The fire alarm of buildings is a system of technical installations necessary to detect and prevent a fire hazardous situation and controlled from a central fire station.

Providing buildings and structures with automatic equipment is required for:

• Timely informing people at the facility about the appearance of a fire;
• Immediate call to the fire department;
• The use of effective fire extinguishing agents;
• Evacuation of people from premises.

Types of fire alarms

Modern systems fire alarm(ATP) are divided into the following types:

• Threshold with modular structure;
• Address polling;
• Address-analogue;
• Combined.

Threshold systems with radial plumes

Scheme of connection of threshold fire alarm with radial loops

A threshold-type fire alarm equipped with radial loops (communication lines) is not in high demand with a serious approach to controlling the occurrence of smoke or flame in a building.

The system responds only to a limited area of ​​objects (therefore, it is used for small rooms), often gives a false alarm, has a lot of inconvenience in use, and installation is expensive.

Scheme of the principle of operation of threshold warning devices with a modular structure

Such warning kits have all the disadvantages of threshold systems with radial loops, including expensive installation. Fire alarm threshold type with a modular structure differs from the previous type in that it can be freely controlled from the dispatcher console or computer. The modular structure allows the installation of two units at once.

In a fire alarm system of an address-interrogating type, the loops are arranged in a ring order, in which the system itself checks the status of the detectors responsible for detecting a fire. Sensors are capable of issuing four types of messages:

• Fine;
• Faulty;
• No sensor;
• Fire.

The principle of operation of address-polling warning systems

Along with the advantages (the necessary information level, transparent control over the operation of the detectors and a fairly reasonable price), the alarm system has a drawback - the inability to instantly recognize the appearance of a fire.

The system is the most rational and effective of the existing fire alarm systems. The main panel processes the information received from the sensors (of which there can be up to two hundred in each of the loops), and issues the final decision itself.

The principle of operation of addressable analog fire alarm systems

The addressable analog fire alarm has twisted pair insulated cables, which allows you to recognize smoke and fire at an early stage. Additional Benefits: lungs installation work, affordable installation cost, control over the operation of detectors and obtaining information from sensors. Given that this fire alarm will reliably protect the object at the slightest fire danger, then the high cost should not be considered a disadvantage. By paying once, the buyer insures himself against huge losses in the future.

Combined systems

Fire alarm for combined type is the most powerful and is used at large industrial facilities, in state and strategic buildings. An alert device can have several thousand sensors and devices, additionally equipped with a wide range of capabilities. Typically, a security control system is installed in such a set of blocks.

Dispatch supervision is carried out from one control panel, which makes it possible to see clear information at any time. The combined type of fire alarm for buildings has a simple and affordable installation, unlimited technical conveniences, which justifies the high cost.

Before installation fire system alerts, it is necessary to decide on the choice of the type of alarm or consult with specialists. Installation of device blocks must be carried out by professionals who will perform quality work in accordance with the requirements for fire warning devices within the framework of Russian legislation and regulations.

Scheme of installing a fire alarm in an office building

The performers shall notify the supervisory authorities for fire safety in advance about the installation.

The main technical and legal requirements that must be met and checked after the installation of the equipment are:

• Stability of work under any weather conditions;
• The level of sensitivity of devices necessary for the timely notification of people in the building;
• Obtaining the most comprehensive information in accordance with the technical capabilities of the warning device;
• Required speed of hazard recognition in the initial stage.

Installation of a fire alarm can only be carried out if there are certificates of conformity for devices, devices, main and auxiliary equipment and materials.

Fire alarm operating rules

Upon completion of the installation and fulfillment of a number of requirements for acceptance work, the executing specialists must familiarize the customer's representatives with the rules for operating the system.

In order for the alarm to work without failure, the employee responsible for fire safety building, must organize a daily inspection of loops, detectors, sensors, controllers for damage and contamination.

As indicated by the requirements for fire alarms, designated personnel on duty must monitor the operation of the alarm around the clock and reflect the identified comments in the “Installation Fault Record Book”, in which entries are made in the form of a table:

No. p / p	Date and time of failure of the element or its component part	Typical external manifestations of a malfunction	Cause of malfunction (failure), number of hours of operation of the failed element	Taking corrective action, spare parts consumption*	Troubleshooter's signature	Note

*The abbreviation ZIP is approved by the state standard and means spare parts, tools, accessories that are included in the set of devices.

Procedure in the event of a fire alarm

If the notification is not false, then, according to the requirements of regulatory enactments and internal instructions of the enterprise, the duty officer is obliged to:

1. Immediately report the incident by calling 01 (mobile: 112);
2. Report the situation to management;
3. Turn off the electricity in the building;
4. Organize the evacuation of people present in the building, if possible - documents of the first importance and material values;
5. Take measures to eliminate the fire by primary means.

In the event of a false alarm alarm:

1. The attendant reports this fact responsible for;
2. An application for equipment repair is sent to the service organization with which the contract is concluded and is accompanied by a phone call;
3. During the period of equipment restoration, visual observation is organized in the premises in order to identify sources of ignition.

Frequency and rules for checking fire alarms

Checking the operability of fire detection warning equipment is carried out on a monthly basis by licensed service organizations in buildings with a massive presence of people. If a small number of employees and visitors are constantly at the site, then the inspection can be performed quarterly.

In addition to the specified periods, for preventive purposes, it is necessary to contact a service company twice a year to check the correct operation of the alarm. This will provide reliable protection people, equipment and documentation from the dangerous consequences of a fire.

In accordance with the rules for checking the fire system, the inspecting organization examines:

• Proper and regular record keeping;
• Availability technical passport, instructions, compliance certificates;
• Arrangement of devices according to project documentation;
• Verification of serial numbers of devices with passport data;
• Integrity of seals, correct connection of grounding;
• No damage to the elements;
• The ability of elements to detect fires at the initial stage;
• Automatic notification of emergency services, personnel;
• Managing the evacuation of people and power outages;
• Control of automatic fire extinguishing and smoke removal functions.

The presence of an alarm warning about the beginning of a fire in buildings guarantees the safety human lives Therefore, it must be used competently, carefully and carefully.

INSTRUCTIONS

for the operation of the fire alarm device of the "BOLID" system

1. This manual is intended for the 24-hour duty watchman who is responsible for the operability of all serviceable beams of the station during his duty.

2. The watchman on duty makes an entry in the watch log in the appropriate form about all changes in the work of the station.

3. In standby mode, the "S 2000" remote control displays the current time.

1. ARMING (Individual)

· Enter password

· Use the and keys to select the “ARM” menu item and press the “ENTER” key.

· Use the and keys to select the menu item "ALARM ALARM" and press the "ENTER" key

Dial device address (001-015) Press the "ENTER" key.

Dial the number of the loop ( 1 – 4) Press the "ENTER" key. For example:

· If the loop is successfully armed, the display will show VZ ShS 012/003

Device No.

№ ШС

·

2. ALARM MODE

When the remote control switches from the current time mode to the “ATTENTION” (Attention) mode, indicating

device addresses (001-015 ) and indicating N of the triggered alarm loop (from 001 to 004)

Should:

· According to the table of fire alarm loops, determine the floor where the sensor was triggered.

· Inspect the premises immediately. Make an entry in the operational log indicating the address and time of operation.

· After 1-2 minutes, the "ATTENTION" (Attention) mode will either automatically reset to standby mode, or go into the "FIRE" (Fire) mode.

In the Fire (FIRE) mode, the address of the device is displayed on the remote control (001) and alarm loop address (001). According to the table, determine the floor where the sensor was triggered. Urgently inspect the premises. Make an entry in the operational log indicating the address and time of operation. When confirming a fire, act according to internal instructions.

If it turned out that the alarm is false, then to reset the alarm, you should:

by pressing the CLEAR key (several times) exit to the current time indication mode

· Use the keys to select the "ALARM RESET" menu and press the "ENTER" key.

Dial device address (001-015) Press the "ENTER" key.

· The alarm sound will be reset and the remote control will automatically try to re-arm the previously armed alarm loops.

· Resetting incorrect input is carried out by pressing the "CLEAR" key.

Check the cause of operation in accordance with the AL table.

2. DISARM (Individual)

· Enter password

· Use the keys to select the menu item “REMOVAL” and press the “ENTER” key.

· Use the keys to select the menu item "ALARM DISARM" and press the "ENTER" key.

Dial device address (001-015) Press the "ENTER" key.

Dial No. SHS (01-04) Press the "ENTER" key. For example:

· If the loop is successfully disarmed, the display will show SN ШС 011/001

Device No.

№ ШС

· Resetting incorrect input is carried out by pressing the "CLEAR" key

! THE FIRE ALARM IS IN THE 24-HOUR SECURITY MODE.

3. The operator (watchman on duty), upon receipt of alarm notifications, must record the response time and previous actions of third parties that could have triggered the device.

1. General requirements.

On the cover of the control panel (keyboard) protected zones should be written - the number of the zone and the name of the premises protected by this zone, and next to the control panel there should be a list of protected zones in the form of a table, the name of the premises protected by this zone and the types of detectors that are installed in this zone (smoke, heat, manual).

2. Actions of personnel in case of operation of the installation.

2.1. When false positive APS without damaging the equipment and lines of the APS, to turn off the siren, you must enter the code - press the keys "1-2-3-4" on the keyboard ( code may be different- it must be specified in the instructions for a specific APS installation). After that, the red "Armed" indicator turns off and the green "Ready" indicator lights up, but the red indicator of the triggered zone remains on. Urgently call the fire control panel (the phone must be indicated in the instructions) and report that the alarm is false, otherwise fire departments will be sent to the facility, and the manager will pay a fine of 1200 UAH.

2.2. After that, to restore the operability of the APS system, you must do the following:

2.2.1. To restore zones with smoke detectors, press the "*-7-2" keys on the keyboard - after a few seconds, the red indicator of the triggered zone should go out. But if smoke (or dust) really got into the detector, then it will take several minutes to restore its performance (until it ventilates). 10 seconds after that, you can enter the code for arming the system - press the "1-2-3-4" keys on the keyboard (the green indicator "Ready" turns off and the red indicator "Armed" lights up. In this case, the yellow indicator "Trouble" should not light "-" chores ").

2.2.2. To restore zones with thermal and manual fire detectors, press the keys "1-2-3-4" on the keyboard.

2.3. If a false alarm occurred from damage to the APS equipment (break in the wires of the APS lines, damage or knocking down automatic or manual fire detectors or the APS control panel, intentional or careless actuation of manual fire detectors, etc.), it is necessary to find out the reasons for the false alarm (if possible by simple inspection) , and immediately notify the service organization for troubleshooting.

2.4. After the malfunction is eliminated, the APS unit is put into operating mode by pressing the “1-2-3-4” keys (the green “Ready” indicator turns off and the red “Armed” indicator lights up. In this case, the yellow “Trouble” indicator and red zone indicators should not light up ).

2.5. If the reason for the operation of the installation is unknown, it is necessary immediately take measures to check the premises protected by the triggered zone.

If the check does not reveal signs of a fire, proceed in accordance with clause 2.1. of this manual, and if signs of fire are detected - immediately call "0-1" to call fire assistance and continue to act in accordance with the instructions on the actions of personnel in case of fire.

NOTE:

Any modern installation APS is constantly in control of itself. When the system is in trouble, the yellow “Trouble” indicator lights up, and the keypad buzzer emits two short beeps every 10 seconds. To turn off the buzzer, press any key on the keyboard, but after that call a service provider , to troubleshoot.

The result of fighting a fire always depends on how timely the source of ignition was detected and carried out. necessary actions by quenching it. Each object, in any field of activity, must be equipped with a fire warning system. Regardless of the manufacturer and functional features, the system includes the following components:

• Fire alarm devices;
• receiving station;
• Communication lines between the central station and fire alarm devices;
• Power Supply;
• Sound alarm equipment.

Classification of fire and security alarm systems

The security and fire alarm system has several types and types. Functional features and technical specifications are also classifiers. It is generally accepted to divide security and fire systems according to their purpose:

• Fire department. It detects the source of fire, controls various equipment (warning systems, automatic fire extinguishing devices, etc.);
• Security. It detects attempts of illegal access to the object;
• Anxious. This device provides the formation and transmission of information about the penetration of the object through communication channels.

There are integrated complexes of security and fire alarms, and they are divided into two types:

• Autonomous: when a fire alarm is triggered, a localized notification is performed, i.e. within the same object;
• Console: a message about the occurrence of a fire is transmitted to the central security console. Console systems can be wired, wireless (radio or GSM).

It is divided into types depending on the method of controlling the device loops:

• Threshold;
• Address-threshold;
• Address-analogue.

Each type of signaling can have its subspecies. This is due to the use of various sensors to determine the presence of a fire.

The video tells about the operation of a fire alarm in an apartment building:

Device operation and operation

Operating instructions for protective fire alarms must be included with the equipment. Before use, you must familiarize yourself with it, as it displays the principles of operation and how to control the device.

Instructions for using the equipment may differ depending on the manufacturer, principles of operation, equipment and functional features.

Plain automatic installation fire alarm in its work uses control and receiving and security devices. These devices have a source backup power. In normal mode (standby), the duration of operation is at least a day, during an alarm - at least three hours. When a fire alarm is triggered, the information received is transmitted to one of the notification devices. These devices are usually installed in a protected location or designated area on a fire line.

The system operates continuously, around the clock. When the alarm is in working condition, the green indicator is constantly lit. If there is a failure in the loop or a short circuit, the indicator will flash alternately red and in green. Together with the indicator light, a characteristic sound signal will be emitted, which indicates the presence of a malfunction. When the alarm is triggered, the indicator will glow green, along with this, an intermittent sound signal will be emitted at an interval of 2 seconds.

After receiving information about a possible danger, the system processes the data. If there is a fire, the indicator will glow red "Fire". In this case, the sound frequency signal will be intermittent, the interval is 1 second. Signals are emitted by both internal and external notification devices. Total duration sound signal is 3 minutes. In the event of a malfunction: open or short circuit, lack of power, the “Block / Fault” indicator will flash red.

Installation of protection and removal from it of the object is carried out by pressing the "ShS" key. In case of receiving a false signal, you need to restart the loop that worked.

Devices of the security and fire alarm system have function of blocking from unauthorized access to the equipment. Checking the operability of devices and the system as a whole is carried out by pressing the "Test / Sound" button. It should be done only when all loops are in working condition. Within 10 seconds after pressing the button, all light and sound indicators are activated. After the test is completed, the device returns to its original state.

In the event of a malfunction of the fire protection equipment, it is necessary to contact the service company. It is forbidden to smoke in rooms equipped with a fire alarm system, since the sensors may react to smoke.

On the video - information about the fire alarm:

Fire safety systems are designed to protect the health of people and property stored in the premises from possible fire. The safety of a person and property depends not only on the fire alarm, but also on how correct the user's actions will be when the fire alarm system is triggered. Only in the case of clear and correct actions of the people in the room, it will be possible to guarantee their high safety, as well as to ensure the possibility of quickly extinguishing a fire with the help of autonomous fire extinguishing equipment and the fire service. So that everyone knows what he should do in the event of an alarm and a warning signal, there is an instruction when a fire alarm is triggered, which regulates actions in such an extreme situation.

Reasons for triggering a fire alarm

The fire alarm system installed at a particular facility can work for several reasons:

• in a certain area or room, the temperature has risen sharply;
• there was an ignition with the formation of foci of an open flame;
• there was smoke in the room;
• a false alarm occurred due to a breakdown of one of the alarm devices, clogging or breakdown of the sensor.

Instructions to personnel when an alarm is triggered

To know what should be the actions of personnel when a fire alarm is triggered, the instruction must be mandatory in every organization. It regulates the procedure for the actions of security guards, employees responsible for security, as well as personnel working and staying at the facility.

The actions of those responsible for fire safety and security guards:

• promptly identify the place where the fire alarm went off and examine it for the presence of fires;
• if a fire is detected, immediately call the service and call for help;
• inform management that a fire has occurred at the facility;
• ensure the safe evacuation of staff and visitors from the building;
• try to get out of the room if possible securities and means of information storage;
• turn off the ventilation in the room and lighting.

The correct actions of personnel when a fire alarm is triggered will prevent serious consequences, accidents and deaths in the event of a fire at the facility. It is important that the actions of all personnel are organized in such a way that there is no panic and disorderly fuss.

Algorithm for eliminating fire alarms

All operating personnel must be instructed and trained in their behavior in the event of a fire at the facility.

Note!

Each of the employees should know the procedure for triggering a fire alarm - this will help ensure that all people can be quickly evacuated and the fire is localized in a timely manner.

Warning signals, with which personnel are notified of a possible fire, are sound and light signals generated by the corresponding devices. Having heard or seen such a signal, each of the employees must act in accordance with the prescribed rules.

The algorithm for eliminating the triggering of the fire alarm system includes the following steps:

• immediate cessation of all activities at the facility;
• notification to the service about the fact of detection of a fire;
• ensuring the evacuation of personnel along the evacuation routes designated for this (go down from the upper floors only by stairs, it is strictly forbidden to use elevators);

• during the evacuation process, try to take out important documentation and elements of computer equipment that can store information in electronic form;
• when you are near the source of fire, you should try to neutralize it with the help of improvised means of extinguishing a fire (fire extinguishers);
• close windows and vents, as well as turn off ventilation systems to prevent air from entering the room, which will contribute to combustion;
• de-energize the facility using local and central circuit breakers;
• activate autonomous fire extinguishing systems using special buttons for their manual control;
• ensure unimpeded access to the building of fire services, as well as their access to the premises.

If a false alarm was detected at the facility, then the actions in the event of a fire alarm should be as follows:

• reset or disable the alarm;
• alert management and staff about the fact of a false alarm;
• contact the organization that maintains the fire alarm, about the need for its inspection and possible repairs.

Conclusion

If the actions of the duty personnel when a fire alarm is triggered are correct, balanced, then even in the event of a complex fire, it will be possible to prevent injuries to people and serious damage to the material assets of the facility. This can be ensured when management organizes periodic training of its personnel on how to behave in situations where a fire breaks out. It is important that an instruction be developed when an automatic fire alarm is triggered, which should be studied by each employee and be in an accessible place for other people who may be on the site to familiarize themselves with its contents.