Russian Agricultural Academy

STATE SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION

ALL-RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

INSTITUTE OF VITICULTURE AND WINEMAKING

named after Ya.I. POTAPENKO

C A T A L O G

and innovative developments of scientists

GNU VNIIViV Russian Agricultural Academy

NOVOCHERKASSK 2011

1. Non-traditional method of grape breeding for seedlessness .............................................. .3

2. Biological features pollen and how to increase it

viability to improve the assortment of grapes…………………………. 3

3. New varieties of GNU VNIIVIV of the Russian Agricultural Academy…………………………………….4

4. Varieties of grapes in the state test…………………………………….. 6

5. Models that allow you to quickly monitor the conditions of moisture

vineyards…………………………………………………………………………..8

6. Criteria for suitability of sandy lands for vineyards………………………..8

7. Technology of rehabilitation and testing of grape plants at

production of virus-free planting material ………….……………………...9

9. Technology of application of the universal growth regulator Emistim

during clonal micropropagation…………………………………………………..9

10. Advanced technology for obtaining a virus-free landing

material using light biotechnology………………………………………………………………10

11. Method for adaptation of grape plants obtained in vitro using

apical meristem cultures, to non-sterile conditions………………………..10

12. Technology of laying and maintaining basic mother liquors on sandy soils………10

13. Technology of growing seedlings using photodestructive

films and spray irrigation…………………………………………………………..11

14. Technology of growing seedlings using gravel……………………11

15. Technology of growing seedlings and laying vineyards …………………..11

16. Improving the technology of production of grafted planting

material using physiologically active substances…………………….12

17. Promising scion-rootstock combinations for grape varieties

interspecific origin………………………………………………………….12

18. Industrial technology of cultivation of uncovered vineyards………… 13

19. Intensive technology of cultivation of uncovered vineyards……………...13

20. Technology of cultivation of semi-covered vineyards………………………….13

21. Technology of cultivation of industrial-type shelter vineyards……..13

22. New ways of restoration and reconstruction of grafted vine bushes…..14

23. The system of protection of vineyards from black spot……………………………14

24. Universal trailed grape harvester KVP-1 "Don"………...14

25. D two-row tillage machine…………………………………………….16

26. Solar radiation drying plant (SRSU)……………………………….17

27. Technologies for the production of quality categories of wine products ... 18

28. Methodology for the identification of wine and cognac products on

the subject of their compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents………..18

NON-TRADITIONAL METHOD FOR BREEDING GRAPES FOR SEEDLESSNESS

Developers: Doroshenko N.P., Bernikova N.V.

Target: develop theoretical basis method of seedless grape breeding using both seedless parents and subsequent culture of isolated ovules in vitro.

Description: the method is based on the prevention of degenerative processes in the ovule when crossing both seedless parents. Studied varietal features embryogenesis determine the selection of varieties and combinations of crossing. Methods have been developed for determining the timing of ovule isolation, double sterilization of berries and ovules before introducing them into culture (patent No. 2265313), a method for saving obtained abnormal plants, etc. The effect of growth regulators NAA, kinetin, benzyladenine, krezatsin and new preparations zircon and Super Stim No. 1 on the productive organs of grapes was studied in order to activate embryonic development ovules of seedless grape varieties. The nature of the influence of these preparations on the mass of berries, laying, growth and development of ovules in various combinations of crossing was revealed.

The method ensures the production of hybrid seedlings within one year, increasing the efficiency of crossings and accelerating the breeding process for obtaining high-quality seedless grape varieties resistant to biotic and abiotic factors.

Social effect: Improvement and replenishment of the assortment of seedless grapes, which are in great demand among the consumer.

BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF POLLEN AND WAYS TO INCREASE

ITS VITALITY TO IMPROVE GRAPE VARIETY
Developers: Doroshenko N.P., Soboleva Yu.V.

Target: to develop ways to improve the viability of pollen to improve the efficiency of the breeding process when breeding seedless grape varieties

Description: Previously unexplored features of the formation of the male gametophyte and the possibility of increasing its viability are revealed. It has been shown that in years with unfavorable meteorological conditions, during the formation of male gametes, it is necessary to increase the viability of pollen from seedless varieties. It has been established that such technological methods such as carrying out green operations, the use of substances of the chemical regulation of the plant body, the timely collection of pollen, optimal conditions storage, identification of the most promising varieties-pollinators contribute to the improvement of its viability.

Practical implementation indicators: increasing the efficiency and speeding up the selection process.

Place of implementation: for research institutes and production breeding and technological centers specializing in breeding seedless grape varieties.

NEW VARIETIES OF GNU VNIIVIV RUSSIA ACADEMY

Grape varieties included in State Register of Selection Achievements Approved for Use since 2001: Friendship - universal purpose (2002), Platovsky (2003), Denisovsky (2006), Augusta, Muscat Aksai - technical purpose, Baklanovsky (2008) - for table use and 3 rootstock varieties: Present (2007).

august The variety was bred in VNIIViV of the Russian Agricultural Academy as a result of crossing varieties SV 12-309 and Kazachka. Bunch medium (150 g) conical, medium density to dense. Berry average 1.5-1.8 g, rounded or slightly oval. Productivity is 120-140 q/ha. Sugar content 21.0 g / 100 cm 3, acidity 8.7 g / dm 3. Tasting assessment at the level of the control variety Cabernet northern. It has increased resistance to frost - minus 27 0 C, mildew fungal diseases 2.5 points, to oidium 2.5 points. Economic efficiency from the introduction of the variety is 50 thousand rubles. per 1 ha.
Baklanovsky: It was bred at the All-Russian NIIViV of the Russian Agricultural Academy by crossing the Original and Vostorg varieties. Authors of the variety: Kostrikin I.A., Maistrenko L.A., Krasokhina S.I., Skripnikova A.S. Refers to table varieties of very early ripening. Large bunch (600 g), large berry 6.0 g, 28x23 mm, Simple, neutral taste. Sugar content 18-23g/100cm 3 , acidity 5-6 g/dm 3 . Frost resistance down to minus 25°C, resistant to mildew - 2.0-2.5 points, gray mold - 1.0 points, tolerant to oidium - 3.0-3.5 points, to phylloxera - 4.0 points. Tasting score of fresh grapes 8.2 - 8.5 points. Economic efficiency from the introduction of the variety is 120 thousand rubles per 1 ha
Denisovsky The variety was bred in VNIIViV of the Russian Agricultural Academy as a result of crossing the Severny variety and a mixture of Muscat pollen. Authors of the variety: Potapenko Ya.I., Proskurnya L.I., Skripnikova A.S., Huseynov Sh.N., Pavlyuchenko N.G., Kovalev V.M., Lycheva L.A. Ripens in the first decade of September. Bunch medium (200g) conical, medium density to loose. Berry average 2.0 g, rounded. Productivity is 140 c/ha. Sugar content 22.0 g / 100 cm 3, acidity 7.8 g / dm 3. Tasting score of wine 8.4 points. Promising for the preparation of dry, sparkling and dessert wines. Mildew resistance 4.0 points, oidium resistance 4.0 points, frost resistance -27 0 C. Economic efficiency from the introduction of the variety is 60 thousand rubles. per 1 ha
Friendship: Variety of joint breeding NIIViV (Bulgaria, Pleven) and VNIIViV them. Ya.I.Potapenko (Russia, Novocherkassk). Obtained as a result of crossing varieties Misket kailyshki and (Zarya Severa x Muskat Hamburg). Authors of the variety: from Russia - I.A. Kostrikin, A.M. Aliev, B.A. Muzychenko; from Bulgaria - Jordan Ivanov, Vasil Vylchev. Refers to the universal varieties of early ripening. The duration of the production period is 120 - 125 days. Bunch medium (221g) or rather large (300-400g), berry large, rounded, amber-white. The taste is harmonious with a strong nutmeg aroma. Productivity average: 80 kg/hectare. The sugar content of berry juice is 194g/dm 3 with a titratable acidity of 7.4 g/dm 3 . Frost resistance to minus 22 - 23 0 C, resistance to mildew 2.5, gray mold - 3, oidium - 3, phylloxera - 4 points. It is used both for fresh consumption and for the production of high-quality muscat dry and sparkling wines.
Aksai Muscat. Variety jointly bred by VNIIViV of the Russian Agricultural Academy (Russia, Novocherkassk) and NIIViV (Bulgaria, Pleven). Obtained by crossing varieties Stepnyak and Misket kaylyshki. Variety authors from Russia: I.A. Kostrikin, A.N. Maistrenko, L.A. Maistrenko, S.I. Agapova, L.A. Lychev; from Bulgaria: Yordan Ivanov, Vasil Vylchev, Georgi Petkov. Maturity is medium Bunch medium (267g) conical, medium to dense. Berry average 1.8 g, round or slightly oval, amber white. Resistant to frost, down to minus 25 0 C, mildew - 2.5 points, oidium - 3 points, tolerant to phylloxera -3.5 points, gray mold - 3 points. It is used for making high quality dry and sparkling Muscat wines. Economic efficiency from the introduction of the variety is 120 thousand rubles. per 1 ha.
Platovsky . The variety was bred in VNIIViV of the Russian Agricultural Academy as a result of crossing varieties of Zala Dend and Gift of Magarach. Authors of the variety: I.A. Kostrikin, A.N. Maistrenko, S.I. Krasokhin, L.A. Lychev. Belongs to varieties of very early ripening Bunch medium (217g), cylindric, sometimes winged, medium density to loose. Berry small, rounded, yellow-white, in the sun with a pinkish side. The taste is simple and harmonious. The sugar content of berry juice is 213 g / dm 3 with a titratable acidity of 8.6 g / dm 3.). The variety is frost-resistant to minus 28 0 C), resistant to fungal diseases. mildew, oidium, gray rot affected by 2.0 points, tolerant to phylloxera - 3.8 points. It is used for fresh consumption and production of juices, dry and dessert wines. Economic efficiency from the introduction of the variety is 100 thousand rubles. per 1 ha
Gift : Obtained at the All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary and Veterinary Medicine of the Russian Agricultural Academy by crossing the Ferkal variety with a breeding form from the family [Amursky × (Riparia × Cinerea)]. Authors of the variety: I.N. Xian, M.A. Brezhnev. Resistance to fungal diseases 1.5-2.0 points, root phylloxera -1.0 points, leaf form is affected by 2.0 points. It grows well with varieties and forms of European-Amur-American origin in table and green grafting.

GRAPE VARIETIES IN THE STATE TEST

For the period from 2007 to 2010, 5 varieties of interspecific origin of the selection of GNU VNIIViV of the Russian Agricultural Academy were accepted for state testing: Zolotinka- (2007), Vesta (2008), In memory of Kostrikin, Atlant Don (2009), in memory of Smirnov and Tsimlyansky Sergienko (a clone of the Tsimlyansky black variety) (2010).

Atlant Dona - white technical grade . It was bred as a result of crossing varieties SV-12-375 and Seedless Magaracha. Authors of the variety: Maistrenko A.N., Maistrenko L.A., Khimichev Yu.N., Chekmareva M.G., Yakovleva N.A. Late ripening, with resistance to mildew 2.5 points, oidium 2.0 points, gray mold 1.5 points, frost to minus 26 ° C. Tasting score of dry wine material 7.6 points. wine quality, plasticity. Economic efficiency from the introduction of the variety is 120 thousand rubles. per 1 ha
Vesta - red technical grade . Bred as a result of complex crosses (Augusta × Amur) × (Centaur Magarach × Levokumsky). Authors of the variety: Syan I.N., Matveeva N.V., Chekmaryova M.G., Pavlyuchenko N.G., Brezhneva M.A., Arestova N.O. Early ripening, the degree of damage to the leaves by mildew is 1-1.5 points, the shoot is damaged by oidium by 2.0 points, it is tolerant to phylloxera. Tasting score of young table wine - 7.6 points, dessert - 7.7 points. Surpasses analogues in frost resistance, resistance to the root form of phylloxera. Economic efficiency from the introduction of the variety is 80 thousand rubles. per 1 ha.
Zolotinka - universal, white nutmeg variety . It was bred as a result of crossing the varieties Frumoasa albe and Korinka Russian. Authors of the variety: Kostrikin I.A., Maistrenko L.A., Maistrenko A.N., Krasokhina S.I. Early ripening with frost resistance minus 27 0 С, resistance to mildew - 2.5 points, oidium - 3.0 points, tasting score of fresh grapes - 8.6 points, dry wine material - 7.8 points. Surpasses analogues in frost resistance. The economic efficiency from the introduction of the variety is 120 thousand rubles per 1 ha.
IN MEMORY OF KOSTRIKIN - table early variety . Bred as a result of crossing varieties Biruintsa and Delight. Authors of the variety: Kostrikin I.A., Maystrenko L.A., Krasokhina S.I. Early ripening, large-grossed with an average bunch weight of 692 g, large-berry - with a berry weight of 7-10 g, high transportability. The variety is quite winter-hardy, down to minus 25°C. Resistance to mildew 2.5 points, oidium 3.0 points, gray mold 1.0 points, phylloxera: root 4.5 points, leaf - 1.0 points. The tasting score of fresh grapes is 8.5-8.9 points. It surpasses analogues in terms of frost resistance in combination with disease resistance, large berries. The economic efficiency from the introduction of the variety is 82 thousand rubles per 1 ha.
In memory of Smirnov - seedless variety of the table direction of use of the average term of maturing . Bred as a result of crossing varieties SV 12-375 and Kishmish Tairovskiy. Authors of the variety: Maistrenko L.A., Maistrenko A.N. Yakovleva N.A., Kologrivaya R.V., Kurbanov Sh.Sh., Mezentseva L.N., Medyutova E.N. Medium maturity variety. Clusters are large 450g, bright pink berry weighing 2.2 - 2.5 g. Rudiments of seeds in a berry 1-2, weighing 10-19 mg. Resistance to mildew 2 points, oidium 1.5 points, gray rot 1.5 points, frost to minus 27 ° C, tolerant to phylloxera. The tasting score of fresh grapes is 8.2-8.5 points. Outperforms analogues in frost resistance combined with disease resistance . The economic efficiency from the introduction of the variety is 200 thousand rubles per 1 ha.
TSIMLYANSKY SERGIENKO Obtained as a result of clonal selection from the native Don variety Tsimlyansky black. Authors of the variety: Sergienko N.K., Pavlyuchenko N.G., Chekmaryova M.G., Matveeva N.V. Technical grade of late term of maturing. Clusters are large - 340 g, dark blue berries weighing 1.3 g. Resistance to mildew, oidium ¸ gray rot, frost at the level of the parent form. The tasting evaluation of dry wine material is 7.6 points. Surpasses the analogue in terms of productivity - 60 kg / ha . The economic efficiency from the introduction of the variety is 60 thousand rubles per 1 ha.

Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko"
Base	1936
Location	Russia Russia: Novocherkassk , Rostov region
Industry	winemaking, viticulture
Products	grape wines, grape seedlings
Parent company	FANO
Website	rusvine.ru

All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko- research and Educational establishment, the main tasks of which are: conducting fundamental and applied scientific research, development work, introducing the achievements of science and best practices aimed at obtaining new knowledge in the field of viticulture and winemaking, contributing to the technological, economic and social development agro-industrial complex.

Address: 346421, Rostov region, Novocherkassk city, Baklanovsky avenue, 166.

Story

The Institute is the assignee of the Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking of the RSFSR, established in accordance with the decision of the Council People's Commissars USSR of March 11, 1936 No. 203 and the order of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture of the USSR of March 22, 1936 No. 72 on the basis of the Laboratory of Winemaking and Agriculture that existed since 1915.

On November 25, 1975, by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 612, the institute was named after Yakov Ivanovich Potapenko, a Soviet scientist in the field of agrobiology, breeding and agricultural technology.

On the basis of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 30, 1992 No. 84 on the basis of Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences, a unified Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences was created, to which the institute was transferred.

In 2009, it was renamed the State Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In 2013, by order of the Government Russian Federation The institute was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations (FASO) of Russia and renamed the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko" (order of FASO dated July 29, 2014 No. 368).

Activity

The Institute takes part in the development of the law on the development of viticulture and winemaking in the Russian Federation. Carries out work on the creation of the Federal Register of vine plantations of the Rostov region. Every year, it submits 2-5 new varieties of grapes for state variety testing, which are cultivated on an area of ​​1,500 hectares in 20 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as in Ukraine and Moldova.

The Institute also takes part in the development of a law on the development of viticulture and winemaking in the Russian Federation, is working on the creation of the Federal Register of Vine Plantations of the Rostov Region.

VNIIViV participates in Russian exhibitions of grapes, where its varieties won gold and silver medals; elite wines of the institute were also awarded gold and silver awards.

The institute received 234 patents and copyright certificates. Since 1945, it has been a postgraduate student. The main fund of the library, founded in 1936, has about 100,000 copies of books and magazines; a card index of the works of the Institute staff has been maintained since 1930, work is underway to digitize the catalog of the library's scientific and technical fund.

Since 1972, the Museum of the History of Viticulture and Winemaking has been operating here, which presents exhibits and stands dedicated to the emergence of a culture of grapes on the Don (VIII-X centuries) during the period of domination Khazar Khaganate and modern exposition.

Grape varieties created in Novocherkassk

Tell us about the most notable achievements of VNIIViV breeders. Ya. I. Potapenko of recent years.

One of the main areas of work VNIIViV them. Ya. I. Potapenko is the improvement of the assortment of grapes of the Russian Federation, which is solved by breeding new varieties by the method of interspecific hybridization, clonal selection of the main common and ancient varieties, the introduction of new varieties and clones from countries near and far abroad. For this purpose, we at the Institute have collected a large ampelographic collection of varieties and g.f. grapes of various origins.

During the period of organizing the State Variety Testing (1958), the scientists of VNIIViV submitted 77 varieties for testing, including 52 interspecific hybrids.

The State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use includes 20 varieties of VNIIViV breeding: canteens- Zoreva, White-pink, Special, Bogatyrsky, Karamol, Don Agate, Delight, Rusmol ; technical- Bruskam, Grushevsky white, Cabernet northern, Saperavi northern, Stepnyak, Nominee, Floral, Purple early, Friendship, Platovsky; rootstocks- Andros, Finist.

At the same time with practical work in grape breeding, the breeding process is being improved, in particular, methods are being developed to accelerate it, and new donors of frost and disease resistance are being sought. Currently, the hybrid stock of seedlings at VNIIViV is about 20,000 plants of complex interspecific origin, which combine the genomes of Vitis vinifera, Vitis amurensis, and various American grape species. Breeding is carried out in five areas: breeding table, seedless, white technical, red technical and rootstock varieties with high productivity, good quality yield, resistance to major fungal diseases, winter hardiness, as well as short growing season.

TABLE VARIETIES. Currently, programs are being developed: "Giant" to create varieties with a mass of berries of 15-20 g or more (recent achievements- new g.f. Valentina, Lancelot, Alexa, Ilya ; also very promising in this regard was the combination of crossing Vostorg x Frumoas albe); "Pink Cloud"- breeding varieties with the original shape of berries, predominantly pink or red in color (recent achievements- new g.f. Amethyst Novocherkassk, Aladdin, Brilliant, Duet ).

Harold [(Rapture x Arcadia) x Muscat summer], working code I V-6-5-pk. The term of maturation g.f. very early (95-100 days), in the conditions of Novocherkassk it ripens at the end of July. Bushes vigorous. The clusters are cylindric, large, 400-500 g, medium density and dense. The berries are oval, with a pointed tip, 24.1x19.7 mm, amber-yellow, with an average weight of 5-6 g. The pulp is fleshy-juicy. The taste is harmonious, with a light nutmeg aroma. Sugar content- 19-20 g/100 cm3, acidity- 4-5 g/dm3. Shoot maturation is good. Requires rationing by inflorescences, prone to crop overload. Fruitful shoots 75-80%. fruiting rate- 1.5-1.6. Frost resistance is being studied. Resistant to mildew (3.0 points), oidium (3.5 points), gray rot. Transportability is good.

Brilliant (Victoria x Original white), breeding number 11-13-4-14. The maturation period of this new g.f. very early, in the conditions of Novocherkassk it ripens at the end of July. Conditions as of August 4, 2006: sugar content- 18.4 g/100 cm3, acidity- 6.7 g/dm3.

The results of overwintering in a covering culture in the winter of 2006: 60-70% of blossoming buds, 50-55% of fruitful shoots, fruiting ratio- 1.0-1.1. Bushes of great vigor. Clusters of medium density, with an average weight of 668 g. The berries are oval, pink, slightly colored in the shade of the bush, with an average weight of 8.2 g. The pulp is fleshy-juicy, the skin is practically not felt. The taste is very pleasant, quite strong nutmeg aroma. Transportability is high. Tasting score of fresh grapes 8.9 points. Disease resistance and frost resistance are being studied.

SEEDLESS GRAPES

Their purposeful selection at the Institute has been carried out since 1972. A model of a seedless variety has been developed, which includes such basic indicators as ripening of berries before August 20, sugar accumulation of 20-24 g/100 cm3 with acidity of 4-6 g/dm3, productivity of at least 120 centners/ ha.

The resulting forms are considered by us as intermediaries for further selection. Part of them ( Rusbol, Kishmish Novocherkassky and Shayan ) with the IV category of seedlessness pass the State variety test. Latest Achievements in this area: g.f. Elf (Rusball improved ) - transferred to the GSI in 2005; g.f. Assol .

13-10-10 pc (SV-12-375 x Kishmish Tairovsky pink). working title Assol . New seedless g.f. average ripening period, 130-135 days, SAT 2700-2800°C. In Novocherkassk it ripens in the first half of September. Average strength of growth. Clusters are large, weighing 400-700 g, cylindrical-conical, of moderate density. The berries are small, weighing 2.5-3.0 g, 17.0 x 14.4 mm, elongated, with a pointed tip, pink, harmonious taste. The pulp is juicy. Seedless category II. Shoots ripen well (80%). Rooting of cuttings is high. Fruitful shoots 55-60%, fruiting rate- 0.6-1.0. Load eyes 30-40 eyes per bush. The average yield is 3.2 kg per bush with a planting pattern of 3x0.5 m, or 2.1-2.0 kg per 1 m2 of the bush nutrition area. Frost resistance up to- -24°C , mildew resistant- 3.0, oidium- 2.5-3.0. Tasting evaluation of fresh grapes- 8.2, dried products- 7.8-8.0 points.

WHITE TECHNICAL GRADES. Our Institute achieved the greatest success in breeding white technical interspecific hybrids. Initially, F2 hybrids were obtained from backcrosses of varieties Fragrant, Rival, White, Northern Gulyabi and others with a frost resistance level of -23-24°C. Among them, a group of varieties stood out: Vydvizhenets, Stepnyak, Tsvetochny, which, according to long-term observations, subject to good level agricultural technicians can withstand frosts down to -27°C, and in 2006 a good harvest was obtained in uncovered vineyards of these varieties. Currently, the last three varieties are included in the standard assortment of the Russian Federation and occupy an area of ​​about 600 hectares.

Over the past ten years, State Variety Testing has taken the following varieties: Aksai Muscat. Platovsky, Muscat pridonsky, Stanichny, Razdorsky white , promising G.F. Atlant Dona, Universal, Copper other.

A promising program "Muscat" has been developed with the aim of breeding varieties with high sugar accumulation, early ripening for obtaining liqueur, dessert and sparkling wines with a Muscat aroma. The priority direction in this case will be selection for resistance to phylloxera, oidium in combination with non-oxidizing must, which ensures combine harvesting.

Stanichny (Flower x Zala day). Adopted in the State Variety Test in 2002. The bunch is medium, weighing 240 g, cylindric, dense. Berry with an average weight of 1.8 g, round, light yellow. The skin is thin. The pulp is juicy. The taste is harmonious, simple. Ripens in the conditions of the Lower Don in mid-September, the production period is 141 days. Sugar content- 20 g/100 cm3, acidity 8 g/dm3. The strength of the growth of bushes is average. Fruiting coefficient 1.5. yield- up to 200 c/ha with a load of at least 20 shoots per bush and a feeding area of ​​4.5 m2. It has high resistance to mildew, increased resistance to oidium. It is affected by gray rot at high humidity during the ripening of berries. Requires 1-2 preventive treatments against oidium and a set of protective measures against gray rot. Tolerant to phylloxera. Withstands frosts down to -27°C, has a high regenerative capacity. The recommended planting pattern is 3x1.5 m. The shape of the bush is a two-shouldered cordon with a stem height of 1 m or a high stem. Loading not less than 40 eyes. Pruning short, 3-4 eyes. With most rootstocks the affinity is good. The rooting of cuttings in shkolka is high.

RED TECHNICAL GRADES. For a number of reasons, the Lower Don region, which is the northern zone of industrial viticulture, cannot be considered a typical zone for the production of red wines. Often observed late spring and early autumn frosts drastically shorten the growing season of red industrial varieties, as a result of which they do not always accumulate required amount extractive substances and do not have proper conditions. Three red technical grades are zoned and highly appreciated by producers- Violet early, Saperavi northern and Cabernet northern, well adapted to the northern zone of industrial viticulture, high-yielding, suitable for the production of high-quality wines. The transfer of most of the wine growing farms of the Don to the grafted culture allowed for an enhanced introduction of varieties that are the latest achievements in domestic and foreign breeding. As shown by their long study, almost all of them are inferior to zoned varieties in terms of the degree of adaptation to the harsh conditions of the northern zone. However, their use in hybridization significantly increased the degree of saturation of hybrid forms with new resistance genes, including phylloxera. The result of this stage of selection work are six new red technical varieties, transferred to the State Variety Test: August, Brown, Magic, Denisovsky, Violet, Evening, Black Pearl. Materials are being prepared for transfer to the CSI of the Sharm variety of universal use, with a bright nutmeg aroma.

Evening [(Tsimlyansky black X SV 12-375) x (CB 12--309 X Cossack)]. AT State Register of selection achievements approved for use (GRSD), since 2002. The cluster is large, weighing 230 g, cylindric, medium density. The berries are small and medium, weighing 1.7-1.9 g, round, black. The taste is harmonious. The pulp is juicy, the juice is not colored. In the conditions of the Lower Don region, the technical maturity of berries occurs in mid-September. The production period is 140 days. Bushes of medium vigor. fruiting rate- 1.2-1.4. Yield 160 c/ha with 3x1 m planting pattern. Sugar content- 21-22%, acidity- 9.0 g/l. winter hardiness- up to -26 0 C, suitable for cultivation in non-covering culture. Resistance to mildew and oidium 1.5-2.0 points with 1-2 preventive sprays, to phylloxera- 3.5 points. Formation of bushes- two-shoulder cordon with a trunk height of 1 m. The load on the bush is 20-25 eyes, pruning for 3-4 eyes. The rooting rate of the cuttings is high, the intergrowth in table and green grafting with rootstocks is good. Used to make table red wines.

STOCK GRAPE VARIETIES

In the Lower Don, phylloxera was first noted in 1911, but its spread was controlled for half a century by strict quarantine measures. Pockets of vineyards affected by phylloxera began to appear around cities, mainly on summer cottages, in the mid-50s, and in 1981 several districts of the region were assigned to the zone of partial infection with phylloxera. A collection of rootstocks of 75 variety samples was established at VNIIViV named after V.I. Ya. I. Potapenko in 1982

The study in the dynamics of the experiment of the main indicators of affinity (safety of grafted bushes, crop and its conditions) made it possible to select the most productive graft-rootstock pairs, to develop a method that allows for the rejection of obviously incompatible pairs, to select rootstocks that are most adapted to the harsh conditions of the northern industrial zone of viticulture of the Russian Federation. Breeding work was aimed at obtaining rootstocks with a short growing season, with the beginning of the maturation of the vine at the end of July, while in the Kober 5BB variety this process is observed in mid-August.- early September.

As a result of a comprehensive assessment, the rootstock varieties Andros, Finist and Present were identified and introduced into the GRSS. They have earlier and higher-quality ripening of shoots, frost resistance of the vine at the level of -28-29 0 C, the yield of cuttings suitable for table grafting,- 70-80 thousand pieces per 1 ha. With green grafting provide good harvest and the safety of varieties grafted on them. The next task in the selection of rootstocks is to increase their resistance to salts, lime and nematodes.

Gift [(obtained by hybridization of the variety Ferkal with form from Germany 5153-577 (V . sipe ea X V. riparia)]. In GRSD since 2003. The formed leaf is large, three-lobed, slightly dissected, with a bubbly, shiny surface and slightly overlapping lobes of the petiole notch. flower functionally female type. The vine is light brown, pubescent. The ripening of the vine begins at the end of July, the degree of its ripening is high- 85-88%. Bushes of medium vigor. Present's ability to form stepchildren is weak, which positively distinguishes it from the Ferkal variety. More technologically advanced, needs 1-2 pinchings during the growing season. Output of standard cuttings in Novocherkassk- 85-90 thousand pieces per 1 ha with a planting pattern of 3x1.5 m. Frost resistance of buds and vines is high (-28 0 C), resistance to fungal diseases 1.5-2.0 points, to the root and leaf form of phylloxera- 1.0 points. Chlorosis resistance is much higher than that of the control variety PP 101-14. Intergrowth with graft varieties in green and table grafting is good, at the level of PP 101-14.

RESULTS of breeding work VNIIViV them. Ya. I. Potapenko- not only replenishment of the grape assortment of the entire North Caucasus region, but also the promotion of new varieties to the north- before Ural mountains and so on. New varieties of grapes of complex interspecific origin are very close in terms of crop quality and products to traditional European varieties, but are more profitable due to their ecological and biological plasticity, which made it possible to take the first steps to introduce grape culture to the northern regions.

Svetlana Ivanovna, what varieties and in what terms can be purchased from you?

We grow about 150 varieties self-rooted seedlings grapes and about 60 varieties - grafted. With complete list varieties we offer for sale can be found on the website www.vine.com.ua

Usual implementation dates: October- mid November and mid March- April.

Svetlana Ivanovna Krasokhina , Ph.D. Sciences (VNIIViV named after Ya. I. Potapenko), Novocherkassk, Russia

(Dachnik No. 10, 11, 2006)

Other materials about the cultivation of grapes, including in non-traditional areas, about its varieties and agricultural practices can be found in the section

UDC 634.8: 631.527

AN. Maistrenko

State Scientific Institution "All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after V.I. ME AND. Potapenko Rosselhozakademin, t. Novocherkassk
Considered the formation and development of grape breeding in VNIIViV them. ME AND. Potapenko from the moment of its foundation to the present, the achievements of breeding at different stages of the development of viticulture science, the modern directions and methods of the domestic breeding process are disclosed.

The integration of Russian viticulture and winemaking into the global economy involves organizational, economic and legal support for the production of high-quality wine products, reducing the cost of grapes in the harsh conditions of the northern continental climate. One of effective ways intensification of the domestic grape and wine industry on present stage is the improvement of the assortment of grapes by methods of selection and introduction. The specifics of the development of the industry in Russia in the 20th century differed significantly from the global one. The same trend has continued in the 21st century, due to the specifics of natural, climatic and economic conditions. A number of problems are associated with the varietal composition of plantations, the peculiarities of grape cultivation technologies and the production of wine products.
The domestic grape assortment should ensure the sustainable production of wines and table grapes of the highest quality, reduce the area of ​​covered vineyards, reduce the risk of damage to plants by frost and frost, diseases and pests, reduce the pesticide load and obtain environmentally friendly products.
From the first days of the founding of the All-Russian Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking, prof. M.A. Lazarevsky, K.P. Squinem, P.M. Gramotenko and others carried out selection work in order to obtain a conveyor of grape varieties in terms of ripening, starting from the very early ones. Gradually, by the method of hybridization within the species V. vinifera using vintage varieties folk selection (Don, Dagestan, Georgian, Uzbek, etc.), as well as the best European varieties, that is, varieties from different ecological and geographical groups, a gene pool with a high yield was created, different periods ripening, with berries of various sizes, shapes and colors, which formed the basis of our ampelographic collection. After the Great Patriotic War breeding work in this direction was continued by M.A. Lazarevsky and his students: K.Z. Bezruchenko, A.M. Aliyev, T.A. Bird. The zoned assortment of grapes of that time included their varieties: Narodny, Dessert, Belorozovy, Zorevoy, Special, Planovy, Donskoy scarlet, Pukhlyakovsky new, etc.
Special attention was given to bug selection of native varieties Tsimlyansky black, Krasnostop zolotovsky. Kokur white and others. As a result, N.K. Sergeenko identified and transferred to the SSI a clone of the Tsimlyansky black variety, which is 2 times more productive than the original population without reducing its unique qualities, as well as an early-ripening clone of the Kokur white variety called Dolgiy precocious.
A new stage in grape breeding began with the arrival of Ya.I. Potapenko and E.I. Zakharova in 1943, who even before the war created in Michurinsk hybrids of European-Amur origin of the first generation - Severny, Zarya Severa. Using them in further breeding work, Ya.I. Potapenko with his students I.A. Kostrikin, I.N. Xian, L.I. Proskurney and others bred varieties of a new type, which were the ancestors of a generation of grapes with increased resistance to frost and mildew, a short growing season, and good sugar accumulation. From 1958 to 1970 in State test the breeding department handed over 43 varieties, including winter-hardy ones: Suvorovets, Honey, Liquor, Muscat Donskoy, Festivalny, Violet early, Vvydvizhenets, Cabernet northern, Saperavi northern, Stepnyak, Tsvetochny, etc. The last 6 varieties are still included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements, approved for use, and actively multiply not only in Russia, but also in Ukraine. Creation frost-resistant varieties allowed the viticulture of the RSFSR to switch to non-covering culture.

Subsequently, these and other varieties of the first generation were used in hybridization by breeders of our institute, scientific institutions of Moldova, Ukraine, Bulgaria. Hungary, Czech Republic, Germany and other countries.
Further increase in frost and winter hardiness was carried out in the third generation, where the European-Amur hybrids F, and F2 served as the initial forms. So the varieties Aksai, Skif and Kazachka were bred, which withstand frosts down to minus 27-29°C. As a result of selection of table varieties for non-covering culture, European-Amur hybrids F4 and F6 Agat Donskoy and Vostorg were obtained, which can withstand minus 25 ° C frost.
In the mid-70s, a period of mass distribution of phylloxera began on the Don. The issue of transition to a grafted culture, the introduction of new phylloxera-resistant varieties into the assortment, became acute. Since that time, phylloxera resistance has become one of the main areas of grape breeding at VNIIViV. Hybridization with European-Amur varieties began to actively involve hybrids of Sepv Villar, Chamboursin and complex European-American varieties of domestic and foreign breeding, and large-scale work began on the selection of phylloxera-resistant rootstocks. Joint breeding work was launched with Bulgaria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Germany. The result of joint work was the introduction of more than 300 varieties and hybrid forms of the latest foreign selection, the creation of varieties Druzhba, Slava, Rusbol, Muskat Aksai, Razdorsky white (together with Bulgaria), Rusven and Viktor (together with Hungary). Over the past 30 years, 40 grape varieties have been transferred to the GSI, of which only Tason is of European origin, and the rest are interspecific.
At present, the method of combinative selection of grapes is widely used at the institute. The creation of local varieties based on the hybridization of complementary initial forms from various ecological and geographical groups with the involvement of the most valuable complex interspecific hybrids of the third to sixth generations is carried out in 4 directions:
- selection of table grape varieties for resistance to frost down to minus 27°C and more, major diseases and phylloxera, large berry, high marketability and taste qualities;
- selection of seedless varieties, the same requirements as for table varieties, plus a high class of seedlessness, suitability for drying, early ripening, high sugar accumulation. Biotechnology methods are used to obtain hybrid offspring by crossing two seedless varieties;
- selection of technical varieties for productivity, early maturity, resistance to frost down to minus 28°C and more, major diseases and phylloxera, high quality wine;
- selection of rootstock varieties - breeding a variety with a productivity of more than 100 thousand cuttings per 1 ha, resistance to fungal diseases 1-1.5 points, frost minus 28 ° C and more, good affinity with graft varieties.
The most significant progress has been made in the selection of table varieties. Under the scientific guidance and with the direct participation of I.A. Kostrikin, on the basis of the Vostorg variety, the first generation hybrids were obtained by hybridization: Alexa, Delight oval (aka Baklanovsky), Delight muscat. Perfect Delight, Glasha, Golden Don, Kesha, Tamerlane, Timur, Very Early Elegant and others, as well as forms with a functional female type of flower (FZhT): Victoria, Wax, Red Delight, Talisman, Sashenka, Elegant, etc. Then all these forms were again used in crosses. Particularly effective were hybrid populations with the Talisman variety, which turned out to be a donor of the large-berry trait. Actually, on the basis of the Talisman and other forms with FZhT - derivatives of the Vostorg variety, a “breeding boom” began in amateur viticulture. Today there is an extensive hybrid fund of table grapes with excellent commercial qualities for every taste, color and ripening period thanks to the varieties Vostorg, Talisman and the breeders who created them - I.A. Kostrikin, A.S. Skripnikova, L.A. Maistrenko. The baton was taken by Art. scientific employee of the SI selection laboratory. Krasokhina and amateur breeders: E.A. Klyuchikov, V.N. Krainov, V.U. Kapelyushny, E.G. Pavlovsky and others. The varieties Baklanovsky and Talisman were transferred to the SSI. The main task in the selection of table varieties is to increase phylloxero- and frost resistance.
In the selection of seedless varieties head. selection laboratory L.A. Maistrenko obtained varieties III-IV of the seedless class that can withstand frosts down to minus 26 ° C: Rusbol, Elf, Kishmish Novocherkassky, Shayan. Using varieties Talisman and Rusbol in hybridization, we created an extensive hybrid fund with a seedless class, frost resistance down to minus 27 ° C and high quality dried products. SI. Krasokhina developed a technology for obtaining large (from 6 to 20 g) seedless berries from seed table varieties. N.V. Bernikova conducts breeding work on crossing seedless varieties with each other using biotechnological methods, growing hybrid offspring in a test tube in an in vitro culture.
More than half of the total hybrid stock of the institute is made up of industrial grape populations. There are many developments in the selection of red technical varieties. Rootstock varieties are actively used in crosses as donors of phylloxera and frost resistance. Leading breeder of the Institute I.N. Xiang transferred to the GSI varieties: Augusta, Evening. Magic. Violet. Black pearl, Brown hair. Variety Shaten is resistant to phylloxera, withstands frost down to minus 30 ° C, therefore it can be cultivated in its own root, non-covering culture. Five more forms are being prepared for transfer to variety testing: Black Eyes, Alena, Vesta, Tonus, Triada, which, in addition to complex stability, are distinguished by high quality wines.
In the selection of white technical varieties, the best breeding achievements are involved in hybridization - their own and introduced ones. As a result, the following varieties were transferred to the SSI: Muscat Aksai, Razdorsky white, Muscat Pridonsky, Platovsky, Stanichny. Variety Platovsky entered the State. registry due to high biological plasticity, very early ripening, high sugar accumulation ability. Variety Stanichny is resistant to mildew and oidium, gave a harvest after frosts of minus 28 ° C. Currently, elite forms are being prepared for transfer to the GSI: Atlant Dona, Barbariska, Ice, Firefly, Universal.
Atlant Dona(CB 12-375 × Seedless Magaracha) is highly resistant to fungal diseases, with a very large bunch - up to 2.5 kg. Frost resistance up to minus 26°C, yield more than 100c/ha.
barberry(Druzhba × Pifos) is highly resistant to fungal diseases, very high sugar accumulation (28.08.2007 over 350 g / dm 3) - Bunch weight - 250 g, berries 2.5 g. Frost resistance up to minus 26 ° C, yield more 100 q/ha.
Ice(Grushevsky white × Phoenix) is characterized by high frost resistance (down to minus 29°C), yield of 150 c/ha and more, and resistance to fungal diseases.
Glowworm(Rosinka × Orion) shows a consistently high yield, disease resistance, frost resistance down to minus 27°C.
station wagon(SV 12-375 * Druzhba) is characterized by high frost resistance (down to minus 29°C), yield of 150 c/ha and more, and resistance to fungal diseases. The mass of the bunch is 300 g, the berries are 3 g with a light nutmeg aroma.

All elite hybrid forms are promising for making natural juices, dry, sparkling and dessert wines. Well rooted and grow together with rootstock varieties.
The most biologically plastic hybrid forms of grapes are used in backcrosses and saturation crosses in order to create highly adaptive and productive varieties.
At the same time, the selection center of the institute is working to improve the breeding process, developing methods for its acceleration, wider use of biotechnologies in breeding and accelerated reproduction of grapes, and searching for new donors of economically valuable traits. With changes in the country's economy and, accordingly, the institute's economy, the previous scheme for accelerating the selection process turned out to be labor-intensive and high-cost. Therefore, we are currently working to reduce its cost based on the balanced use of various man-made factors. We study the effect and concentrations of various growth regulators and microfertilizers at all stages of seedling development, select soil media, agricultural practices, etc. As a result, the breeding process acceleration scheme has changed, with the same seedling volume, the occupied area has been halved. Using the methods of early prediction of the quality of seedlings, without waiting for their fruiting, the most viable of them
are grafted onto rootstock bushes for further study and selection. After the secondary isolation, elite seedlings multiply up to 50 bushes each and are transferred to the SSI and production test. Thus, the cost of obtaining a new variety is halved at the same time.
Everything that we have today in world viticulture has been created by the painstaking work of more than one generation of breeders. AT modern conditions continuous pollution environment, varieties cultivated 100-200 years ago simply will not survive. And the fact that we eat delicious and beautiful grapes, drink good wine is the merit of the breeders who have bred these varieties, who have identified new clones. In viticulture, variety change and variety renewal is a natural process. Not only natural-ecological, economic, technogenic conditions change, but the requirements for varieties also change accordingly. Today VNIIViV them. ME AND. Potapenko supports in the State. register of 50 grape varieties, of which 21 are selected by the Institute. In total, the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use contains 167 grape varieties, including 17 rootstocks, which makes it possible individual approach in the formation of the assortment of grapes of the regions, a particular farm and even a particular vineyard.
Work on creating the ideal variety and improving the breeding process continues.