Permanent and non-permanent signs of the adjective. Syntactic role

In the course of studying morphology, students of each school level have to study parts of speech. Children learn permanent and non-permanent signs of an adjective already in the fifth grade. Let's analyze their features in detail.

Adjective

This group of parts of speech is colorful and elegant. Not a single text can do without it, even if it is scientific content. Adjectives help us describe size (long, big, tiny), describe someone's appearance (cute, red-haired), indicate colors (white, yellow-blue, purple), reveal feelings (sad, cheerful, angry).

IN initial form it is used in the masculine singular. The main questions it answers are: which? whose? It is in this version that you can find the word you are looking for in a spelling or explanatory dictionary.

Permanent signs

Any competent student knows that all parts of speech have their own characteristics.

Quite difficult to learn are the permanent and non-permanent signs of the adjective.

The first are ranks. They are usually divided into three groups.

The most productive category is qualitative adjectives. Judging from the name, we can understand that they are intended to describe certain characteristics of objects.

They differ from other discharges in that they can form short forms by truncation of the ending.

For example: great - great, constant - constant, light - bright.

Another special difference is the ability to compare one quality with another. In linguistics, this is called the degree of comparison.

For example: cool - cooler (cooler) - coolest (coolest).

These features distinguish qualitative adjectives from all others. No category has so many possibilities.

Remember, if in doubt, this is a constant and inconsistent sign of an adjective, remember that only discharges are classified as the first.

The next group is different from the others. Only possessive adjectives can answer the question " whose?". This category denotes belonging to any animal or person.

For example: wolf trail, shark eye.

The last group is relative adjectives. They suggest what time or place the word refers to. For example: spring drops (season), swimming pool (destination), forest coolness (place).

Non-permanent signs

All characteristics that can change under the influence of something are called non-permanent. Unlike discharges, these may deviate from the initial version.

It is necessary to distinguish between permanent and non-permanent features of the adjective.

The first thing to be named is the genus. All of them (masculine, neuter and feminine) are also inherent in the adjective.

For example: wall - dark - water.

Number is next. This part of speech is used both in the singular and in the plural: any - different.

And, of course, the adjective changes in all cases. In this it is similar to a noun.

The signs of adjectives (permanent and non-permanent) are indicated during morphological analysis. His plan will be indicated below in the article.

Role in the proposal

Permanent and non-permanent signs of the adjective are studied in great detail in the Russian language lessons.

In addition, all its possible syntactic functions are considered in detail.

Since it answers the question “which one?”, It usually plays the role of a definition in a sentence.

For example: Warm summer evening we remember for a long time.

In the case when the adjective takes on the function of action, then it will be a predicate.

For example: The dress was colorful.

Sometimes in Russian there is such a phenomenon as the transition of one part of speech to another. For example, the word "dining room" used to be an adjective. Now it is more often used as a noun, therefore in the nominative case it plays the role of the subject, and in the indirect case it plays the role of the object.

Sample parsing

Before showing an example, it is necessary to develop small plan, which will help not to get confused in the signs.

• Initial form and question.
• grammatical features.
• Permanent and non-permanent attribute of the adjective.
• role in the proposal.

Example: B cozy home the guests settled down.

• Cozy is an adjective (which one?).
• Sign.
• Quality.
• Masculine, prepositional, singular, full form, positive degree.
• Function - definition.

Now you can easily perform the parsing yourself. Be careful, adjectives are often confused with participles.

Related materials:

• Permanent and non-permanent signs of the adjective. Its difference from communion
• What is an adjective? Adjective as a part of speech

Topic: Adjective as a part of speech. The syntactic role of an adjective in a sentence.

Goal: Know:

Morphological features of the adjective

Its syntactic function in a sentence

Roles of the adjective in the text

Use adjectives in speech

Define morphological features adjective

Syntactic role in a sentence

Expand:

Information about the function of an adjective in a sentence

During the classes

I Organizing time

II Checking d / z

IIILinguistic warm-up

1. What groups can these words be divided into? Underline one of the groups with one line.

Root, prefix, verb, suffix, pronoun, adjective, ending, noun.

The root, prefix, suffix, ending are parts of the word (morphemes).

Verb, pronoun, adjective, noun are parts of speech.

2. Find an extra word in a group of words, underline it with one line:

1) definition, circumstance, subject,

2) adjective, predicate, object.

The adjective is a part of speech.

IVLearning new material

1. Work with text

About what bird in question?

How did you define it?

What words helped you recognize the woodpecker, although the name of the bird is never mentioned in the text? What questions do they answer? (adjectives)

What part of speech are the words with which such an accurate and expressive description of the bird is given?

What words do they explain? (nouns)

2. Riddles

Himself scarlet, sugar,

caftan green,

velvet. (Watermelon)

Golden sieve of blacks

full of houses: how many

black houses -

so many white tenants. (sunflower)

What words help us solve riddles? (Names are adjectives.)

3. Poetic five-minute

What adjectives help the poet to figuratively draw a birch? Underline all adjectives in the text with a wavy line.

Such a means of expressive speech is called an epithet.

Disassemble the adjective sad. Choose synonyms for it, and then antonyms.

Write out from the text three phrases “adjective + noun” (with different nouns). Determine the number, gender, case of adjectives. What do they depend on?

White birch - singular, female, im.p.

On fluffy branches - pl., pr.p.

New silver - unit, s.r., tv.p.

4 Game "Make a word"

Compose a word by first completing a series of actions.

1. Take a prefix from a word that is a definition in a sentence It rained endlessly.

2. Add the subject of the sentence Fear took possession of him.

3. Add an adjective suffix charming and adjective ending red.

Got the word Fearless x/w

What phonetic phenomenon did you encounter?

Why is there two letters in this word?

Disassemble the word by composition.

5. Syntactic Five Minute

Sort sentences by sentence members:

Fearless birds bravely defended the swallow's nest.

The water in the lake is cold.

What is the syntactic role of an adjective in a sentence?

Definition, predicate.

What questions do adjectives answer? What are the adjectives that answer the question whose?

The possession of an object by someone.

6. Lexical work

Read the sentences and find definitions. Which of them show only the quality and property of the subject. And what else expresses the feelings of a person?

1. A rather boring time was approaching. (A. Pushkin)

2. Silk herbs will vanish. (S. Yesenin)

3. Flashes yellow leaf on the green of the trees. (N.Grekov)

4. Our poor garden is crumbling. (A. Tolstoy)

Output: adjectives can show not only the qualities and properties of an object, but also express a person’s feelings, his impressions of an object.

Technological map of the lesson

Compiled by: Kopyak Victoria Leonidovna, teacher of Russian language and literature, MBOU "Secondary School No. 11"

Subject: Russian language. Class - 5 A

Basic Tutorial: Russian language for 5 cells. general education institutions/_M. T. Baranov, T. A. Ladyzhenskaya, L. A.

Trostentsova and others - M .: Education. 2015.

Lesson topic: Adjective as a part of speech. The syntactic role of the adjective

The purpose of the lesson: Repetition of the previously studied about the morphological features of the name of the adjective,

its syntactic role in the sentence.

Tasks lesson:

educational: to identify the quality and level of mastery of knowledge and skills acquired in primary school;

generalize the material as a system of knowledge;

developing: to develop interest in the subject, a positive attitude towards the study of the Russian language;

develop the skill of error-free writing, the correct selection of spelling;

develop speech, the ability to classify and generalize the studied facts;

develop communication skills;

develop cognitive interest;

educational: to cultivate interest in the study of the Russian language, love for Russian nature;

form the right attitude to the word.

Lesson objectives through planned results:

Personal:

creation of value orientations and meanings of educational activity;

creating conditions for the development of respectful attitude of students to each other;

the formation of a conscious attitude to the evaluation of digestible content.

Subject:

know the morphological features of the adjective name, be able to determine the syntactic role of the adjective.

Metasubject:

Regulatory:

to form the ability to formulate the topic of the lesson, the objectives of the lesson, the ability to accept and save the learning task;

learn to adjust the execution of the task in accordance with the plan;

be able to evaluate your work.

Communicative:

develop the ability to work with information in the classroom, coherently express thoughts;

maintain and develop the ability to cooperate in pairs and groups, answer questions, listen and hear;

formulate, express and justify their point of view.

Cognitive:

to form the ability to work with text, performing educational and cognitive actions, carrying out logical operations of analysis, synthesis, classification;

understand and integrate information into the existing stock of knowledge, transform, structure and apply taking into account the tasks to be solved;

extract the required information.

Lesson type: repetition lesson.

Basic teaching methods:

Partial search

Verbal

self control

Visual-verbal

Technology used: technology of the activity approach.

Necessary equipment: textbook. didactic cards with tasks - Appendix 1.

STRUCTURE AND PROCESS OF THE LESSON

	Lesson stage	Teacher activity	Student activities
	Self-determination to activity (Organizational moment)	Greets students, checks their readiness for the lesson. Collection of home notebooks. Creates an emotional mood for the lesson, wishing creative success, achievement of learning goals	Teachers greet, check their readiness for the lesson. Record the number and type of work
	Immersion in the topic of the lesson Activity update	1. Recall what an adjective is? 2. What does the adjective mean? Item Action Subject sign. 3.What questions does it answer? Which? who? which? Which? what to do? what? Which? which? which? which? 4. How do adjectives change? By gender and number By cases and numbers By gender, number, cases 5. What members of the sentence are adjectives? Task: try to guess from the description in the text what kind of bird is it? ………named the king of all waterfowl. He is white as snow. It has a long, flexible and beautiful neck……..beautiful when floating on the smooth surface of the water. Which part of speech helped you guess the bird's name? (adjectives) Compare adjectives: (Swan) beautiful - (swan) beautiful. What is their difference? ( different endings) What form are these adjectives in? (in full and short form) What members of the sentence are adjectives in full and short form? (definition and predicate) Task: write off, inserting the missing word (name of the bird). Underline the adjectives as members of the sentence. Determine the part of speech of the highlighted word. What part of the sentence is it? Test yourself! The adjectives watery, white, long, beautiful, smooth are definitions. The highlighted word is beautiful - an adjective used in a short form in a sentence is a predicate.	Front work.
	Determining the topic of the lesson. Goal setting. Immersion in the topic of the lesson. Goal setting.	Guess the topic of the lesson: I'm friends with the noun And I don't bother at all. My main note: I designate an attribute of an object. Ice (what?) Cold, smooth. Tea (what?) Hot, sweet. I change by birth Numbers and cases. I love attentive children Who am I? (adjective) What role of the adjective did we talk about when we parsed them into sentence members? (syntactic role) Guys, your answer helped us formulate the topic of our lesson. How will it sound, what are the options? Write the topic on the board and in notebooks. What do you think are the goals of today's lesson before us? What will we be study? (We must repeat everything we know about the adjective, the morphological and syntactic features of this part of speech, find out the role of adjectives in speech).	Release versions. Formulate the topic and objectives of the lesson.
	Dynamic pause Creative practical activities for the implementation of the constructed project	Guys, how do you understand the meaning of the name of the adjective? What is attached to this part of speech? What part of speech is always associated with an adjective? What is this type of connection called? Task: Fix speech errors! Watermelon (what?) red Fox (what?) cunning The sun (what?) bright Can nouns and adjectives be different kind, number and case Task: write down adjectives, indicate their gender, case and How does the adjective agree with nouns? (in gender, number, case) Fizminutka Now I will name phrases consisting of adjectives and nouns. When naming phrases in the masculine gender, boys stand up, in feminine- girls: comfortable table, beautiful scarf, tall oak, delicious berry, salt Lake, high mountain, red cat, mother's bag, warm sea, father's laptop. Why did no one stand up when naming some phrases?	Guys, put forward versions. Children perform a linguistic physical minute.
	Application of knowledge in solving practical problems. Primary pinning with commenting during external speech	1) Consolidation of skills to coordinate an adjective with a noun. -	Work on cards, mutual check in pairs. 1 option "Lake in the forest - _______________________, City near the sea - _________________________, Mom's sweater - ______________________________" Option 2. “The road along the coast is _____________________, The sea in the south -______________________________, Dad's jacket -______________________________"
		2) Consolidation of the skills of using adjectives in the preparation of sentences. - Letter with commentary - exercise 566: We do it in a column. We indicate the main word, write the question through a dash, determine, case, number. 3) Repetition of knowledge about the syntactic role of the adjective. 4) parsing sentences on the board: “Early spring has come. 5*) Oral work on exercise 567	They repeat that adjectives agree with nouns in gender, number, and case. They work in a chain. Two students work at the blackboard, compiling one at a time simple sentence with any of the s / s, underline the adjectives as members of the sentence.
	Independent work Independent work	Independent work: reconstruction of the text ex. 574 (on the card) - Paste . Spring but cold. The weather is bad (?) naya. Sky__________.	They work independently on a card.
	Reflection of duality. Inclusion in the knowledge system and repetition	Guess the riddles (task in rows) Green, sweet, sugary (watermelon) Ripe, round, juicy (apple) Brown, furry, clumsy (bear) There is a scarlet ball in the blue bowl, He is bright and hot (the sun) Who runs on the mountain slopes, Chattering with himself And thick green grass Hiding a blue ponytail? (Creek) The blue tent covered the whole world (sky) Conclusion: so why do we need adjectives? (to make our speech bright expressive) Therefore, adjectives say about themselves like this: Nouns sometimes Not life, just boredom. They have no color without us, No smell, no sound. But if we attach to them. They will have more fun. Were we able to solve the tasks? Make a conclusion about the adjective as a part of speech using the answer scheme. The adjective is _______________, which answers the questions _____________, agrees with the noun in __________, in the sentence is _______________.	Carry out self-assessment of their activities, correlate tasks with results.
	Homework Reflection	What new did you learn in the lesson? What caused the difficulty?	Acquire the ability to motivate to organize their activities
	Evaluation. Homework		Write homework in a diary

List of used literature

Russian language. Grade 5 Lesson Plans to the textbook Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Baranova M.T. and others - M., 2014.

2. Russian language for grade 5 general education institutions/_M. T. Baranov, T. A. Ladyzhenskaya, L. A. Trostentsova and others - M .: Education. 2015.

3. Thematic and lesson planning in the Russian language / T.V. Raman.-M.: Exam Publishing House.

4. Russian language lessons in grade 5 / E.I. Nikitina - M .: Education, 2003.

1 option. Adjective 2 Replace these phrases "noun + noun" with synonymous "adjective + noun", keeping the main word. In new phrases, put the question from the main to the dependent word, determine the gender of the adjectives. Lake in the forest -__________________________________________, City near the sea - ______________________________________, Mom's sweater - __________________________________________. 3. Insert appropriate adjectives, determine their syntactic function . Snow falls from ______________ clouds, then rain. The ___________ wind blows and sways the _______________ branches of the trees. Everywhere there are puddles of ____________ water and _____________ drifts of snow. And yet, my heart is happy (?), But because spring has come. 4.

Option 2. FI__________________________________________ 1.Cluster Adjective 2. Replace these phrases "noun + noun" with synonymous "adjective + noun", keeping the main word. In new phrases, put the question from the main to the dependent word, determine the gender of the adjectives. The road along the coast -____________________________________, The sea in the south - __________________________________________, Dad's jacket - ___________________________________________. 3. Insert appropriate adjectives, determine their syntactic function . Spring but cold. The weather is bad (?) naya. Sky________________. Snow falls from ______________ clouds, then rain. The ___________ wind blows and sways the _______________ branches of the trees. Everywhere there are puddles of ____________ water and _____________ drifts of snow. And yet, my heart is happy (?), But because spring has come. 4. Make a conclusion about the adjective as a part of speech using the answer scheme. Place a “!” next to information that is new to you. The adjective is _______________________________, which answers the questions ___________________________, is consistent with the noun in _________________, in the sentence is _________________________________.

A sentence is one of the basic units of syntax. It is a complete thought and can consist of one or more words. From a grammatical point of view, the sentence has members - the main ones (subject and predicate), as well as secondary ones (what is the syntactic role of this or that part of speech in the sentence? We will try to understand this issue below: we will consider only

The syntactic role of the noun

As a rule, it acts as the main member of a sentence or addition. But the peculiarity of this part of speech is that it can become any member of the sentence. In their basic role, nouns can be defined, for example, by adjectives, pronouns, participles, with agreement in such categories as gender, number, and case. A noun can also form syntactic constructions with verbs, adverbs and predicative words.

Syntactic role of adjective

The most common role of an adjective in a sentence is the agreed definition, but it is not the only one. The adjective can also act as a subject or nominal part compound predicate. It is typical for adjectives in short form to act only as a predicate.

The syntactic role of the adverb

The usual role of the adverb is the circumstance - the mode of action, time, place, cause, purpose, measure and degree. However, sometimes it can be predicate. There is also a separate group of adverbs that play the role of allied words in a sentence.

The syntactic role of the verb

The verb usually acts as a predicate. The infinitive (if you don't remember - it can also be part of a compound predicate, or be a subject, object, definition, circumstance.

The syntactic role of the participle

The participle has the same grammatical properties as the adjective, therefore, in a sentence it often acts as an agreed definition. However, its relationship with the verb also allows the participle in some cases to be the nominal part of the compound predicate, but this is typical only for short forms. In addition, the participle with dependent words forms the so-called which, being an indivisible construction, can be almost any minor member.

The syntactic role of the gerund

The participle in the sentence is only a circumstance. However, in the composition, it may become another minor member of the proposal, but it is important to remember that the turnover is considered as a whole.

The syntactic role of the pronoun

The role of the pronoun directly depends on which category it belongs to. Since the variety of pronouns gives them wide possibilities, they can act as a subject, predicate, definition and object - depending on the context.

The syntactic role of the numeral

Numerals in a sentence can be both subject and predicate, as well as a definition or adverb of time. As you can see, nothing complicated.

Princess Phonetics will provide an opportunity to remember letters and sounds,

Queen Morphology reminds you of parts of a word, parts of speech,

but King Syntax will introduce us with the syntactic role of adjectives in a sentence.

3. A minute of calligraphy.

Open your notebooks, write down the number, class work.

Give a characterization of the letter.

F.I of the student

vocabulary work

Work in pairs

turn on

Independent work

final grade

1. Vocabulary work.

Here he is shaking the tree
And whistles like a robber
Here's the last leaf tearing off
And spins it, spins it. IN ether.

Over forests, cities,
Over the fields
Caravans are passing by
Unprecedented ships.
Keep their way around the earth
These wonder ships. ABOUT Blaka

Sitting under a bush, trembling.
He sees a wolf and runs. W ayatz

Knocking all the time
Trees are hollowed out.
But they are not crippled
But only heals. D yatel

There are two rows of houses

Ten, forty, one hundred in a row.

And square eyes

They look at each other. At faces

The puck is being driven here with might and main
And they throw everything at the gate.
Here on the field, ice is everywhere,
We are happy with this game! X okkey

Air

By the way air Pick up as many adjectives as there are circles around the word. Make up and write down one sentence and do parsing suggestions - frontal work.

- What is the definition?

Memo.

Definition -

Name Adjective: - Dear Nouns, let us into your possessions, we will help you, we will embellish everything so that you can’t take your eyes off!

Noun: - Please, lovely Adjectives. You can use our forms: gender, number and case. Let everything around become even more beautiful!

All: Together we serve - together we are friends.

View document content
The syntactic role of adjectives. »

Subject: Russian

Date: 4.12.13

Topic: The syntactic role of adjectives.

Tasks: to promote the formation of ideas about the syntactic role of adjectives; contribute to the formation of calligraphic skills, spelling literacy, the ability to find a definition in a sentence, development logical thinking, speech, attention; develop the skills of introspection and self-control; contribute to the education of organization, activity, interest in the subject.

During the classes:

Organizing time.

Message topics, lesson objectives.

Today we are going to the country of Grammar.

Motivation: Grammar, grammar! Science is very strict. You are my grammar, I will master little by little" - In what sense did the word "master" be used.

Pick up synonyms for this verb, (I will learn, I will learn, I will study, I will overcome difficulties, I will learn to write correctly)

Do you want to learn this?

If so, I invite all of you and this amazing country of Grammar, in which the King of Syntax, the Queen of Morphology and the Princess of Phonetics rule.

Princess Phonetics will provide an opportunity to remember letters and sounds,

Queen Morphology remind you of parts of a word, parts of speech,

but King Syntax will introduce us with the syntactic role of adjectives in a sentence.

This means that we will learn what role the adjective plays in the sentence.

3. A minute of calligraphy.

Let's start with a minute of clean writing.

Open notebooks, write down the number, class work.

Let's play the game "The letter got lost." B, c, d, l, e, g, h

Describe the letter.

Write the letters, do the cursive exercise.

Today we will work with a sheet of introspection and self-control of assessments, at the end of the lesson we will summarize.

F.I of the student
vocabulary work	Work in pairs	turn on	Independent work	final grade

Vocabulary work.

Riddles are provided, students independently write down words and determine spelling.

Here he is shaking the tree
And whistles like a robber
Here's the last leaf tearing off
And spins it, spins it... IN ether.

Over forests, cities,
Over the fields
Caravans are passing by
Unprecedented ships.
Keep their way around the earth
These wonder ships. ABOUT Blaka

Sitting under a bush, trembling.
He sees a wolf and runs. W ayatz

Knocking all the time
Trees are hollowed out.
But they are not crippled
But only heals. D yatel

There are two rows of houses

Ten, forty, one hundred in a row.

And square eyes

They look at each other. At faces

The puck is being driven here with might and main
And they throw everything at the gate.
Here on the field, ice is everywhere,
We are happy with this game! X okkey

Collect the last dictionary word by the first letters. Air . Self-examination and self-assessment in the assessment sheet

What part of speech do they all belong to? dictionary words? Tell everything about the noun.

By the way air Pick up as many adjectives as there are circles around the word. Compose and write down one sentence and do a syntactic analysis of the sentence - frontal work.

What do you know about the properties of air?

What role does the adjective play in the sentence?

- What is the definition?

What questions does the definition answer?

- How do we designate a definition in writing?

Memo.

Definition - this minor member sentences that answers the questions: "what?", "what?", "what?", "what?", "whose?", "whose?", "whose?", "whose?" and denotes an attribute of an object. Definitions are usually expressed as adjectives and underlined with a wavy line.

5. Dramatization of the fairy tale "Modest petitioners".

Listen and answer, why is it called a fairy tale?

Adjective:- Dear Nouns, let us into your possessions, we will help you, we will embellish everything so that you can’t take your eyes off!

Noun:- Please, pretty adjectives. You can use our forms: gender, number and case. Let everything around become even more beautiful!

author: The humble petitioners liked the Nouns, took them to themselves, and at the same time they lent their forms. This is how adjectives still live. In order to agree with Nouns, the forms of gender, number, and case are borrowed from them.

All: Together we serve - together we are friends.

Teacher: So, who in the fairy tale is called the Humble Askers?

Output: What kind, number and case is the noun, what kind, number and case is the adjective.

6. Work in pairs.

Read the word. Match the noun with as many adjectives as you can. With one adjective, make up and write down a sentence, determine the gender, number, case of the adjective.

1p - birch 2 p - toy 3p - friend 4 p - notebook

5p - pen 6 p - pencil 7p - apple 8 p - carrot

Fizminutka.

Pee, read,

Get up, step up

Shout, shut up

Dance, knock

Wave, stretch

Blink, smile,

Sit, whisper

Calm down, take a nap...

Now everybody get up

And get down to business.

7. "Turn on"

Form adjectives from nouns singular. Write them down. Write a sentence with the underlined word. Best deal we write down and do a syntactic analysis of the sentence. Highlighted word - phonetic parsing.

River - ..., joy - ..., milk - ..., star - ..., sadness - ..., Forest-… .

8. Independent work.

Read the text using adjectives necessary forms kind and number. Write the highlighted sentence and make a syntactic analysis of the sentence.

It is deep in the yard ... autumn. Boring ... picture! Pour often ... rains. Autumn ... the wind tears the last ... leaves from the trees. Migratory... the birds have long flown away. Morning ... frosts covered the puddles with thin ... ice.

With supporting phrases, compose and write down a short story on the topic " Winter morning". Underline the adjectives in plural. Determine their incidence.

Early morning, pure snow, fluffy hoarfrost, fragile ice, cheerful guys.

nine*. (additional material) Linguistic task - the game "Choose the word".

* Sunny, cheerful........... day

* Clear, cold ............. weather

* Grey, gloomy........... morning

* Brown, blue - ……….. eyes

*Autumn, spring ............. holidays

Self-test. ( teacher reads,)

10. The result of the lesson. What country did we travel to?

What did Princess Phonetics, Queen Morphology, King Syntax introduce us to?

What role does the adjective play in the sentence?

11. Homework. Page 86 ex. 261