Make a burner. Charger and do-it-yourself wood burning

Among the tools home master necessary for apartment renovation and creative activity, it is required to have sets of combined purpose.

They allow you to perform various operations, create unique items for interior decoration.

Selected in the article practical advice how to make a universal car with your own hands Charger with smooth regulation of the current value and it is safe to carry out the original wood burning with it, using ordinary nichrome wire.

They are fortified detailed diagrams, photos and videos.

How does the battery charge

The car's battery, feeding on-board instruments and lighting, is discharged. When the engine is running, it is recharged due to the fact that banks with a total voltage of 12 volts are supplied from the generator through a relay regulator of electricity direct current with a potential difference of 13.8÷14.5 volts.

The power of the running generator significantly compensates for the energy loss of the battery. But not completely. Some part of its capacity is not replenished by the incoming charge current. It depends on a lot of conditions that affect different modes work created by the movement of the car.

Therefore, periodically the battery needs to conduct a control-training cycle that restores the initial capacity. It is performed on the charger.

Most cars it is enough to maintain a battery charge current of 5 amperes and be able to raise the voltage to 15 volts. It is not at all difficult to buy a charger, but we suggest making it yourself.

To have a small power reserve, we use the design of a device capable of delivering a voltage of 24 volts and a current of 10 amperes. It can also be used for other purposes. We talk about them in the last part of the article.

Universal charger

The principle of operation is based on the conversion of the sinusoidal energy of a 220-volt household network into a rectified current, the value of which is regulated by an electronic unit.

Structurally, the scheme consists of three parts:

1. input device 220 volts, supplying voltage to the primary winding of the transformer;
2. power block, made on thyristors and powerful diodes;
3. electronic circuit for controlling the output current.

Let's consider them in more detail. As an example, I will show photos of my own homemade device performed hinged mounting. For the sake of clarity, part protective covers removed.

It was made about 10 years ago. Has proven itself well. And his electrical circuit was lost, and I had to restore it from nature in order to publish it on the site.

To accommodate all the details, a piece of board with rubber soles was chosen to eliminate the slipperiness of the structure on problem surfaces.

220 volt circuit diagram

In the drawing of the charger, the power supply unit is highlighted in light red.

Mounting method

The placement of the terminals and the connection of the wires are made on a getinax plate 5 mm thick. It is located with back side device, which limits accidental contact with live terminals. However, they are additionally closed with a plastic case.

Power supply

A cord with a plug is used, which can be inserted into any outlet. The voltage of 220 volts is supplied to the two extreme terminals. There are four in total:

• the left pair is used to connect the fuse;
• medium - transformer windings;
• right - power buttons for 220 volts.

Fuse

I installed a design taken from a decommissioned tube high-frequency transceiver. You can use parts from an old TV, radio.

Purpose

Serves to protect the charger from accidental short circuits and overloads.

The need to install it was suggested to me by his actions by one driver, who again a month later brought me a factory charger for repair: I had to change the thyristors and diodes of the power unit. It turned out that he checks their work with the old-fashioned method “for a spark”, briefly closing the output contacts ...

How to choose a fusible link

Protection is based on determining the amount of current that provides long work at rated load and short-term overloads up to 10%.

It can be calculated knowing the maximum power consumption and voltage. I had to choose a calibration wire for the fusible link experimentally: pass the test current from the load device through different samples and observe their behavior.

The selected wire was soldered inside the body of the glass fuse, and the stock made was put aside for storage.

Button

For continuous operation of the charger, a stationary jumper is simply installed on its terminals. It securely shunts the contacts.

The self-returning button is designed specifically for the wood burning mode. It is mounted on the handle of the nichrome string holder and requires constant holding during operation. If the finger is taken away, then the voltage is immediately removed from the entire device.

I believe that such a technique increases If a person slips or accidentally gets into an unpleasant situation, then the reflex movement of the hand discards the objects that are in it. The voltage of 220 volts is automatically removed from the operating electrical equipment.

I did the same with mine, removing the long-term work button from it.

Power LEDs

They are designed to indicate the voltage applied to the charger, located on the front and rear sides of the unit, connected in parallel through a common resistor.

Transformer

Immediately, I note that the design was created with a large margin of power. Therefore, its size is increased. You can create a smaller charger.

The cross section of the magnetic circuit is 3.3x6.3 cm.

How the calculation was done

Iron has a rectangular profile. Its cross section is 20.8 cm2. It allows you to transmit power of 430 watts.

I have planned a current of 10 amperes and a voltage of 24 volts in the output circuits, that is, a power of 240 watts. Stock is obvious.

I will not take into account the efficiency: it is not critical. A current of 240/220 = 1.1 amperes will flow through the primary coil. This allows you to calculate the diameter of the wire.

d1=0.8∙√1.1=0.84 mm.

The micrometer shows almost a millimeter.

For the secondary winding, the wire diameter is d2=0.8∙√10=2.5 ​​mm.

In the photo, the diameter is 1.8 mm. Area 2.5 mm square. I wound it in two threads, creating a total cross section of 5 squares. Which is quite enough.

I define required amount turns.

ω’=45/20.8=2.16 turns per volt.

In the primary winding there will be 2.16x220 = 475, and in the secondary: 2.16x24 = 52.

Design description

Coils for windings are made of electrical cardboard. They have enough space. The insulation of the wires is made with varnished cloth.

After assembly, 28 volts turned out to be on the secondary winding instead of 24 when power was supplied to 220. The approximate calculation method and assembly quality affected.

Power block

Mounting is performed on a getinax plate 8 mm thick. Its design includes:

1. two thyristors KU202N;
2. a pair of diodes D242;
3. output terminals;
4. load current control ammeter.

This brand semiconductor device just at hand. For my purposes, you can do with any other with a lower voltage of 100 volts. The main attention is paid to the current: 10 amperes.

The thyristor is checked by current during operation.

Ten-ampere semiconductors work as part of a diode bridge, acting as a buffer arm for thyristors.

Radiators for semiconductors

Since the loads on the bridge during its operation are large, it is necessary to take measures to effectively remove heat from it. Therefore, I place diodes and thyristors on radiators with a free air supply to them.

For the diodes, factory-made radiators came up, and for the thyristors, I had to do the cooling myself from a thick aluminum bus.

The first photo shows that factory clamps from the power supply are used for them, which allow you to insert plugs with wires into nichrome holders or connect flat contact plates with cutouts.

Ammeter

To control the current value, an M494 microammeter, taken from decommissioned equipment, was mounted. His scale for 100 microamps has been changed to a new reading: 10 amps.

For this, a homemade shunt made of a thick brass plate is simply installed on the output terminals.

To calibrate the device, it was necessary to collect wiring diagram loading, adjust the parameters of the shunt.

To this end, I made sure that the current from the load device of 10 amperes, controlled on the scale of the reference ammeter, coincided with the readings homemade device(microammeter with connected shunt) at the scale mark of 100 divisions.

In principle, the scale can be rewritten, but a sticker with the designation 10 A is enough for me. It is easy to calculate, for example, that 50 divisions are five amperes. That is, we simply divide the readings by 10.

During the adjustment of the device, it should be checked at all control points. However, too high accuracy is not required for our measurements.

The shunt itself, when adjusted experimentally, has to be changed in length or width: it can simply be filed with a needle file.

Scheme for controlling the operation of thyristors

The electronic unit of my charger is powered by electrical energy from the secondary winding of the transformer TP1. She is:

• straightens up;
• stabilizes;
• converted by the generator;
• is transformed into two streams;
• is supplied by individual lines to the circuits of the control electrodes of the thyristors.

The principle of operation of such a scheme is described in detail in the article. Check it out. It's the same here, but the differences are in the element base and its settings.

straightening

The circuit uses a diode bridge made by the KTs402Zh assembly. There is no point in specifically looking for it: I used what was nearby. It rectifies a current of 0.6 amperes. This is more than enough for the control circuit to work.

Voltage stabilization

To ensure a stable power level of 22 volts, it was necessary to connect three zener diodes in series. I saw two marks and marked them on the diagram. And I don’t remember the third one, the inscription is erased on the case. In principle, this is not important, because when setting up the charger, you still have to select them yourself or use the KREN assembly.

Phase pulse generator

All parts and their ratings are shown in the diagram. I would like to focus on transistors.

KT203

The pinout and designations are shown in the picture. p-n-p structure.

KT315

Transistor n-p-n structures. Its case can be confused with the KT361 transistor (p-n-p).

pulse transformer

The magnetic conductor is a permalloy ring with an outer diameter of about three centimeters. Three windings are wound on it. I have not experimented with other materials, including ferrite.

Each of the windings contains 50 turns of insulated copper wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm. To save installation time, I wound all the windings at once with one bundle in three threads. At the beginning of each wire, he put on multi-colored cambric, secured them with one knot. In this way, I marked the beginning of each wire, which slightly simplifies the subsequent connection of the transformer leads to the electrical circuit:.

The finished windings were insulated with varnished cloth and covered with a metal casing for protection. The transformer was fixed with a through screw with a nut on a fiberglass board.

Setting up a pulse transformer

When mounted in a circuit, the primary winding is chosen arbitrarily and connected to the output of a phase-pulse generator.

The remaining two windings are mounted taking into account the polarity of its ends. Here, the beginnings of the veins indicated by the nodes will come in handy. Their outputs are used to supply a high-frequency pulse current to the thyristor through the control electrode circuit.

Installation of this section should be done carefully. In order for the scheme to work normally, errors must not be made. If there is an oscilloscope, then they should compare the correspondence of the signals produced by the primary winding and the polarity of the pulses arriving at the control electrode of each thyristor. This will facilitate the normal regulation of the amount of current through the terminals of the power unit.

Red-hot nichrome is quite unique cutting tool. It burns, but does not saw - cuts wood, passes through it in any direction.

When setting operating modes, it is important to decide on:

• safety equipment;
• method of mounting the wire to the terminals of the load device;
• methods of heating it to a red-hot state.

About security

Possibility of fire

Working with a hot wire is comparable to using an open fire. It produces a lot of smoke.

If there are flammable substances nearby, they may ignite. Therefore, it is necessary to follow the rules fire safety Have a fire extinguisher and other fire fighting equipment handy.

When work is carried out in the workshop, an effective ventilation and smoke extraction system is needed. Easier to equip workplace on the outdoors away from flammable items. It will not have an extra reserve tank with water and a bucket, sand to extinguish the fire.

Wire handling

It is always necessary to take into account the fact that red-hot nichrome can accidentally touch the human body. To avoid this it is necessary:

• work only in a stable position;
• on the feet should be shoes with soles made of anti-slip material;
• protect exposed areas of the body with clothing;
• constantly monitor the created trajectory of the hot wire.

Nichrome connection

The convenience of working with a burner depends on the method of attaching the nichrome wire to the electrode holders. For a home craftsman, the easiest way to make this knot is with a screw clamp with a wing nut.

Filament current

The length of the nichrome wire depends on the technology used, it can vary within different limits. A short thread is used for small, precise work, and a long one allows you to quickly cut large workpieces.

The thickness of the nichrome also affects the magnitude of the current. Usually you have to work with the wire that you managed to purchase.

In all these cases, it is necessary to set the current of the charger, which heats the nichrome to a state that can easily burn wood. Its value is affected electrical resistance connected area. Since it changes, it is necessary to regulate the load on the charger according to the color of the hot metal and control the current value using the ammeter.

About cutting technique

In practice, two technologies are common:

1. creating a cut perpendicular to the main plane of the workpiece;
2. cutting out parts oblique angle to the surface of the treated wood.

Perpendicular cut

A blank with a prepared pattern is fixed on a workbench or rack. Pay attention to the fact that the area of ​​wood being processed completely extends beyond the edges of the desktop.

The nichrome thread is hung on the main holder and placed in a vertical direction. To do this, a weight of about 300 grams is mounted on the bottom of the wire on the contact mount. Its role is to stretch the string to a straight line.

The wire is brought to the marking line, voltage is applied to the nichrome and the workpiece is processed with the up and down movements of the string.

Figure cutting

The wooden blank is fixed in a vice or clamp. On it, through stencils prepared in advance, a drawing of the future pattern is applied.

The nichrome wire through the holders, captured with both hands, is brought to the wood. Voltage is applied to the thread and sections are performed with reciprocating movements.

The surface of the wood treated with red-hot nichrome has a uniform black color. It can be left in this form or removed to a natural shade of annual rings that create a pattern on the tree. Coating with stain or varnish gives the workpiece a finished look.

Aslan Ozdoev demonstrates unique wood burning techniques at the Ax festival in Tomsk with his video. I recommend watching it carefully.

There is nothing super complicated in such work. You, too, can make similar things with your own hands.

Hello! Are you ready to craft? Today we will make a wood burner with our own hands from improvised materials. Despite the simplicity of the design and materials from which we will make a wood burner, it has enough power to burn a hole in a piece of wood 1 cm thick.

It will be a pocket burner that runs on a 2A phone charger. If you need to quickly put an inscription or logo on a tree, as well as try your hand at prygraphy, do not rush to the store. Use this instruction, spend a little time, and assemble a pocket wood burner from improvised materials.

We'll need

• Phone power supply (at least 2A)
• Needle from a syringe
• sewing needle
• Wooden skewer (sushi stick)
• Heat shrink
• Soldering iron, flux, solder

We make a wood burner with our own hands

So, you have made sure that there is a list of necessary parts in every home. And if something is missing, contact your neighbor, he definitely has it.

Bite off the tip of the needle from the syringe. And bite off the eye of the sewing needle.

Clip on wooden stick, using a thread, two needles parallel to each other. Leave the lower ends of the needles open, we will solder the wire from the charger to them.

Bend the sewing needle so that it just touches the needle from the syringe.

Apply flux and tin the needles as shown in the photo.

Bite off or disassemble the charger connector. We need a red and black wire (plus and minus). Solder the red and black wire to the needles, polarity doesn't matter.

The wood burner is almost ready. Use heat shrink or electrical tape to insulate the contacts.

Conclusion

So we figured out how to make a wood burner with our own hands. There are burners different types and varying complexity. Today we have collected the simplest and most cheap option. At the same time, we used readily available improvised materials and did not spend a lot of time.

1. Preparatory work
2. Assembly process

Pyrography, or wood burning, is a fascinating, interesting hobby. It is mastered by those who love art. The writings that first mention fire-scorched patterns date back to 700 BC. e. The burning apparatus was invented at the beginning of the 20th century. The first devices were made from a glass container, supplemented by two rubber tubes. At the end of one of the tubes was attached a rubber ball for pumping air, at the end of the other there was a platinum tip connected to the handle.

In the middle of the 20th century, a new type of electric burner appeared, which became the prototype of the modern apparatus. The original kind of applied art became available to children.

The design has undergone significant changes since then. Manufacturers install a power regulator. With it, you can smoothly adjust the temperature of the working needle. This allows you to apply a pattern on any material at hand. On sale you can find models with large quantity nozzles. Due to different-sized nibs, it is possible to form strokes different sizes, to give the picture volume.

Despite a sufficient choice among factory devices, many craftsmen want to make a wood burner with their own hands. Mostly experienced artists resort to this..

Often problems are found on the part of the built-in transformer, you have to solve the problem yourself.

Some masters want to supplement the existing simple burner with a special device with which you can adjust the degree of heating of the needle. The article provided practical guide on assembling a mini-burner for wood from improvised means.

Development of an electrical circuit

When assembling a homemade burner, you must have knowledge in the field of radio electronics. This will allow you to develop an electrical circuit. If there are no skills in this area, you can use the scheme below.

The scheme can be simple or quite complex, designed according to the requirements of the developer. The task is to choose the most acceptable option, to implement it in practice.

Preparatory work

Before you make a burner, you need to plan the process, collect necessary materials, fixtures. The set of components depends on what type of device is planned to be made.. If you need a burner with temperature control, you will have to find a dimmer, dimmer, or a mechanism similar in functional direction. You also need to prepare:

• sewing needle;
• needle removable from the syringe;
• power unit;
• soldering device.

To work, you need to take an old charger from mobile phone. For a homemade burner, the power supply from the iPhone is well suited. Its output voltage is 5.1 V and 2 A. H the more powerful the charger or battery pack, the better . If there is no such device, you can use a charger for a screwdriver or other similar compact tool that does not work or is not used due to uselessness. You also need to find a barbecue skewer, high-strength threads, flux, solder on the farm or buy in a store.

The needle is one of the main elements of a homemade wood burner. Her choice should be approached responsibly. It depends on this detail how sophisticated the ornament will be, a miniature silhouette applied to wooden surface. Recommendedgive preference to a thin and sharp needle. A good option- medical needle. It will heat up to the maximum temperature, evenly warm up the sewing needle, which will burn the pattern on the material being processed.

Assembly process

First you need to take round pliers or locksmith pliers. With their help, the nose of a medical needle is bitten off. Then, strictly parallel, two needles are attached to a barbecue skewer, fixed with a strong thread. The end of the sewing needle is gently bent until it lightly touches the tip of the medical needle.

Then you need to connect the wires from the charger to the needles. Polarity does not matter, wires can be connected arbitrarily.

In order for the electric burner to serve for a long time and reliably, the joints must be properly processed. To do this, a small amount of floss is applied to them, then they are tinned.

The wires for the burner are soldered alternately, attached to wooden skewers, fixed with threads. Excess protruding ends of the skewers are cut off. For greater reliability, the threads can be treated with superglue, protected heat shrink tube. After this stage, the device is ready, it can be used for its intended purpose.

The figure shows an example of a burner.

The principle of operation of the device does not differ from the principle of operation of the factory apparatus. Despite the fact that charging has only 2 A and 5.1 V, at the time of filing electric current the thin-walled hollow needle from the syringe heats up intensively, transfers heat to the sewing needle. The burner is compact, in practice it shows excellent work, it allows you to apply strokes 10 mm thick on a wooden surface.

To better understand the assembly process, you can watch the video.

Many people today, both adults and children, love to burn wood. This hobby even has its own name - pyrography. This type of art appeared a long time ago, and its essence lies in the depiction of drawings on hard surfaces wood so as to capture the picture for a long time. This requires a heated object that can melt the surface and leave traces.

What materials are needed? Wood is suitable for the basis for the future image, since this material is one of the most inexpensive and pliable to burning.

Undoubtedly, every person at least once in his life had to see the result of pyrography. This word is translated as "image with the help of fire." The drawings look really original.

Like drawing, wood burning is a rather voluminous and painstaking work. To create a masterpiece of pyrography, it is not enough to depict an element or someone's face. It is necessary to convey every stroke, even the most insignificant, displaying the expression of the eyes and mood.

How to make a burner yourself?

To create a burner with your own hands, you will need quick wits and perseverance, since this is not the easiest thing to do, and the scheme is quite confusing. In the manufacture, you will have to use different equipment that is not in the usual sale.

What will we need?

The list of required items depends on what kind of wood burner you want to make. The only thing you need in any case is a nichrome thread. The next required parts are the wire and the battery. Well, if the battery is rechargeable, since permanent job with the device will consume a lot of simple batteries - it will hit your pocket.

There are also some requirements for the wire. A good wire will be the key to your safety, so approach the issue responsibly.

Where can I get a diagram?

You can develop the scheme yourself. We also present several different schemes from elementary to complex. All inventions were calculated according to the requirements of the developer, and you can choose the appropriate option.

It should be noted that each person is individual and has his own character and requirements. There are a lot of options for schemes, so you can try to make your own, even if it is more complicated and demanding than those presented.

Of course, it will be easier for those people who are familiar with the laws of physics and who have encountered electrical circuits to implement their own scheme. If you do not understand this, find information and a picture of the circuits, understand them and find out what works and how.

Where to begin?

You should always start with modeling the burner in your head, and then you need to transfer the drawing to paper. When there are clear ideas, you can start looking for components. This will take a little time, since the main details are available in almost any home. If you need a pyrograph with interchangeable nozzles and temperature changes, things get more complicated.

How to make a simple burner?

Few people have enough time to create a complex burner, so let's consider a simple option.

materials

To assemble this device, you will need the following:

• sewing needle;
• needle from a medical syringe;
• double wire.

The needle is very important as its quality will affect the quality of your masterpieces. It is better to choose a thin and sharp needle. The needle from the syringe will heat up to red when working, and the sewing needle will lightly touch it - this will cause resistance and help warm the needle.

Assembly process

To make a burner, you will need a cap from a syringe needle and a sewing needle with a threaded thread. It is necessary to pierce the cap with a needle and stretch the thread to the end so that the needle lies against the cap. To secure, wrap it with the rest of the thread, and the needle should go beyond the cap and be placed parallel to it.

We return to the syringe part. We do not need a cone-shaped cap - we remove it. We attach the needle to the opposite part of the cap with another thread and a sewing needle. Now we slightly bend the tip of the needle so that it barely touches the sewing needle with its tip. As we said than less area contact, the faster the burner will heat up.

Nutrition

We take a good double wire - it should be stripped on both sides and two holes should be made in the cap to bring the wire out. After that, connect each wire to the needles - screw them as tightly as possible, since the quality of the current flow will depend on this.

For quality and safety, finally secure the wire with electrical tape.

Finally, use an unnecessary button, for example, from an old tape recorder, and a battery. The main thing is not to reverse the polarity, otherwise the device will not warm up.

Summing up

It should be noted that burning today is not just a kind of hobby, but can become a way to earn money. Every day, the demand for burning landscapes and portraits is increasing - this occupation competes with woodcarving. Initially, it was created for a variety of interiors. ancient houses 19-20 centuries. When it was impossible to buy in stores beautiful furniture, it had to be created by hand.

In fact, you can make any kind of wood burner in no time. A drawn drawing or sketch will simplify the assembly process and the creation of the device.

It doesn't matter how complex your device will be - the main thing is to get the tip right. The quality of all created paintings depends on it. If the burner draws patterns on wood as accurately as possible, you can draw images of any complexity.

Exist various ways decoration of the wood surface, one of the simplest and most spectacular is pyrography, or wood burning.

Any piece of wood can be made beautiful and unique by adding just a few contrasting touches.

It is not difficult to become a master of creating masterpieces in the technique of burning. To do this, you do not need to purchase expensive equipment, just buy or make a wood burner.

It's really simple - to create a beautiful and original thing, even artistic talent is not required, any images can be downloaded from the Internet or an album of drawings can be purchased in a store.

Ways to create images

The principle of creating a pattern by burning is that part of the wood is charred, darkens, thereby contrastingly stands out against a general light background. Working with a very thin tool, you can write pictures on wood.

Exist various technologies pyrography, many of them are complex and require special equipment. Among others:

• open flame treatment;
• firing using a clay stencil;
• burning with hot sand;
• friction burning on a lathe.

These are quite complex techniques, but for creating pyrography masterpieces at home, it is best suited electrical appliance. In the device of such a burner for wood, the high temperature of the sting is created due to the flow of electric current through it.

The industry produces various models of burners, so it is not difficult for a novice master to choose the right tool. In addition, having the skills to work with a soldering iron, similar device can be assembled by yourself.

Varieties of burners

Choosing a burner is a responsible matter. It is on its characteristics that the quality of the products obtained largely depends. how professional artists on wood, and novice craftsmen use two main types of devices for burning. These are devices with a wire sting and models with a hard tip.

Hard pen

This device is in many ways similar to the most common soldering iron. Its working part is a sting, which is heated by a nichrome wire hidden under a metal casing. Unlike a soldering iron, the burner is equipped with removable nozzles of various geometries. Depending on the price of the device, their number can reach 20 or more pieces.

The abundance of nozzles allows you to draw strokes of different widths and shapes, and by combining them, create unique images. Hard pen wood burners are characterized by low price, high durability, easy operation. As disadvantages, it is worth mentioning the warm-up time (5 minutes or more), as well as the bulky design with a long handle, which complicates the performance of delicate work.

With wire pen

In wire pen burner devices, the heating wire itself is the working tool. The current is supplied directly to the pen, so the tool is ready for use almost at the moment of switching on. Devices of average and higher price category have a power regulator, which allows you to choose the thermal mode that is optimal for any type of work. The small thickness of the wire used and its bending create a small contact patch with the material, which makes it easy to perform the most delicate work.

The disadvantages of this type of burners include only a relatively high price and complex repairs.

Separately, it is worth noting the string cutter-burner. This is a device that allows using a heated nichrome thread to cut parts from a thin board or sheet material wood based.

How to work correctly

It is easy to see that the working tool of a wood burner resembles an ordinary pencil, and therefore the technique of working with it is not much different from ordinary drawing. It is only important not to forget that the "pencil" is very hot.

The whole process of work can be represented in a few simple steps.

Training

It is necessary to choose a board on which the drawing will be applied. Its surface must be even and smooth. For leveling, the wood is cycled, processed sandpaper.

A good material for burning, especially for a beginner, is plywood. It is cheaper, its surface is almost ready for use, you just need to level it with sandpaper.

drawing

For those who have drawing skills, it is not difficult to cope with such work, moreover, masters can do without a sketch, working immediately as a burner. Beginners can be advised to choose a suitable picture on the Internet, print it and transfer it to the work surface. Here the old time-tested carbon paper comes in handy, you can scale the image by transferring by squares.

For a novice master, it is worth choosing simple drawings, not replete with small details. In addition, it is better to immediately make something concrete, not some kind of abstract plank, but, for example, a plywood microwave stand that can be decorated with floral ornaments.

Burnout

With a heated sting of the burner, they begin to apply a drawing along pre-marked lines. The handle of the instrument is held like a normal pencil.

The drawing begins with the outer contours. Straight lines are performed with quick movements without pressure. It is not difficult to make an accent, to draw a thick line, you just need to slightly reduce the speed of movement of the burner. On curved sections, it is necessary to hold the tool perpendicular to the surface of the plank, avoiding excessive pressure.

Note! If there are several closely spaced lines, you should not try to draw them as quickly as possible, the wood must cool, otherwise the gaps between them may burn out.

The shade of the line can be changed within a fairly wide range. This is easy to achieve by changing the temperature of the tip, the shape of the working tool (in the case of interchangeable nozzles) and the angle of inclination.

Final processing

The finished image is processed with fine-grained sandpaper. After that, they are covered with a layer of furniture varnish, if desired, partially or completely painted.

The simplest homemade burner

To decorate a small board with pyrography or just try your hand at a new business, it is not necessary to buy a professional device.

From a soldering iron or radio components

You can make your own wood burner from a soldering iron. For this, it is better to choose a model with a replaceable sting. Nozzles with the required profile are easy to make from a copper or brass rod.

A practically professional device for burning out can be made according to a scheme with current regulation through the primary winding. To work, you need very few parts: a transformer, several resistors, capacitors and dinistors. The circuit is not particularly complicated, however, the manufacture of the device will require knowledge and skills in working with a soldering iron.

Mini burner

If soldering radio components does not appeal or there is simply no time, you can make a device of the simplest configuration. To make a mini burner you will need:

• unnecessary power supply (charger) from a mobile phone;
• syringe needle;
• sewing needle;
• material for the handle (wooden skewer or brush handle);
• soldering iron and solder;
• shoe thread;
• electrical tape or heat shrink tubing.

The manufacturing process of the burner is not particularly difficult. You should start by preparing a needle from a syringe. The plastic part bites off from it, in this device it will not be needed.

On the wooden handle both needles are attached diametrically opposite. The easiest way to fix them with threads. The sewing needle is gently bent to such an extent that its tip barely touches the tip of the hollow needle from the syringe.

The plug is bitten off from the old power supply, it is also not needed. The ends of the wires are stripped. The wires are soldered to the needles. Polarity doesn't matter. On this, the manufacture of a homemade wood burner is almost finished.

As final touch it is necessary to give the product an attractive appearance and create conditions for convenient operation. The wire is tied to the handle. This can be done using the same thick thread. This design will be convenient and reliable, however, it is worth strengthening the thread with glue, and after it hardens, put heat shrink on the handle or wind electrical tape.

Note! The tip heats up almost instantly. The principle of operation of the device is extremely simple: resistance arises between the needles and the needle from the syringe (due to the fact that it is thin-walled) is heated.

Perhaps, such a burner will not be able to make a picture (insufficient power, not the most convenient sting), but to practice and decorate, for example, cutting board can be done with ease.

CNC burner

The burner will help add originality to the interior, diversify it with products handmade, but not only. On the manufacture of paintings created by fire, you can make good money. landscapes, decorative panels, portraits, household items and kitchenware with elements of burning are in consistently high demand.

Significantly simplify the creation of masterpieces by burning will allow the use of modern technologies. Machine tools with program management have long become commonplace in woodworking and metalworking shops. There are similar solutions for pyrography. Such a burner can be connected to personal computer, transfer the required image to it, it will do the rest itself.

To make a CNC wood burner with your own hands, you will need much more knowledge and materials. Usually for production purposes, such machines are bought. But for those who want to assemble the device on their own, you can use a laser to burn it out.

In general, there are two directions for the development of CNC burners. They differ in the main working tool.

laser burner

As the name implies, the main part of the machine is a laser. It is from this that its main advantages emerge:

• high drawing accuracy due to the small contact patch;
• versatility, the machine can be used when working with wood, leather, films, paper;
• the burner is immune to changes in temperature and humidity.

As disadvantages, one can mention the low speed of the laser burner and the difficulty in rendering halftones. In addition, the cost of such devices is high.

Burner with nichrome thread

Working part this device- Nichrome filament. Actually, this is a unit turned from a conventional wood burner into a more functional and modern device. Its advantages:

• saturation of the picture;
• the machine works on wood and leather;
• high speed of work;
• lack of granularity characteristic of a laser device;
• no harmful radiation.

With all the apparent advantages, it was not without its drawbacks. This burner is sensitive to the microclimate of the room. The slightest change in the basic indicators will entail a decrease in the temperature of the sting, as a result, a decrease in the contrast of the pattern. In addition, the working tool has an extremely low service life.

Pyrography as an art appeared in the 18th century, and since then its popularity has only grown. Classic multiplied by modern technologies gives excellent results. Burnout is worth adding to your list of hobbies, no matter how the work is organized. You can buy a simple device, you can make a wood burner with your own hands, the main thing is that the result pleases, and the process brings pleasure.