Food. Own business: a boutique of elite tobacco products

Economic volatility and the problem of import substitution have a detrimental effect on the development of new market sectors. It should be noted that the negative trend almost did not affect the food production sector. Food is not only an integral part of human life, but also a source of inexhaustible consumer demand. Every day more and more projects are being implemented aimed at the production of food products and their distribution. As a rule, they specialize in the production of:

• cheese;

• sausage products;

• bakery products;

• semi-finished products, etc.

When starting your own business, pay attention to the profitability of the chosen business idea for food production. First, determine the initial capital that you can invest at the start-up stage. Financial opportunities are often decisive when choosing an idea for a business.

Secondly, the location of the workshop plays an equally important role in the implementation of a successful enterprise. Pleasant interior decoration and convenient transport location largely determine the success of future sales.

In the future, using a good premise, you will be able not only to produce, but also to sell the produced food products on your own. It is worth noting that the correct selection of premises can also significantly improve the image of a start-up food production.

Thirdly, do not forget about competitors, the presence of which puts your idea at risk. Competent business planning will help you increase guarantees and minimize production risks.

cheese business

Today, cheese is not only a favorite food item, but also a goldmine for aspiring entrepreneurs. The number of representatives of cheese making in Russia is not numerous. In this regard, the competitive advantage of this business area is obvious:

• high consumption of cheese products;

• low level of competition;

• Guaranteed return on initial investment within 1 year.

To start production activities, you need to find a room, the size of which will be at least 400 square meters. On the territory it is necessary to correctly place several utility rooms, a food production workshop and a storage warehouse finished products.

The next step is the purchase of specialized equipment, which can be classified into domestic and foreign.

Experienced managers believe that it is more profitable to purchase domestic equipment. This is due to the fact that the devaluation of the ruble and the unstable pricing policy of foreign currency can at any time affect both the cost of acquisition and maintenance of the production line.

To open a cheese mini-factory, you will need equipment for the following purposes:

• sterilizers;

• sourdough enzyme;

• equipment that feeds and molds the product;

• containers for storage of raw materials;

• buffer tanks;

• molding for industrial use.

A business idea and the cost of its full implementation can vary from four to eight million rubles.

Sausage shop

Today, successfully implementing a food production business idea is not easy. Beginning entrepreneurs often try to surprise the buyer by offering a new product.

To take a stable position in the sale of finished products, it is necessary to cooperate with restaurants, hotels or mini-markets.

The food production business idea has already gained popularity among entrepreneurs. Beginning businessmen often neglect the rules of successful food production and end up at a loss.

Success is not framed only by the quality of raw materials. Today, successful distribution channels are also important. The product range can be presented in the following format:

• diet or chicken;

• home;

• raw smoked;

• boiled and others.

The successful implementation of this business idea can cost an entrepreneur from 5 to 7 million rubles.

Bread is the head of everything

Today, more than 60% of the market is focused on consumer products. While the remaining 40% is still open to developing business ideas.

Dietary bread is considered the main trend of this year. It not only perfectly satisfies hunger, but also cleanses the body. Special grain, fruit and even vegetable additives not only add new taste sensations, but also have a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora. By producing dietary bakery products, you are guaranteed to ensure an increase in the profits of your company.

The production of bakery products can be carried out fully and partially. By maintaining partial technological equipment, you can save up to half of the initial capital. While the cost of a full-fledged line varies from 3 to 5 million rubles.

Semi-finished products

The manufacture of semi-finished products can be safely called one of the proven business ideas. Currently, people appreciate not only the quality of food, but also the speed of their preparation.

Among buyers of semi-finished products, the following blanks are in greatest demand:

• vareniki;

• dumplings;

• cutlets;

• vegetable preparations;

• fruit preparations.

The range of future products should be carefully thought out and based on current market trends. At the right direction the business idea of ​​production can significantly reduce production risks and guarantee the success of the company.

The cost of opening a line for the manufacture of semi-finished products starts from 2 to 3 million rubles.

Whatever business you choose to implement, remember that the main competitive advantage has always been and remains the quality of the services provided.

Organization of a food production workshop

Food production project
Basic requirements for the premises
Characteristics of the premises for the production workshop or factory

Chocolatier»)

Microbiology and chemistry of modern food production

Packaging for food production
Required Permissions and requirements for food production
Priority areas of food production

Marketing.
Advertising.


Financial plan.
Investments
Payback
Additional profit
Summing up

The opening of any food production in Russia can be very profitable business. Despite the fact that the stores offer a wide range of products of the food group, the state encourages an increase in the diversity of the consumer basket. In particular, we are talking about products that are consumed by Russians on a daily basis. Of course, the goal is to reduce prices and improve the quality of the entire range. food products.
If we analyze the assortment on retail shelves in the Russian Federation and, for example, in Italy, it can be noted that, despite the abundance, prices in the Russian Federation are quite high and manufacturers do not seek to reduce the cost, while the products are rather monotonous. There is a variety of labels on the shelves. In practice, we can say that many Russian products lack their own identity. And we are not talking about image solutions that are presented as part of advertising campaigns, but about unique nutritional qualities products.

If we consider the dynamics of development and production of products in the food industry, then there is a constant and intensive growth in production. As is known, in 1996-1998 the level of production fell by almost half in relation to the volume of production in the USSR, now the industry has been practically restored, but has not yet reached the previous level in terms of production.

One of the ways to increase the volume of food production, of course, is to attract small and medium-sized businesses to the industry, which are able to provide regional markets and create the necessary variety of goods included in the consumer basket. At the moment, food production in the Russian Federation is represented by large food factories and even their associations, which often reduces all antimonopoly measures to a minimum efficiency.

Against the background of this situation with large producers, the state creates conditions for small full-cycle production - for farms or their cooperatives, which have equipment for processing products at their base. Of course, such farms face difficulties in implementation and relationships with large retail chains that control the food market in a mass share. It is more profitable for retail chains to deal with a large supplier with a wide range than with small farms in the regions. This is not only due to the complication of economic accounting, but also the inability to dictate the cost in the market. It is also not profitable for large enterprises to “let in” small regional consumers to the market, since due to the potential improvement in the quality of products of farmers or small industries, there may be a decrease in demand for factory products.

At the same time, there are always opportunities for the development and opening of a small, highly profitable food production with a small initial investment. We will consider this issue in the proposed review.

While there are general principles food production organization certain types business is characterized by a number of features. If we consider the food industry, we can identify a number of areas that are most beneficial for small and medium-sized businesses. As part of the review, we will consider food production and its efficiency using the following examples, which are highly unique.

Confectionery: production of sweets according to unique (“old”) recipes
The peculiarity of this business will be in the quality of the raw materials used: cocoa butter, cocoa powder, high-quality milk powder, which do not contain chemical ingredients, including trans fats. At the same time, the manufactured products can be divided into products for children, adults - men and women, diabetic products and others. This approach will simplify the choice of products.

The main problem of large confectionery factories is that they produce the same type of products according to the same recipes, which also have a high cost and often quite low quality with chemical additives. In a small production, you can implement a variety of recipes for the preparation of chocolate and confectionery products with a short shelf life based on natural ingredients by developing your own specifications (technical specifications).

Production of fermented milk products: cheeses, yoghurts, sour cream based on French starters
The features of this type of production consist in offering consumers an expanded range of dairy products with a short shelf life. The main goal is to offer consumers a diverse range of national fermented milk products based on natural starter cultures.

On the shelves of supermarkets, you can mainly see long-term storage yoghurts that do not differ in original taste, foreign and national producers, in turn, seeking to reduce the cost of production for raw materials (high costs for maintaining large-scale production). Small businesses are not burdened by large infrastructure, so they can offer small batches of fermented milk products with unique qualities. The same situation is observed in the production of cheese.

Here are the names of fermented milk products that can be produced by small production:
. yoghurts: "Francesca" for weight loss, Greek yogurt (often used as a cream filler in confectionery), Turkish Valide yogurt, bifid yogurt, fitness yogurt, Matsoni yogurt, Tan (Ayran), Katyk;
. curd mass: curd mass "Theme", cottage cheese "Laktonik", curds in chocolate;
. kefirs: bifidum, treatment-and-prophylactic, biokefir, acidophilus, acidolact turak, ryazhenka ibifidoryazhka;
. cheeses: Formaggio Fresco cream cheese, Philadelphia, Mascarpone, Feta, Mozzarella, brynza, long-term storage brynza, Roquefort, Dor Blue, Stilton, Gorgonzola Dolce , Jugas, Camembert, Brie, Cheddar, Parmesan, etc.

The main problem of mass production in unified specifications, due to which the original taste of the product and the applied recipe is lost. In addition, in order to reduce risks, factories produce only “hot” goods and use substitute ingredients. Similar products from different industries have an almost identical price. This situation not only does not imply competition (and therefore does not contribute to lower prices), but in general does not imply an increase in the diversity of the consumer basket. Meanwhile, dairy products are categorized in high nutritional value.
Small production facilities are more mobile and can offer small batches of fermented milk products with a wide variety of assortment. In the given example, the possible assortment is based on starter cultures for the manufacture of fermented milk products sold by BK Guilini (Germany), Sacco (Italy), Vitamax-E, Caglifitsio Clerici (Italy), Kargil (Ivory Coast), Lactina (Bulgaria), Meito.

Bakery production: hot and fresh bread and biscuits
Bread in the old days was considered the main product in Russia. After the appearance of the potato, the consumption of bread decreased, but it is still the most consumed product. Opening a small bakery for baking fresh bread is a good start for anyone who wants to open their own business. As an additional assortment, biscuits made according to original national recipes can be offered, which can attract a wide range of regular customers and provide a very decent income.

Production of canned food and fruit wine: jams, jams, syrups, fruit wine
It is recommended to open a shop for the production of canned products in the southern regions of Russia or regions with extensive forests, where there is an abundance of fruits or berries. In these regions, the harvesting of fruits and berries has been simplified. In many villages and cities of the south, pears, apples, cherries, apricots are practically “junk” goods that can be bought up at low prices for the purpose of further processing.
As a rule, jams, jams and marmalades in stores do not have a variety of tastes. On the basis of a small production, it is possible to arrange the production of jam according to traditional, national and author's recipes. Berries and fruits can become raw materials for the manufacture of berry wine, liqueurs and tinctures. Traditionally, such products are in great demand.

The food industry is one of the areas most controlled by the state. First of all, strict control concerns the sanitary and epidemiological sphere. Sanitary standards are not only becoming more complicated every year, but in general, the number of standards is growing.

Perhaps this is the only thing that will be difficult to master for a novice manufacturer. But the abundance of norms does not imply that it is impossible to understand them and comply with the requirements, receiving a sufficiently high profit. Sanitary norms and requirements concern three components of the future food business: premises, equipment and personnel.

The premises for food production must be equipped in accordance with approved requirements. Rospotrebnadzor is the main supervisory authority over the process of design, construction and commissioning.

There are two options within which the conditions for the production of food products will be created in accordance with the law. The first is the simplest, you will need to find an empty room in which food production was previously located. Obtaining documents from the owner of the rented building will greatly simplify the process of registration.

The second option involves the re-equipment and, accordingly, the redesign of the premises specifically for food production. The project must be done by an architectural bureau that has certain experience in this area, the appropriate permit and license for the design of catering and food industry enterprises.

A workshop located in the city may have a store; when placing a workshop in an industrial zone, when planning, it is necessary to take into account the costs of opening a store in the city. Opening a retail outlet for the sale of products will cost 500,000-3,000,000 rubles.

Food production project.
A food production project should have standard sections for non-residential buildings:
- architectural and construction, which contains plans and diagrams of premises and features of redevelopment for new production;
- technological, implying a layout plan production equipment;
- a section covering the power supply system;
- Ventilation and air conditioning;
- heating and water supply system;
- Fire safety;
- occupational Safety and Health.

The finished project must be submitted for approval to Rospotrebnadzor. The supervisory authority, for its part, must check for compliance with the project sanitary standards. The project must be coordinated with a number of controlling services: fire department, management of communal services, energy supply, department of architecture of the city. After approval of the project, the reconstruction should be carried out construction organizations licensed and / or included in the relevant SRO.

Basic requirements for the premises.
Here are some existing requirements for a food production facility that are valid for everyone who wants to open a workshop:
1. The premises must comply with the current hygiene standards, the walls must be lined with glazed tiles at least 2.5 meters from the floor. When laying, non-toxic mixtures are used, which is reflected in the project. The rest of the surface is covered special paint for food production without toxic fillers.
2. Walls in warehouses must be treated with lime.
3. Special attention the project focuses on ventilation and lighting, in all production areas there must be a maintained level of humidity.
4. The water supply and sewerage systems in the workshops are divided into three components: the main elements of the production water supply, built-in personal hygiene items, and a drain for washing the floor. Sewerage must be protected from blockages.
5. Equipment and furniture must have sanitary certificates of SES. Equipment with metal or plastic surfaces is recommended.
6. It is required to take into account the parameters of electrical and fire safety and implement protection against electrical shock, the cables are laid at a height of 2.5-3 meters in thermal protective casings. The production should have a centralized switch, as well as an automatic shutdown system.
7. The main requirement for food production facilities is the presence of a buffer zone between the office and production areas.

Characteristics of the premises for the production workshop or factory.
Any object with an area of ​​200-100 square meters can be chosen as a production facility for a small workshop. meters, maximum 500 sq. meters. Of course, the size of the room depends on the needs of production. The premises should have an office, warehouses for raw materials and finished products, and direct production. A small factory can fit in an area of ​​1000 square meters. meters. When choosing a room, it makes sense to invite an expert from Rospotrebnadzor.

Many equipment suppliers offer their services for the design and installation of equipment. In Russian conditions, this project can only be taken as a basis. As mentioned, the design of food production is carried out by bureaus with the appropriate permission for these types of work. If a package of equipment with specific requirements is installed at the future enterprise, the project of the equipment supplier should form the basis of the project, which will subsequently be agreed with Rospotrebnadzor.
Let's consider examples of a complete set of the shops offered in examples.

Shop for the production of confectionery ("Chocolatier»)
Making chocolatiers or sweets according to author's recipes is now just coming into vogue. Several stores have appeared in Moscow, but there are still very few of them, and prices are often very high. With the optimal combination of price and recipe, the products will sell well. Of course, the equipment for the production of "Chocolate" can be supplemented with equipment for the production of mass chocolate products, for the workshop you will need:
- to maintain temperature and humidity, the Mitsubishi Heavy air conditioner of the SRK ZMP-SInverter series is enough - 2600 rubles;
- industrial refrigerator - 24,000 rubles;
- induction cooker - 3000 rubles;
- planetary mixer for 4-6 liters - 28,000 rubles;
- tempering machine (with a volume of 200 kg per month) - 340,000 rubles;
- pyrometer - 4000 rubles;
- a guitar for cutting fillings (from 200 kg / month) - 50,000 rubles;
- hairpin for 10 cells - 10,000 rubles;
- industrial tables - 3 pieces, 30,000 rubles;
- stainless steel trays - 10,000 rubles;
- inventory - 50,000 rubles.
Total: with a production volume of 100 kg / month of chocolate - 189,000 rubles, with 200,000 kg / month - 631,000 rubles

The equipment is designed for the work of 1-2 confectioners who can make chocolatiers at the rate of 100-200 kg of chocolate, a room with an area of ​​up to 100 m2 will be required. The workshop needs a washing area.

The shelf life of sweets depends on the fillings. To increase the period, you can use ready-made fillings, but the quality of the sweets will be worse. On average, the shelf life of truffles is from 1 week to 6 months. Advice on doing business is provided on the Chocolatier.ru website. The company supplies equipment, chocolate from Callebaut (Belgium) and Cacao Barry (France), as well as all the necessary range of fillings and packaging.

Workshop for the production of fermented milk products
The choice of equipment for the production of yogurt is determined by the technological process, which involves:
1. Reception of raw milk and its purification by means of a special filter.
2. Prepared milk is separated and normalized, the process allows you to leave the right amount of fat;
3. The mixture is made according to the recipe and dispersed until smooth;
4. Pasteurization is carried out at 95-98°C, the mixture is cooled and the leaven is added. The fermentation process lasts 2-7 hours. Fillers are also added.

Required equipment:
- unit for pasteurization and cooling of the dairy product;
- milk mixing unit;
- packing line.
Total: the equipment will cost 2,800,000-4,400,000 rubles.

You will definitely need several refrigerators - 28,000 * 3 = 84,000 rubles. The workshop can serve 4-5 people, the production volume based on raw materials is 2-4 tons of milk, the product yield is 1.9-3.8 liters of yogurt. Starting investments 4600000 rubles.

Shop for the production of bakery products - mini-bakery
For baking bread you will need (minimum configuration, home format):
- dough mixer (PRISMAFOOD IBM 5) - 40,000 rubles;
- convection oven (Unox XF 023) - 28,000 rubles;
- freezer (DELFA DCFM-300) - 14,500 rubles;
- in the absence of electricity, the FORTE FGD6500E - 36000 generator.
Total: 50,000 rubles.

For a mini-percarney, you can rent a small room in a supermarket, convert an apartment into a retail space. It is recommended to rent or buy a room in a residential area. The minimum size of the shop premises is 50 sq. meters, in addition, you need to take into account office, retail space, as well as a warehouse for flour and finished products. The volume of production is 200 kg of bread per day.

It should be noted that shops with a capacity of 60-250 kg of products per hour or 0.2-3 tons per day are considered small bakeries. For comparison, the bakery produces 40-50 tons of bread per day.

Mini-bakery with greater productivity:
- flour sifter (PV-250) - 24,000 rubles;
- dough mixing machine (PRISMAFOOD IBM 5) - 40,000 rubles;
- dough divider (А2-ХТН) - 60,000 rubles;
- Rounder (Vitella SE M 37) - 160,000 rubles;
- dough molding machine (JAC UNIC) - 42,000 rubles;
- proofing cabinet - 32,000 rubles;
- bread machine - 20,000-108,000 rubles;
- trays, baking sheets, forms;
- scales;
- industrial tables 3 pcs. - 30,000 rubles.
Total: 496,000 rubles.

The baking shop should be about 40 sq. meters, you will need a warehouse for flour - 20 square meters. meters.
Some companies sell kits for mini-bakery equipment. For example, a complete set of a bakery from the ProdTechnika company up to 50 kg per hour will cost 206,939 rubles.
Some companies, for example, the Le Pysh trademark, offer the construction of a turnkey mini-bakery, a package of documents includes technology, recipes, equipment, and a room design. The equipment is provided on lease (this is a special form of credit, when the equipment becomes the property upon full payment of its cost to the supplier).

Workshop for the production of canned products from berries
When purchasing workshop equipment, you can focus on production lines created by manufacturing enterprises for small businesses. As such an example, we can cite the equipment of the canning mini-workshop "Yagoda" of the company "Prombiofit".
Production of jam from berries grated with sugar, with hot pouring into plastic cups, euro-twist glass jars, plastic buckets, production volume up to 1250 kg/shift.
The total cost of turnkey equipment: 1184400 - 1352900 rubles.
The company also offers production lines:
- for packaging dairy products "Moloko" - 259,400 rubles;
- for packaging vegetable oil "Oil" - 254,900 rubles;
- for the production of bottled water "Aqua" - 219,000-314,900 rubles;
- for packaging honey "Medofit +" - 200,000-264,000 rubles.

Opening a small food production, of course, involves hiring staff. On average, mini-workshops employ from 2 to 10 people. The productivity of the equipment can be increased if the workshop will work in 2 shifts, in which case additional workers will be required. Let's continue the consideration of the proposed examples.

Shop for the production of confectionery ("Chocolatier"), employees:

- with volumes up to 200 kg of chocolate / month - 1-2 confectioners - 2 * 35,000 rubles;
- with volumes up to 350 kg of chocolate / month - 2-4 confectioners - 4 * 35,000 rubles;
- HoReCa driver/distributor - 25,000 rubles +%;
- with volumes up to 350 kg / month, assistant distributor - 15,000 rubles +%;

- administrator of the online store - 20,000 rubles +%;
- online store courier - 12,000 rubles +%;
- if there is a retail outlet and a coffee shop, 2 sellers and 2 waiters will be required - 2 * 20,000 + 2 * 13,000 rubles, the amount is below average, since it does not mean a full working week.

Thus, when opening a shop for the production of "Chocolate", the working infrastructure depends on the volume of products produced and methods of implementation. In this case, the figures are given for a workshop that sells products in the HoReCa segment through delivery through an online store and with the help of its own outlet and cafe. With the features of how to open a cafe-restaurant can be found at the link.

As a result, monthly costs confectionery shop for personnel will be:
- the volume of chocolate processing is up to 100 kg / month, the equivalent of 250 kg of sweets sold in HoReCa and through an online store - 228,000 rubles;
- with a volume of up to 350 kg per month, up to 875 kg of sweets sold in HoReCa and through an online store and in your own cafe - 370,000 rubles.

Workshop for the production of fermented milk products, employees
The following personnel will be required for the dairy products workshop:
- director - 70,000 rubles +%;
- 4-5 employees - 5*35000 rubles;

- watchman / cleaner - 2 * 11,000 rubles;
- if there is a Dairy Kitchen outlet at the workshop, 2 sellers will be required - 2 * 20,000 rubles.

The average cost for the personnel of an enterprise engaged in the production of yoghurts and dairy products with its own outlet "Dairy Kitchen" will be 321,000 rubles / month.
Shop for the production of bakery products - a mini-bakery, employees
The mini-bakery will require the following staff:
- director - 70,000 rubles +%;
- 2-3 bakers - 3*22000 rubles;
- driver/distributor in stores like "Discounter" - 25,000 rubles +%;

As a result, the monthly cost of wages in a mini-bakery will amount to 192,000 rubles.

Shop for the production of canned products from berries, employees
The cannery for the production of jam will require the following personnel:
- director - 70,000 rubles +%;
- 2-3 employees - 3*22000 rubles;
- driver/distributor in stores like "Discounter" - 25,000 rubles +%;
- watchman / cleaner - 11,000 rubles;
- if there is a retail outlet at the workshop, 1 seller will be required - 20,000 rubles.

As a result, the monthly cost of wages in the canning shop will also amount to 192,000 rubles.

Please note that these figures do not include payroll taxes that are borne by the business. Final Settlements must be carried out by an accountant. Food production is in the zone of strict control by government agencies, so the use of "gray" accounting methods is inappropriate. The work of the technologist should be entrusted to the director or the head of the food production workshop.

Food production processes.

The principle of any production is based on a number of well-known physical processes that are used in the technology of processing raw materials into food products.

Among the processes of food production it is customary to distinguish:
- kinematics of hydrogravitational settling;
- processes of mixing liquid media;
- fluidized bed hydrodynamics;
- extraction processes;
- distillation processes;
- processes of heat treatment of food products.

The theoretical basis of food production is based on a certain processing technology, which must be purchased or developed in accordance with existing requirements. Based on the existing technological process, a technological line for the processing of raw materials is also being formed. Production optimization can be applied both to increasing the nutritional value of the product - meaning the maximum preservation of nutrients and the use of natural ingredients and value-adding additives - and to increasing the efficiency of the production process.

As a result, food production must be based on the technological process and regulatory documentation. Previously, GOST and industry standards were used, at the moment enterprises can develop TU - technical specifications. TU implies some modification of the production process described in GOST, OST, GOST R. TI - technical instruction should be developed as part of TU.

The sale of products should take place on the trading floor or should be carried out using delivery, the sales processes should also be reflected in the TU and TI. These documents must be coordinated with Rospotrebnadzor and the Center for Standardization and Metrology (CSM). It should be noted that Rospotrebnadzor has a procedure for agreeing to specifications, which implies non-disclosure of information about the product recipe.

After approval, the technological process at the enterprise should be reflected in the following documents:
- in the catalog sheet of products approved by the CSM;
- TS portfolio agreed with Rospotrebnadzor and CSM;
- sanitary and epidemiological conclusion issued by a subordinate body of Rospotrebnadzor.
Also available upon request expert opinions CSM and Rospotrebnadzor.

The use of modern chemistry and microbiology in food production in some cases makes it possible to increase profits at times. In turn, consumers who are familiar with such “scams” ​​prefer organic products that are prepared according to traditional technologies and using natural ingredients. Why is this happening? To answer this question, it is enough to look at some examples that have become possible thanks to modern chemistry and its application in food production.

The high costs of Russian production motivate some manufacturers to overuse chemicals. For example, boiled pork, smoked meat can be processed using a water-soy substance, as a result, the finished product increases its weight by 2-3 times.
A classic example is smokeless smoking, which was proposed in 1814 by V.N. Karamzin, as a result, the smoking time of fish or meat is reduced from 6-7 hours to 4-6 minutes. Surrogate smoking is achieved by ionizing the product in a strong electric field. Obviously, the nutritional value of the product is minimal, and its natural origin is in question.

The food industry also widely uses animal blood proteins, which are processed in meat processing plants in order to reduce the cost of the production process. The blood contains three categories of proteins - albumins, fibrinogen, globulins, which are extracted and used as an ingredient in food products. In the food industry and the agricultural sector, canned whole blood is actively used, as well as separate parts: hemoglobin, plasma, fibrin-free plasma and fibrin.
Dried plasma proteins are used in food production instead of expensive egg white, for example, in pastry shops, sausage shops and bakeries. Whole blood replaces beef and is added to the product, saving on 1 ton is 150,000-180,000 rubles.

Most meat industries use the so-called fortifier, which is made from 1 part of blood and 3 parts of skimmed milk (waste), it is added to boiled sausages and pates to give color pink product.
Microbiological methods of extracting a protein product are being actively introduced, which is especially important in the context of a declining natural biological protein. Refining just 2% of annual oil production with microbiological methods into protein can give 25 million tons of protein product, which is enough to feed 2 billion people during the year.

There are also quite rational microbiological technologies that allow increasing nutritional value products. A striking example is the hematogen, which is obtained from defibrinated and stabilized blood mixed with food glycerin. Hematogen is a valuable food additive, since its use allows you to increase the production of red blood cells, which is especially indicated for weakened people. Manufactured and pastry- children's hematogen.

The use of modern food ingredients in food production is the manufacturer's choice. Still, small industries can produce organic products high quality with a fairly high rate of return and use only proven natural ingredients. Despite the higher cost, the products will be consumed, as they are designed for a narrow circle of customers and are produced in small volumes.

Production of food ingredients
Within the framework of food production as a business, it is also necessary to consider the production of food ingredients that are used in the manufacture of final products. The main advantage of this line of production is wholesale and almost guaranteed sales. Also, food ingredients have a longer shelf life, which has quite definite advantages when planning a business.

Food technology involves the processing of fresh foods into dry, extractable mixtures. The mixtures can be used as additives, be reconstituted for the subsequent production of the final food product. Suggested big variety ingredients and the list of proposals is not only constantly updated, but is always in demand.

An example is the processing of fresh fruits into dry mixes. For example, pear, peach, cranberry in the form of powder, pieces, small fractions is used for the manufacture of dietary supplements and tea, baby food, confectionery, berry fillings. It makes sense to place a workshop for the production of food ingredients based on low-temperature and vacuum drying in places where there is a large number of non-processed fruits. It should be noted that such processing involves unsorted raw materials, respectively, its cost is low.

Baking soda and table salt are also popular food ingredients with an unlimited shelf life and guaranteed sales. Production facilities are created in places of accumulation of fossil natural resources.

For example, the Krym Soda enterprise produces heavy and light soda ash from the following raw materials:
- high-quality limestones of the Crimea;
- brines of Sivash lake;
- coal - from anthracite of Donbass;
- ammonia water - waste of chemical plants.

Edible salt can be made from salt water, for example, Sea of ​​Azov, or rock salt deposits. It is processed into “Extra” grade salt, enriched salt (iodized) is also produced.

Packaging of products in food production according to well-developed and marketed options allows you to produce products not only packaged in accordance with sanitary standards and rules, but also create a bright image.

Packaging must comply with current sanitary and hygienic standards. Here are the basic requirements for packaging material SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01:
- the absence of highly toxic substances with cumulative and specific effects on the human body that exceed current standards;
- should not change the organoleptic properties of the product, i.e. be neutral;
- the material used in the packaging must be included in the list of permitted packaging materials, ensure high-quality storage during the entire shelf life.

Packaging is divided into technological and packaging. We are talking about both the packaging of products in the final container, and technological packaging that allows you to transport the goods and deliver them intact. There is a range ready-made solutions which are offered at competitive prices. The packaging market is constantly expanding.

Necessary permits and requirements for food production.

The main regulations regarding the production process at a food enterprise are contained in GOST R 50762-95 and in GOST 30389-95 Catering. Classification of enterprises.

To put into operation in production, you will need:
- coordinate the construction project with Rospotrebnadzor and controlled services that control the compliance of food production characteristics with current standards;
- agree on the portfolio of specifications and approve the list of products;
- obtain a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of Rospotrebnadzor form N 303-00-5 / y for the entire list of products manufactured in accordance with GOST, OST, GOST R and TU;
- together with Rospotrebnadzor, a plan of measures for the production control of the shop is being developed;
- certification and declaration of products, if necessary.
Strict sanitary and epidemiological requirements relate to the organization of work in the workshop and the rules of personal hygiene of workers. All employees must receive a sanitary-technical minimum, and a sanitary pass must be organized at large enterprises.
The main requirements for an employee include:
- short-cut nails, hair tucked under a scarf or cap, personal hygiene;
- employees must work in special overalls;
- during the manufacture of products can not be touched with bare hands and work without gloves;
- employees must undergo a medical examination.

Priority areas of food production.

The state constantly creates incentives for the development of the food industry in order to ensure the food security of the country. At the moment, the segment of food production is actively expanding due to mini-productions and attracting small and medium-sized businesses to the sector of the economy. For these purposes, preferential tax conditions are created.

According to the vision of the Government of the Russian Federation, the priority types of production activities include:
- production of dairy products and sour-milk products of the "premium" category, including fortified products;
- production of baby food;
- meat production;
- production of bread and bakery products;
- production of semi-finished products;
- production of confectionery products.

Given the interest of the state, developing business in the proposed areas, you can count on receiving benefits, subsidies, soft loans and other privileges.

Marketing.
Marketing activities for small food production are reduced to the development of several sales directions. We are talking about the HoReCa restaurant segment, deliveries to hypermarket chains, supermarkets, discounters, and sales through our own retail outlets.
As a rule, small-scale production is designed for regional sales and consumption, therefore, it is of great importance individual work with a potential consumer and design material for advertising products in the field retail sales, the so-called POS-materials.

Advertising.
Advertising of food production is carried out extremely rarely and only within the framework of the trade mark and brand. To advertise products in partner outlets, you will need various POS: posters, posters, price tags, flyers, wobblers, etc. These types of printing work are used for effective advertising in places.

If you have your own outlet, you need to distinguish it from other stores. This can be done with signboards and city lights. To promote goods in the HoReCa segment, make booklets and brochures with information about your production, and a product map where you can order and select the desired products.

General costs for advertising
Printing products, the volume of production for the year:
- price tags, wobblers, shelf-stockers, calendar cards and business cards (at the rate of 1 sheet of A2 format, circulation 1000 pieces, Arktika grade cardboard, 200 g / m2) - 32,000 rubles;
- A4 booklets 1000 pcs. - 8000 rubles;
- production prospectuses 8 pages A4 with a cover - 16,000 rubles;
- posters-posters 1000 pcs. A2 format - 20,000 rubles.
Total: 76,000 rubles.
The figures are approximate, as prices in design studios and printing houses vary significantly.

Search for customers and conclusion of contracts for the supply of products
A portfolio of wholesale buyers is a guarantee financial stability enterprises. Wholesale supply must be built in such a way as to ensure that the workshop reaches the break-even point. Wholesale in the sale of products by a mini-workshop can reach 30-70% of the output. Typically, the conclusion of contracts is carried out by sales representatives, who, in addition to wages at a rate, receive a percentage of sales from the existing trade margin. This form of organizing the work of distributors motivates employees to work better.

Financial plan.
As part of this review, we considered a number of examples of the opening of small food production by small enterprises. Now let's try to evaluate the benefits, including in relation to each other.

Investments.
Production shop "Chocolatier»
Room costs:
The cost of opening a shop for the production of sweets handmade will cost the following:
- production volume up to 100 kg / chocolate - 189,000 rubles;
- production volume up to 200 kg / chocolate - 631,000 rubles;
- production volume up to 350 kg / chocolate - 836,000 rubles.
Staff costs will be:
- production volume up to 100 kg / chocolate - 228,000 rubles / month;
- production volume up to 200 kg / chocolate - 228,000 rubles / month;
- production volume up to 350 kg / chocolate - 370,000 rubles / month.
Advertising costs: 76,000 rubles/year.
The cost of opening a retail outlet and re-equipping the premises for opening a workshop is 2-3 million rubles.

Workshop for the production of fermented milk products
Equipment costs: 2800000-4400000 rubles.
Staff costs in the presence of the Dairy Kitchen store - 321,000 rubles / month.
Advertising costs (can be reduced, usually consumers remember products well) - 76,000 rubles / year.
The cost of opening the "Dairy Kitchen" and re-equipping the premises for the opening of a fermented milk products shop is 500,000 rubles.

Shop for the production of bakery products, mini-bakery:
Equipment costs:
- mini-bakery "Home", volume up to 200 kg / day - 50,000 rubles;
- mini-bakery "Prodtech", up to 50 kg/hour - 206939 rubles;
- mini-bakery, up to 3 tons / day - 496,000 rubles;
Staff costs in the presence of the Bakery store - 192,000 rubles / month.
Advertising costs (may be reduced or eliminated due to sale through your own outlet) - 76,000 rubles / year.
The cost of opening a bakery and re-equipping the premises for opening a mini-bakery is 500,000 rubles.

Workshop for the production of canned products, jam:
Equipment costs:
- technological line "Yagoda" of the company "Prombiofit" - 1352900 rubles;
Staff costs: 192,000 rubles / month.
Advertising costs: 76,000 rubles / year.
The cost of opening the re-equipment of the premises for the opening of a canning shop with its own store is 500,000 rubles.

Please note that the investment plan should include the salaries of employees for 2-6 months. For retail outlets and a workshop, two categories of premises were considered - in the city center and in residential areas, which implies different opening costs.

Payback.
The final calculations are carried out, taking into account all the features of the mini-shop being opened. Primary investments include the cost of acquiring raw materials for production, recipes, a formalized portfolio of technical specifications, employee training, tax expenses, rent of premises and utilities, as well as employees' salaries for 3 months. On the analyzed examples, it is possible to evaluate the payback.

Production shop "Chocolatier»
When purchasing equipment at the Chocolatier club and manufacturing according to the recipes provided. The cost of production is 600-1000 rubles per 1 kg, the average price of handmade sweets is 2000-2500 rubles.

Total costs (estimated), including the salaries of employees for 3 months and the opening of a retail outlet "in the center" - 3,949,000 rubles.

We accept the implementation equal to 70% of the maximum capacity of 0.7 * 250 kg of sweets = 175 kg / month. The average revenue will be 350,000 rubles. In this case, the profit will be about - 175,000 rubles. Estimated payback period is 22 months. On average, the Chocolatier club estimates the payback of the confectionery shop at 1-2 years.

Workshop for the production of fermented milk products
Starting investments: 4,600,000 rubles (equipment and premises) + 321,000 rubles*3 (staff). Total 4921000 rubles.

The volume of production is 3.8 tons of yogurt / day and 91 tons / month. The selling price is 200 rubles/kg. The proceeds will be 18200000 rubles. We take the average revenue at 70% load of the shop - 12,740,000 rubles.
The cost of yogurt is about 31 rubles per 1 kg, the cost of sales is on average 300 rubles per kg (Greek yogurt is taken as the basis).

To make a competitive price for consumers with high profits, we reduce the selling price by 30%. We receive revenue of 891,000 rubles / month, with a sales cost of 210 rubles, the cost of production will be about 130,000 rubles. Thus, the estimated income will be (-321,000 wages) - 440,000 rubles / month.
The payback period of the workshop is 11 months.

Shop for the production of bakery products, mini-bakery
For evaluation, let's take the Prodtech mini-bakery, investments:
206,939 rubles (cost of equipment) + 3 * 192,000 rubles (staff) + 75,000 (advertising) + 500,000 (refurbishment of the premises) = 1,357,000 rubles.

The cost of 1 loaf in 1 kg is about 10 rubles. With a monthly production volume of 12 tons of bread, the revenue will be (average selling price of 1 kg - 30 rubles) - 360,000 rubles. The income will be 240,000 rubles, after the payment of wages - 48,000 rubles. Payback 28 months.

The low profitability of the bakery is obvious due to the high cost of flour, in this case it is necessary to optimize the workflow and reduce staff costs by increasing the volume of productivity. It is also permissible to increase the cost of bread.

Workshop for the production of canned products, jam
The total cost of starting production, including wages for 3 months: 2,504,000 rubles. The production volume is 1250 kg/shift, respectively, 30000 kg with a six-day working week. Obviously, this production is seasonal, so for the annual volume without conditions for long-term harvesting, work in 6-8 months should be taken. A full year of work may be subject to the availability of greenhouses or the purchase of fruits supplied from abroad. In this case, the income will be estimated approximately, since in different time year there will be a different cost of jam.

Production volume for 8 months: 240 tons of jam. The selling price is 87 rubles/kg. The annual revenue will be 20880000 rubles. The cost of production in the canning industry is constantly changing, so we will conditionally accept the figure of 43.5 rubles / kg. The proceeds will be 10440000 rubles. Salaries for 8 months 1530000 rubles. Conditional income 8910000 rubles.
The payback period of the workshop is about 3 months, on average - 1 summer season.

Food is the category of goods that will be in demand always and everywhere, since food for a person is one of the basic physiological needs. That is why food production as a business is one of the most stable, successful and quite profitable. Although, there are many nuances in such a business, but all these subtleties depend on what kind of products it is planned to produce.
Starting a food production from scratch is not easy. After all, everything related to nutrition must have quality certificates, comply with the norms and standards of the Russian Federation. Otherwise, the goods will not be allowed for sale in any of the stores. Modern markets carefully check their suppliers and try to choose only those products that are safe for the consumer.
But, despite the difficulties with starting your own business, the need for a careful approach to doing business, many entrepreneurs strive to open food production in Russia. After all, it is really beneficial. And it does not matter at all what products a businessman chooses - there is a consumer for any product. Desserts, dairy products, fish or sausage, flour products or vegetables with fruits - from time to time all this is present on every table. This means that entrepreneurs who supply these products to the market receive income. Even the “harmful” products that nutritionists and nutritionists talk about so much are in demand. But still, there is that consumer who does not hear or does not want to hear about the dangers of products and confidently buys them every time he sees them on the shelf in the store. That is why own food production is a really profitable and competitive business, allowing the entrepreneur to be confident in the future.

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Features of business during periods of crisis are such that expensive goods cease to be in mass demand. Focus on food and constant use - this group of products will not let you down.

During periods of crisis, many thousands of business ideas rapidly lose their prospects and demand - but this never happens in the field of inexpensive food and food production. Quite the contrary: during a crisis, even those consumers who previously ate in restaurants and are simply "more expensive" begin to actively purchase offers of inexpensive segments of the food market.

Hot food delivery - with the right marketing

With a very massive offer for home delivery, to a hotel or office of hot pizzas, sushi and whole hot meals, it is already unrealistic for a newcomer to a metropolis to “break into” this segment without a huge advertising budget. However, if we take into account the very weak marketing of “lunch” deliveries, there is still a chance.

After all, the marketing disadvantage of lunch delivery companies is that the whole “lunch” (“breakfast”, “business lunch”, “dinner”) is an unfortunate word from the point of view of the advertising psychology of the bulk of consumers: the domestic economy segment. This word means nothing: you need a menu for it, while the frightening factor of the unknownness of this menu acts on the buyer for the first time - you need to discard the unloved dishes found on the menu, persuade yourself to eat the dishes found on the menu, select combinations of the first and second courses, check several times with the price list and so on.

Winning marketing here should be based on a simple postulate: in the economy segment, you need to advertise the delivery of one specific type of hot dishes (albeit in ten to twenty varieties). Those who do not like this dish itself will ignore your advertisement; who loves - will study it already without the frightening factor of "unknown menu".

In the economy segment, offers should be monotonous and simple, be “one dish” (like the same pizza). Already along the way, you can offer on the site any other finished products- but you need to advertise only one type of them.

It can be:

• Delivery of hot dumplings;
• Delivery of hot dumplings;
• Delivery of other ethnic dishes (of any nationality: it is possible with a courier, or better, a courier in appropriate ethnic attire - buyers who see this will tell their friends, and they will order delivery just to look at such a courier);
• Delivery of Lenten dishes (advertising may contain Orthodox paraphernalia in decent quality), kosher, halal dishes with the appropriate design of the site and boxes with dishes;
• Fruit delivery (advertising should include watermelons, melons - as the most “difficult” purchase for housewives without their own vehicles); you can, with a separate option: "quickly decorate your vases with a set of various fruits."

Of course, the site of such a supplier is simply obliged to contain text not only in Russian and Ukrainian, but also in English, and maybe in other European languages. And the best advertising for poor residents of the sleeping areas of megacities - as well as for many other ideas proposed by our portal - is "mail spam" (paper mini-ads in mailboxes, sometimes with calendars or useful phones on the back), announcements on all designated places in the sleeping area.

It is also possible to cooperate with supermarkets, in which you will buy semi-finished products and at the same time receive advertising space in their premises or in booklets produced by them.

Delivery of products to certain categories of consumers

Here, again, we are talking about the idea of ​​marketing "narrowing" the broad delivery business. A simple "delivery of goods" from the supermarket is insipid and uninteresting. But the “Delivery of goods for pregnant and lactating women” (with both food and medicines, manufactured goods, children's goods of various types by the forces of one company) is promising and fraught with the acquisition of a permanent clientele for many years.

There may even be “delivery of food for students to the hostel” and “delivery of food for military personnel to the checkpoint of a military unit.” And so on ad infinitum. The trick is that belonging to a certain social group is becoming increasingly important in the modern world: social grouping is the core of the future. And this should be used when choosing the target audience of your business.

"Designer" vegetables and meat products

In the case of meat products, we can talk about both a fairly serious production - and the simplest cutting (post-processing) for serving.

In the first case, we suggest paying attention to designer sausages covered through with food coloring and meat rolls, invented by the German meat brand Feldhues: in the context of such sausages are funny and original, and the rolls are mysterious. At the same time, the cost of such a beautiful product is almost equal to the usual one - but it can be sold, for obvious reasons, much more expensive than simple ones. meat products(and will still find massive demand).

In addition, it makes sense for agrarians (especially "greenhouses") to grow cucumbers that give an asterisk or heart shape in a section, cubic tomatoes (and any other fruits up to watermelons) using a set of specially ordered transparent forms.

In the second case, with the help of special molds and knives, “designer” cutting of vegetables, fruits, meat products is carried out - with the formation of whole compositions from them, similar to figured cakes - after which all this is delivered to the customer at special banquet prices.

Anti-energy drinks

Another idea that has prospects for serious production (but may well start artisanally) is relaxation drinks (carbonated or non-carbonated) containing relaxing substances in minimal doses. The first sign of this future boom was the American Drank.

The safest of these substances are tinctures of valerian root, motherwort and melatonin. Of course, the release of such drugs is possible only with the approval of the relevant services on the safety of the proposed drink recipes for health. We note right away that doctors categorically do not recommend combining these substances with alcohol.

For entrepreneurs who do not have production start-up capabilities, we can recommend a cocktail bottling of such soft drinks - based on juices, carbonated and mineral waters. Portable points of sale of such draft drugs can find seasonal demand on beaches, embankments, constant demand in parks and near cinemas (after screenings).

Aphrodisiac and potentiogenic drinks

Finally, another strategy that has not been implemented so far may be based on adding minimal proportions of “female” aphrodisiacs (for example, vanilla in combination with the indicated relaxing substances: valerian or motherwort) or “male” potentiogens (for example, yohimbe tincture) to drinks.

For opponents of artificial effects on the body, we point out that here, in fact, there will be more advertising slyness than biochemical stimulation. Of course, in reality, ultra-small proportions of bioactive substances cannot have a significant physiological effect. However, even a small drop of an aphrodisiac can be catalyzed by powerful adequate marketing - which activates the self-hypnosis factor in the minds of consumers. In fact, only the latter is capable of causing the claimed physiological effect in consumers.

Many people dream of starting a business, but the need for large investments and lack of experience in the organization are scary. Organization own production solves all of the above problems at home - large investments are not needed at the start, there is no need to rent a room, hire staff. Making goods for sale with your own hands is an opportunity to “try” yourself in the field of entrepreneurship, evaluate the profitability of a niche and the consumer audience, all kinds of risks and the level of competition. The most important thing is that there is an opportunity to do what you love, plan your work schedule, work for yourself and your future.

Features of production at home

When planning to manufacture selected products at home, a number of issues need to be addressed. The business must be quiet, safe, without harmful emissions. Since you don’t need to rent a room, set aside a certain space at home for work so that your activities do not interfere with the household.

Then you need to resolve the issue with registration, for example, if you need to open an IP. Some craftsmen who produce small batches of products and sell them to friends via the Internet do not apply to government agencies. But when cooperating with trade missions, selling goods to stores, you still need to register and have permits, quality certificates (depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bactivity).

Before you start making goods at home, you need to complete the key task - to organize sales. Further profit depends on the well-established sales channel. Ways to sell products that are made at home:

• creation of an online store;
• sale through pages or groups in social networks;
• information on forums, bulletin boards ();
• conclusion of an agreement with trade representations, shops;
• opening your own point of sale (requires additional investment).

The sale of home-made goods is the final part of the project. Wherein important criterion- price policy. The cost should pay for the home-made process and generate income for the business creator. At the same time, prices should not be too high for the competitiveness of the chosen direction.

Making food for sale

No one will argue that homemade food is tastier and healthier. But in modern society, not everyone has time to cook it, even for. Therefore, preparing food for sale is a great idea for aspiring entrepreneurs.

Production of pickles, jams

In order to make products for sale, you will need a stove, pots, containers for preservation, seaming lids and a key. As a rule, all this is available in the kitchen of a modern hostess. If you buy what you need, on average you will need capital in the amount of 15-18 thousand rubles. This is much less than the purchase amount.

Raw materials for pickles can be purchased in bulk or grown on your own land (if available). Can be used as traditional recipes, as well as various novelties in cooking (citrus and cinnamon jam, pumpkin or plum-chocolate jam, Korean-style carrots). Practice shows that in the summer the level of sales for pickles decreases significantly, so it is better to spend this time on harvesting, and organize trade in the winter.

Production of semi-finished products

It is not difficult to make semi-finished products for sale; you can organize a business at home in your own kitchen. You will need ordinary kitchen utensils, while giving a large role to the meat grinder. Of the equipment you need to buy freezer for storing products and ingredients for cooking. In the future, for development, you will need a dough mixer, a flour sifter and other devices.

Sales channels can be different - from a small private outlet to partnerships with existing stores. In both the first and second cases, you need permission to sell from SES.

The range of products is diverse - at home you can make cutlets, pancakes, dumplings, pasties, dumplings with different fillings. At the time of organization, it is not recommended to choose a wide assortment line, it is better to stop at 15-20 types.

Sale of healing herbal tea

Many people today monitor their health, giving preference to natural ingredients with healing properties. Herbal tea is gaining popularity among the domestic population. It is not difficult to make a collection at home, it does not require large expenses for its production. You can collect all the ingredients in the summer when you leave not nature, but buy the missing herbs at the pharmacy. It is better to sell products at home in dry form; when forming the collection, proportions must be observed. Fabric or paper bags tied with ribbons look original. They need to stick a label indicating the name of the collection, composition, medicinal properties, method of preparation and recommendations. You also need to indicate your contacts for further sales.

Making cakes to order

To make pastries and cakes for sale at home, it is not necessary to have a culinary education. Many housewives have proven this time and again. The following requirements are put forward for products - excellent taste, the use of fresh ingredients, creativity and original approach when decorating baked goods. The last condition is especially important. You can buy a regular cake in the first grocery store that comes across. But many order it for a special occasion - a child's birthday, wedding, anniversary. Decorations are practiced in the form of favorite characters, funny inscriptions, tiered cakes. You can advertise your services on social networks, on thematic forums. Some distribute their business cards in places where the target audience congregates (early development centers, holiday agencies). When working, it is recommended to pay attention to the portfolio, only in this way a potential client will be able to assess the level of qualification.

needlework business

In order to make various souvenirs, jewelry and other items of needlework, skills and abilities are needed. Today, sewing, knitting, decoupage, jewelry are popular. People with great pleasure purchase boxes, postcards, calendars, which are made by hand.

Polymer clay jewelry

This type of earnings at home is suitable for housewives, mothers on maternity leave, students. To develop a business, certain skills, a desire to learn, imagination and perseverance will be required.

In order to make polymer clay jewelry for sale, you need to go through three steps:

1. create a product shape;
2. dry and fire clay products;
3. add other decor elements.

From a technical point of view, the process is quite simple, for work you need special boards, scissors of different sizes, clay and jewelry - chains, buttons, sparkles, beads. The resulting products are unique, have an excellent appearance. Starting investments for organizing a business are small, they can be quickly recouped due to the low cost of the resulting product.

Advice: on contact with fire polymer clay emits hydrogen chloride (in a small amount), which is toxic and harmful to the body. Ventilate the room after work, fire clay in places with a good ventilation system.

soap making

Making soap at home for sale is within the power of everyone. To do this, you need a special soap base, molds, various essences, spices and essential oils which are used as an additive.

Such handicrafts are purchased as a gift, so on the eve of holidays, sales increase several times. To make soap at home, learn common techniques and recipes, which are many on the Internet. It is better to make the first batch small and test the product yourself. It is important to take care of beautiful packaging on which you can paste your contacts. If the buyer likes the soap, he can use specified information for a new order. It is better to sell handmade soap at fairs or on the Internet, you can establish contacts with cosmetic stores.

Production of frameless furniture

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Everyone can make various products at home, the main thing is desire. Although most of the ideas that are in demand require special skills and abilities, there are enough information and videos on the Internet to help develop them and learn new directions. Making products at home is relevant for enterprising people who have long dreamed of their own business, but could not carry out their plans due to the lack of large capital.

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