The best varieties of cherries for central Russia. The best self-fertile and low-growing varieties of sweet cherries for growing in central Russia, planting and care

CHERRY IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF RUSSIA: PROMISING VARIETIES.

Cherry is a traditional stone fruit culture in the Russian garden. It has been cultivated since Ancient Russia. In the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the European part of Russia, a wild-growing species is widespread - steppe cherry or cherry, growing in the form of a low shrub. This cherry has a high winter hardiness, there are often specimens with large fruits, but their taste is too sour, often with astringency and bitterness, so they are of little use for fresh consumption. The best specimens of wild steppe cherries, transferred to gardens, served as the basis for the cultural assortment of cherries in ancient Russian gardens.

In the 11th-13th centuries, southern varieties of common cherry were brought from Byzantium to the southern regions of Ancient Russia, primarily to Kyiv, which arose in culture in Ancient Greece from spontaneous crossing of steppe cherries with sweet cherries. The common steppe cherry differs from the common cherry in the larger size of the tree and much tastier and sweeter fruits. But in terms of winter hardiness, it is significantly inferior to steppe cherry varieties. Byzantine varieties of common cherry were cultivated primarily in the monastery gardens. With the transfer of the grand-ducal capital from Kyiv to Vladimir, this cherry fell into the Vladimir lands. There it proved not to be winter hardy enough and had to be grown with shelter for the winter. When grown together southern varieties common cherries and local varieties of steppe cherries were cross-pollinated, random seedlings grew from hybrid seeds, more or less successfully combining high quality fruits with good winter hardiness. This is how the Vladimir center of cherry culture arose with its own assortment, the best variety of which is considered to be Vladimirskaya or Roditeleva. This cherry was very popular in the 19th century, when large industrial orchards were planted with it, due to the high taste of the fruit. Just such a garden is depicted by A.P. Chekhov in his famous play. But low productivity and small fruit are very significant disadvantages of this variety.

At the end of the 19th century, the local variety Lyubskaya was discovered in the gardens of the southern part of the former Kursk province (now the Belgorod region). It was distinguished by high and regular yields, large beautiful fruits, but their taste was very mediocre, excessively sour and astringent, so that they were suitable only for jam and compotes.

These two varieties Vladimirskaya and Lyubskaya are on long years became the main ones in the cherry orchards of central Russia.

For the first time, breeding work with cherries in our country at the end of the 19th century was started by I.V. Michurin. They have developed more than 10 new varieties. But breeding work with this crop acquired a special scope in the 30-80s of the last century. It was carried out at almost all experimental stations and horticultural institutes in the center of Russia. Many new varieties were created that enriched the previously poor assortment of this crop for middle lane. As a rule, new varieties are distinguished by large fruits of good or excellent taste, high yields, and increased disease resistance. They significantly increased the cherry season: in the south of the Central Chernozem region, it now lasts about 1.5-2 months - from mid-June to the end of July. In a number of late varieties - Lyubskaya, Molodezhnaya, Prima, the fruits are able, after ripening, to remain on the tree for a long time without loss of quality, especially if the weather is dry at this time. This lengthens the season until mid-August or more.

The winter hardiness of Central Russian cherry varieties allows them to be grown in most of the Central region of Russia. Trees without significant freezing endure short-term frosts down to -36° - 38°, and flower buds withstand -33° - -35°. This, of course, provided that the tree is healthy and leaves well prepared for the winter. Premature leaf fall in August - September due to the defeat of coccomycosis significantly reduces the winter hardiness of trees, and then they are damaged by weaker frosts.

We present short description of the best cherry varieties for the Central region of the European part of Russia based on the results of their testing at the Rossoshanskaya Experimental Horticulture Station.

Varieties of early ripening

Kent. This old variety cherry is significantly inferior in fruit quality to the best modern varieties, but continues to be valued for early term maturation, vitality of the tree and its high ecological plasticity. A tree of medium vigor, a crown of medium density, broadly pyramidal in shape, with characteristic shiny elongated oval foliage, by which Kent is easy to distinguish from other varieties. Winter hardiness in the Central Black Earth zone is good, in the south of the Non-Chernozem region it is satisfactory. Productivity is high, reaches 30-40 kg per tree. Fruits are below average, 2.5-3g, rounded, red. The flesh is light red, sweet, with a weak acid, good taste with a tasting score of 4.2 points. Pink juice. This variety in mid-June opens the cherry season in the south of the Central Black Earth Region.

Saratov baby. A new excellent early variety of selection of the Saratov Experimental Horticulture Station. It got its name from the restrained growth of the tree. The crown is rounded, very dense, inside which the fruits are hidden, so the birds cause much less damage to them compared to other varieties. Productivity is high and reaches 20-25 kg per tree, in some years up to 50-60 kg. The fruits are large, 5-6g, in favorable conditions up to 7-8g, flat-round, dark cherry with a characteristic short stalk. The flesh is dark red, medium firm, very sweet with pleasant acidity and cherry aroma, good to excellent taste with a tasting score of 4.8 points. The juice is dark red. Ripening early, a few days later than Kent.

Pren koray. Hungarian early cherry variety, which showed good winter hardiness, productivity and high quality of fruits in the south of the Central Black Earth Region. Tree of medium vigor with a rounded crown of medium density. The yield is good, up to 20-25 kg from an 8-10 year old tree. The fruits are large, 4-5g, under favorable conditions up to 6-7g, flat-round, dark red, with a short stalk. The pulp is red, medium density, with a tasting score of 4.3 points. The juice is red. Ripening early, in the south of the CCR at the beginning of the third decade of June.

Lada. A new variety of selection from the Rossoshanskaya experimental station of horticulture. The tree is medium-sized with a raised crown. Winter hardiness of a tree in the south of the Central Chernozem region is high, flower buds are above average. It begins to bear fruit 3 years after planting in the garden, the yield is high - up to 25 kg per tree, resistance to coccomycosis is average. The fruits are large 4.5-5g, oval, dark red, with a lighter stripe along the seam. The pulp is red, medium density, sour-sweet dessert taste, with a tasting score of 4.8 points. The juice is red. The fruits are mainly intended for fresh consumption. They ripen in the last decade of June, a few days later than the Saratov baby.

Rossosh black. The variety was bred at the Rossoshanskaya Experimental Horticulture Station in the 60s of the last century and gained great popularity. The tree is medium-sized, 2.5-3m high, the crown is raised, reverse pyramidal, medium density. The winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds is high, it withstands the climate of the Moscow region well, where it is recommended for home gardens and summer cottages. The yield is good, but not always regular. The average yield from an adult tree is 18-20 kg, the maximum reaches 60 kg. The fruits are large, weighing 4-5 g, rounded, dark cherry, almost black. The pulp is dark red, sweet-sour pleasant taste with a tasting score of 4.5 points. The juice is dark red. The fruits ripen in the early middle term, at the end of the 3rd decade of June. The variety is distinguished by dry detachment of fruits and their high transportability.

Memory of Voronchikhina. A new variety of selection from the Rossoshanskaya experimental station of horticulture. Tree of medium vigor, bears fruit 4 years after planting. Winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds in the south of the Central Chernozem region is good. The yield is high, averaging 18-22 kg per tree, but not always regular. Fruits weighing 4-5 g, rounded, almost black. The flesh is dark red, sweet-sour taste, with a tasting score of 3.8-4 points. The juice is dark colored. The fruits of this variety give very good products processing, due to the intense color of the fruits, they make excellent compotes, jams, juices. They ripen in the middle-early period, in the south of the CCR at the end of the last ten days of June.

Varieties of medium maturity

Griot of Ostheim. An old German cherry variety, grown in Germany for over 300 years. It has long been brought to Russia, where it is distributed from the south of the Non-Black Earth region to North Caucasus, often under local names. It was even zoned for Sakhalin. The tree is medium-sized, up to 3-4m tall with a characteristic spherical dense crown with drooping lower branches. Fruits of medium size, 3-4g, rounded, dark red, dark cherry when overripe. The pulp is dark red, medium density, pleasant typical cherry sweet and sour taste with a slight astringency, tasting score 4.5 points. The juice is dark colored. Fruit ripening is average. The variety is high-yielding, especially in the south. In this zone, 50-60 kg of fruits are removed from a 15-20-year-old tree, and from best trees up to 120kg. In more northern regions - north of Voronezh, due to freezing of flower buds, yields are lower.

Griot of Rossoshansky. The variety was bred at the Rossoshanskaya Experimental Horticulture Station. A tree of medium vigor, with a rounded, well translucent crown. The winter hardiness of the tree in the south of the CCR is high, the flower buds are average. The variety is high-yielding, the average yield from a tree is 20-25 kg, the maximum is up to 70 kg. Medium-sized fruits, weighing 3-4g, rounded, slightly flattened, dark cherry color. The flesh is dark red, sweet and sour, very pleasant taste, tasting score 4.3 points. The juice is dark colored. Fruit ripening is average, in the south of the Chernozem region and early July.

Garland . A new variety of selection from the Rossoshanskaya experimental station of horticulture. The tree is stunted with sparse, almost horizontal branches extending from the trunk. In the south of the Chernozem region, the winter hardiness of the tree is good, the flower buds are average. The variety is high-yielding, the fruits densely stick around the branches, from where the name Garland comes from, the yield can reach 65 kg per tree during the period of full fruiting. The fruits are large, weighing 4-5 g, on young trees up to 6 g, rounded, dark red. The pulp is dark red, pleasant sweet and sour taste, tasting score 4.2 points. The juice is red. Fruit ripening is average, removable maturity in the south of the CCR occurs in early July.

Kalitvyanka (Torch). A new variety of selection from the Rossoshanskaya experimental station of horticulture. The tree is stunted or medium in size with sparse, almost horizontal branches extending from the trunk. The winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds in the south of the CCR is good. The yield is good, the average yield per tree is 20-25kg, the maximum is up to 55kg. The fruits are large, weighing 4-5g, rounded, bright red. The pulp is light red, pleasant sour-sweet taste with a predominance of sugar content, tasting score 4.4 points. The juice is light red. Fruit ripening in the middle term, in the south of the CCR in early July. Varieties Garland and Kalitvyanka are very similar, but they are easy to distinguish by the characteristics of the fruit. Garland has very long stalks, the color of the fruit is very dark, the taste is more sour compared to Kalitvyanka.

Memory of Vavilov. The variety was bred at the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding fruit crops(Michurinsk). The tree is very vigorous up to 7-8m. high with a rounded crown of medium density. This is one of the most vigorous cherry varieties in the world assortment and one of the most resistant to coccomycosis. Winter hardiness in the Central Chernozem region is average, in the south of this zone it is good, but in the Non-Black Earth region the tree and flower buds often freeze slightly. The yield is average, irregular, from a few kilograms in some unfavorable years to a landslide harvest, reaching 100 or more kilograms per tree in favorable years. The fruits are large, 5-6g, with big harvest smaller, rounded, dark red. The pulp is tender, dark red, sweet and sour, of good taste with a tasting score of 4.3 points. Maturity is average, in the south of the Black Earth region in the first decade of July.

Black large. The variety was bred at the Rossoshanskaya Experimental Horticulture Station. The tree is undersized, relatively short-lived, on this basis it resembles Lyubskaya. Winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds in the south of the Chernozem region is good. The yield is good, although not always regular, the average yield per tree is 15-20 kg, the maximum is up to 33 kg. The fruits are large and very large, weighing 5-6 g, with a small yield up to 8 g, rounded, almost black. The pulp is dark cherry, sweet and sour, of good taste with a tasting score of 4.5 points. The juice is dark-colored, almost black. Consumer qualities of fruits are very high. Fruit ripening in the middle term, in the south of the CCR in early July.

Farmer– A new variety of selection from the Rossoshanskaya experimental station of horticulture. A tree of medium vigor with a raised, broad-pyramidal crown, begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting, and is winter-hardy in the south of the CCR. The average yield is 17kg per tree, the maximum is up to 30-40kg. The fruits are large, with an average weight of 4-5 g, rounded, dark red in color. The pulp is dense, dark red, sweet and sour, very pleasant with a tasting score of 4.4 points, the juice is dark red. Due to the high density of the pulp, which is unusual for cherries, the fruits can withstand long-term transportation and are in high demand among consumers. The fruits ripen in early July. The variety is universal. Resistance to coccomycosis is average.

Late maturing varieties

Youth. This comparatively new variety bred at the All-Russian Selection and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery (Moscow) has gained great popularity due to its high annual yield, low growth and high quality fruits. The tree is undersized, 2-2.5 m in height, with drooping branches, short-lived. The winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds is high. The fruits are large, weighing 4-5g, widely rounded, maroon. The flesh is dark red, sweet and sour with a predominance of sweetness, very good taste with a tasting score of -4.6 points. The juice is dark red. The fruits ripen late in the south of the Central Chernobyl region in the second decade of July. After ripening, they are able to hang on a tree for a long time, gradually turning into very tasty dried fruits.

Turgenevka. Relatively new variety All-Russian Research Institute selection of fruit crops (Orel). A tree of medium vigor, 3-3.5 m high, the crown is reverse-pyramidal, raised. The winter hardiness of the tree is high, flower buds endure frosts down to -35 ° C in steadily cold winters without sudden temperature changes. The yield is high, regular, averages 20-25 kg per tree, the maximum yield reaches 70 kg. The fruits are large, weighing 4-5 g, with a small yield up to 8 g, wide-heart-shaped, maroon in color. The flesh is dark red, sweet-sour taste with a tasting score of 3.8 points. The juice is dark red. The fruits are very good for processing, they make excellent compotes, jams, juices. Ripening late, in the conditions of the south of the CCR in the 2nd decade of July.

Zhukovskaya. A very popular variety in the Chernozem region of the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Crops (Michurinsk). A tree of medium vigor, 3-3.5 m high, the crown is reverse-pyramidal, becoming rounded with age. The winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds in the south of the CCR is good; in the Non-Chernozem region, flower buds freeze quite often. The yield is average, irregular: from 3-4 kg per tree in lean years to 50-60 kg in good years. The fruits are large, weighing 4-5 g, oval-heart-shaped, dark red, almost black. The flesh is dark red, very good sweet and sour taste with a tasting score of 4.7 points. The juice is dark red. The fruits ripen late, in the south of the CCR in the second decade of July. This variety is especially valued for its high taste qualities fruits, their dry detachment and high transportability.

Prima. The variety was bred at the Rossoshanskaya Experimental Horticulture Station. Tree of medium size or vigorous with a rounded crown, durable. The winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds in the Chernozem region is high. Productivity is average, not always regular. The average yield from an adult tree is 20-25kg, the maximum is up to 84kg. The fruits are medium, weighing 3-4g, rounded, dark cherry. The flesh is dark red, sweet and sour, of good taste with a tasting score of 4 points. The juice is dark red. Fruit ripening later, in the conditions of the south of the Central Chernobyl at the end of the second decade of July. The fruits are able to remain on the tree for a long time, up to September, without losing their qualities. Among the disadvantages of the variety should be attributed increased sensitivity to moniliosis.

Lyubskaya. This old Russian variety of folk selection, also known as Apukhtinskaya, has not lost its value to this day, primarily due to its annual high yield. The tree is stunted, 2-2.5 m tall, short-lived. The winter hardiness of a tree in the Chernozem region is high, in the Non-Chernozem zone it is only medium, and flower buds are high. The fruits are large, weighing 4-5g, heart-shaped, dark red. The flesh is dark red, sweet-sour with astringency, mediocre taste, tasting score 3.5 points. The juice is dark red. The variety is more suitable for technical processing. The fruits ripen late in the south of the CCR in the third decade of July and are able to remain on the tree for a long time. A big disadvantage of the variety is its high sensitivity to coccomycosis, therefore, when growing it, it is imperative to provide for a system of protective measures against this disease.

Publication region: Central

How to get without much effort high yields fruit crops? Very simple - you need to plant zoned varieties that are best suited for growing in your area.

Apple tree

• From summer varieties - Melba, Rossoshanskoye August;
• from autumn - Zhigulevskoe,
• from winter varieties- Lobo, Rossoshanskoye striped, Northern synapse, Spartan.

Pear

In the western and southwestern regions of the Central Chernozem Region, varieties of both summer and autumn groups can be grown. In the north and northeast, more winter-hardy summer varieties should be used. Marble - basic summer variety in all five areas, highly winter hardy, needs good wind protection. Rossoshanskaya beautiful zoned in the Voronezh region, also winter-hardy. Space zoned in Belgorod and Kursk regions, very precocious. Dessert Rossoshanskaya zoned in the Voronezh region, fruitful, pears are stored until November. Autumn Yakovleva zoned in the Voronezh and Kursk regions, high-yielding. Bere Russian is promising for the Voronezh and Belgorod regions, the fruits are stored until December-January.

Cherry

We value this crop for its precocity, good winter hardiness, and high and annual yields. The best of the early varieties are Generous Rossoshanskaya and Effective. The basis is cherries of medium ripening: Crimson - winter-hardy; Griot Rossoshansky - high-yielding; Prima - resistant to coccomyosis; Rossoshanskaya black - zoned in the Voronezh region; Salute - harvested annually; Tambovchanka is winter-hardy; Surgenevka - zoned in the Voronezh, Belgorod, Oryol regions; Black large - high-yielding. The old Russian variety of late ripening Lyubskaya is zoned in many regions of Russia.

Plum

It has long been growing in the Central Chernozem region, mainly on household plots. Fraternal winter-hardy, large-fruited. Hungarian Voronezh is zoned in the Belgorod region. Hungarian Rossoshanskaya has fruits with a small bone. Sunrise is large-fruited and high-yielding. Eurasia-21 is zoned in the Voronezh and Belgorod regions. Award - table variety, zoned in the Voronezh region. The record has large fruits, zoned in the Voronezh region. Renklod Soviet high-yielding, zoned in the Voronezh, Belgorod and Kursk regions. Rossoshanskaya large-fruited gives very large plums in 50 g.

Cherries

Durable and high-yielding culture, less damaged by diseases and pests. But - weakly winter-hardy, flower buds freeze especially often. In the south of the Voronezh region, the Rossoshanskaya large is zoned. In the varietal composition - Check mark, Original, Early pink, Rossoshanskaya gold, Julia.

Apricot

It is also easily damaged by frost, it is not yet in the standard assortment. On the plots of the production variety testing of the Rossoshanskaya station, the following varieties stood out in terms of winter hardiness and early fruiting: Pogremok, Russian-Bulgarian, Voronezh large, Dessert, Son of the red-cheeked and Stepnyak Rossoshansky.

Currant

The most vitamin berry. The varietal composition is adopted as follows: black - Memory Michurin, Belarusian sweet, Minai Shmyrev, Student; red and white - Red Cross, Dutch Red, Versailles White, Firstborn, Chulkovskaya, Generous and Uteborgskaya; golden - Sweet, dense meat.

Gooseberry

It is also called northern grapes. In our zone, zoned Russian and Yubileiny are recommended, as well as Northern grapes, Moscow red, Mleevsky yellow, Canned Coptivator and Eaglet.

strawberries

In the Central Chernozem region, varieties Festivalnaya, Zenga-Zengana, Early Makherauha are zoned. Highlighted as promising Yasna and Redgauntlet.

Raspberries

Latham, Krimzon Mammut, Otbornaya Sheina, Kenby, Newburgh were selected as the best varieties for the Chernozem region.

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According to the flowering time, cherry varieties are distinguished early-flowering, medium-early, medium-late and late-flowering. Fertile Michurina begins to bear fruit in the 2-4th year. The trees are stunted with a spreading weeping crown. The fruits are large and hold well on the tree. For cross-pollination, this variety is suitable for Lyubskaya.

Consumer goods were bred by I. V. Michurin. The fruits are large, reddish-black. The pulp is juicy with a slight refreshing sourness. Begins to bear fruit in the 4-5th year.

Zhukovskaya is a new variety. The trees are strong, tall, the fruits are large, dark-colored, with a very pleasant sweet and sour taste. The fruits ripen in July.

The vole grows in small bushes up to 1.5–2 m high. The fruits are medium in size, red, juicy, sour, very good for processing.

As a result of many years of work with cherries, leading breeders have bred more than 20 winter-hardy productive, suitable for cultivation in various regions and easily propagated varieties of cherries with tasty fruits. Among them there are both beloved and unfamiliar varieties of cherries: Griot Moskovsky, Zarya Povolzhya, Zhagarskaya, Chernookaya, Oblachinskaya, Yerli, Bystrinka.

Vladimirskaya - an old Russian variety of folk selection. Average term of maturing. Frost resistant. Self-infertile (the best pollinators are Lyubskaya, Shubinka). Fruiting begins on the 4-5th year after planting. Tree up to 3 m in height, with spherical crown. The berries are black-red, sweet and sour.

Lyubskaya - an old Russian variety of folk selection, also known as Apukhtinskaya, still has not lost its value due to its annual high yield. The tree is undersized (2–2.5 m), short-lived. The winter hardiness of a tree in the Chernozem region is high, in the Non-Chernozem region it is medium.

A big disadvantage of the variety is its high sensitivity to coccomycosis, therefore, when growing, it is necessary to know the measures to combat this disease. The fruits are large (up to 5 g), dark red. The flesh is dark red, sweet-sour with astringency of medium taste. The juice is dark red.

The fruits ripen late, in the south of the Central Chernozem region - in the 3rd decade of July, they are able to remain on the tree for a long time. The variety is more suitable for technical processing.

Crimson - a variety of medium ripening. The variety is zoned in the Moscow region. Partially self fertile. Fruiting begins in the 4-5th year. A tree up to 2.5 m high. The fruits are dark cherry, sweet-sour taste. The flesh is dark red.

Beauty of Tataria - a variety of early ripening. Winter hardy. Self-infertile. Fruiting begins in the 4-5th year. The tree is undersized, up to 2.5 m high. The fruits are large, dark red, sweet-sour. The flesh is dark red.

Malinovka - a variety of medium-late ripening. Winter hardy. Self-infertile. It bears fruit in the 4th or 5th year. Bushy tree. The fruits are large, dark red, sweet-sour taste.

Molodezhnaya is a relatively new variety, bred at the All-Russian Selection and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery (Moscow). Gained great popularity due to the high annual yield and high quality of the fruit. The tree is short (2–2.5 m) with drooping branches. The winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds is high. The fruits are large (up to 5 g), maroon. The flesh is dark red, sweet and sour, sweet, very good taste. The fruits ripen late, in the south of the Central Chernozem region - in the 2nd decade of July. After maturation, they are able to stay on the tree for a long time. The variety is self-fertile.

Tamaris is a variety of medium ripening. Winter hardy. Self fertile. The tree is medium-sized, bears fruit from the 3rd year. The fruits are dark red. The pulp is juicy, sweet and sour.

Volochaevka - a variety of medium ripening. Winter hardy. Harvest. Partially self-fertile (the best pollinators are Molodezhnaya and Turgenevka). Tree 2.5 m high. Fruits are bright red.

Oblachinskaya is a variety of Yugoslavian selection. Well established in the non-chernozem zone. Average term of maturing. Partially self fertile. Harvest. Winter hardiness of wood and buds is good. The tree is tall. The fruits are red, good for processing and for fresh consumption.

Modern cherry varieties for central Russia have good winter hardiness and disease resistance, high yields, they have large fruits of excellent taste.

Varieties of early ripening cherries

Kentskaya - this old variety is significantly inferior in fruit quality to the best modern varieties, but continues to be valued for its early ripening period.

Tree of medium vigor, crown of medium density, pyramidal shape. Winter hardiness in the Central Chernozem region is good, in the south of the Non-Chernozem region it is satisfactory. The yield is high, reaching 30–40 kg per tree. Fruits of medium size (up to 2.5–3 g), rounded, red. The flesh is light red, sweet, with a weak acid, good taste.

Saratovskaya baby - a new excellent variety of selection of the Saratov Experimental Horticulture Station, got its name for the slow growth of the tree. The crown is rounded, very dense. The yield is high and reaches 20–25 kg per tree, in some years up to 45–55 kg. The fruits are large (up to 4–5 g, under favorable conditions - up to 6–7 g), dark cherry. The flesh is dark red, sweet with a pleasant acidity and cherry aroma, good taste. Ripens early.

Prenkoray - Hungarian variety, winter-hardy, productive with high quality fruits. Tree of medium vigor with a rounded crown. Productivity is high - up to 20–25 kg from an 8–10-year-old tree. The fruits are large (up to 6 g), dark red. Ripens early, in the south of the Central Black Earth region - at the beginning of the 3rd decade of June.

Varieties of cherries of medium ripening

Garland is a new variety of selection from the Rossoshanskaya Experimental Horticulture Station. The tree is undersized with sparse branches extending from the trunk. In the south of the Chernozem region, the winter hardiness of the tree is good. The variety is high-yielding, the fruits densely stick around the branches. The yield is high - up to 60 kg per tree. The fruits are large (up to 5 g, on young trees - up to 6 g), dark red. The pulp is dark red, pleasant sweet and sour taste. Fruit ripening in the south of the Central Black Earth region in early July.

Griot of Ostheim is an old German variety. We have distributed from the south of the Non-Chernozem region to the North Caucasus. The tree is medium-sized (up to 3-4 m) with a spherical crown with drooping lower branches. The variety is high-yielding, especially in the south, where 50–60 kg are removed from a 15–20-year-old tree, and up to 100 kg from the best trees. Fruits of medium size (up to 3–4 g), rounded, dark red, dark cherry when overripe. The flesh is dark red, pleasant taste with a slight astringency.

Griot Rossoshansky - bred at the Rossoshansky Experimental Horticulture Station. Tree of medium vigor with a rounded crown. In the south of the Central Black Earth region, the winter hardiness of the tree is high. The variety is high-yielding, the average yield per tree is 20–25 kg, the largest (up to 60 kg). Medium-sized fruits (up to 4 g), dark cherry color. The pulp is dark red, pleasant sweet and sour taste. Fruit ripening is average, in the south of the Chernozem region - in early July.

Kalitvyanka (Fakel) - a new variety of selection from the Rossoshanskaya experimental station of horticulture. The tree is low-growing, with branches extending horizontally from the trunk. Winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds in the south of the Central Chernozem region is good. The average yield is 20–25 kg per tree, high - up to 55 kg. The fruits are large (up to 5 g), bright red. The pulp is light red, pleasant sour-sweet taste. Ripens in the south of the Central Chernozem region - in early July.

Memory Vavilov is a vigorous tree (up to 7–8 m) with a rounded crown. This is the most vigorous cherry variety, one of the most resistant to coccomycosis. Winter hardiness in the Central Chernozem region is average, in the south of this zone it is good, however, in the Non-Chernozem region, trees and flower buds often freeze slightly. The yield is average. In unfavorable years, 60–80 kg is obtained from one tree, the fruits are large (up to 6 g), round, dark red. The pulp is tender, dark red, sweet and sour, good taste. Ripening is average, in the south of the Black Earth region - in the first decade of July.

Cherry varieties of late ripening

IN last years many new varieties have been introduced. New varieties are characterized by large fruits with excellent taste, high yield and increased disease resistance. They allow you to significantly increase the cherry season in the south of the Central Black Earth Region, it lasts about 1.5–2 months - from mid-June to the end of July.

Fruits of late varieties (Lyubskaya, Molodezhnoy, Prima) after ripening long time are preserved on the tree without loss of quality, especially if there is dry warm weather at this time, which lengthens the season until mid-August.

The winter hardiness of Central Russian cherry varieties makes it possible to grow them in most of the Central region of Russia. So, trees without freezing endure short-term frosts down to -34-35 ° C, and flower buds withstand -30-33 ° C (provided that the tree is healthy and well prepared for winter). It should be borne in mind that premature leaf fall in August - September due to the defeat of coccomycosis significantly reduces the winter hardiness of trees, they can also be damaged by weaker frosts.

How to grow tasty and useful berry on the site, avoiding the common mistakes of novice gardeners. It is required to choose the right varieties of sweet cherries for the middle lane. Half of the success depends on this. If the species is not suitable for growing in certain conditions, then all the rest positive characteristics turn out to be useless.

This region is very vast, its climate is defined as temperate continental. The temperature in winter ranges from -8 ⁰С to -12 ⁰С. In summer it is +17…+28 ⁰С.

Winters are moderately frosty, but snowy, and summers are humid and warm. Therefore, horticulture is fully developed. Many varieties of cherries are suitable for cultivation in this region. But there are signs that you definitely need to look closely when choosing.

A summer resident who decides to start breeding cherries on a plot should pay attention to the following subtleties when choosing a variety:

• Winter hardiness of plants is an important criterion to be guided by. A heat-loving plant does not tolerate a decrease in temperature very well. Therefore, the higher this indicator, the better.
• The short stature of the sweet cherry allows you to throw all your strength into the formation of fruits, less attention giving crown. This is the advantage of low trees.
• Flowering should be late, since in the climate of the middle zone return spring frosts are often observed. They are capable of destroying the future crop. Breeders breed such varieties whose fruit buds are not afraid of a slight drop in temperature. You should pay attention to them.
• Self-fertility or self-pollination is an irreplaceable trait fruit tree. In this case, the tree does not need pollinators, it is able to pollinate itself.

The best varieties are those that have all of the above characteristics.

winter-hardy

An important indicator of the variety, which affects the yield. The better the cherry will survive the winter, the more abundant the harvest will be. Unstable weather in winter period detrimental effect on the general condition of the tree. It may die as a result. The summer resident will not only not receive a crop, but will also lose the plant.

The higher the degree of stability, the better. This indicator is one of the most important.

1. Iput, perfectly resists frost. The fruits are large, red in color, sweet in taste and of high tasting value.
2. Gronkavaya, in addition to a high degree of frost resistance, has a number of other advantages, due to which summer residents choose it for planting. The taste of the berries is sweet and sour. Sweet cherries are used for any processing method. It requires the cultivation of other pollinating varieties in the neighborhood.
3. Red hill. Resistant to low temperatures, large-fruited and unpretentious. For care, it requires the formation of a crown and the cultivation of a number of pollinators, since it is infertile in itself.
4. Russian girl. Partially self-fertile, winter-hardy sweet cherry with fruits of standard taste characteristics. It ripens early, the fruits are removed almost simultaneously.
5. Veda. fruitful frost-resistant variety cherries, fruits are large, weight reaches 5 g. Unpretentious in care, does not tolerate drafts and strong wind.
6. Odrinka. The fruits of this sweet cherry are dark, almost black, and have a dessert purpose. But they are also used for processing. Weight reaches 7.5 g. It winters well and gives a bountiful harvest.
7. Revna is partially self-fertile, gardeners grow other types of cherries together with it, this helps to increase productivity. The fruits are large and very tasty. Used in cooking.

There are many winter-hardy varieties, but in order to get an excellent harvest, it is recommended to pay attention to other equally important criteria.

yellow-fruited

Such varieties of cherries are preferred by those gardeners who do not want to pay much attention to tree care. Often these varieties of cherries are more unpretentious than red-fruited ones. In addition, they have one important property, they absolutely do not attract birds.

List of yellow-fruited varieties:

• Drogana Yellow. The variety was bred a long time ago, over the years its positive reputation has only strengthened. Summer residents love her for her unpretentiousness and consistently high fruiting, independent of weather conditions. The weight of the fruit reaches 8 g. The taste is sweet, for this reason it is consumed only fresh. Berries do not tolerate transportation well. The yield is 30 kg per tree. Immunity is stable, the tree is not susceptible to fungal diseases.
• Leningrad Yellow. Berries weigh 3.5 g, taste sweet. The average yield is 15 kg from 1 tree. Unpretentious in care, sweet cherry becomes a favorite in any area.
• Orlovskaya Amber. Average weight 5.5 g. Appointment for dessert, as it has a sweet taste and loose pulp. With proper care and fulfillment of agrotechnical requirements, up to 35 kg of berries are harvested from one tree.
• Homestead Yellow. A popular variety among gardeners. Conquers with its unpretentiousness, crop volumes and field health. The taste is sweet and sour, the fruits ripen at the same time. Up to 15 kg of berries are obtained from a tree.

Yellow cherry is very tasty. It requires minimal care, and the benefits in it are no less than those of other varieties.

short and dwarf

Low varieties of sweet cherries are suitable for growing in the middle lane for the reason that, due to bad weather, the tree is not able to form both fruits and a crown. Therefore, it throws all its strength into growing green mass, forgetting about the harvest. With dwarf and undersized varieties, this problem will not arise.

In addition, it is easier to harvest and care for them from such trees. The height of such trees does not exceed 2-3 m. The shape of the crown is cylindrical. The tree itself consists of the main trunk and short skeletal branches.

The disadvantage of such sweet cherries is that they are more demanding on the place of planting and care.

Dwarf trees have a crown of medium density, so the fruits receive enough light and oxygen. The summer resident must weigh the pros and cons before deciding to grow such varieties.

Self-fertile and early-fertile

The variety of varieties of cherries allows the summer resident to choose the type that suits the needs of the family. Self-fertile cherries are in demand among those summer residents who do not have the opportunity to grow several varieties. Such cherries do not need additional pollinators. Varieties with self-pollination:

• Homestead Yellow;
• Bereket;
• Goryanka;
• Tyutchevka;
• Dunn;
• Dolores;
• Pridonskaya.

There are few varieties capable of self-pollination, but they do exist. The summer resident should carefully study the characteristics of the variety, then decide which one is suitable for him.

Early-growing varieties are those cherries that ripen quickly. Basically, trees give the first crop in the 5th year of life, but there are also varieties that are able to produce the first crop already in the 3rd year after planting in a permanent place.

Sweet

Most cherries have a sweet taste, so almost all types fall into this category. Some of them ripen quite late, but the gardener himself decides which characteristics of the variety are most suitable for him.

Timing and methods of planting a tree

It is not difficult to grow cherries on the site; it is necessary to observe the features and subtleties of planting plants on the site. And then the tree will thank with a high stable yield.

We plant in the spring, say some gardeners, better in autumn- others answer them. The decision is up to the gardener. Given the climatic features of the middle lane, and in the fall. But until a certain time. In the spring they plant before the buds appear, in the fall until the beginning of October.

Tree planting methods:

• the longest of the bone;
• layering;
• undergrowth;
• vaccination.

The method of growing a fruit tree depends on the summer resident and his desires. The easiest method is to plant out the seedlings, the most difficult is to graft.

Cherry care

Half the success depends on how well the gardener cares. Compliance with standard agrotechnical requirements is required:

• fertilizers;
• glaze;
• loosening;
• weeding;
• mulching.

Following these steps will help you achieve positive results.

Feeding and watering

It is necessary to care for sweet cherries from the first days after planting. The tree needs moisture. Watered once every 10 days in dry weather and 2-3 times a month in wet weather.

Top dressing is carried out immediately after planting. Organic matter is added to the ground for backfilling and mineral fertilizers. This will be sufficient for the first year. Then, in subsequent years, organic matter and complex mineral fertilizers are applied 2-3 times per season.

Fruit ripening requires effort on the part of the tree, so it is recommended to feed the plants at this time. Use organic or nitrogen-containing top dressing.

crown formation

Each variety deals with this differently. Columnar and tall varieties are especially in need of formation. Their growth is recommended to be limited. Therefore, formative pruning is done every spring and autumn.

Diseases and pests and their control

There are varieties that are resistant to fungal diseases. Such trees are not processed. For prevention, it is recommended to spray every spring, this will help the sweet cherry fight pathogens.

Insects that do not mind eating fruits and other parts of the tree are also subject to destruction. Traps with sweet contents are prepared for them, then they are destroyed.

Preparing cherries for wintering

So that the tree does not die and continues to produce a crop, you need to properly prepare for the winter. feed complex fertilizers, then wrap if the variety is not winter-hardy. And the tree will calmly endure the harsh winter of central Russia.

Growing cherries is a simple process. By following the recommendations of experienced summer residents, they get a high yield.