Italian plaster for walls with their own hands. Technology for applying decorative plaster: detailed instructions

One of the leading positions among finishing materials has been occupied by decorative plaster for a long time - an option for wall decoration, combining a simple execution technology and an excellent result. Initially, it vaguely resembles paste, which is applied to walls and ceilings. This material can be used completely on its own or as a base for subsequent finishing steps.

Decorative plaster- unique wall decoration

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Types of decorative plaster

Decorative plaster is divided into types depending on the components of the composition and the expected effect:

• structural plaster - a mixed composition with a variety of inclusions like fine stone chips, colored pieces of quartz or wood fibers. It is produced on a cement-lime basis. It also uses special synthetic latexes or potassium silicate. Solvents in mixtures are present in water or organic, so plaster can be considered an environmentally friendly material and used for interior decoration, without fear of unpleasant odors, either during repair work or in freshly plastered premises upon completion.

Types of decorative plaster - craquelure

Additional plus: structural plaster- a very plastic finishing material, and it is sold ready for use in packaging of various volumes.

• textured plaster makes it possible to form a smooth, but embossed surface;
• Venetian plaster as a result turns into a coating resembling marble.

Application of structural plaster

When preparing the walls, there is no need to perfectly align them. Due to its heterogeneous, interspersed structure, the material perfectly hides minor flaws in the rough finish of the walls. The main requirement is that the walls must be dry, clean, pre-primed and dried. The primer serves as a kind of obstacle to the penetration of moisture into the decorated layer.

To apply plaster, a trowel or spatula is most often used. After a few hours, such a coating will already be strong enough, but it should take at least a week before it dries completely.

In addition , similar compositions are produced for both internal and external work . Such compounds are not afraid of frost, do not support combustion and are resistant to humidity.

Textured plaster

The compositions of textured plaster may vary, but in the end, they all make it possible to create an original relief pattern on the walls, the complexity of which largely depends on the components of the plaster mixture, and on how decorative plaster is applied to the walls in each case.

Walls with this finish are quite common. Such a coating resembles wood, crumpled paper, stone, or something like that. In the interior, the coating looks original, giving the room a special, unique style.

Painting on the wall with decorative plaster

It is also remarkable that the composition of textured plaster can be chosen for any room design, and using different application techniques - to give it a complete, harmonious look.

The main component of textured plaster is lime powder, and the characteristics of each specific solution depend on the fillers used. Polymer materials as a basis, they make it possible to obtain a durable surface without cracks and chips.

Walls for applying the plaster composition must be smooth, clean, primed and dried. After the primer dries, a so-called substrate is applied to the walls - a layer of paint with sand. This helps to enhance adhesion (coupling of plaster and base).

If you carry out work without the involvement of specialists, then special compositions that combine the properties of all the materials listed above will significantly save time.

The plaster is applied in one or two or more layers. For work, you can use trowels, a spatula, a brush and other tools that will make it possible to obtain the desired expressive pattern on the surface. A more complex pattern is created by applying several thin layers of plaster composition.

Glazing compositions - special translucent paints - can serve as additional protection for the finished surface. They will add a noble mother-of-pearl shine to the walls. In addition, as finish coat you can apply a special wax, paint or impregnation.

Venetian plaster

Venetian plaster is a mixture of marble flour, hydrated lime and an aqueous emulsion. At the end of the work, it seems that marble stone was used in the decoration. Initially, Venetian plaster is a ready-to-use viscous composition, which is sold in big banks or buckets from 7 to 25 kg.

The only disadvantage of this coating is that it must be applied only on perfectly flat walls. Any color can be chosen. The composition is easily tinted, so if you wish, you can create whole “marble” paintings on the walls. In addition, Venetian plaster is environmentally friendly, waterproof, wear-resistant, does not support combustion and dries very quickly.

Before application Venetian plaster walls or ceiling must be brought into ideal condition otherwise any flaws will be visible. Then, as in preparing surfaces for applying other types of plaster, the base must be primed and allowed to dry. The plaster mixture is tinted and applied with a spatula in very thin layers. After the plaster has completely dried, the surface is carefully cleaned with very fine sandpaper, while leveling. In total, from 5 to 12 such layers can be applied and cleaned. At the end, a layer of wax is applied, which gives the surface a marble sheen.

Despite the apparent complexity, it is quite possible to cope with the decoration of the walls with Venetian plaster on your own.

Compositions "antique"

Recently, many pay attention to the plaster "antique". The coating got this name because it looks a little shabby on the walls, as if a little faded from time to time. In addition, such a finish will not be smooth, but rough to the touch, as if the texture itself has changed during natural aging.

"Aged" plaster

The application technique and artificial latexes in the composition of the mixture give the coating a special property - it begins to lighten a little in places of greater friction.

In addition to finishing the walls inside the room, such compositions can be successfully used in the decoration of facades.

You can also buy it in packing buckets with a volume of 4-5 liters. When the coating is completely dry, a microporous film forms on its surface, which provides the effect of roughness, and at the same time protects the surface from mechanical damage and high temperatures.

Decorative plaster for external works

In addition to plaster compositions for internal works, in the modern market of building materials, facade decorative plaster is also presented, which is characterized by increased resistance to humidity, precipitation and temperature extremes.

Applying to the ceiling

Another pleasant moment - not only walls, but also the ceiling are suitable for finishing with decorative plaster. Of course, it must be leveled and cleaned of the remnants of the old coating. Ideally - level with drywall, but you can do without it.

The main difference from wall decoration is that it cannot be applied to the ceiling. thick layer plaster, maximum - 5 mm. If more, there are too many chances that over time, part of the coating will simply fall off. Otherwise, the technique and all application conditions are identical to those for walls.

Tools and materials

In order for the plaster composition to lay flat on the base, you need to stock up in advance necessary tools and materials. We have already talked about materials. In addition to the plaster mix, you will need:

• acrylic putty;
• polymer primer;
• semi-gloss wax;
• dense polyethylene;
• dye;
• masking tape.

Of the tools you will need: a metal spatula (size 80), a one-handed trowel (trowel), a cuvette (paint bath), a brush-brush (40x140), a two-inch brush, a thread roller (size 150). In addition, you will need a regular bath sponge and cotton rags.

Plastering technology

Foundation preparation

Preparing walls or ceilings for plastering

The beginning of plastering should be preceded by a thorough preparation of the walls or ceiling for the application of decorative plaster. The surface must be prepared in the same way as for painting. It should not have irregularities or cracks, because decorative plaster is not applied in a thick layer and simply repeats all surface irregularities. The base must be primed with a latex primer. deep penetration and let it dry. After the primer has dried, all places adjacent to the surface where the plaster will be applied (ceiling plinth, wallpaper) are sealed with masking tape.

Then the walls are putty. The putty is applied to the trowel and carefully applied to the wall, trying to evenly distribute it over the surface. thin layer.

How decorative plaster is applied

At the next stage, with the help of polyethylene, the desired texture is created on the surface of the not yet dried putty. To do this, crumpled polyethylene is laid on fresh putty. Moreover, the “crumpled” it is, the better, the richer the texture will turn out. The area of ​​the polyethylene must be greater than the surface area to be treated. It is better if one piece is enough for the entire area.

This crumpled polyethylene must be glued to a fresh putty so that all the folds are well imprinted in the still wet layer. During the day, in this way, several surfaces that are not adjacent to each other can be sealed with polyethylene. In turn, adjacent surfaces must be treated after the previously treated ones have dried. Otherwise, chips may result in the corners, or the surface may be accidentally spoiled with a spatula.

The plastic film must be kept on the surface for about 15 hours, and then carefully removed along with the masking tape. You should not wait for the putty to dry completely, otherwise ugly chips will turn out on the surface instead of texture. However, after removing the film, the textured layer must be allowed to dry completely. This will take about a day. It is not worth using fan heaters or heaters to speed up the process - this can cause cracks on the surface of the putty and ruin the whole overall look.

After the putty has completely dried with a spatula or trowel, all unnecessary chips are carefully, but without undue care, removed. Then the entire surface of the wall is carefully swept with a dry brush - this will remove all the dust that has formed.

Now again it is necessary to paste over with masking tape all the places where it was glued before applying the putty.

Painting

Painting a plastered surface

For painting after decorating the walls you will need pigmented wax . 20% warm water is added to it, then the mass is stirred, bringing to a homogeneous consistency. Wax on walls is most often applied in one of two ways: with a sponge or with a thread roller. If preference is initially given to the roller (it’s really faster), then the bath sponge will still come in handy - it’s more convenient for it to evenly distribute the wax over the entire decorated surface. The sponge must be soaked in clean water, and then with light movements, walk it over the entire decorated surface.

Painting a wall with stucco

Coral will be an excellent replacement for a regular bath sponge, but its price is much higher. On the surface of the wall after processing with a sponge, the texture of the finish should clearly appear. The wax is rubbed until the pattern becomes uniform. There should be no conspicuous spots of wax. The putty should not show through the wax layer either. After 15-20 minutes after rubbing the wax, the surface of the walls should be easily treated with damp and soft cotton rags . After this procedure, the volumetric pattern on the walls will become more pronounced. You should pay attention to the fact that rags should be used white or old, faded. Bright colors can shed and leave colorful spots on the surface.

In the inner corners of the room, wax can accumulate, causing dark spots to form there. To get rid of them, experts advise using a spatula with rags wound around it. They are easily removed dark spots in the corners.

The method of obtaining a finish coating, which uses the application of decorative plaster, has recently been very popular. The explanation for this is the simplest big choice source material, obtaining any color of the coating and the most diverse, often unique, finished surfaces examples of which can be seen below.

An example of how to apply decorative plaster in the Afresco style

Option for applying textured decorative plaster

If you try to find an accurate, well-established and unified definition of what decorative plaster is, then it will only be a waste of time. There is simply no generally accepted definition, each of the authors and specialists has its own concept and interpretation, but everyone agrees on one thing - decorative plaster serves to create an original finish due to the materials used and methods of applying decorative plaster.

Often, it is the composition of the material that lays down all further operations for its use, and the methods of applying a conventional mixture make it possible to turn it into decorative plaster and obtain relief and original surfaces.

The composition of the plaster

The generally accepted classification of such materials is according to the type of binder and the particle size of the filler. Two types of binders are commonly used - synthetic and mineral. Cement or lime are used as mineral binders, and synthetic resins (polyvinyl acetate, styrene-acrylic, acrylic, etc.) are used as synthetic binders. The most widely used mixtures based on synthetic resins, in particular their aqueous solutions.

Mixtures on a mineral (cement) basis are more often used for applying decorative plaster for exterior decoration.

Fraction size samples (grains, crumbs) of plaster

As a filler, quartz, granite or marble chips, or mixtures thereof are most often used. In this case, the classification is made according to the size of the filler than larger size particles, the more coarse-grained the mixture is considered. It is generally accepted that for interior decoration it is preferable to use fine-grained mixtures, for outdoor - coarse-grained, although there are no unambiguous rules, everything can be vice versa. The application of decorative plaster is associated with the size of the filler fractions, the larger the fraction, the higher the material consumption during the work.

Types of plaster

There are several types of plaster on sale:

• ready-to-eat, usually based on synthetic resins;
• dry mix;
• decorative plaster for interior work, designed to create some kind of coating (Venetian, bark beetle, etc.).

The result obtained when using a dry and ready-to-use mixture is usually the same, except for special cases. But the finished plaster requires less time at the preparatory stage and is more often used when applying decorative plaster with your own hands.

It is a completely different case when work is performed using specially prepared decorative plaster - such as Venetian, bark beetle or some other. In this case, the technique of applying decorative plaster is predetermined, and if it is violated, then the expected result will not work.

Methods for applying plaster

The technology of applying such material was discovered in the ancient world. During this time, many different ways have been created on how to apply decorative plaster. Relief and textured surfaces look the most attractive and interesting. Let's try to consider possible ways getting some of them. But before you get to work on obtaining such surfaces, you need to stock up on the right tool and prepare the base for applying plaster.

Tool used

If it is decided that decorative plaster will be applied to the walls, the technology for applying such a coating requires the use of the following tools, and this list is not exhaustive:

• container for diluting plaster;
• trowel;
• trowel;
• scraper;
• various spatulas;
• rollers, baths, brushes, combs, brushes;
• drill with mixer attachment.

The tool is best used forged from stainless steel. The fact is that a tool made of ordinary steel can leave invisible marks on the surface. rust spots, which then cannot be removed.

Surface preparation

Regardless of which methods of applying decorative plaster will be used, work begins with surface preparation. It must be smooth, clean and dry, all traces of the old coating must be removed, cracks, irregularities repaired.

After that, a primer should be applied to the surface. It will provide good adhesion and durability to the decorative coating. It is possible that some additional preparatory measures will be required, they should be set out in the instructions for the use of the plaster and are subject to mandatory implementation.

But after the surface is ready, you can consider a variety of types of applying decorative plaster.

spray method

The method described is the easiest way to create a relief on a plastered surface, although it may be called something else, or the result of its application will have its own name, for example, decorative snowball plaster. The method of spraying is carried out as follows - after applying and drying the first layer, a new one is applied on top of it. To receive an invoice, you can apply different instruments, up to the use of a broom.

It will look like this - they take a broom in one hand, a stick in the other, they dip the broom into the solution and hit the stick so that the solution splashes onto the wall. On the surface of the plaster, flakes, spatters will be obtained, the size of which depends on the broom and the density of the solution. The surface to which the plaster is sprayed can be pre-painted, for example, blue, and the applied spots be white.

Similar to the described method is the so-called Italian finish. Here, all operations are practically the same as those described above. After applying the covering layer and leveling it, without waiting for drying, a second layer of a different color is applied. So, if the first layer was green, then the second can be yellow. When applying the second coat, it should cover most of the previous coat. Until the material has hardened, it is smoothed.

The described in more detail will allow you to see the application of decorative plaster - the video below:

Creating a relief surface with a trowel

For creating original surface you can use not only the usual tools. After the covering layer is completed, a little plaster is applied to the trowel, and it is transferred to the base with light movements along the surface, creating a peculiar pattern. To see how this is done, the materials below will help - how to apply decorative plaster video:

Textured way

This method of application allows, thanks to decorative plaster, to decorate the walls in antique style. To do this, you will need to create several layers of plaster and paint them. How to do this, shows the technique of applying decorative plaster, the video below:

Hatching-bouffant

This kind of creation decorative coating carried out on fresh plaster. It is processed with a metal brush. After that, the surface is dried for a day, and then with a sponge, spatula or rags, plaster particles that do not adhere well to the surface are removed. What the described operation looks like is clear from the photo below:

Roller stamping

Another way to obtain a relief image is to apply decorative plaster with a roller. To do this, you can use a roller with a special pattern. If this is not the case, then you can cut out some pattern on the surface of an ordinary one or simply wrap a rope around its surface. The result is a pattern that resembles grass stalks. You can see how to do this in the video below:

Decorative plaster "sgraffito"

This technique of applying decorative plaster is more difficult to perform than previously described, but you can do it yourself. This requires applying several layers of plaster and each of them must have its own color. The color of each of the layers is chosen at your discretion.

To create a pattern in the upper of the applied layers, separate sections are cut out according to a special stencil, pieces of plaster are removed with scrapers or cutters. If a sufficiently large amount is removed from the top layer, then the remaining plaster looks like an application against the background of the bottom layer. If a little is removed, then a shaded pattern is obtained. It is possible to apply such plaster both along the entire wall and as a separate panel.

Other options for obtaining decorative plaster

Of course, all the above methods are not limited to possible ways to create decorative plaster. Special ready-made mixtures are on sale, and they provide for each of them an individual method of application.

For example, Venetian plaster is not determined by the composition of the material used, but by the method of application. Moreover, this method is intended only for obtaining a "Venetian".

The same can be said about decorative bark beetle plaster. The resulting original pattern is due to both the composition of the plaster and the method of its application.

But in any case, from the above review various methods creating a relief coating, it becomes clear that the surfaces obtained through decorative plaster and various technologies its applications are worthy decoration any interior.

Decorative plaster - construction material, which is used for finishing interior surfaces in rooms, and in some cases, outdoor ones. Applying decorative plaster is one of the few operations that can be carried out without the intervention of a specialist. The point is that modern construction market offers a huge number of different tools that greatly facilitate the finishing process.

In addition, now there is no need to buy individual ingredients for mixtures and prepare them manually - everything is sold in stores in the form of ready-made viscous solutions or dry formulations. It remains only to choose the right materials and tools, as well as to find out some features of applying decorative plaster with your own hands.

To choose the right plaster, you need to decide on the desired effect from it, temperature regime and air humidity of the rooms in which the coating will be applied. It is recommended to describe the situation in detail to the seller in order to get exactly what you need.

When choosing materials for preparatory work, remember that with strong irregularities on the surfaces, starting putty may be required, and in especially neglected cases, drywall sheets. You should also clarify in advance about the features of the color scheme, since some of them lighten or darken after drying. It is better to choose a primer that is deeply penetrating in order to ensure the most durable contact between the plaster and the surface.

From the tools you will need:

• trowels, wide and narrow spatulas (it is advisable to buy both rubber and metal ones);
• graters and trowels - for leveling the solution and giving the surface texture;
• paint rollers (you can get by with foam rubber, but it’s better to buy textured ones as well);
• malka with teeth for relief formation;
• paint brushes for leveling and creating shallow reliefs;
• stencils;
• for applying Venetian plaster, it is better to purchase a special spatula - it is called “Venetian”.

Preparatory work

Before applying decorative plaster, it is necessary to carry out the following steps:

• Remove old coating from walls or ceiling.
• Remove any fasteners and cut off pieces of reinforcement protruding from the wall.
• Align the surfaces with putty, after it dries, treat the walls with sandpaper or a grinder to remove uneven walls with your own hands.
• In the end, it is necessary to treat the surfaces twice with a primer with an interval of 3-4 hours.

Features of work with decorative plaster

The technology for applying decorative plasters has the following nuances:

1. When working with liquid, already diluted plaster, it should be noted that it very often falls from a trowel or spatula, so it is better to cover the floors with plastic wrap.
2. If coarse-grained materials were used to make the mixture, then it can only be applied manually.
3. The technology for applying decorative plaster, which was prepared from fillers of various fractions, is quite complicated, therefore it is recommended to use standard compositions for home craftsmen.
4. Finishing materials that are diluted with water are more environmentally friendly than synthetic plasters. At the same time, "water" compositions are more susceptible to temperature and mechanical influences.

Decorative plaster can be sold in ready-made or as a dry mix to be diluted with water

There are a few more nuances that are important to remember when carrying out work:

• Decorative plaster dries faster on cellular concrete or starting plaster.
• When processing wooden surfaces or walls made of plywood and chipboard, it is important to remember that water-based compounds can deform them.
• If there are defects on the treated surface, then decorative material more will be needed.
• To avoid corrosion, do not use "water" plasters for finishing surfaces with metal elements.
• Most decorative plasters set in a maximum of 5 hours, dry in 1-2 days, and curing lasts no more than 9 days.

Step by step instructions for finishing

Before starting work, all surfaces that are in close proximity to the area to be treated should be sealed with masking tape. It is necessary to start applying from one corner to the opposite - from top to bottom.

Technique for applying decorative plaster:

Create an invoice

It's important to know! During the finishing works it is necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the instrument and rinse it with water as often as possible. It is also not recommended to prepare a large amount of solution at a time (this is especially true gypsum plasters), as it may dry out while still in the container.

VIDEO LESSON on applying decorative plaster with your own hands

Various options for applying decorative plaster

Methods for applying decorative plaster to achieve various effects:

Creating a decorative effect using improvised means

You can apply decorative plaster with your own hands without special tools, while getting an excellent result as a result. Most often, an ordinary sponge is used, with which a fresh solution is “wetted” to get a textured coating. Various grooves and notches can be made with any sharp object, including a knife, fork, or even a simple pencil. You can artificially age the surface by hammering tongues into the dried mortar. The fresh mortar is also brushed across the wall to simultaneously fill in any gaps and give the surface texture.

Original ideas for decorating walls with plaster

Applying decorative plaster to the walls means not only leveling the surface, but also showing imagination. With the help of simple tools, you can create a truly original interior.

Using a brush

This application method involves the use of fine-grained plaster. First, the walls are prepared, as described above. Then apply the starting layer. After setting it, you need to take a brush with hard bristles and moisten it with water. With this tool, you can create the following texture elements:

paint roller

Is it possible to apply decorative plaster with such a tool - the answer is yes. This familiar tool can also be used to apply decorative plaster with your own hands. Depending on the type of nozzle of this tool, you can get different textures:

• Rubber rollers are used to create voluminous textures that look like natural patterns, such as the surface of leaves or reptile skin.
• Foam rubber with various relief patterns are used to draw abstract relief coatings.
• Fur attachments are great for creating the fur coat texture.

This decorative wall plaster needs subsequent painting, in most cases the first layer is used to remove surface defects, and the second is decorative. It is applied either with a dry brush or shaded.

VIDEO:

Plastering with stencils

The use of these elements is a simple, but at the same time original and effective way to create various textured surfaces for decorating rooms. They can be used with any type of material. But if we are talking about small areas, then fine-grained decorative plaster is more suitable.

First of all, the walls are prepared, after which the starting layer is applied. It can be plaster made in any style: from specially aged surfaces to ordinary ornaments. A layer of paint is applied to the finished layer, which should differ from it by several tones. After the first layer has completely dried, a stencil is applied to the wall, after which a finishing layer of plaster is applied on top of it, which is subsequently coated with wax.

Use of stamps

This technique requires certain skills, so it is recommended that you first practice a little on the “draft”. First, a base layer is applied with a thickness of not more than 3 mm. The solution for this layer is initially painted over with color, it is also allowed to apply paint after the procedure is completed. After that, a second layer is applied with a thickness of about 1 mm. To do this, use more liquid plaster from rich color. At the end, the surface is pressed with a special rubber tool. As a result, the layers are mixed, forming a rather interesting texture for the walls.

Do-it-yourself plastering is both a simple but demanding procedure, therefore, before applying decorative plaster to walls or other surfaces, you need to study the above instructions and recommendations from manufacturers.

Finishing the walls is a very troublesome and responsible event. Especially if the corners and walls are uneven. Pasting such surfaces with wallpaper or decorative tiles represents difficult task and it is rarely possible to resolve it qualitatively.

In such situations, decorative plaster comes to the rescue.

What it is

At present, the dominance of dry mixes is the same free-flowing composition as the usual mass for interior wall decoration. The properties of the decor are given to it by various additives specially introduced into the recipe. It can be small stones, and even wood fibers, which give the lined surface a completely original pattern and texture.

Even an experienced plasterer, starting to finish the walls, will not be able to imagine at the beginning of work what will happen in the end. Therefore, the masters prefer to make a test application on a small flat surface before starting work, for example, on a piece of drywall. The test allows you to immediately determine the methods and techniques of coating to identify the most advantageous characteristics of the decorative coating.

Cost of decorative plaster

The presented material has many varieties. Depending on the composition, the price of the material in the form of a dry mixture ranges from 200 to 600 rubles per square meter. The consumption rate of the finished composition is presented by the manufacturer and indicated on the packaging. And the price of work for m 2 invited specialists is from 250 rubles.

At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the use of this method of wall finishing eliminates the need to perform a number of preparatory operations on their surfaces, which reduces the cost of the final cost of the coating. In addition, having minimal skills in finishing work, you can do it yourself, eliminating a significant part of the costs.

Types of decorative plaster

Several types of classification of such material for wall decoration are used:

• By type of binder.
• Depending on the type of filler, which determines the texture of the surface.

On the first question, you can get advice from the manager of the building materials store. The choice depends, first of all, on the texture of the finished surface and the operating conditions of the coating after application.

Depending on the filler, the classification may be as follows:

1. textured surfaces. As the name implies, the finish surface is uneven. The material successfully hides almost any defects on the wall and allows self-application to the performer even with zero skills in such work. Actually, this determines the high popularity of this particular type of coating. And the price of the material is at a minimum level for this type of coating.

Plasters of this type, in turn, are divided into several varieties:

• "Lamb". This design gives an idea of ​​a soft woolen surface when viewed from the side. It is well combined with substrates of mineral origin.
• "Fur coat". The surface is similar to the previous one, but looks like fleecy.
• "Bark beetle". When applied on a plane, grooves are formed, surprisingly resembling traces of a bark beetle, with correct selection tone texture corresponds to the aged wood.

1. Structural. This type of coating is characterized by the almost absolute unpredictability of the nature of the surface that will be obtained during application. The previous option still allows you to somehow predict the result. In this case, at the beginning of work, you can be sure of only one thing - some kind of structure will still appear on the surface.
2. Venetian. In terms of its decorative capabilities, this plaster surpasses other types. One of the features of such a coating is the need to create an almost perfectly flat surface, which is not always available even experienced craftsmen. The application process takes a lot of time. A distinctive characteristic is also the translucency of the material. With the right setting of lighting, the effect of an internal glow of the surface is created. This property allows you to make design solutions in which the image on the wall looks like in a haze or fog.

In addition to the types of decorative plaster mentioned here, others are also produced. All of them differ in the nature of the fillers that imitate one or another surface that is inaccessible at a cost. Such characteristics can be imitation wood or silk fabric.

These materials also include colored plaster, produced in a wide range of tones.

Do-it-yourself plaster wall decoration

With the exception of some cases (application of a Venetian coating), plastering work is quite simple and any developer, if there is time and desire, tends to do this work on their own. The desire is quite reasonable and understandable, but you need to take into account a number of circumstances, which are outlined below:

• You need to carefully consider the selection of material. Here, the advice of an experienced specialist is not only desirable, but also mandatory. And it would be better if it was not a store manager responsible for sales, but an uninterested person from the outside. Ideally, it is better to see a sample of the execution of a particular interior. The calculation of the amount of material based on the recommendations of the manufacturer is not always correct. In an effort to assure the buyer of economic efficiency, He shows minimum flow, which is not always achievable under real conditions. Therefore, it is better to purchase the amount of material with a small margin.
• If there are no gross defects on the surface to be coated, fine finish can be neglected. Only rough chips and cracks should be repaired. The rest will be effectively eliminated by a layer of plaster, for which it was originally intended. But the application of a primer is mandatory - it significantly improves the adhesion of the plaster composition to the wall surface. It is generally accepted that the finer the structure of additional inclusions, the higher the surface quality should be.

• After the final drying of the primer, and it needs at least half a day for this, you can start plastering. With a complete lack of experience, no instructions, including videos, will help. But a lot of time to master the profession is not required. It is only necessary to start work from the least important place, for example, where the furniture will subsequently stand. It is also useful to practice on foreign material from waste building materials.
• At the end of the application of plaster, it can be given additional charm by adding additional relief, for which you will need additional tools. The untinted surface can be painted additionally, choosing the paint to your liking. This method is used to ensure uniformity of tone throughout the room, which is often impossible with the inevitable frequent kneading of the plaster composition.

Plaster is generally a waterproof coating. Therefore, it can be washed without fear. In this case, you should refrain from using aggressive detergents. Soft detergent used with elastic sponges, hard brushes and products containing abrasives for the care of such a coating are not applicable - the surface quickly loses appearance, becomes dull due to a large number scratches. As an additional protection, the surface is covered with a thin layer of wax, which protects it from moisture, but not from mechanical damage.

If you want to change the interior, the walls can be repainted, and if you plan to use wallpaper, the walls can be additionally plastered.

Plaster tool

Tools and accessories for professionals are quite diverse. It should ensure not only the productivity of work, but also their quality.

The range of tools used largely depends on the choice of the nature of the coating. In the very simple version you can get by with a minimal set of spatulas different size. You will also need a trowel, and for more complex options it is desirable to use textured rollers. If surface painting is envisaged, you need to stock up a painting tool.

Applying plaster to the wall

How to make decorative plaster with your own hands? For self-execution by a person without experience, a coating of the bark beetle type can be recommended. She is not demanding on thorough preparatory activities. Due to its texture, it is not necessary to diligently align it during the application process. To work with such material, several spatulas of various widths and a small skill in plastering are enough. It is almost impossible to spoil the bark beetle. The technology involves the production of various options, which directly depends on the size of the inclusion grains. Larger ones will require a thicker coating layer.

The device of the "Venetian" without a solid knowledge of skills is impossible. When performing it, it is necessary to apply several ideally even layers of plaster on a perfectly prepared surface, each with its own properties.

Silicone materials also require special skills. This is painstakingly delicate work that requires incredible patience and artistic inclinations. But the result also corresponds to the invested work.

Applying decor to the wall can be done in the following order:

• In accordance with the instructions on the packaging of the mixture, a solution of the desired consistency is prepared. Its quantity should provide for the possibility of developing at a time. Additional stirring with the addition of water is not possible - the thickened residue will have to be thrown away.
• A spatula and a grater become a universal tool. The applied layer of plaster is evenly distributed over the surface. As soon as the mass shows the first signs of hardening, it must be rubbed with a grater, while creating a pattern.
• For beginners in this business, there are several simple tricks, allowing simple operations to obtain a beautiful decoration. This can be grouting with undulating movements, beveled or straight lines that mimic rain, various closed curves or intersecting stripes. Movements during the performance of work must be confident, soft, not allowing corrections.

• An interesting surface texture can be obtained by using the most unexpected items, from crumpled paper to brushes or washcloths. Most in a simple way is the use of textured rollers with various patterns. Given the limited hardening time of the plaster, the drawings also need to be done as quickly as possible, there will be no opportunities for correction.
• After 15 - 20 minutes after drawing the pattern, the coating begins to lose its luster, which indicates the beginning of the crystallization of the solution. It is necessary not to miss this moment, and walk along the surface with a wet trowel, smoothing out irregularities and removing too sharp changes in the relief. The tool needs to be cleaned more often and moistened abundantly.
• To separate sections of the coating with different textures, it is advisable to use construction tape. It must be removed before the applied mortar has cured to ensure a clean, tear-free interface line.
• Complete drying of the solution occurs within a day. After this time, you need to treat the surface with a fine emery cloth. In this way, excessively protruding parts and uneven coatings are removed.
• A protective coating in the form of varnish or wax is applied to the surface approximately three days after the decorative layer is applied. Before applying it, you need to carefully clean the surface of dust using a vacuum cleaner.

• When finishing exterior walls, a concrete-like surface using river pebbles is popular. After applying the composition to the wall, when it shows the first signs of hardening, you need to wash off a small part of the outer layer of the solution with a wet paint brush. The pebbles exposed at the same time are a wonderful decorative design for the wall.

Decor in alternative ways

To give decorative properties putty coating, you can use the following methods:

• buy dry putty mixture and dilute it with water according to the recommendations on the package. The most convenient are materials based on gypsum or cement. Possessing high strength properties, they allow you to successfully level out irregularities on the base.
• For the base layer, a thickness of 2 mm is sufficient, there is no need for careful leveling of the surface, since the decor will visually hide almost any irregularities.
• In the process of creating a textured surface, you can use various tools and techniques. A common way is to use a spatula or trowel
• Various stamps and embossed rollers with ready-made patterns are widely used

As a finishing operation, surface painting is most often performed. It is produced paint roller in two passes, the first time - with a long pile, the second - with a short one. Such a coating best highlights the texture of the finish.

Texture elements are applied to the front layer of the same putty. Its thickness should not exceed 3 mm. Otherwise, cracking during operation is possible.

Drying of the putty layer must be done with closed doors and windows. Drafts are not allowed. Accelerating the process by turning on the heaters can lead to cracking and collapse of the finish layer. The essence of the process is the crystallization of the mass finishing material in which air moisture also takes part. Therefore, its premature removal will lead to disruption of the process.

As can be seen from the above data, the process of finishing with decorative plaster can be very simple, even easier than creating a smooth base surface. But certain materials and methods require special attention and skills, as well as artistic taste. Realistically assess your strengths and capabilities. I wish you success!

Evgeny Sedov

When hands grow from right place life is more fun :)

Content

Liquid wallpaper, flock, compositions imitating masonry (wood species) are very popular in our time. All this refers to the fashionable way of exterior and interior decoration. How to apply decorative plaster, what is this mixture? You will learn the rules for preparing the composition from the presented review. This seamless finish option is an excellent replacement for wallpaper and other materials.

Types of decorative plaster

Finishing according to manufacturing technology is divided into three types:

1. Textured has a rough structure of high viscosity.
2. Structural contains marble chips, the result of application is a smooth granular surface. Works well on drywall and other mineral surfaces.
3. Venetian - decorative stone-like plaster, has a uniform texture. As a result of application, it forms a perfectly smooth surface, similar to natural marble.

Depending on the resulting surface relief, textured plaster is divided into several subspecies:

1. The lamb makes the surface of the wall evenly grained.
2. bark beetle The surface treated with such plaster resembles corroded wood.
3. The fur coat makes the wall rough and fleecy.
4. Travertino is an imitation of brick or stone masonry.
5. Panel - three-dimensional drawing.

Classification by binder:

• acrylic (based on acrylic resin);
• mineral (based on cement);
• silicone (based on synthetic resin);
• silicate. (With liquid glass).

Additionally, specific types of this finishing material should be distinguished:

1. Color is represented by 15 shades. It is used as internal and front.
2. Roller contains a natural filler in the composition.
3. Latex plastic gives the surface a smooth and glossy look.
4. "Wet silk" contains pearlescent particles, gives the surface of the wall or shelf the appearance of a shiny fabric.
5. "Sea Breeze" contains fine sand, is used only for interior decoration.

How to make decorative plaster

After applying the primer to the walls, you should start preparing the decorating composition. How is decorative plaster made? There is nothing complicated about this, the material is sold in the form of a dry mixture, which is diluted according to the instructions. If you add solid components (pebbles, pieces of tiles) to the composition, the surface will acquire an unusual pattern. To give the desired color, paint is added in a ratio of 1/10.

Decorative plaster from ordinary putty can be prepared independently at home. This option is relevant for those who would like to save money by making repairs in the apartment. The plaster is prepared in a bucket: putty of any manufacturer (Ceresit, Dufa) is mixed with grout and water. Supplement the composition with the selected dye and other decorating elements.

Materials and tools

Before starting work, it is important to take care of the preparation of tools. You will need the following:

• drill with a suitable nozzle;
• bucket;
• structural roller;
• spatulas;
• trowel for structuring;
• grater or sandpaper for leveling;
• brushes and sponges.

Materials for the preparation of the composition are used depending on the chosen putty option. Can be applied:

• wax;
• acrylic lacquer;
• white putty;
• means for grouting;
• dyes.

Application methods

The technique of applying decorative plaster is a creative process that does not require special skills. Anyone can play the role of a master painter, decorating their room with this material. Before starting work, the walls are leveled and treated with a primer. The composition is applied in a layer of 2-5 mm with a spatula, trowel or roller. It is advisable to choose a tool that allows you to capture a large area.

Wall decoration with decorative plaster different ways depending on the composition and consistency of the mixture:

1. Spatula method. The composition is distributed on the wall or ceiling in a circular motion or up and down.
2. Distribution with a large brush will give a pattern in the form of waves.
3. Toothed roller, trowel or stamps give a repeating relief ornament.
4. The use of crumpled polyethylene will allow you to get a non-standard surface relief.

At the end of the distribution of the mixture, it will take some time until it dries completely (8-48 hours). As time passes, the walls are leveled and dusted with a sheet. sandpaper. After that, a protective layer or wax is necessarily applied to the surface. As a result, the plaster will be protected from premature destruction by moisture and dirt.

Whether decorative plaster can be applied to plaster depends on the type and texture of the mixture. If it is coarse-grained, then it is allowed to apply the composition immediately to the primer. Fine-grained decorative plaster applied with a roller requires an additional layer of conventional plaster. It is important to wait until it is completely dry before applying (this may take several days).

How to paint decorative plaster

Wall decoration with decorative plaster sometimes requires additional painting. Depending on where the walls are decorated (outdoors or indoors, is it a kitchen or a corridor), the design is complemented by new shades or whole paintings. Thanks to this, the plastered surface becomes voluminous, and the interior - filled. It is important to choose and apply paint correctly.

Facade and interior paints are made on the basis of acrylic, silicate, water or silicone. In addition to the choice of paint, it is important to know its consumption, it is indicated on the packaging. As a rule, the height of the surface relief significantly increases its consumption. The technique for applying paint to decorative plaster differs depending on the surface topography and the type of plaster mixture.

How to prepare walls for decorative plaster

Before applying the mixture to the surface, it is carefully prepared. The wall is cleaned of the remnants of wallpaper, the exfoliated layer of the old finish and other things. Additionally, before applying the prepared decorative plaster, the surface is leveled and primed. For wall processing, an ordinary primer and impregnation are suitable, which differ only in the method of application.