Iris Siberian purple. Spring protection of garden plants from pests and diseases

The ancient Greeks, paying tribute to the beauty and richness of the shades of this aristocratic plant, named it after the goddess of the rainbow they adored. In Russia, 60 species of the genus Iris grow, among which the Siberian iris is one of the most stable and unpretentious. Learn all about planting and caring for this flower crop at open field. In the article you will find a description of the best varieties of iris and a photo of a flower in different parts of a romantic garden.

Siberian iris: biological features of the plant

Siberian irises, they are also Siberian irises, are a whole group of closely related species, the natural range of which covers vast expanses from the foothills of the Alps to Primorye, China and Japan. All of them are distinguished by several interesting features for the gardener:

tallness and, as a result, showiness in any elements of landscape design;
resistance to lodging, which eliminates the need for tying;
decorative leaves after flowering, which allows you to leave them in the flower bed for the entire growing season;
unpretentiousness up to complete undemanding care: they will be surrounded by weeds, but will not give up;
convincing winter hardiness.

Siberian irises in a flower bed

The usual places of its wild growth are drained floodplains and light birch groves.

Choosing a place for irises

A place for iris is chosen taking into account two parameters. Firstly, this tall plant should not block other flowers, so the central part of the flower bed or the background of any decorative frame is well suited for iris. It perfectly decorates the shores of a garden pond, rockeries, looks against the background of spirea and jasmine bushes. If desired, you can create a flower garden of irises alone - an iridarium.

Secondly, the needs of the plant should be taken into account:

loamy, non-alkaline, fairly fertile soil;
constant hydration, necessary to preserve the decorative foliage and lay new peduncles;
openwork penumbra in the hottest hours of the day.

Irises do well in partial shade.

It is important to remember that the Siberian iris should receive light and moisture in sufficient quantities, but without excess. Only in such conditions can you get the maximum flowering annually.

Attention! Before planting irises, dig up the corner intended for them on the bayonet of a shovel and select the rhizomes of weeds.

Iris Planting Technology

Irises are planted in two terms: April or August. They grow rapidly and occupy the territory: a curtain from one rhizome in 10 years can cover a circle with a diameter of 2 meters. For this reason, the distance between the holes is measured at least 60 cm.

Flower farms sell rhizomes of irises in containers or with an open root system. In the first case, the contents of the container are simply placed in the hole without deepening: the rhizome in the soil is already located at the desired depth.

If the rhizome is purchased without a container or obtained by dividing a curtain already existing in the garden, it is soaked in a root formation stimulator (kornevin, epin, heteroauxin) for 6-12 hours. Planted, deepening by 3-5 cm, no more.

The division of the iris bush

The planted rhizomes are shed with water, wait until the earth settles and sprinkle the soil until the surface is leveled. If leafy delenki were planted, the leaves are pressed with earth so that they do not lie down. To retain moisture, the soil is mulched with peat or pieces of bark.

Attention! Avoid mulching with hay: mice and other pests that gnaw on rhizomes can live under it.

Iris flower care

Although irises are unpretentious, they give the best flowering to a caring owner. In the first year or two of life, it is necessary to carefully weed. Mature plants will crowd out any weeds. A layer of mulch is desirable to maintain as the rhizomes do best in cool soil.

Young irises need watering with good wetting of the soil as needed. Twice a year, before the start of the growing season and before winter, they are provided with a complete complex fertilizer.

Drying flower stalks are removed systematically, and a complete cutting of foliage to a height of 10-15 cm is carried out just before the cold weather. AT middle lane plants overwinter well thanks to retracting roots, if we are talking about latitudes closer to the Arctic Circle, then for the winter it is better to cover them with spruce branches and snow.

Siberian iris Rikuji Sakura

Siberian irises are immune to many diseases, but they can settle at the base of the leaves. molds. The affected areas are mercilessly cut out and burned, the sections are sprinkled with crushed coal, and the plants themselves are thinned out to improve ventilation.

Of the pests, cutworm caterpillars, which become active in the conditions of a dry spring, pose a threat. They can be collected by hand, and in the event of a massive appearance of caterpillars, they can be treated with Intavir or Zeta. If you do not want to use insecticides, you can use tinctures of garlic or wormwood.

Advice. If you want the scoop to fly around your garden on the tenth road, plant more calendula in it - this plant has an unbearable smell for many insects.

The best varieties of Siberian iris

The expressive iris flower resembles an exquisite orchid. Its six petals are arranged in two circles, with the upper and lower different shapes, often curved, with a slight fringe. On the lower petals there is a spot of a contrasting color. This is a signal, a kind of "landing strip" for an insect that wants to feast on nectar.

best variety Siberian irises, which received the prestigious Dykes Medal, received in the UK. This is the Cambridge variety. purple flower, as if powdered with frost, at the base of each petal has a mysterious pattern in the form of a wide golden brown feather. Of the other varieties, the most attractive are:

Baccarat - soft orange, with clove and lilac shades;
Bebling Brook - bluish-lilac, like the sky at dawn;

Variety Bebling Brook

Color Caanival - colors Ivory, with a bright orange signal surrounded by burgundy strokes;
The first snow is like a swan with open wings;
The song tree is yellow like a chicken, with a signal reminiscent of the yolk in a scrambled egg.

They often joke about the unpretentiousness of irises: "planted and forgot." And although this is not entirely true - the plant still requires careful observation and timely assistance - it is worth planting irises near the house. Gorgeous rich green foliage and spectacular fist-sized flowers will win the heart of any grower.

Siberian irises
June, irises are in full bloom. Bearded irises sparkle in the sun with a play of shades, wrap themselves in incredible frills, in silk and velvet petals - what could be more beautiful? The answer is two steps away, around the corner garden path, where, under an openwork canopy, the first buds of Siberian irises reveal the first buds of shadows - "the purest beauty of the purest example."

In the second half of June, the “reins of government” in the garden pass to another, very extensive part of the iris family - beardless irises. The name "Siberian irises" combines many wild-growing species and hybrids created in the process of their crossing. These irises are resistant to low temperatures, bloom stably, quickly form lush curtains, multiply easily and do not break under the wind. Their health is truly Siberian, they are practically not susceptible to diseases, having immunity to the main enemy of irises - bacteriosis. They grow well in damp places and on the banks of water bodies.

SIBERIAN IRIS IN GARDEN DESIGN

Siberian irises are an example of "good breeding", their presence in the garden is always noticeable, but unobtrusive. Refined elegance, so highly valued by the English gardening school, Siberian irises are combined with natural grace and amazing vitality. Siberian iris, the main species of this group, grows in nature in floodplain meadows, forest edges. Perhaps that is why the "Siberians" so easily fit into the Russian "old-fashioned" landscape. In the multicolored summer garden near Moscow, it is more difficult to find a plant with which Siberian irises would not be combined - they get along with everyone. Not to mention the closest water-loving relatives, marsh irises (I. pseudacorus), in full agreement with which the "Siberians" settle down on the banks of reservoirs.

However, be careful, the swamp iris grows actively even in water, so when planting it is wise to place its roots in a high insulating "cuff". The best thing is to use mixed landings near reservoirs, varietal marsh irises, they have larger and interesting flowers and not as aggressive.

Compared to "individualists", tall bearded irises, Siberian ones are born "collectivists". They are perfectly combined with each other in large curtains and curb planting, especially against the background of conifers and ornamental shrubs. Another rare and very relevant merit

Siberian iris, variety "Biyskie rifts" - a variety of a talented researcher and originator 3. V. Dolganova.

Feature: having a powerful root system, Siberian irises can fully grow among the lawn, showing a model of harmony not only aesthetic, but also biological.

MODERN RANGE OF SIBERIAN IRIS

Iris siberica (Siberian iris) has been known to botanists since the 16th century. However, breeders did not indulge him with attention, and by 1900 there were only 17 varieties of Siberian irises. Today, the modest "Cinderella" of the iris family has turned into a graceful princess.

In 1960, within the framework of the section of Siberian irises that separated from the American Society of Iris Growers, intensive work began on interspecific crossing, including the use of colchicine. Treatment of seeds with colchicine, causing a change in the genetic structure, and led to the creation garden forms with an increased set of chromosomes, the so-called diploids and tetraploids. The result of experiments on interspecific crossing was the emergence of varieties with a wide range of colors, including white, pink, yellow. A wonderful variety ‘Emerard Frosted’ with a hint of turquoise and emerald has dense petals, as if fashioned from wax. An increase in the size of inflorescences, pronounced corrugation, even double flowers- all these are the results of half a century of selection of Siberian irises.

The best coefficient of ornamentation in our garden was shown by the variety "Khanka" by the outstanding Russian scientist and originator G. I. Rodionenko, who was awarded the highest awards of the British and American Society of Iris Growers. This variety blooms first, throwing out a "fountain" of numerous peduncles, it equally tolerates frost, shade, excess and lack of moisture. The bush does not age for a long time and does not require frequent division, even at the age of 7 years it continues to grow in a lush curtain, growing more and more new peduncles, the number of which can reach up to two hundred.

The garden classification of Siberian irises is also based on the height of the flower stalks. They are divided into the following groups: undersized - 25-50 cm, medium-sized - 50-70 cm and tall 70-120 cm. The latest selection achievement is dwarf "Siberians" 15-20 cm high. May, late - at the end of July. An important indicator of the decorative qualities of a variety is the coefficient of ornamentality, that is, the ratio of foliage and peduncles in the bush. For example, if flowering bush has 25 peduncles and 60 leaf bundles, its ratio is 25/60.

Varieties for growing in the middle lane and northwestern regions Russia:

'Waltz Katun', 'Vereshchaginets', 'Violet', 'Khanka', 'Eduard Regel', 'Eol', 'Adolf Svoboda', 'Bellissima', 'Banish Misfortune', 'Dreaming Yellow', 'Cambridge Careless Sally' , 'Lady of Quality', 'Liberty Hills', 'Marlene Ahlburg', 'My Love', 'Orville Fay', 'Sally Kerlin', 'Shirley Pope', 'Silver Edge', 'Super Ego', 'Tealwood' , 'White Lance', 'White Swirl'.

LANDING

Unlike bearded irises, Siberian ones do not tolerate drying of the roots at all, which should be remembered when purchasing planting material, transplanting and dividing plants. Before planting the divided bushes, the leaves and long thin roots of irises are cut to one third of the length, the perennial thick rhizome is buried in the soil up to 5 cm. Siberian iris seedlings are usually sold with a closed root system. When landing them on permanent place leaves may not be pruned. If the roots have repeatedly wrapped around the inside of the pot wall, they must be carefully straightened and evenly distributed in the planting hole.

FEATURES OF AGROTECHNOLOGY

In nature, Siberian irises grow in moist sunny meadows, if you manage to provide them with similar conditions in the garden, plant them in fertile or regularly fertilized soil, you will get large, healthy, luxurious flowering plants. However, the survival potential of Siberian irises is very high, they are undemanding to soils, so they are excellent plants for the development of new lands, especially lowlands, flooded areas with high groundwater.

You can divide and replant Siberian irises from spring to autumn, best term- 2-3 weeks after flowering. On the sunny place flowering will be more abundant, but additional watering may be required, especially before and after flowering. Planting in partial shade will protect the flowers from burning out and drying out the soil. Irises will be very grateful to mulching the soil, mulch made from pine chips or cedar shells will serve not only as protection against drying out and weeds, but also as an organic element of decor.

Irises are a real decoration of any flower bed and flower garden. The Siberian iris is notable for its unpretentiousness and resistance to cold, fast growth rate and abundant flowering. Dense plantings of dwarf irises look beautiful along the borders. Tall varieties grow well along fences and hedges. Several hundred varieties of Siberian irises are known, differing from each other in height and shape of the flower, flowering time and leaf structure.

Siberian iris - description and features

The advantages of Siberian iris are obvious - it is endurance to harsh conditions environment, disease resistance, easy care, color variety and fast growing.

All irises in nature are divided into two groups:

Irises with a beard on the lower petals, that is, bearded.
Irises that do not have a beard, that is, non-bearded.

Siberian iris Iris Sibirica does not have a beard, it has smooth silky petals, a bud of a bizarre shape, quite large. Several peduncles are formed on one stem at once - 2 and 3. The natural shade of the plant is blue-blue. hybrid varieties have big variety colors - white, pink, yellow, red, burgundy, lilac. On the petals of the Siberian iris, two shades can be combined at once.

Thanks to the successful work of breeders, about 800 cultivars have been bred. Fine viable flowers adorn best gardens Europe, Caucasus and Turkey.

Iris Siberian photo and description:

The classic flower consists of six petals, three narrow, directed upwards, and three lower, wider and bent to the bottom.
Near the base of the petals there is a peephole - a contrasting color spot, a border can pass along the petals.
Hybrid varieties may have only wide or only narrow petals, their stems may branch.
The difference between the varieties is manifested not only in the color of the peduncles, but also in their texture. There are Siberian irises with terry and smooth petals, with a corrugated and smooth edge.

main feature Siberian iris is the strength of the stem. Even reaching 100 and 120 cm in height, the plant does not need additional support. There are medium, short and dwarf varieties with different number peduncles. Most of the varieties bloom in June, there are varieties with a late flowering period in July and August. Also allocate remontant varieties, which manage to bloom twice during the warm season - in spring and autumn.

Siberian iris - varietal diversity

Siberian irises photos of varieties and their description:

Siberian iris - planting and care rules

Planting and caring for Siberian iris is not very difficult, the plants bloom generously and beautifully in open areas. The duration of flowering depends on the variety, it can take from 2 weeks to a month. Moderate humidity is the key to rapid spread and lush bushiness. For culture, a neutral soil environment is preferable.

Siberian iris planting:

spring - March and May;
autumn - August and September.

The rules for the autumn planting of irises are a month before the onset of stable cold weather, so that the plants can take root in the open field with high quality. Transplantation and planting of Siberian irises in the spring should be carried out after frost and in well-warmed soil.

Irises love nutritious and loose soil, they need systematic top dressing - after transplantation, at the time of bud formation and after flowering.

Rhizomes and bulbs usually do not deepen, the central kidney always remains on the surface. Plants require careful loosening so as not to touch the delicate roots, watering when the soil dries out, removing dead parts and weeds. With age, the flowering of the bush weakens, so it is necessary to plant the culture in new places.

Siberian iris in landscape design

A variety of varieties of Siberian iris, with the most different shades flower, the height of the stems and the vastness of the bush, allows it to be widely used to decorate any landscape:

Experienced flower growers often recommend dividing and replanting irises. These activities do not allow old plants to grow, help to increase their decorative qualities and extend the flowering period. Without a transplant, bushes can grow in one place for 5 and 10 years in a row.

Siberian irises are popular and multifunctional flowers. They are beautiful, unpretentious and fragrant. These plants are sung by poets, displayed by artists and adored by gardeners. For every garden there is suitable variety. Living beauty can be brought into the house - irises stand for a long time in the cut.

Unpretentious Siberian irises - video

Each new season flower growers are waiting for the beginning of flowering irises. The largest and most spectacular bearded irises most popular and common among gardeners, but these flowers have relatives or competitors - Siberian irises. The flowers of Siberian irises are less pompous, they are smaller in size and there are no conspicuous beards on the three bent outer petals.

The flowering time of Siberian irises falls on May - June, depending on the variety, and lasts about two weeks. Beardless Siberian irises form a lush bush, flowers on thin peduncles rise above the leaves, they are like white, blue or blue butterflies, as if fluttering over lush greenery in a light breeze.

Rod Iris (iris) has up to 800 species of perennial rhizomatous plants, it belongs to the family of iris or iris. This family also includes other flowering plants. ornamental plants- gladiolus, tigridia, montbrecia, crocus, etc.

Group of Siberian irises based on three natural types: Siberian iris (irissibirica), iris oriental or blood red (irissanguinea), also horn-leaved iris (iristuphifolia). Now many varieties have been created with dark purple, white and yellow flowers. The most popular varieties of irises are: white - White Swirl, Weiser Orient, Snow Cross; blue - Mountain Lake, Cambridge, Baikal, Blue Cape; dark purple with a purple tint - Violet, May Love; yellow - Butter and Sugar.

Perennial garden flowers - Siberian irises, have natural natural beauty, their graceful flowers and green sheaf narrow leaves, great for creating flower beds in landscape style. Siberian irises look good next to a pond, their flowers, like moths hovering over greenery, will be picturesquely reflected in the water. Irises look good in rockeries, a group on the lawn or in company with other garden plants. perennials- badan, catchment area, hosta, astilba.

A good quality of Siberian irises is their resistance to diseases, they are not susceptible to bacteriosis, which easily affects showy bearded irises. They even recommend planting Siberian irises on the infected area, after 3-4 years the soil will improve and bearded irises can be planted on it again.

Planting irises.

Siberian irises are moisture-loving, but they do not like damp places with marshy ground and where water accumulates in spring with snowmelt or after rain.

Siberian irises - unpretentious perennial garden flowers are very winter-hardy, grow rapidly and bloom profusely every year. These qualities make them an excellent choice for growing in northern areas.

The place for planting Siberian irises should be the sunniest, most open, with fertile, moderately moist soil.

It is easy to propagate Siberian irises by dividing the rhizome, their transplantation must be carried out in early spring or at the end of summer - August. Without division, iris bushes can grow up to 5-8 years in one place, depending on the variety and planting density. Irises grow very quickly and usually bloom the next year.

For division and transplantation, the rhizome is dug up, washed from the ground and dead areas are removed. Leaves and roots are cut to 1/3. The rhizome is cut into divisions, each part should have 3-5 leaf bundles.

Before planting, the soil is dug up, humus, peat and complex mineral fertilizer are introduced. The rhizomes of Siberian irises, when planted, are buried 5-7 cm from the surface of the earth, while in bearded irises, the rhizome should spread along the surface. The divisions are placed at a distance of 25-30 cm. After planting, the ground is well watered and mulched with peat.

If you do not want to dig out the whole bush, then you can separate part of it by cutting off the rhizome with a shovel. When planting and transporting rhizomes of irises, do not dry them, so before planting, place them in plastic bag with small holes and cover with wet peat.

Siberian Iris Care simple. They are watered more abundantly than bearded irises, especially when the plants are young with an undeveloped root system. Irises should be watered abundantly, but not often, so that the water soaks the ground to the entire depth of the roots. Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied before flowering, and the soil is also annually mulched with humus or compost. In autumn, the leaves are cut at a height of 15 cm.

Siberian irises are perennial, very undemanding plants growing in almost any soil. With their powerful root system, they not only improve physical properties soil, but also rid it of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. By planting these plants, you kind of disinfect your land.

Site selection

Since frequent transplants of Siberian irises are laborious and undesirable, before planting, you should consider their placement and find the most optimal ones.
The most important thing in choosing a place is the illumination of the site. For some reason, it is generally accepted that Siberian irises should be planted in the shade. In fact, they grow best in well-lit areas. When landing in a very sunny place will rarely be useful standing trees and shrubs that give a light shade, but in this case you can not plant irises close to them, because. tree roots dry up the soil. Optimal distance 2 m.
For irises planted in partial shade, flowering is delayed by a week compared to the same variety, but growing in a sunny place. In heavily shaded areas, irises will grow but not bloom.
Site moisture is important. "Siberians" are not so fond of moisture, as is commonly believed. They withstand flooding in the spring with meltwater, but do not grow in water. On excessively moist soils, drainage is required for their planting. They can also grow in elevated dry places, but then they should be watered frequently, especially during the flowering period.
Unlike bearded irises, Siberian irises are wind resistant. They can be planted in areas open to all winds. Bushes with powerful foliage and strong peduncles perfectly resist the wind.

The soil

Neutral or slightly acidic soil works best. Lime and sand should be added to acidic and heavy soils, and peat should be added to alkaline soils. If you have a light loam, and even rich in humus, then your land is the best suited for growing "Siberians".
Sandy soils are the poorest. and moisture, nutrients quickly leave it. It is not easy to adapt such soils, but it is possible - by introducing peat, clay, compost, manure, humus into them.
On the peat soils irises also do not grow well, because. they are too waterlogged and very acidic, but even in such areas these plants can be grown by making drainage and adding lime.

Landing

Before planting, it is necessary to dig up the ground and carefully select weeds, especially such as sow thistle, wheatgrass, gout, bindweed, horsetail. highly developed root system Siberian irises forms a very dense turf, but even its rhizomes of wheatgrass "stitch" through. It may be that to get rid of weeds, the site will have to be treated with a roundup - it is advisable to do this in advance, a year before planting.
Boarding is possible and spring and autumn. They are transplanted in the summer 2-3 weeks after flowering. In the spring they try to plant them as early as possible: at the beginning of the growing season, when young leaves have just appeared and the plants have barely begun to grow; if transplanted later, the regrown tender roots will be damaged, and the plant will hurt.
In summer, an indicator for transplantation is the regrowth of young roots. They usually appear 2-3 weeks after flowering. Immediately after flowering, faded flower stalks should be cut out - then there will be more strength for rooting, they will not be used to ripen the seeds.
In autumn, they should not be planted too late: it takes a month with positive air temperatures to take root.

Before planting, the leaves and roots are cut by a third to reduce evaporation. Unlike bearded irises, Siberian rhizomes are deepened by 3-5 cm. If the roots have dried up during transplantation, then they should be soaked for several hours in water with some kind of growth stimulant (heteroauxin, root, potassium permanganate). You can leave them in the water even overnight.

In well-dug soil, holes are made so deep that the roots do not bend when planting. Then the pits are filled with fertile soil and compacted around the plant, watered.

You can plant in an accelerated way:
The blade of the shovel is driven vertically to the full depth, then the stalk of the shovel is taken 30-40 degrees to the side and the iris is planted in the gap formed. After that, they pull out a shovel, fall asleep and compact the earth around the roots.
It is advisable to mulch the soil surface to a height of 3-5 cm with peat, compost or mowed grass - this prevents moisture loss in the soil.
After planting, the delenki should be shaded from the scorching sun if the planting was carried out in the summer. To do this, it is enough to stick broken branches of any trees with leaves into the ground in front of the planted irises.

Watering

Watering is required, but you should be aware of the acidity of the water. Generally, water has an acidity above 7 and so it will gradually increase the acidity of the soil. To prevent this, you can add sulfur to the soil before planting or water the plants with an aqueous solution of ferrous sulfate (30 g per 10 liters of water). Light green with yellow color of the foliage will tell you that the acidity of the soil has exceeded 7.5-8.0. This prevents the access of nitrogen, and the foliage begins to turn yellow.
"Siberians" will grow well only where the soil under them always remains cool and moist. You don't have to fill them up every day. Moisture can be achieved by mulching the soil with a layer fresh cut grass or pine-spruce needles. In addition, such a simple technique will also save plantings from weeds.
It is necessary to water quite often, it is better to do this early in the morning (no later than 11) or in the evening. At the same time, one must try to ensure that drops of water do not fall on the flowers - otherwise their decorative effect will disappear.

Fertilizers and top dressings

In early spring, when the snow has not yet completely melted, but the bushes are already visible, they should be fed with full mineral fertilizer("Kemira wagon"), scattering it around the bushes at the rate of 60-80 g per bush.
In early May, it would be nice to do preventive spraying with insecticides against pests waking up from hibernation: winter cutworm, thrips, sawfly.
It is advisable to give a second top dressing before flowering, so that it is more lush. Can be used for this purpose as organic (compost, slurry, fermented grass) and mineral fertilizers.
The third time it is worth feeding after flowering. Iris bushes are shed with soluble phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, in which nitrogen is present in minimal quantities (or better without it at all).

pruning

In late autumn, the leaves are cut at a height of 12-15 cm. Do not cut the bush too early. Green leaves store nutrients, and thanks to them, flower buds next year. Early cutting of leaves can lead to poor flowering the next year.