We present to your attention the technology of replacing pipelines by hydraulic destruction.

The method of hydraulic destruction of pipelines consists in the destruction of the old pipe, with the simultaneous pulling of a new pipe of greater or equal diameter underground through the old channel, without opening the road surface.

The need for and advantages of the hydraulic fracture method

The destruction method is the most common method worldwide. This technology has found wide application in replacing cast iron, steel, reinforced concrete and other types of pipelines with polyethylene, almost eternal pipes for water supply, sewerage and heating networks.

Objectively, the need for a destruction method is due to the following reasons:

1. City utility networks throughout Russia are worn out by 70-90%. The bulk of the steel and cast iron pipelines simply rotted away. Under these conditions, the development of housing and communal services simply requires a large-scale application of new construction technologies.
2. In cramped urban conditions, there is often simply nowhere to lay communications outside the old pipeline lines. The need for laying communications along old, worked-out routes in our cities is almost greater than the need for laying new pipelines.
3. Gradually, almost everywhere in both large and small towns bans on the opening of the roadway, on works carried out in an open way come into force.

We note the main advantages of this technology:

• work takes place without opening the roadway;
• the pipe is laid along the old channel;
• high pipeline laying speed;
• relatively low cost of work;
• opportunity to increase bandwidth pipeline;

Hydraulic Fracture Method Technology

Work begins with the preparation of the receiving and starting pit.

The most important thing in the preparation of the starting pit is a clear alignment of the destroyer's working machine relative to the pipe being destroyed. The horizon of the machine must coincide with the horizon of the pipe, which imposes certain requirements on the preparation of the surface of the pit, the thrust wall and the cut of the pipe itself: all these elements must be as even as possible. With careful preparation of the pit, it is possible to avoid the movement of the destructive machine in the transverse plane and excessive vibrations. In addition, for insurance against flooding, it is important to prepare the “floor” of the pit by backfilling with crushed stone or laying flooring from boards.

The requirements for the receiving pit are simple - the main thing is to provide a convenient entry for the pipe being pulled in.

It is lowered into the pit with a crane, and the hydraulic oil station that drives it remains on the surface. The length of the hoses makes it easy to accommodate these two main units of the plant.

To work with the destroyer, a steel stop is made. For example, it can be a slab 1.2x2.5 m in size, 15 mm thick. Otherwise, a plant with a pullback force of 50 tons or more would bury itself without finding a sufficient platform to support itself during the destruction of the pipe.

The hydraulic breaker rods are progressively twisted by a special mechanism and pushed through the old pipeline channel to the outlet into the receiving pit. It is important to note that the slope of the pipe channel from the starting to the receiving pit should not exceed 20 degrees, due to the flexibility of the destroyer rods.

After the rods exit into the receiving pit, a breaking head is installed and a pipe is installed behind it through a collet gripper. The destructive knife head is selected based on the outer diameter of the pipe being pulled (for example, 110, 160, 225, 325, 425 mm):

When all the elements are connected, the installation switches to reverse pulling mode and the process of replacing the old pipe with a new one begins:

The destruction occurs simultaneously with the pulling of a new HDPE pipe. Fragments of the old pipe are pressed into the walls of the channel by a destructive head. If the pipe being destroyed is steel, the knife of the breaking head cuts it, and its head opens to the sides. At the end of the destruction process, the destruction head approaches the installation:

The destroyer is moved away from the pipe (their own movement of the rods is used as when pushing through). between the destroyer and old pipe support frame is installed. After that, the destroyer drags the destroying head with a new pipe into the pit:

The thrust frame is pulled out of the pit, the entire towing system is disassembled and dismantled. The new PE pipe is stretched and ready to be connected:

Instead of a conclusion

Ditch Witch® hydraulic breakers make it possible to destroy old pipes while pulling new ones in the most common diameter range in Russia: 110, 160, 225, 315, 425 mm and more.

The advantages of the technology are obvious, but they are most clearly demonstrated by the work already carried out:

For example, to replace 120 meters steel pipe diameter 200 mm polyethylene pipe with a diameter of 225 mm, excluding the time for preparing the starting and receiving pits, it is required six hours of work.

According to the most preliminary estimates, carrying out this work in an open way, followed by backfilling and landscaping, will take from several days (in the absence of landscaping work) up to two weeks or more.

Note that the destruction of a pipe with a diameter of 200 mm is not the most difficult task for the Ditch Witch® destroyer. During such work, the power of the 91-ton destroyer is used by no more than 30%.

City Vodokanals will especially appreciate this method of laying. Other rehabilitation methods, such as pipe-in-pipe technology or the restoration of old pipelines, are not always possible and economically feasible. BUT open way longer, requires more large-scale involvement of equipment and significant labor costs. In the future, you will certainly need to fill the soil and improve the territory. Do not forget the main advantage of all trenchless methods of laying communications - there is no need to block traffic when driving under highways.

On this we will finish. The conclusions are clear to all.

Manager of "DITCH WITCH Systems" LLC,
David Shakhnazarov

Usage: the invention can be used for the destruction of reinforced concrete, when dismantling buildings, rubble, for cutting reinforcement. The essence of the invention: the installation includes an explosive working body 1, communications for supplying fuel 2 to it, an oxidizer 3, an initiator 4, solenoid valves 5, dosing devices 6, containers with components 7, control and monitoring equipment 8. Additionally, the installation is equipped with a node 10 for the formation of a high-temperature, supersonic jet, made in the form of a chamber with centrifugal nozzles low pressure connected to the fuel and oxidizer supply lines - at the inlet, and the Laval nozzle - at the outlet. The chamber is equipped with a cooler. 1 z.p. f-ly, 2 ill.

The invention relates to special blasting in the mining industry and in construction and can be used for the destruction of reinforced concrete, in the reconstruction or dismantling of buildings and structures, as well as for the purpose civil defense, for dismantling blockages, forming openings, etc. when it is difficult or impossible to perform manual rebar cutting operations. Known explosive installations (VGU), with high performance in the destruction of stone oversized and concrete. Closest to the proposed one is an explosive plant, the main elements of which are: a working body, communications for supplying an oxidizer, fuel and initiator to it, electromagnetic valves, metering devices, containers with liquid explosive components (HE), control and monitoring equipment (M. S. Chechenkov "Development of solid soils", Leningrad, Stroyizdat, 1987, S. 180, Prototype). A disadvantage of the known explosive installations is their inability to perform a full technological cycle for the destruction of reinforced concrete, namely, the inability to cut reinforcement after knocking out concrete. This makes it impossible to use VGU for the destruction of reinforced concrete without the use of auxiliary equipment and manual labor. The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to obtain a high-temperature, supersonic jet using the components of liquid explosive explosive installations. The solution of this technical problem will make it possible to destroy reinforced concrete with high productivity and without the use of manual labor. The specified technical problem is solved by the fact that the installation for the destruction of reinforced concrete, including an explosive working body, communications for supplying fuel, an oxidizing agent and an initiator to it, electromagnetic valves, dosing devices, containers with liquid explosive components, control and monitoring equipment, is equipped with a high-temperature , supersonic jet, made in the form of a chamber with low-pressure centrifugal nozzles connected to the fuel and oxidizer supply lines at the inlet and the Laval nozzle at the outlet. In addition, the chamber is equipped with a cooler. The invention is illustrated by drawings:

In FIG. 1 shows a schematic invention of a plant for resolving reinforced concrete;

In FIG. 2 shows the node for the formation of a high-temperature, supersonic jet (vertical section);

The installation for the destruction of reinforced concrete includes an explosive working body 1, communications for supplying fuel 2 to it, an oxidizing agent 3 and an initiator 4, electromagnetic valves 5, dosing devices 6, containers with liquid explosive components 7, control and monitoring equipment 8, additional electromagnetic valves 9 and node 10 for the formation of a high-temperature, supersonic jet. The unit for forming a high-temperature supersonic jet 10 includes a chamber 11 with low-pressure centrifugal nozzles 12 at the inlet and a Laval nozzle 13 at the outlet. The nozzles 12 are connected to the lines for supplying fuel and oxidizer to the explosive working body of the installation for the destruction of reinforced concrete. Chamber 11 is limited by the end surface of the distribution head 14 and inner surface put on the conical part of the cylinder head 15. Cylinder 15 is connected to the distribution head 14 by a thrust nut 16, which is fixed in the cup 17. The latter is rigidly connected to the distribution head 14. The chamber 11 is equipped with a cooler, consisting of a cup 18, put on the outer surface of the nozzle 13. The glass 18 is connected by means of washers 19 and bolts 20 to the stop nut 16. Inside the glass 18 between its inner surface and the outer surface of the cylinder 15 and nozzle 13 an annular cavity 21 is formed, which is a cooler, to which it is supplied through pipelines (not shown) and from which it is discharged coolant. The operation of the installation is carried out as follows. If it is necessary to knock out concrete from a reinforced concrete structure, the explosive working body is positioned at a certain distance from the destroyed surface. Additional electromagnetic valves 9 with the help of control equipment 8 are set to a position in which fuel and oxidizer are separately supplied through communications 2, 3 through dosing devices 6 from tanks 7 to the explosive working body 1. Switching on and off the supply of components is carried out by electromagnetic valves 5, which are controlled produced remotely from the control equipment 8. Flowing continuously from the working body 1 in colliding jets, the fuel and oxidizer are mixed outside it. The initiator is injected into the fuel jet in portions. The oxidizer, fuel, and initiator form a jet of liquid explosive, which is initiated when it hits an obstacle. If it is necessary to cut the reinforcement exposed from concrete, the high-temperature, supersonic jet formation unit is positioned at a certain distance from it. Additional solenoid valves 9 by control equipment 8 are set to a position in which fuel and oxidizer are separately supplied through communications 2, 3 through dosing devices 6 from tanks 7 to low-pressure centrifugal nozzles 12 of the unit for generating a high-temperature, supersonic jet 10. Passing through the nozzles, the components are sprayed into chamber 11 of assembly 10 and are mixed in it, forming a gas-drop suspension of liquid explosive, which is then ignited by a glow plug (not shown). The consumption of components and the design parameters of the chamber 11 and nozzle 13 are selected in such a way that the chemical reaction of oxidation (combustion) of the components does not turn into detonation. The resulting combustion products flow at supersonic speed through the nozzle 13, performing thermal cutting of bare metal fittings. The chamber 11 and the nozzle 13 are cooled with water, which is fed into the annular channel 21 and discharged from it through pipelines (not shown). A high-temperature, supersonic jet makes it possible to cut reinforcement of reinforced concrete elements and burn holes in flat metal plates at a distance of at least 70 mm from the nozzle exit 13 of unit 10. A model sample of a unit for forming a high-temperature supersonic jet was tested in a test site. Tests confirmed its performance (act and illustration of 12 tests are attached). The use of the proposed installation allows you to increase the productivity of work on the destruction or dismantling of buildings and structures made of reinforced concrete, as well as to carry out high-performance and fully mechanized destruction reinforced concrete structures, which is extremely necessary in conditions where it is impossible to perform work on the site manually (for example, in a radioactively contaminated area).

CLAIM

1. An installation for the destruction of reinforced concrete, including an explosive working body connected by communications to tanks for fuel, an oxidizer and an initiator, dosing devices built into the communications and electromagnetic valves connected to control and monitoring equipment, characterized in that the installation is equipped with a high-temperature, supersonic forming unit jet, made in the form of a cylindrical chamber, passing into the Laval nozzle, connected by a cylindrical part to a distribution head, equipped with low-pressure centrifugal nozzles, connected by communications with the fuel and oxidizer tanks through additional electromagnetic valves, in turn connected by communications to the control and monitoring equipment. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical chamber is equipped with a cooler.

The invention relates to hydraulic structures and explosive technology, and in particular to the destruction of ice on rivers during ice drifts. The installation includes a support platform, supply gas pipelines, an electric discharger in contact with the cable. On the support platform, a tubular rod connected to the gas pipelines is pivotally fixed, equipped with a return mechanism, a position lock hook and an electric discharger fixed at the end of the rod. The support platform is provided with a protective fairing, anchors and a grip of the position lock, made in the form of a rigid bracket fixed on the support platform and an elastic latch equipped with a tension cable. At the same time, the tubular rod is made in the form of a package of pipes connected to the supply gas pipelines through flexible pipes, an air collector and a combustible gas collector, and at the outlet of the pipe package, the latter are equipped with check valves. The package of pipes is made of pipes of the same diameter, fixed with ties, while three pipes are for combustible gas, and two are for air. The return mechanism is made in the form of a pair of torsion springs with hooks fixed on the coupler and on the support platform. The electric arrester is made in the form of an elastic steel ruler with connectors fixed in the perforations of the latter with electrodes of the supply cable. Technical result is to prevent the formation of ice jams, increase the level of safety, productivity when crushing large ice floes during ice drift, reduce energy costs and improve environmental friendliness. 6 w.p. f-ly, 8 ill.

The invention relates to explosive technology, namely to the destruction of ice on rivers during ice drifts.

The prevention of ice jams that initiate floods is largely solved by the destruction of large ice floes and ice fields. However, such measures are time-consuming, often associated with significant danger to people, environmentally harmful and burdened with significant transport costs. The use of the river flow as a mechanism for moving ice fields to the destruction zone is the most economically preferable, and the use of gas mixtures for explosions is the most environmentally friendly in all blasting operations.

A device is known for reducing the load on hydraulic structures from the action of ice, including lines for supplying explosive gases into the under-ice space through outlet pipes and a means for igniting gases, while the means for igniting gases is made in the form of an additional line with outlet pipes connected to a source of initiating explosion gas, while the outlet pipes of the lines are made of elastic material and are placed vertically above the lines /SU A.C. No. 1629400, 1991/.

This device involves the use only on hydraulic structures with slow-moving ice masses, which is inefficient and does not solve the problems of congestion in the riverbed, especially at turns and shallows, the device is low-tech and low-ecological, because involves the use of fluorine oxide.

A device for breaking ice on water is known, including an explosive gas mixture generator, an electric pulse generator, an explosive container, characterized in that the explosive container is made in the form of a roll of a tubular gas-tight shell connected at one end to the explosive gas mixture generator by a gas pipeline, and at the other the end is sealed, while pyro-igniters are placed inside the explosive container, and an exhaust cable is fixed outside. /RU Patent No. 2322548, 2005/.

The known device is inefficient, involves the presence of people in the preparation of the explosion on the surface of the ice cover, does not solve the problem of ice destruction during ice drift.

The closest is the installation for the destruction of ice during ice drift, including gas pipelines connected to sources overpressure, an electric discharger with a high voltage source, one gas pipeline is connected to a source of excess pressure of combustible gas, and the other to a source of excess air pressure, and the second ends of both gas pipelines, together with an electric discharger, are fixed on an installation site fixed at the bottom of the reservoir, while the electric discharger is made in the form elastic rod with the possibility of contact with the lower plane of the ice, equipped with discharge electrodes and connected by a cable to a high voltage source. /RU Application No. 2002107060/.

The known installation is not technologically advanced in use and storage and in standby mode, is not economical enough and does not provide a high degree of use of an explosive gas mixture, and is limited applicable to initiating a series of small explosions along moving ice fields.

The objective of the invention is to prevent the formation of ice jams, while increasing the level of safety, manufacturability and productivity when crushing large ice floes, moving ice fields during ice drift, reducing energy costs and improving environmental friendliness.

The problem is solved by the fact that in an installation for breaking ice during ice drift, including a support platform, supply gas pipelines, an electric arrester in contact with the cable, according to the solution, a tubular rod connected to the gas pipelines is pivotally fixed on the support platform, equipped with a return mechanism, a position lock hook and fixed at the end of the rod electric discharger, the support platform is equipped with a protective fairing, anchors and a grip of the position lock, made in the form of a rigid bracket fixed on the support platform and an elastic latch equipped with a tension cable, while the tubular rod is made in the form of a package of pipes connected to the supply gas pipelines through flexible pipes, a collector air and combustible gas collector, and at the outlet of the pipe package the latter are equipped with check valves, at the same time, the pipe package is made of pipes of the same diameter, fixed with ties, while three pipes are for combustible gas, and two are for air, the return mechanism is made in in in the form of a pair of torsion springs with hooks fixed on the coupler and on the support platform, and the electric discharger is made in the form of an elastic steel ruler with connectors fixed in the perforations of the latter with the electrodes of the supply cable, while each electrode is shielded by a protective conductive visor fixed on the steel ruler.

The distinguishing features are:

On the support platform, a tubular rod connected to gas pipelines is hinged, equipped with a return mechanism, a position lock hook and an electric discharger fixed at the end of the rod (ensuring the supply of an explosive mixture of gases directly under the edge of moving ice and the reliability of ignition of even small explosive volumes, the efficiency of gas mixture consumption);

The support platform is equipped with a protective fairing, position lock grip and anchors (ensuring reliability, durability of operation, increasing the manufacturability of use);

The latch grip is made in the form of a rigid bracket fixed on the support platform and an elastic latch equipped with a tension cable (improving the manufacturability and safety of the process of transformation from standby mode to working condition);

The tubular rod is made in the form of a package of pipes connected to the supply gas pipelines through flexible pipes, an air collector and a combustible gas collector, and at the outlet of the pipe package the latter are equipped with check valves (providing the necessary performance when supplying the gas mixture, increasing the reliability of operation);

The package of pipes is made of pipes of the same diameter, fixed with ties, while three pipes are for combustible gas, and two are for air (increase in manufacturability, reliability of operation, the ability to automatically fall into the optimal stoichiometric ratio of the supplied gas mixture at the same pressure of the latter);

The return mechanism is made in the form of a pair of torsion springs with hooks fixed on the coupler and on the support platform (increase in manufacturability, transformation from the "waiting" mode to the working state, "reliability of copying" the lower surface of the ice floes);

The electric arrester is made in the form of an elastic steel ruler with connectors fixed in the perforations of the latter with electrodes of the supply cable, while each electrode is shielded by a protective conductive visor fixed on the steel ruler (increased reliability of operation during gas mixture explosions, durability of the electric arrester assembly).

Thus, the claimed solution meets the criterion of "novelty".

Comparison of the proposed solution with analogues did not reveal in them the features that distinguish the proposed solution from the prototype, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 - installation in side view, figure 2 - installation in top view, figure 3 - section along A-A installations in the "standby" mode, Fig.4 - return mechanism, view B, Fig.5 - check valve, Fig.6 - installation in the "standby" mode, side view, Fig.7 - electric discharger assembly, Fig.8 - section along V-V electric discharger.

The installation for breaking ice contains a support platform 1 with a protective fairing 2 and anchors 3, a cable 4 supplying a gas pipeline 5 of combustible gas, an air gas pipeline 6, flexible pipes 7, an air collector 8 and a combustible gas collector 9, supports 10, a return mechanism 11 with hooks 12, a tubular rod 13, a hook 14 of the position lock, an electric discharger 15, couplers 16, 17, 18, an elastic ruler 19, connectors 20 with electrodes 21, protective conductive visors 22, a check valve 23 with perforated windows 24, a spring 25 and a ball 26, latch catch 27 with a rigid bracket 28, an elastic latch 29 and a tension cable 30.

Installation for the destruction of ice during ice drift is used as follows.

Pre-autumn, before the formation of the ice cover, the installation in the assembled state is connected to the cable 4, the supply gas pipeline 5 of combustible gas and the gas pipeline 6 of air, and in a compact form it is installed on the bottom of the river in the “waiting” mode position and the support platform 1 with a protective fairing 2 is fixed with anchors 3 It is possible to strengthen the installation for the destruction of ice from the surface of the ice cover through the hole in front of the ice drift. The supply gas pipelines 5, 6 are connected to the system of supply receivers on the shore, and the cable 3 is connected to high voltage sources (not indicated). Tension cable 30 is displayed along the bottom of the river to the shore.

Before the start of the ice movement, the installation is brought out of the “standby” mode by tensioning the cable 30 with bending the elastic latch 29 from the bracket 28 and releasing the hook 14 of the position lock. The return mechanism 11 raises the tubular rod 13 on the hinge of the support 10 almost to a vertical position by hooks 12. The supply gas pipelines 5, 6 are purged with combustible gas and air, respectively, with the latter entering the flexible pipes 7, collectors 8, 9 and further into the tube bundle of the rod 13. When ice moves along the surface of the river, the ice floes tilt and immerse the tubular rod 13 under the ice, while elastically the torsion springs of the return mechanism 11 are deformed and the electric discharger 15 begins to slide along the lower surface of the moving ice floe. In this case, the elastic ruler 19 provides a constant clamping of the electric discharger, and the protective conductive visors 22 protect the connectors 20 with the electrodes 21 from damage. When the installation position is reached, close to the central area of ​​the ice floe, the pressure in the supply system rises to the value of the operation of the check valves 23 and a portion of combustible gas and air, dispersed through the perforation windows 24, is mixed to a high-quality explosive mixture. The resulting volumes of the latter explode by applying high voltage pulses to the electrodes 21 and thereby initiating discharges between the electrodes and protective conductive peaks 22. check valves 23, operating in the critical pressure zone, are equipped only with steel parts - a spring 25 and a ball 26. The supply of portions of the explosive mixture can alternate after 5-15 seconds or more (depending on the area and speed of ice fields), and the depending on the thickness of the ice) - from 10 to 200 liters. After the completion of the ice drift, the installation is again transformed into a compact position of the “waiting” mode, and the protective fairing 2 protects the installation from possible impacts of driftwood, snags, etc. until the next ice break.

The installation for breaking ice during an ice drift prevents the formation of ice jams, increases the level of safety, manufacturability and use, productivity when crushing large ice floes, moving ice fields during an ice drift, reducing energy costs and improving environmental friendliness.

Claim

1. Installation for the destruction of ice during ice drift, including a support platform, supply gas pipelines, an electric arrester in contact with the cable, characterized in that a tubular rod connected to the gas pipelines is hinged on the support platform, equipped with a return mechanism, a position lock hook and an electric discharger fixed at the end of the rod.

2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the support platform is equipped with a protective fairing, the grip of the position lock and anchors.

3. The installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the catch of the latch is made in the form of a rigid bracket fixed on the support platform and an elastic latch equipped with a tension cable.

4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular rod is made in the form of a package of pipes connected to the supply gas pipelines through flexible pipes, an air collector and a combustible gas collector, and at the outlet of the pipe package the latter are equipped with check valves.

5. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the package of pipes is made of pipes of the same diameter, fixed with ties, while three pipes are for combustible gas, and two are for air.

6. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the return mechanism is made in the form of a pair of torsion springs with hooks attached to the coupler and on the support platform.

7. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric discharger is made in the form of an elastic steel ruler with connectors fixed in the perforations of the latter with the electrodes of the supply cable, while each electrode is shielded by a protective conductive visor fixed on the steel ruler.

Destroying, creating (Part 1)

Attached equipment for the destruction of buildings and structures

In order to stay afloat in the current difficult economic environment, construction companies are seeking to expand the scope of their activities. One of the ways is to carry out demolition of buildings and structures.

This is enough profitable business. The volume of construction in cities is constantly growing, and with them the number of demolished, obsolete buildings is growing. For destruction, mainly specialized excavators are used, which have a number of differences from their earthmoving "brothers". The machine is necessarily equipped with an increased power hydraulic system, a heavier, more powerful track frame and reinforced elongated boom and stick. The cab is equipped with FOPS or FOGS protection. All this is necessary for the machine in order to effectively destroy strong walls and ceilings made of brick and concrete.

When conducting dismantling works formed a large number of waste. In the West, the recycling of this construction debris has long been a source of additional income for the contractor company, since waste disposal there is very expensive. In Russia, the disposal and recycling of construction waste are still more costly processes than the removal of construction waste and its disposal in landfills. However, work to tighten laws to protect environment gradually change this situation. Recycling construction waste allows you to get secondary building materials right on the spot. First, steel reinforcement is separated from concrete and brick. Then, secondary crushed stone is obtained from the battle of concrete and brick by crushing. Crushed stone can be used to fill the pits that remain from old buildings, underground voids, or use it to build a pillow for the foundation of a new building, the base of a roadway or a parking area. Recycled materials can be sold directly at the site of dismantling, and buyers pick up the goods themselves.

Specialized excavators are equipped with special attachments for the destruction of buildings and for the subsequent processing of construction waste, which increases the efficiency and productivity of the machines.

The human factor has not been canceled

You can choose the most modern equipment for destruction and demolition, but if it ends up in the hands of an unskilled operator, all costs will be in vain.

What the operator must do:

• wear protective clothing when he leaves the cab of the machine, and work continues around him, as well as when replacing attachments, connecting / disconnecting hydraulic hoses, regular maintenance, topping up fuel and oil;
• before starting work, check the serviceability of the working equipment and the entire machine, in case of detection of damage, leakage in the hydraulic system, excessive wear, etc., malfunctions must be immediately eliminated;
• check out the place future work and check the condition of the soil on the site where the machine will stand;
• it is not recommended to operate the machine on a sloping surface, this is especially true when the work equipment must be used at long reach of the boom, as this shifts the center of gravity of the machine and it may become unstable, and the boom is subjected to high loads ;
• avoid driving the excavator on an inclined plane, but if this cannot be avoided, you should move down or up the slope, but not across, attachments at the same time, it should be lowered as low as possible to the ground;
• manipulate the controls of the machine smoothly, avoiding sudden movements, so as not to disturb the stability of the machine;

• know and do technical requirements the manufacturer of the excavator in terms of allowable workloads, the weight of the attachment and take into account the approximate weight of the materials that the machine lifts or moves during operation;
• position the implement parallel to the tracks above the front idlers when transporting and using attachments in order to ensure maximum stability of the machine, in this position the machine can quickly and safely reverse in case of falling fragments of a destructible structure that could damage the machine;
• make sure that during operation the tool is not located in line with the excavator boom, since the broken off fragments of the building can roll onto the boom and the machine cab, when using hydraulic shears, make sure that they cut the material in a perpendicular plane, otherwise a torque is created that turns the hydraulic shears and their attachment to the boom handle, and the service life of the hydraulic shears is significantly reduced;
• try to ensure that the tool of the hydraulic hammer and the jaws of the hydraulic shears or the grab are always visible to him; for this, it is recommended to position the mounted implement with a downward slope relative to the boom; stop work immediately if work zone he is not visible;

• make sure that the working tool does not get entangled in fittings, wires, etc. elements of the structure being destroyed, as this can lead to excessive loads and loss of stability of the machine;
• do not use the working equipment of the excavator as a lifting equipment, unless it is authorized by the manufacturer of the equipment; if it is necessary to move the attachment itself, it is necessary to fasten the slings only to the points specially specified by the equipment manufacturer;
• do not use attachments as a hammer, do not apply strong blows when destroying concrete blocks, this can lead to serious damage to the attachment and the machine, and people working nearby may be injured by fragments bouncing off upon impact;
• while working with attachments, and especially during demolition, keep cab windows and doors closed to avoid injury from flying fragments building structures; broken or scratched window panes should be replaced as soon as possible;
• constantly monitor that there are no people or other vehicles in dangerous proximity to the machine that can be injured or damaged by falling fragments of the building; before doing any work, coordinate your actions with officials responsible for the organization of the workflow; if the operator is not sure about the safety of any action, he should consult with the work manager before performing this operation;
• the lugs into which the steel pins of attachment of the attachment are inserted should be aligned by eye, it is forbidden to check the alignment by touch, with your fingers, as they can simply be cut off; if the steel fastening pin does not fit freely into the socket, in no case should it be forced into it, you need to slightly change the position of the implement so that the holes of the lugs match, and try to insert the fixing pin again.

And now let's take a closer look at the most common types of attachments.

hydraulic hammers

Hydraulic hammers are divided into light and heavy. In the lungs, the impact energy is low, but the frequency of impacts is high. Such hydraulic hammers are used to destroy small structures and crush large debris.

Heavy hydraulic hammers develop high impact power at low frequency and serve to destroy rock and reinforced concrete structures, exposing reinforcement, and hydraulic shears cut it. The drive is carried out through a special hydraulic circuit of the carrier machine, control - using a pedal or lever. First of all, hydraulic hammers are used to destroy massive concrete slabs floors and reinforced concrete columns, although their use for these purposes is gradually decreasing with the advent of more powerful and high-quality hydraulic shears and concrete breakers, the advantages of which are low noise and vibration-free operation.

Depending on the strength of the material being destroyed and its thickness, a replaceable tool is selected for the hydraulic hammer - a hardened conical peak, a chisel or chisel, longitudinal or transverse wedges. The tool acts on the destructible material under the action of an impact mechanism with a pneumoaccumulator filled with nitrogen. If the hammer is used incorrectly, the piston, piston chamber, o-rings and tool wear will accelerate at an accelerated rate. In particular, dry impacts, where the breaker tool is not in contact with the material to be broken, can cause very rapid wear and damage to the breaker.

Hydraulic shears, concrete breakers

hydraulic shears primarily used for cutting rebar and metal structures buildings, as well as for the destruction of concrete. It is especially recommended to use hydraulic shears, if the metal is supposed to be scrapped after the destruction of the structure, metal parts will be immediately cut into segments convenient for transportation with hydraulic shears. For example, it is possible to cut metal structures into segments 6 m long, and then it is convenient to load them on a road train or in Railway carriage. At the metal base, they will already be cut into smaller pieces. The shear can also be used to "finish cut" steel structures on site into pieces suitable for loading into a scrap shredder.

Hydraulic shears can also be used for cutting non-metallic and combined materials, for example car tires with metal cord.

There are also hydraulic shears designed for the destruction of reinforced concrete structures - concrete breakers . They are used to destroy concrete floor slabs, columns and other building structures. The use of this tool is highly efficient and cost-effective, especially when demolishing tall structures and buildings of an inconvenient shape. When the integrity of the concrete structure is broken, the connecting elements are demolished, the structure becomes unstable, especially at points of stress concentration. With the help of a concrete breaker, such an unstable structure can be destroyed from a safe distance, although the use of concrete breakers has some limitations, mainly in terms of the width of the opening of the jaws and their configuration, as well as the length of the excavator boom arm.

Hydraulic concrete breakers can also be equipped with jaws for secondary crushing large pieces and lumps of concrete to sizes convenient for further processing or transportation, as well as for separating steel reinforcement from concrete. Interchangeable jaws with cutters for crushing and grinding concrete and cutting rebar are often used in conjunction with jaw teeth different type and configurations, these combinations allow you to build the tool that is most suitable for these specific working conditions.

All tools that cut steel like scissors do the job faster and safer than an acetylene torch, which is a fire hazard and fills the room with toxic smoke.

Hydraulic shears cut both concrete and reinforcement, that is, they destroy reinforced concrete. In this case, fragments of the most different sizes. This operation is called primary destruction.

Secondary destruction is made concrete grinders . This attachment is mounted either on the boom or on the handle of the excavator. However, concrete grinders can also be used for primary demolition.

There are differences between concrete grinders and hydraulic shears: in the former, one jaw is motionless and bent for the convenience of grabbing debris from the ground. Also, hydraulic shears are usually equipped with a 360 ° rotator for ease of operation, a concrete pulverizer may not have the ability to rotate. To more effectively separate materials in recycling, most concrete pulverizers are equipped with blades located at the back of the jaws for cutting rebar and small steel parts. The drive of the movable jaw of the concrete grinder can be hydraulic or mechanical - a rod connected to the “bucket drive” hydraulic cylinder. The back or right jaw is connected through a link to the bottom of the boom handle. Although mechanical type concrete pulverizers are capable of less movement, they are popular with small companies, because they cost less, have fewer moving parts, and require less hydraulic equipment.

In the secondary processing of concrete breakage, concrete chips, reinforcement metal, etc. are separated. This equipment can also be used to crush bricks and concrete fragments in the preparation of material for backfilling a pillow when building a foundation or filling voids in the ground.

When installing a mechanical or hydraulic concrete pulverizer on an excavator, manufacturers recommend consulting with the seller how to select the stroke length of the bucket hydraulic cylinder, which, in particular, depends on what kind of work the tool will be used for, for example, primary demolition or recycling. The hydraulic cylinder is attached to the boom stick on a welded "boss", which usually has three mounting holes.

If the concrete grinder is hung with a quick coupler, it is also necessary to calculate the stroke length of the hydraulic cylinder rod and select the location of the rod attachment. In addition, you should consider whether the parts of the coupling device are made of cast iron or mild steel. If it is intended to use a primary demolition tool, which requires force to pull building fragments, very high loads can be applied to the hitch, which can cause an accident if the metal of the hitch fails.

A concrete pulverizer can help you save a lot of money. For example, one construction company, having received a contract to demolish the building, initially planned to rent a crushing plant to process concrete waste on site. However, economic calculations showed that this crushing plant would have to be used for at least three weeks. When the company purchased a mounted concrete crusher, with which concrete structures were broken off from the building, thrown to the ground and crushed already on the ground, the crusher did its job (and was given to the lessor) within only four days. So, thanks to the use of a concrete grinder, the company saved more than $10,000.

The cutting edges of all tools that cut concrete and steel like scissors are made of wear-resistant material and are bolted or welded. Usually cutting edges can be flipped to opposite side reuse. The clamping force of the jaws is created by a hydraulic drive. To extend the life of such tools, you should use them correctly.

Multiprocessors are universal hydraulic shears, which, thanks to the use of different interchangeable jaws, can be used both as hydraulic shears and as concrete grinders. Purchasing an additional set of jaws is much cheaper than a new hydraulic shear.

Multiprocessors are ideal for working in tight spaces. Thanks to a set of interchangeable jaws, with the help of a universal multiprocessor, you can perform work for which you would have to use several different tools: concrete crusher, concrete grinder, hydraulic shears for cutting various types structures - from fittings to steel tanks.

However, a universal tool is not always optimal choice. In some cases, a specialized tool for working with one material will work with much more productivity and speed than a multiprocessor capable of destroying different materials.

The UZT-100(120) unit is designed for trenchless replacement of failed pipelines by destroying old pipes with the simultaneous laying of new ones with a diameter of 125 mm to 900 mm at a distance of up to 200 m. 1 according to GOST 15150-69 and retains its parameters at ambient temperature from minus 30 to plus 40 ºС.

Advantages of the method

• Reduction of time spent on pipeline replacement;
• The possibility of increasing the flow area of ​​the pipeline;
• Performance of works without destruction of roads and communications.

Carrying out work

The installation is placed in the original pit, after which, using hydraulic cylinders, the rod is pushed into the channel of the replaced pipeline. In the process of pushing the rod is increased by additional sections, attached with the help of special locks. After the end of the rod comes out in given point, a destroyer knife and an expander with a pipe attached to it are attached to it. A new pipe is pulled into the channel of the old pipeline until it exits into the original pit.

Distinctive features of the UZT-100(120) unit:

• Possibility of destruction of pipes from various materials(steel, cast iron, ceramics, asbestos cement, concrete;
• The possibility of replacing pipelines with a diameter of up to 900 mm;
• Maximum broach length - 200 m;
• Possibility simultaneously with tightening a new pipe to introduce rods into the next section;
• Service staff- 3 people;
• For the convenience of mounting the rods, it is additionally possible to complete with a special lifting mechanism;
• The working pressure in the hydraulic system is 25-30 MPa, which allows to significantly reduce the weight and size characteristics and increase the working force of the actuator;
• Can be connected to a hydraulic pumping station additional equipment, for example, a submersible slurry pump for pumping water from a pit;
• Ease of installation and transportation;
• high-quality Swiss Bieri hydraulic components, which significantly increase the service life of the equipment.

The complete set of the UZT-100(120) installation includes:

• Power point;
• hydraulic pumping station with diesel / electric drive, with remote control remote control;
• Block of automatic screwing and rotation of rods for sanitation installation;
• Thrust plate, spacer, head set;
• Set of expanders with grips;
• Set of knives;
• Rods;
• Rod containers.