis is often a complication of KSD. Antibacterial therapy is mandatory based on the results of the sensitivity of pathogens to antibacterial drugs. In parallel, herbal preparations are prescribed (, Kanefron , ). It must be remembered that only the removal of the stone creates the conditions for the complete elimination of the infection.

Treatment phosphate crystalluria aimed at acidifying the urine. For this purpose, mineral waters are used: Dzau-suar, Narzan, Arzni and preparations:, vitamin C . Food is prescribed with a restriction of foods with phosphorus (legumes, chocolate, cheese, dairy products, liver, fish roe, chicken). If there is a large amount of calcium phosphate in the urine, it is necessary to reduce the absorption of phosphorus and calcium in the intestine by prescribing Almagel . In the presence of tripelphosphates antibiotic therapy and uroantiseptics for the purpose of sanitation of the urinary system.

During treatment urate crystalluria the nutrition of the child provides for the exclusion of purine bases. These are the following products: meat broths, liver, kidneys, nuts, peas, beans, cocoa. Preference is given to products of dairy and vegetable origin. It is important to drink 1-2 liters of fluid. These should be slightly alkaline mineral waters, decoction of oats and decoctions of herbs (dill, horsetail, lingonberry leaf, birch leaf, clover, knotweed). For supporting pH urine use citrate mixtures ( Magurlit , Uralit-U , blemarin , salt water ).

Stone formation in a child is provoked by conditions that lead to permanent obstruction of the urinary tract: anomalies in development and position, endocrinopathy ( hyperparathyroidism , hyperthyroidism , infant hypercalcemia ) acquired tubulopathies and chronic urinary infection. Of course, it is important to eliminate the main cause of stone formation.