What is the sequence of extinguishing a vertical surface. Way of vertical extinguishing, fire localization

A fire extinguisher is the primary equipment that is used in the event of a fire being detected and allows it to be completely or partially eliminated before the arrival of the fire service. That is why these devices, according to safety regulations, should be in every home, office, enterprise, and even in a car. What types of fire extinguishers can be found today?

General information

A fire extinguisher is a stationary or mobile type of device designed to extinguish small spontaneous fires. All these devices work on the principle of injecting their contents onto a hearth or object engulfed in flames.

Most often they look like a special red balloon equipped with a special nozzle or tube. And the substance contained inside it is under pressure and, if necessary, is brought to the surface by pressing the appropriate lever.

Fire extinguishers: types and characteristics

Depending on your direct destination and the expected class of fire, all fire extinguishers can be conditionally divided into five types:

liquid;
powder;
gas or carbon dioxide;
air foam;
air-emulsion.

What fire extinguishers are called liquid?

Liquid, or water types of fire extinguishers are fire-fighting agents designed to extinguish class A fires (ignition solids) and B (combustion of liquid substances).

They have the form of cylinders marked "S" and contain water or a solution on water based containing chemically active substances. It is noteworthy that such devices are not suitable for extinguishing other classes of fire. But on the other hand, it is liquid devices that, due to the presence of natural components in their composition, are considered the safest for health.

What are powder fire extinguishers?

Powder devices are universal types used fire extinguishers that can be safely used to extinguish almost all classes of fires: A, B, C (ignition of gaseous substances) and E (burning of electrical appliances and other objects under the influence of electricity). They have the established marking "OP" (devices general purpose or use).

The composition of such fire extinguishers includes substances that have a powder base, as well as mineral salts and other components that allow you to keep the device in its original state. In other words, they save the powder from moisture and do not prevent the formation of lumps in it.

What subtypes of devices are powder fire extinguishers?

Powder fire extinguishers (purpose, types, application of these devices are listed in this article) are conventionally divided into separate groups:

pumping;
gas generating;
self-triggering.

The composition of injection devices, as a rule, includes two components: a fire extinguishing powder and an inert gas (for example, nitrogen or carbon dioxide can act as its role). Sometimes, instead of inert gas, air is placed in cylinders under pressure of 15-16 atm. With the help of such a device, it is possible to extinguish fires of classes from A to E.

In addition, there is an internal pressure indicator on the head of the injection fire extinguishers, which clearly demonstrates their performance. If everything is in order with the equipment, the indicator scale will turn green.

Gas generating - fire extinguishers operating on the principle of using energy, the generation of which occurs during the extinguishing of a fire (at this moment, gas escapes and the extinguishing agent itself is released). Such devices have general principle startup, except necessary period waiting (is 6-10 seconds). Here are the types (fire extinguishers of this type can be seen in the photo below) belong to gas appliances.

There are also self-acting fire extinguishers. As their name implies, such devices can work without the direct participation of a person. Most often they are part of the fire extinguishing system and are able to work only at a certain temperature. It is these devices that are usually installed in offices, warehouses, garages and domestic premises.

What are gas fire extinguishers?

Gas or carbon dioxide devices are a large group of devices that have one common “OU” marking. It includes the following types of fire extinguishers:

aerosol;
carbon dioxide-bromoethyl.

Many years ago, the same group included dangerous tetrachloric fire extinguishers, known for their negative effect on human body. The fact is that during the extinguishing of a fire with the help of such equipment, chemical reaction: breathable gas was released. Therefore, it was possible to use the equipment only by wearing a gas mask, which caused extreme inconvenience.

Later, safer carbon dioxide types of fire extinguishers containing carbon dioxide began to be produced. Moreover, such devices have acquired both mobile and manual view. Such equipment, as practice shows, is used to extinguish fires of classes B and C. Most often they are used where it is impossible to get rid of the flame with water or powder.

The composition of aerosol and carbon dioxide-bromoethyl fire extinguishers includes the so-called halogenated hydrocarbons. When they are used, a lot of oxygen accumulates in the source of ignition (up to 18%), only at such a concentration of gas does the fire extinguish.

Where should gas fire extinguishers not be used?

However, it is not possible to use everywhere gas species fire extinguishers, and their use directly depends on the combustion process. In particular, flames must not be extinguished on objects made of, for example, aluminium, magnesium or sodium. The fact is that such substances can burn without access to oxygen, so gas devices simply will not work on them.

With their help, it is also impossible to extinguish the pipeline, or equipment with a high operating temperature. This is due to the cooling effect that is observed when using reactive carbon dioxide. Otherwise, a sharp drop temperature regime may lead to subsequent depressurization.

What are foam fire extinguishers used for?

Air-foam fire extinguishers are devices that are used to suppress fires in materials that are prone to prolonged smoldering, such as paper, coal, wood and plastic. In addition, such fire extinguishers can be used to extinguish flames that have arisen on liquids that have an oil base, such as oil, oils and paints.

However, air-foam equipment cannot be used to extinguish buildings and structures made of aluminum, sodium, magnesium, potassium and other alkaline earth metals. They are also not suitable for extinguishing flames in electrical installations that are connected to electricity.

Thanks to water-foam fire extinguishers, it is possible to quickly localize the source of fire due to the foam cover released from them, blocking the access of oxygen to the burning object.

What are air emulsion fire extinguishers?

Air-emulsion fire extinguishers are devices designed to extinguish fires of classes A, B and E. Their principle of operation is based on the energy of compressed air, used when applying a fire extinguishing emulsion to a flame.

With the help of such fire extinguishers, fires associated with gaseous substances (propane, ammonia, household gas), alkaline earth metals and the combustion of cotton and pyroxylin cannot be extinguished.

We examined what types of fire extinguishers are and the purpose of each type.

A carbon dioxide fire extinguisher is a special device that allows you to cope with the ignition of substances of various nature that cannot burn without direct access to air. The rules for using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher are described in detail in this article.

Where to use

Most often, this type of fire extinguisher can be found in urban and railway transport, various electrical installations, as well as in places such as museums, archives, galleries and libraries.

Please note that the rules for using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher prohibit its use to eliminate the ignition of substances that can burn without oxygen. These include calcium, potassium, sodium, and polymer materials. Do not forget about cotton, sawdust, grass flour and pyroxylin.

How does a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher work?

The operation of this unit is to displace the charge of CO 2 under the influence of excess pressure. This pressure is usually set during the filling of the unit's tank.

Most often, carbon dioxide is placed in a cylinder at a pressure of 58 kilograms per square centimeter. At the same time, the air temperature is twenty degrees.

The maximum allowable pressure is 150 kilograms per square centimeter, at an operating temperature of 50 degrees Celsius.

The rules for using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher report that when the shut-off and starting device is opened, a strong charge of carbon dioxide enters the bell through the siphon tube. During this time interval, the contents of the fire extinguisher pass from liquid state into gaseous. In this case, the contents of the balloon can increase in volume up to five hundred times. This process is accompanied by cooling the temperature to -72 degrees Celsius, as well as partial crystallization.

The carbon dioxide filling the fire extinguisher has the ability to cool the ignited zones by diluting the combustible medium with a non-combustible substance to such a state until the combustion reactions completely stop.

Rules for using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher

In fact, using this unit is not at all difficult. The main thing is to remember and perform a few simple actions and manage to cope with the growing fire in time.

So, what needs to be done to bring the fire extinguisher into action:

Break the seal from it or pull out the check.

Confidently direct the bell itself to the place of ignition.

And then you need to act depending on the type of unit. If you have a mobile fire extinguisher, then rotate the hearth fully 180 degrees. For a valve type device, you will have to turn the handwheel fully counterclockwise. For the shut-off and starting unit, it will be enough just to press the lever.

Types of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers

OU-3 is one of the types of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers with the following characteristics:

The jet length is 3 meters.
4.3 liters of fire-fighting agent will intervene in the cylinder.
The mass of a complete, ready-to-use unit is 11 kilograms.
OU-3 can be used at ambient temperature from -40 to +50 degrees Celsius.
The term of use is one year.

The OU-5 fire extinguisher has the following characteristics:

The mass of the unit is 17 kilograms.
The length of the jet reaches three meters.
Can be used at ambient temperatures from -40 to +50 degrees Celsius.
At the same time, the service life of the OU-5 fire extinguisher can be about five years with right conditions storage.

The OU-2 fire extinguisher is another type of carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, which is characterized by the following parameters:

The capacity of the cylinder is only 2.68 liters.
In this case, the ejection of the substance passes at a distance of two meters.
The mass of the filled device is 8 kilograms.
The operating temperature range ranges from -40 to +50 degrees Celsius.

Operating rules

Firefighting equipment should always be in a visible and easily accessible place. At the same time, create conditions for the fire extinguisher so that direct sunlight does not fall on it, and also that there are no heating and heating devices near it. You can use the unit and store it at an ambient temperature of -40 to +50 degrees Celsius.

A carbon dioxide fire extinguisher (OU) must be recharged and repaired only in specially designed places. This includes charging stations and other specialized organizations. Each cylinder must be re-certified five years after the device has been manufactured.

At the same time, its contents must be monitored at least once every two years.

Important Safety Precautions

After the fire-fighting equipment has been used indoors, the building must be ventilated. With special care, you need to take the fire extinguishing procedure to a person holding a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher in his hands. Indeed, during the release of the charge from the socket, the temperature on the surface of the device usually drops to -60-70 degrees Celsius.

The rules for using the OU-2 carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, as well as its other varieties, categorically prohibit the following actions:

direct the jet in the direction where people are standing;
carry out repairs in a room with a pressurized fire extinguisher.

Do not use the device without seals and checks installed by the manufacturer. It is also forbidden to carry out any repairs yourself.

Some features of the application

The carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, the instructions for which are described in this article, has the following application features:

The possibility of getting frostbite as a result of a sharp decrease in temperature in the nodes of the device itself.
There is a possibility of significant thermal stresses as a result of very rapid cooling of flammable objects.
There is a risk of a strong decrease in the amount of oxygen in the air.
Vapors of carbon dioxide have a toxic effect on the human body. They can cause suffocation and dizziness. With such symptoms, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher device

A standard carbon dioxide fire extinguisher consists of a cylinder body made of steel, a siphon tube, as well as a bell and a shut-off mechanism. The balloon itself is filled with carbon dioxide under high pressure.

The siphon tube is immersed in liquid carbon dioxide, which leads to the subsequent rise and release of RH.

The purpose of the funnel is to optimize the ejection and properly distribute the substance.

The locking mechanism usually consists of checks or seals that serve reliable protection due to improper use of the device. Also in its structure there is a lever, with the help of which the fire extinguishing action is activated. The top cover is for safety storage.

The cylinder itself is made of durable steel and painted red.

General rules for proper fire extinguishing

Before you start extinguishing a fire, you need to identify its source. Only then can you determine which fire extinguisher is suitable for this. This information can usually be obtained by looking at the device label.

It is worth starting to extinguish the fire from the windless side, gradually approaching the very source of ignition. If a vertical surface burns, it must be extinguished from top to bottom.

If the room is equipped with several fire extinguishers, then they must be used simultaneously. Keep a close eye on the source of the fire, because the fire can flare up again. Never turn your back on him. After the fire extinguisher is used, be sure to send it to recharge.

By following these rules and starting to act in time, you can easily cope with small fires. In emergency situations, do not try to cope with the fire yourself, call the fire department. And do not forget to monitor the condition of your fire extinguisher, because the lives of many people can depend on it.

Hand-held carbon dioxide fire extinguishers of the OU type are designed to extinguish small fires of electrical wires, cables, electrical installations up to 1000 V (extinguish only when the voltage is off).

How to operate a fire extinguisher:

remove the fire extinguisher and bring it to the fire;
break the seal, pull out the check;
point the bell at the fire and press the lever;
during operation (emission of snow-covered carbon dioxide through the bell), it is not allowed to take the bell with your hand, in order to avoid frostbite;
when extinguishing a switch or socket, if the flame goes up through the wiring, the fire extinguisher jet is directed first to the source of fire - the socket or switch, and only then the flame is knocked down at the top.
locking-starting device allows you to interrupt the supply of carbon dioxide.

Do not use fire extinguishers that have damage (dents, nuts, etc.). You can not use untested fire extinguishers (without a manufacturer's passport and without a seal). Do not throw fire extinguishers, they are only allowed to be stored on special stands with fasteners. Do not store fire extinguishers near heating appliances.

When the fire extinguisher is operating, direct the socket in the right direction and hold it only with the help of a handle specially mounted on the movable tube. If there is no such handle, then the supply pipes must have plastic coatings. In no case should you hold the socket of a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher with an unprotected, bare hand - carbon dioxide snow has a very low temperature and this can cause severe frostbite on the hands.

Powder fire extinguisher (OP-4,5,8,10)

They are used to extinguish almost all classes of fires, including electrical equipment under voltage up to 1000 V. The scope of their application depends on the type of powder used in the fire extinguisher. Today it is the most common type of fire extinguishers. The temperature range of their application can reach values from -50 to +50 С°.

These fire extinguishers can extinguish small fires of electrical appliances, combustible gases and liquids.
Inside the fire extinguisher is a special powder, which, when sprayed, creates a film on the surface of the fired object.
The powder in the OP irritates the respiratory system, so when working with it, you need to use a protective bandage.

The procedure for bringing the fire extinguisher into action

make sure that the fire extinguisher is charged (look at the pressure sensor);
pull out a check;
point the fire extinguisher at the fire, press the lever down;
fire extinguishing from the windward side.
it is allowed to repeatedly open and close the exhaust valve when extinguishing a fire.

4.2 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE APPLICATION OF GAOP

After starting the generator, it must be thrown into a burning car or in an emergency to a place free from people, even if there is no certainty that the starting device has worked.

It is forbidden to remove the cap from the starter until a decision is made on the use of a generator.

It is forbidden to use the generator:

in wagons where people are;
in the absence of signs of fiery combustion;

- in the case when the aerosol will prevent the evacuation of people;

It is forbidden to try to stop the operation of the

generator action.

Air-foam fire extinguisher (OVP-4)

1. Purpose

Air-foam injection fire extinguishers MIG are designed to equip authorities and departments for emergencies, object protection National economy, Vehicle, as well as for use in living conditions as primary remedy extinguishing fires of classes A (solid smoldering materials), B (combustible liquids).

Fire extinguishers are not designed to extinguish fires of alkali, alkaline earth metals and other materials, the combustion of which can occur without access to air, as well as fires of class C (combustible gases) and E (electrical installations energized up to 1000V).

1. Procedure for extinguishing a fire

2.1 To extinguish fires in open areas from the windward side.

2.2 When extinguishing, direct the OTV jet to the base of the flame and, at the same time, operate the flexible hose in such a way that the entire burning surface is covered with foam and the highest concentration of foam is created in the combustion zone.

3. Safety instructions

3.1 Persons working with fire extinguishers when charging a fire extinguisher must comply with the safety and personal hygiene requirements set forth in the RD for fire extinguishing agents.

3.2 Premises in which work is carried out on charging OTV must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation according to GOST 12.4.021, lighting according to SNB 2.04.05-98 and heating according to SNB 4.02.01-03.

3.3 It is not allowed to use a fire extinguisher to protect equipment that can be damaged by moisture (computers, electronic equipment, etc.)

- operate fire extinguishers in case of dents, swellings or cracks on the fire extinguisher body, on the shut-off and starting device, as well as in case of violation of the tightness of the LSD and the body; with a faulty pressure indicator;

- perform any work if the fire extinguisher body is under the pressure of the working gas;

- strike a fire extinguisher;

When the fire extinguisher is operating, direct the OTV jet towards nearby people.

Operating procedure
1. The rules for bringing the fire extinguisher into action are indicated on the label.
2. The placement and operation of fire extinguishers at facilities must be carried out strictly in accordance with the requirements of NPB 166-97, GOST 12.4.009 rules for the design and safety of operation of pressure vessels.
3. Fire extinguishers should be located on the protected object in such a way that they are protected from direct sunlight, heat fluxes, mechanical influences and other adverse factors - vibration, aggressive environment, high humidity etc.
4. Fire extinguishers must be clearly visible and easily accessible in the event of a fire.
Device

OVP-4(3), OVP-8(3), OVP-10(3)

Pos. 1-shut-off and starting device, 2-body, 3-siphon tube, 4-sprayer.

6. Recharge

6.1 Fire extinguishers must be recharged after full or partial use, in the presence of comments identified during the external inspection if a leak is detected.

6.2 With increased fire hazard object (room of category A) or when fire extinguishers are exposed to such unfavorable factors as ambient temperature close to the limit value, air humidity more than 90% (at 25 ° C), corrosive environment, vibration, etc., checking fire extinguishers and OTV control should be carried out at least once every 6 months.

6.3 Fire extinguishers must be recharged more than once every 5 years from the date of issue.

6.4 Fire extinguishers exposed to adverse climatic and/or physical factors must be recharged at least once a year.

Air-emulsion fire extinguisher (OVE-5)

1. Technical data

The air-emulsion injection fire extinguisher OVE-5(z)-AVE is designed to suppress fires of solid combustible substances (class A), flammable and combustible liquids (class B) in residential premises, offices, administrative, industrial buildings, transport, outdoor terrain, etc., including without power outages up to 10,000 V. An aqueous solution is used as a fire extinguishing agent (OTV).

"FRAM" according to TU 2481-002-621 30960-2009.

The fire extinguisher is not designed to extinguish class D fires (metals and organometallic compounds that interact with water).

2. The device and principle of operation of the fire extinguisher

2.1 The fire extinguisher (see Fig. 1) consists of a housing 1, on the neck of which a head 2 is installed, equipped with a shut-off and start valve with a siphon tube 3 and a filter 4, a start lever 5, a pressure indicator b and a safety pin 7 with a seal 8. K a hose 9 with a spray nozzle 10 is connected to the outlet fitting of the head 2. The principle of operation of the fire extinguisher is based on the use of compressed air energy to supply a fire extinguishing agent to the fire.

Pressure control in the fire extinguisher is visual according to the indications of the pressure indicator. The indicator pointer should be in the green sector of the scale. The position of the indicator needle in the red sector of the scale indicates insufficient or excessive pressure in the fire extinguisher housing.

The fire extinguisher works as follows. After removing the seal, you must remove the check. Then press the start lever 5 In this case, the movable part of the locking and starting device will move down. The supply valve will open and the fire extinguisher located in the fire extinguisher housing under overpressure compressed gas, through a siphon tube 3, a hose 9 and a spray nozzle 10 is fed to extinguish the fire.

1- fire extinguisher body, 2- head, 3- siphon tube, 4- filter, 5- trigger lever, 6- pressure indicator, 7- safety pin, 8- seal, 9- hose, 10- spray nozzle.

3. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE AND OPERATION

FIRE EXTINGUISHER.

3.1 The use of the fire extinguisher is allowed to persons who have studied this operation manual, as well as the guiding inscriptions on the body of the fire extinguisher.

1. It is forbidden to use a fire extinguisher:
when any deformations appear on the body or locking and starting device;
with a faulty pressure indicator;
without a seal on the check;

| strike a fire extinguisher;

At temperatures below minus 40 or above + 50°С:

1. It is not allowed to place the fire extinguisher near heating devices, in the area of direct sunlight and precipitation.

3.5After use, the fire extinguisher should be sent for recharging.

3.6. Periodically, at least once a month, it is necessary to inspect the fire extinguisher. The pressure indicator pointer should be in the green sector of the scale. If the arrow of the pressure indicator has gone beyond the left border of the green sector of the scale (the pressure of the compressed gas in the fire extinguisher is less than the maximum allowable), the fire extinguisher must be sent for recharging.

3.7. Recharging and maintenance of the fire extinguisher are carried out only by a specialized organization. At maintenance fire extinguisher, parts and extinguishing agents used by the manufacturer are used. Data on the maintenance, repair and recharging of fire extinguishers should be entered in the passport.

3.8 The service life of the fire extinguisher is 10 years without recharging and re-examination.

3.9 To extinguish a fire, it is necessary:

break the seal;
pull out a check;
bring a fire extinguisher to the place of ignition;

Aim the spray nozzle at the fire and press the start lever.
After the extinguishing is completed, it is necessary to make sure that there are no unextinguished foci of combustion or smoldering.

4. Safety instructions

4.1 It is forbidden to carry out any kind of repair work or dismantling of structural elements of a pressurized fire extinguisher.

1. ATTENTION! When extinguishing fires in rooms, on transport without turning off the power supply with voltage up to 10,000 V, the minimum distance from the spray nozzle to current-carrying electrical elements must be at least 3 meters. In this case, extinguishing should be carried out by repeated short-term supply of fire extinguishing agents to the source of ignition. In the case when it is impossible to provide a minimum distance of 3 m from the operator to the current-carrying element that is energized, it is necessary to de-energize the electrical equipment before starting to extinguish the fire. In the process of extinguishing fires without turning off the power supply with voltage up to 10,000 V, do not allow:
contact of filling OTV with current-carrying elements;
water spreading on the floor and not to step into the spills of fire extinguishing agents that are in contact with the current-carrying elements of the power supply system. In order to increase safety, it is recommended to use a protective dielectric kit (boots and gloves).

4.3 It is forbidden to step behind the protective fences or step into the straits of fire extinguishing agents that come into contact with current-carrying elements. It is forbidden to extinguish a fire in heavily smoky rooms and with limited visibility, without means personal protection respiratory and visual organs.

4.4 Fire extinguishers supplied for use on the rolling stock of Russian railways(Russian Railways), with a voltage of the power supply network ± 110V,. -220 V + 10% can be used to extinguish a fire in the electrical panel of the conductor car at a distance of at least 1.0 m from the current-carrying element to the fire extinguisher spray nozzle. In order to increase safety, it is recommended to provide the conductor with a dielectric kit (boots and gloves).

In the event of a fire.

Basic knowledge different types fire extinguishers to deal with small fires.

How to use fire extinguishers

Fire extinguishers are in the form of a cylinder, painted red. From its nozzle comes a stream of filler designed to extinguish a fire - water or a certain chemical substance.

Devices are classified depending on the method of action on the source of ignition. Each species has its own characteristics.

But there is general rules use of fire extinguishers that are applicable to any of them:

breaking the seal and pulling out the pin, bring the device into working position;
for fire protection and harmful substances take a position on the windy side, at a distance of at least 3 m from the place of ignition;
direct the jet from the fire extinguisher not at the flame, but at the base of the fire;
if a fire broke out in a niche, the jet should be started from top to bottom;
in the presence of several fire extinguishers, it is necessary to mobilize others and use all devices at the same time;
after the elimination of the hearth, you should make sure that there are no more traces of the flame.

The procedure for using fire extinguishers prescribes to recharge them after the fire is extinguished, for which there are special services that have the appropriate license.

Foam fire extinguisher

To extinguish solid materials or combustible liquids, a foam fire extinguisher is used, the purpose and rules of use indicate the impossibility of their use when extinguishing wires going to the power supply, or installations connected to high voltage, since the foam formed from aqueous solutions of acids and alkalis has conductive properties.

The device must also not be used to extinguish objects containing alkaline or alkaline earth metals. They react with water, releasing hydrogen, which will only increase the flame. They are also ineffective when extinguishing alcohol - it dissolves in water, and the foam collapses.

Air foam devices

The filler of air-foam fire extinguishers has the following composition:

air - about 90%;
water - 9.8%;
foaming agent - 0.2%.

The rules for using an air-foam fire extinguisher recommend:

having removed the seal, turn the handle of the device 180 degrees;
start the foaming mechanism by turning the device upside down;
aim at the flame and remove the tube;
press the lever and put the jet on fire.

Their minor disadvantage is a small range of application temperatures - from 5 to 45 degrees.

Powder filled machines

The most accessible and versatile in application powder fire extinguishers(OP). They can be used to extinguish almost all classes of fires, (from A to C), including 1000 V.

The exception is materials that can burn without air. The cylinder is filled with powdered mineral salts that slow down the combustion process.

The composition of the powder meets the established standards environmental safety, therefore, the rules for using a powder fire extinguisher allow:

start their application at the time of ignition, without waiting for the evacuation of people from the premises;
not to use by special means protection during work.

In areas where there is a high risk of fire, for example, in elevators, garbage bins, self-triggering powder devices are installed.

They are automatically activated when the temperature rises to a certain level. When localizing a fire at electrical installations, the charge is supplied in separate portions, every 3-4 seconds.

The rules for using a powder-type fire extinguisher indicate that its service life can reach 10 years, subject to the maintenance rules:

recharging it every 5 years;
storage in a vertical position at a temperature of minus 40 to plus 50 degrees;
its regular serviceability.

CO2 devices

carbon dioxide in liquefied used as a filler for carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, the purpose and rules of use are determined by the properties of carbon dioxide and application features. The elimination of the fire is achieved due to the action of carbon dioxide on the combustible medium and the cooling of the fire area.

When the device is activated, carbon dioxide turns into a gaseous state, the pressure of which reaches 5.7 MPa. The volume of dioxide increases 400-500 times with simultaneous cooling to -72 degrees.

Therefore, the rules for using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher require careful handling:

during fire extinguishing, the socket of the device must be located no further than 1 m from the place of ignition;
inhalation of carbon dioxide can cause dizziness, so it is necessary to ventilate the room;
do not touch metal parts with bare hands, so as not to get frostbite;
it is also forbidden to use carbon dioxide to extinguish burning clothes on the victim in order to prevent frostbite;
after work, the device is sent to the gas station.

Precautionary measures

Fire extinguishers are safe when used properly. However, their violation can lead to unpleasant consequences or even accidents.

Therefore, you must first read the instructions for using fire extinguishers so that you can use them quickly and efficiently at the right time.

It is forbidden to use devices:

with cracks and dents on the body or signs of corrosion;
inflict blows on the body;
test the device without providing reliable protection;
use a fire extinguisher without using personal protective equipment;
direct the sleeve of the body during work towards the surrounding people;
dump in environment foam residues.

The procedure for using a fire extinguisher requires taking into account the features of the application different types devices to ensure the safety of work, for example:

when extinguishing a fire with a carbon dioxide device - the likelihood of a decrease in the oxygen concentration in the room;
in the case of foam machines - the possibility of damage by acid or alkali;
when using powder - reducing visibility on the territory due to high dust content.

Conclusion

Not only the safety of property, but also the lives of people largely depend on the ability to respond correctly and quickly in the event of a fire hazard. Therefore, the presence of a fire extinguisher must be accompanied by the ability to use it.

Video: How to use a fire extinguisher

Fire extinguisher - technical device, with which you can fight the combustion of both solid objects and liquids, gases, including electrical appliances.

Rules for using a fire extinguisher can be read on it surfaces, where short instruction. The main task of every person is to be able to correct application such technical device. It is useful to learn more about actions taken during a fire.

General rules for using a fire extinguisher

Before using the device, remember following:

At the moment the fire starts, the fire extinguisher is transferred to the very source of ignition for a sufficient close range(for public buildings - on 20 m, for production - on 30-40 m). It must also be remembered that the jet length of the technical device reaches 3 meters.

Subsequence proper use of a fire extinguisher:

it is required to remove the seal located on the locking and starting device,
get a check
turn the nozzle of the hose towards the source of fire,
turn the valve, or use the lever.

After a few seconds, the fire extinguisher will come into action, start spray process fire extinguishing agent. The jet is directed from the leeward side. The fire in the niche must be extinguished top down.

There are specific rules for using a fire extinguisher in pictures, where all types of technical devices are presented.

Guidelines for the operation of a powder fire extinguisher

A powder fire extinguisher is considered universal, thanks to operating temperature range, as well as areas of use. The charge for this flame retardant is powder.

The considered type of fire extinguisher is not suitable for extinguishing fire, which covers electrical equipment under voltage 1000 V.
In addition, this type of device should not be used in places where direct contact with the powder on the equipment can lead to damage the last one.
AT small-sized indoors, it is also not worth extinguishing the fire with a powder fire extinguisher. During its operation, there is a large dust content of the air, while visibility deteriorates. Flame-retardant powder makes it difficult for a person to breathe.

Instructions for the operation of a gas fire extinguisher

There are carbon dioxide and freon gas fire extinguishers.

Extinguishing a fire in small room with help carbon dioxide fire extinguisher accompanied by the release of a considerable amount of carbon dioxide, which contributes to loss of human consciousness. Based on this, it is strongly it is recommended to hold your breath.
Such devices are not suitable in case of ignition of electrical equipment under voltage 1000 W.
Freon fire extinguishers provide safety of electrical engineering, since they have a fire extinguishing composition that does not damage the equipment, they also have a good cooling effect.
Gas fire extinguishers used in fire radio electronic equipment, valuable archival documents, rare exhibits in museums.
The disadvantage of a flame retardant is charge toxicity. As a result, neutralization of fire in small-sized premises is carried out through openings in the doors or ventilation openings.

Instructions for using a water fire extinguisher

water fire extinguisher applicable for extinguishing class A (solid components) and B (liquid substances) ignition.

The flame retardant is particularly suitable for extinguishing the fire of burning plastic, paper, cloth.
This technical device must not be activated in the event of a fire. electrical equipment, very hot, molten materials, flammable liquids. Otherwise, the ignition process will continue and aggravate the situation.

Before extinguishing a fire with any fire extinguisher, it is worth considering the location of the fire itself, including the type of extinguishing agent used.

Instructions for using a foam fire extinguisher

These fire extinguishers include fire extinguishers with the presence of air-foam and air-emulsion components.

Foam extinguishers especially suitable for extinguishing fires of solid and liquid materials.
It is forbidden to use the considered devices for very hot, as well as molten substances. Do not use a foam fire extinguisher when extinguishing equipment under fire. electric voltage.

The most universal accepted powder fire extinguishers. However, they are capable of dusting the air. As a result, it makes no sense to use such flame-retardant agents to extinguish a fire in rooms with a small area.

Powder, foam, water fire extinguishers not suitable for extinguishing electrical equipment. For such purposes, only gas devices.

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