Goals:

Tasks:

History reference

Competition No. 1 Guess the sign

No traffic sign

This sign is very strict
Kohl stands on the road.
He tells us: "Friends,
You can't drive here at all!"

Give way sign

If you see this sign
Know that he is not just like that.
To avoid problems
Make way for everyone!

The sign of the drivers is intimidating,
No cars allowed!
Don't try rashly
Drive past the brick!

No overtaking sign

Overtaking sign

Outlaws.

In this place, it's immediately clear

Overtaking others is dangerous!

You, driver, take your time
You see the sign, stop!
Before we continue on our way,
Don't forget to take a look.

No stop sign

Don't load the car here
Don't park, don't slow down.
This sign tells everyone:

Main road sign

Here it is a sign, of which there are few:
This is the main road!
If you ride on it
You become the leader of all
And you, as if to God,
Give way all the way!

Sign "Narrowing of the road"

This sign is a little sad:
The road narrows here!
It's inopportune as always.

Hey driver, don't hoot
Don't wake the sleepers with noise.
Do not frighten passers-by with a whistle,
After all, you yourself will go deaf too.

Sign "Wild Animals"

Wandering here in the middle of the road
Moose, wolves, rhinos.
You, the driver, don't rush
Let the hedgehogs pass first!

Every pedestrian knows
About this underground passage.
He does not decorate the city,
But the cars do not interfere!

Sign "Pedestrian crossing"

There's a ground crossing here
People walk all day long.
You, the driver, do not be sad,
Pass the pedestrian!

Competition No. 2 Riddles

1. A person is drawn,
man digs the earth
Why is there no way?

2. I want to ask about the sign.
It's drawn like this:
Guys in the triangle

4. Why would it suddenly
(Circular motion)

3. Round sign,
and in it a window,
Don't rush in haste
And think a little:

4. This sign of this kind -
He is guarding the pedestrian.
Let's go together

5. I'm used to cycling

6. If suddenly a car is on the way
Decided to be capricious
They'll fix your car there.

7. There is a fork.
Here is a spoon
Refuel a little
They also fed the dog

Competition No. 3

Where the cars move
Where the paths converged

What traffic lights do you know? , ,

? Yes

Competition No. 4 Solution of situational problems

Reference

–

–

History reference.

Road signs

Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Buryatia

STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

"BURYAT REPUBLICAN COLLEGE OF BUILDING AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES"

Horonkhoy branch of SBEI SPO "Buryat Republican College of Construction and industrial technologies» Resource Ecological and Technological Center for Construction Personnel Training

Classroom hour on the topic

TRAFFIC LAWS

Completed by: master p / o group HMK-2

Tabikhanov E.I.

class teacher of the HMK-2 group

Ranzhurova A.S.

Horonkhoy

Goals:

Educational: teach the basic rules traffic, quickly take right decisions in traffic conditions

Developing: development of creative abilities and personal qualities road users

Educational: to develop a culture of behavior and compliance with traffic rules, prevention of child road traffic injuries

Tasks:

to acquaint with the history of the emergence of traffic rules;

teach to distinguish road signs;

repeat the traffic rules for pedestrians;

develop the ability to independently use the acquired knowledge in everyday life

STUDY PROCESS

Host: Guys, today we are here to talk about the rules of the road. The law of streets and roads is strict. He does not forgive if a pedestrian walks down the street as he pleases, not following the rules. But this law is at the same time very kind: it saves people from terrible misfortune, saves their lives. Therefore, only an excellent knowledge of the rules allows us to confidently walk down the street. Today we will learn how we know these rules.

History reference

The rules of traffic rules were born a long time ago ... Attempts to introduce rules for driving along the streets and roads were created at a time when horse-drawn carriages drove through the streets. These rules were, of course, not the same as they are now - much simpler. But even then everyone had to know them.

In 1782, a new theater building was built in Paris. A large number of carriages and pedestrians moved along the streets. Carriages collided, crushed people. And instead of the theater, people ended up in the hospital. Then the city authorities divided the road between carriages and pedestrians.

In Russia, the tsar's decree warned: "Cab drivers and other people of all sorts of ranks should ride with their horses bridled, with all fear and caution, quietly." For disobedience, "the guilty for the first guilt will be beaten with cats, for the second with a whip, for the third they will be exiled to hard labor." The first rules were created for cab drivers and coachmen. Then there were bicycles (two-wheeled, three-wheeled). The first car, steam, was created in 1769. French Jean Cugno. In 1885 German inventors Karl Benz and Daimler created a car with a gasoline engine - a sidecar. Later, cars with an internal combustion engine appeared. With the advent of cars, new rules appeared. In England, for example, when the first cars appeared, a special decree was issued, which stated: “In cities, a man with a red flag must run in front of a mechanical cart in order to thereby warn of danger.” When the first cars appeared in Moscow and St. Petersburg, the city council ordered their owners to drive around the city no faster than 12 km / h. Characteristically, information about roads and road signs is found by archaeologists in other countries as well. For example, the world's oldest sign was found on a road near the Italian city of Livorno. Archaeologists dug up a stone here, on which Latin it was written: "This place is dangerous." So the ancient Roman "movement service" warned travelers about a sharp turn. In one of the cities of England, from ancient times, a hefty cobblestone has been preserved with an indication of the distance to the nearest settlement. Thus, this sign also became a prototype of distance indicators.

The need to regulate traffic arose in those days when there were no cars yet, and the streets were dominated by horse-drawn carriages. In 1886 In London, a railway semaphore with a colored disc was installed. But he didn't justify himself. And in their place appeared regulators. It was not entirely profitable to keep a huge army of traffic controllers. And in 1914. The first electric traffic light appeared in the city of Cleveland (USA). It had two signals - red and green and was controlled manually. And already in 1918. On the streets New York three-color electric traffic lights began to work.

There are a lot of road signs. There are forbidding, prescriptive, warning, information-indicative. That's not all. Priority signs, service signs, signs additional information. In order not to confuse them and to navigate faster, each group has its own color - red, blue and special shape - round, triangular, square, rectangular.

Warning signs are triangular and the perimeter of the triangle is red. Between themselves, the signs of this group differ in drawings inside the triangle. Running children are drawn - a warning to the driver - a school is approaching, Kindergarten. A car with a winding tire track in a triangle warns of a slippery road ahead. In the picture you will see a deer or a cow, which means that animals may appear on the road.

Competition No. 1 Guess the sign

No traffic sign

This sign is very strict
Kohl stands on the road.
He tells us: "Friends,
You can't drive here at all!"

Give way sign

If you see this sign
Know that he is not just like that.
To avoid problems
Make way for everyone!

The sign of the drivers is intimidating,
No cars allowed!
Don't try rashly
Drive past the brick!

No overtaking sign

Overtaking sign

Outlaws.

In this place, it's immediately clear

Overtaking others is dangerous!

Sign "Movement without stopping is prohibited"

You, driver, take your time
You see the sign, stop!
Before we continue on our way,
Don't forget to take a look.

No stop sign

Don't load the car here
Don't park, don't slow down.
This sign tells everyone:
"The one who is standing here is wrong!"

Main road sign

Here it is a sign, of which there are few:
This is the main road!
If you ride on it
You become the leader of all
And you, as if to God,
Give way all the way!

Sign "Narrowing of the road"

This sign is a little sad:
The road narrows here!
It's inopportune as always.
Suddenly there is not enough space for us?

Sign "Sound signal is prohibited"

Hey driver, don't hoot
Don't wake the sleepers with noise.
Do not frighten passers-by with a whistle,
After all, you yourself will go deaf too.

Sign "Wild Animals"

Wandering here in the middle of the road
Moose, wolves, rhinos.
You, the driver, don't rush
Let the hedgehogs pass first!

Sign "Underground crosswalk»

Every pedestrian knows
About this underground passage.
He does not decorate the city,
But the cars do not interfere!

Sign "Pedestrian crossing"

There's a ground crossing here
People walk all day long.
You, the driver, do not be sad,
Pass the pedestrian!

Competition No. 2 Riddles

Listen to these riddles and try to guess what these warning signs will be called.

1. A person is drawn,
man digs the earth
Why is there no way?
Maybe they're looking for treasure here? ( Road works)

2. I want to ask about the sign.
It's drawn like this:
Guys in the triangle
They are running with all their might. (Children)

4. Why would it suddenly
Are the arrows in a circle?
(Circular motion)

3. Round sign,
and in it a window,
Don't rush in haste
And think a little:
What, is this a brick dump? (No entry)

4. This sign of this kind -
He is guarding the pedestrian.
Let's go together
We make our way to this place. (Crosswalk)

5. I'm used to cycling
And on it I boldly go. (Bicycle lane)

6. If suddenly a car is on the way
Decided to be capricious
They'll fix your car there.
They will instantly put you on your feet. (Car maintenance)

7. There is a fork.
Here is a spoon
Refuel a little
They also fed the dog
We say "thank you" sign. (Point of supply)

Competition No. 3

Children! Try to guess the name of the next contest!!

Got up from the edge of the street in a long boot
Three-eyed scarecrow on one leg.
Where the cars move
Where the paths converged
Helping people cross the road. (Traffic lights)

What traffic lights do you know? Three-section traffic light, traffic light with an additional section, traffic lights with the function of traffic control in certain directions, reversible traffic lights, railway traffic lights,traffic lights with red signals, pedestrian traffic lights, traffic lights for cyclists

What does the combination of red and yellow traffic lights mean? a short combination of red and yellow signals informs drivers that the green signal will turn on soon.

What does a flashing green traffic light mean? ? flashing green signal informs drivers that its time is running out and yellow will soon turn on Is it possible to move on the green flashing? Yes

What does a flashing yellow traffic light mean? The intersection has become unregulated (or the pedestrian crossing has become unregulated).

What should a pedestrian do if he did not have time to complete the transition to the permissive traffic light? stop on the center line and wait for the traffic light

Competition No. 4 Solution of situational problems

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Reference

What are the roads covered with now?(Now the roads are covered with a layer of special petroleum resin, bitumen or asphalt). History reference. Previously, there were no sidewalks on the streets. Every year more and more carriages appeared on the street, and the number of accidents grew.

In 1782, a new theater building was built in Paris. Moved through the streets a large number of carriages and pedestrians. Carriages collided, crushed people. And instead of the theater people ended up in the hospital. Then the city authorities divided the road between carriages and pedestrians. People began to walk on the sidewalk. - Now there are sidewalks in all cities and towns, villages. This part of the street is completely owned by the people. On busy streets, sidewalks are separated from the carriageway by brightly colored railings.

– How to walk on the sidewalk? (Movement on the right side).

– Sidewalks are arranged higher than the carriageway for what?(In order for water to drain faster from them in the rain, so that cars do not accidentally drive onto the sidewalk and do not touch passers-by, in order to protect pedestrians and protect them from traffic). “In our time, it’s hard to imagine that you can do without a sidewalk. There is a certain order in the apparent turmoil of traffic. All transport is subject to a strict law, which is called the “Rules of the Road”.

History reference.
The rules themselves were born a long time ago ... Attempts to introduce rules for driving along the streets and roads were created at a time when horse-drawn carriages drove through the streets. These rules were, of course, not the same as they are now - much simpler. But even then everyone had to know them. In Russia, the tsar's decree warned: "Cab drivers and other people of all sorts of ranks should ride with their horses bridled, with all fear and caution, quietly." For disobedience, "the guilty for the first guilt will be beaten with cats, for the second with a whip, for the third they will be exiled to hard labor." The first rules were created for cab drivers and coachmen. Then there were bicycles (two-wheeled, three-wheeled). The first car, steam, was created in 1769 by the Frenchman Jean Cunho. In 1885, German inventors Karl Benz and Daimler created a car with a gasoline engine - a motorized carriage. Later, cars with an internal combustion engine appeared. With the advent of cars, new rules appeared. In England, for example, when the first cars appeared, a special decree was issued, which said: "In cities, a man with a red flag must run in front of a mechanical cart in order to thereby warn of danger." When the first cars appeared in St. Petersburg and Moscow, the city council ordered their owners to drive around the city no faster than 12 km / h. Characteristically, information about roads and road signs is found by archaeologists in other countries as well. For example, the world's oldest sign was found on a road near the Italian city of Livorno. Archaeologists dug up a stone here, on which it was written in Latin: "This place is dangerous." So the ancient Roman "movement service" warned travelers about a sharp turn. In one of the cities of England, from ancient times, a hefty cobblestone has been preserved with an indication of the distance to the nearest settlement. Thus, this sign also became a prototype of distance indicators.

Road signs
The need to regulate traffic arose in those days when there were no cars yet, and the streets were dominated by horse-drawn carriages. In 1868, a railway semaphore with a colored disk was installed in London. But he didn't justify himself. And in their place appeared regulators. It was not entirely profitable to keep a huge army of traffic controllers. And in 1914, the first electric traffic light appeared in the city of Cleveland (USA). It had two signals - red and green and was controlled manually. And already in 1918, three-color electric traffic lights began to work on the streets of New York.

There are a lot of road signs. There are signs forbidding, prescriptive, warning, information and indication. That's not all. Priority signs, service signs, additional information signs. In order not to confuse them and to navigate faster, each group has its own color - red, blue and a special shape - round, triangular, square, rectangular.

Warning signs are triangular and the perimeter of the triangle is red. Between themselves, the signs of this group differ in drawings inside the triangle. Running children are drawn - a warning to the driver - a school, a kindergarten is approaching. A car with a winding tire track in a triangle warns of a slippery road ahead. In the picture you will see a deer or a cow, which means that animals may appear on the road.

"We study the rules of the road."

"Traffic light" for grades 1 - 4.

Goals: systematization and control of students' knowledge of traffic rules, development of cognitive processes and independent thinking skills in schoolchildren.

Venue: classroom.

Running time: 40 minutes.

3 teams are participating.

• "Name". Come up with a name for the teams, taking into account the subject of this quiz (up to 3 points).
• "Envelopes". Each team receives an envelope with traffic signs. Each has 5 characters. Guess the names of road signs (1 point per sign).
• "Who quickly". Teams raise their hand - if they know the answer (2 points).

Quiz.

1. Red, yellow, green? (Traffic lights)
2. Monetary punishment for violators of traffic rules? (Fine)
3. Two-wheeled vehicle? (A bike)
4. Crosswalk).
5. Bus stop).

• "Question answer". For each correct answer, the team receives 1 point. If the team answers incorrectly, then the right to answer passes to the team that knows the answer. Questions are asked to the teams in turn:

1. What is a sidewalk? (Road for pedestrian traffic)
2. What is a zebra? (Road markings indicating a pedestrian crossing)
3. Who is called a pedestrian? (Person outside the vehicle, on the road, but not working on it)
4. How to bypass the tram? (Front)
5. Who is called the driver? (a person driving a vehicle)
6. Where can children play outside? (In specially designated areas for games)
7. At what age is it allowed to ride a bicycle on the roads? (from 14 years old)
8. How to bypass the bus and trolley bus? (Behind)
9. What must people sitting in the front seats of a car do? ( buckle up security)
10. What is a railway crossing? (Point of intersection of the railway with the road)
11. At what age can you get a driver's license? (At 18 years old)
12. At what traffic light should you cross the street (Green).

• "New sign". In 3 minutes, come up with and draw a new sign that is missing on the roads (up to 3 points).

• "Riddles". The first team to raise their hand answers (2 points each)

This horse does not eat oats

Instead of legs - two wheels. (A bike)

What a miracle - a red house,

There are many passengers in it.

Shoes are made of rubber

And it feeds on gasoline. (Bus)

He wears a trunk, not an elephant.

But he is stronger than the elephant.

It replaces hundreds of hands!

Without a shovel, but digging! (Excavator)

A rock walks along the road

heavy, huge.

And now we have a road

Like a straight line. (Road roller)

A mole climbed into our yard,

Digs the ground at the gate.

A ton will enter the mouth of the earth,

If the mole opens its mouth. (Excavator, tractor)

Runs and shoots

Grumbles quickly.

The tram can't keep up

Behind this chatterbox. (Motorbike)

I will believe with a long neck -

I will pick up a heavy load.

Where they order - I will put

I serve the man. (Crane)

Where they build a new house

a warrior walks with a shield,

where it will pass, it will become smooth,

there will be a level playing field. (Bulldozer)

• "The proverb factory". There is a proverb "You go quieter - you will continue." Your task is to come up with your own rule, your own proverb for pedestrians in 2 minutes (up to 3 points).
• "Car of the Future" In 3 minutes, come up with and draw a “car of the future” and then defend your project. Why is he good? (up to 3 points)

Summing up, presentation of diplomas.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

COLLEGE OF INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRY AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES

AGREED

College Methodist

A.Zh.Abdibekova

"_____" __________ 20__

APPROVE

Deputy Director

for academic work

___________ S.Zhramazanov

"_____" __________ 20__

OPEN LESSON PLAN

On the subject of the Rules of the road.

Subject: Warning signs. Characteristics, purpose,

application.

Teacher Yernazarova Zh.E.

Taldykorgan 2015

PLAN LESSONS №

Developing:Rdevelop logical thinking, memorystudents, through the analysis of comparisons of various typessigns and develop mental ability.

Educational: To form interest in the subject being studied and instill love for the chosen profession.

CLASS PROVISION

BUT. Visual aids: slides on the topic.

B. Basic literature: Handbook for preparing for exams on the Rules of the Road of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2015.

II. Repetition of the material covered Checking homework:

Conversation Poll:

Why do we need traffic rules?

How are traffic rules related to the car device?

What is a "main road"?

Who is a road user?

What is "mechanical TS" and just TS?

What is a "Locality"?

What is a "railway crossing"?

II. Tests on cards (3 students work. Test on 3 questions)

III. This is curious (Homework survey from the encyclopedic material).

III. Presentation of new material (methodology) interactive-communicative technology.

Characteristics of signs;

Appointment of signs;

Application of signs.

Characteristics of signs: The group of warning signs consists of 32 main signs, a total of 49 signs, taking into account the fact that some signs have sub signs.

All warning signs have a triangular shape with the tops up, except for signs 1.3, 1.4, 1.31 and 1.32.

All signs are outlined in red, drawn in black characters on a white background. And signs 1.31.4, 1.31.5, 1.32.1, 1.32.2, 1.32.3 were introduced in 2009.

These new signs when changing traffic rules. Signs 1.31.4, 1.31.5, 1.32.1, 1.32.2, 1.32.3 are rectangular signs drawn in black characters on a yellow background, signs 1.31 indicate the direction of the turn of the road, and signs 1.32 indicate an obstacle detour. (See the book).

Purpose of signs: Warning signs are designed to warn or restrict traffic in dangerous areas in populated areas and outside populated areas, that is, they warn drivers and other road users about the dangers that may arise on the road while driving.

Application of signs: Warning signs are placed on the right and left sides of the roadway, in populated areas they are placed 50-100 meters away, and in non-populated areas 150-300 meters from the dangerous area. Signs 1.13, 1.14 "steep descent", "steep ascent" mean descent or ascent for every 100 meters of ascent or descent in degrees.

12 0 this means 12% ascent or descent.

On the road, there may be different percentages of ascent or descent, depending on the terrain.

For example: Why do you think they are doing a global reconstruction of the road on the “Arkharlinsky pass”, because the pass was with sharp turns that were accompanied by long descents and ascents.

Related slide show

IV. Fixing new material

(performance of tasks, assessment of knowledge, etc.)

Interrogation by slides (warning signs are shown in a scatter on the slides)

What signs are placed with a plate and without additional plates?

At what distance are the signs "road works" in the village?

What signs are installed immediately before the railway crossing?

What signs are repeated in non-populated areas?

What is the difference between signs 1.16 and 1.16.1?

What is the difference between the signs 1.11 and 1.12?

v. Homework

1. Prepare encyclopedic material for the new topic "priority signs".

2. Which of the "warning signs" are placed on our roads?

SDA pp. 33-35 fig. 2.

V І . Summing up the lesson

(Rating with

Open lesson on

the world around in 3rd grade

on the topic: "Road signs"

Lesson topic: Road signs

The purpose of the lesson:

To acquaint with road signs and their groups, to form regulatory, personal, cognitive and communicative UUD.

Personal

Orientation in the moral content and meaning of both one’s own actions and the actions of those around them, the development of ethical feelings (shame, guilt, conscience) as regulators of moral behavior (verse “Bad history”)

Knowledge of basic moral standards (fair distribution, mutual assistance, honesty, responsibility) (throughout the lesson)

The development of benevolence, trust and attentiveness to people, readiness for cooperation, friendship, helping those who need it (verse. Dunno)

Development of empathy, emotional and moral responsiveness.

Formation of a mindset for a healthy and safe lifestyle, intolerance and the ability to resist actions and influences that pose a threat to life, health, safety of the individual and society within their capabilities.

Regulatory:

Goal-setting (setting a learning task - what is known, what will we learn) (at the beginning of the lesson)

Control (comparison of the method of action and its result with a given standard in order to detect deviations and appropriate correction) (task with synonymous correspondence)

Self-regulation (the ability to mobilize forces and energy, to volitional effort, to overcome obstacles.

Cognitive:

General education:

Self-selection and formulation of a cognitive goal (at the beginning of the lesson)

Search and selection of necessary information; application of information retrieval methods (throughout the lesson)

Structuring knowledge (outcome of the lesson)

Conscious and arbitrary construction of a speech statement in oral and written form (signed drawings)

Semantic reading as understanding the purpose of reading and choosing the type of reading depending on the purpose; extracting the necessary information from the listened texts of various genres; definition of primary and secondary information; free orientation and perception of texts scientific style. (poems, read text about road signs)

Modeling (sign model at the stage of studying groups of signs and at the stage of inventing your own sign)

Brain teaser:

Analysis of objects in order to extract features (sign analysis)

Synthesis - making up a whole from parts, self-completion (drawing, decorating the sign in accordance with the recommendations)

Establishing causal relationships

Building a logical chain of reasoning

Evidence (how to cross the road safely)

Statement and solution of the problem:

Formulating the problem (one week before the lesson)

Independent creation of ways to solve problems of a creative and exploratory nature (we were looking for brochures with signs)

Communicative:

Planning educational cooperation with the teacher and peers - determining the purpose, functions of participants, ways of interaction.

Questioning - proactive cooperation in the search and collection of information;

Managing the partner's behavior - control, correction and evaluation of his actions.

The ability to express one's thoughts with sufficient completeness and accuracy in accordance with the tasks and conditions of communication; possession of monologue and dialogic forms of speech in accordance with the grammatical and syntactic norms of the native language.

Lesson objectives:

To form in students a clear idea of ​​​​the conditions for the distribution of road signs into groups based on their distinctive features; learn to identify causal relationships; draw conclusions.

Develop cognitive interest, abstract and logical thinking of students, as well as visual memory and attention; improve students' ability to cooperate in groups;

Update knowledge of the rules safe behavior on the roads, to cultivate a conscious attitude to the observance of the rules of the road.

Equipment: computer, multimedia projector, presentationpowerpoint, didactic handout for group and individual work.

During the classes

I . Org. moment. Emotional mood.

Guys, today we have an unusual lesson of the world around us. First, we have guests, let's say hello to them.

See how you sit? (in groups).

That's right, today we work in groups. And how should you work in a group so that you can find answers to your questions? (harmoniously, listen to each other, do not talk loudly).

Well done, I think we can do it.

II . Introduction to the topic of the lesson. Setting goals and objectives of the lesson.

Listen to the poem and explain why it is so called "Bad History".

The city is full of movement -
Cars run in a row.
Colored traffic lights
Both day and night are burning.
But who at the red light
Walking straight?
And this is the boy Petya -
A braggart and a mischief-maker.
Drivers are worried
All the horns are buzzing
Wheels and motors
They want to stop.
The driver turned abruptly
Sweating like never before
One more minute
There would be trouble.

Why is the poem called "Bad History"?

What trouble could happen? What did Peter not know?

What are roadside assistants for drivers and pedestrians?

(Road signs)

That's right, and the topic of our lesson is "Road Signs".

Formulate the goals and objectives of our lesson.

And what is "Road Signs"? Let's try to find the meaning of this word. There are files on the table. Take file number 1. Get it out of it various definitions, read, choose the one that is most suitable for the phrase "Road signs". We all work together, confer in a group, decide who will be responsible.

(Read, choose)

So which definition did you choose? Right. (Slide)

Road signs - are figures of a certain shape, size and color.

Road sign - a material sensually perceived object.

Road signs - this is an element of road equipment in the form of a brush of a certain shape with symbols or inscriptions intended for the information of drivers and pedestrians.

Cut and paste the topic of our lesson on your prepared sheets of paper, stick the definition next to it.

What do you think traffic signs are for?Road signs do the same job as traffic lights. They help regulate the movement of cars and pedestrians. Road signs tell you what is waiting for the driver on the road.

Who should know road signs? Only drivers?(and pedestrians too)

Road signs are made in the form simple drawings, they are always clear, not similar to one another, without unnecessary details and decorations. Why do you think the signs are made in the form of simple drawings? (so that they can be distinguished from afar and that they are understandable to Russians, Tajiks, and foreign tourists)

What road signs do you know? What do they stand for?

Historical information about the origin of road signs.

Scientists were surprised when, during excavations near the Italian city of Livorno, they discovered a "road sign" from the times ancient rome. (Slide)

The Latin inscription warned "This place is dangerous!". Already in those distant times people, just like we do today, thought about traffic safety. Our ancestors took care of the roads, even when they rode horses and walked. In the forest they made fences on trees, in the steppe they laid stones and set up pillars. (Slide 1,2)

Under Peter I, the pillars became striped, well visible from a distance. Later, on the pillars located at the crossroads, they began to make inscriptions about where the "path-road" leads. (Slide)

Road signs, especially those with multiple words, took time to read. Not every driver had time to read them, especially in the dark. Another question arose. If there is a foreigner on the road who does not know in English How can he know about the danger?

Therefore, it soon became clear that the signs and symbols - the best way for all.

In Russia, road signs began to be installed in the 20s of the last century. They were made on the basis of reflective colored paint for better visibility in the dark. Road signs have great importance for road safety. Therefore, it is forbidden to remove, damage, block them. Intentional damage to road signs entails a fine.

Road signs are a wonderful invention. They are understandable without words to the inhabitants of all countries. The problem of ensuring safe movement along the streets became relevant with the advent of horse teams and other first vehicles. It's hard to believe, but even in those distant years, people died from an unorganized movement.

As long as the speed of the horse carriage did not exceed 20 kilometers per hour, no special road signs were thought of.

The first car in the world was invented by Karl Benz in 1886. (Slide 1.2) Traffic rules appeared a long time ago. Sometimes they took rather curious forms, for example, there was such a requirement that a boy run in front of the car, loudly announcing the approach of the carriage, so that respectable citizens would not faint from horror when a monster appeared on the road at a nightmarish speed of 12 miles per hour.

In 1909, an international road congress was held in Paris, in which Russia also participated.The congress discussed the requirements for the installation of signs. 4 road signs were accepted. (Slide)

In 1920, the first official rules of the road appeared: "On motor traffic in Moscow and its environs (rules)".

In 1961, the first general rules appeared that were in effect everywhere in all cities - "Rules for driving along the streets of cities, settlements and roads of the USSR."

Road signs are used in all countries of the world, and drivers of transport, arriving in another country, without knowing the language, understand the signs on the road signs of this country and have the opportunity to drive on unfamiliar roads. Signs are placed on the right side of the road.

III . Repetition of the studied material. (Homework check).

From the message, you learned that not only drivers, but also pedestrians should know the rules of the road. Remember and name, please, the three main rules of a pedestrian. (Front poll) ? In the form of a test.

1. Pedestrian must walk

a) on the sidewalk

b) on the road

c) on the sidewalk and the roadway

2. Pedestrian crossing the street

a) where he wants

b) in the designated place

c) depending on the situation and time

3. You need to cross the street on

a) red light

b) green light

c) yellow light

Slide check.

U. : Look at the screen (slide presentation), did you correctly name the three main rules of a pedestrian? Guys, if you know the rules of the pedestrian, then any road will be safe for you.Slide check.

Slide.

Walk on the sidewalk and never walk on the road.

Cross the street only where it is supposed to and never cross (or run across) in the wrong place.

Cross the street only on green light.

IV . Work on the topic of the lesson.

The teacher's story about road signs.

Guys, these are road signs - they warn pedestrians and drivers of a possible danger (for example, that the road is slippery, that roadworks are underway, and other dangers), prohibit passage, overtaking, exit, limit the speed of movement, indicate the place to turn and park transport. Road signs are used in all countries of the world, and drivers of transport, arriving in another country, without knowing the language, understand the signs on the road signs of this country and can drive on unfamiliar roads. Guys, when you grow up, you will also drive vehicles. Knowledge of road signs will be useful to you not only today as pedestrians, but also in your future life.

Road signs are divided into 5 main groups: warning, forbidding, prescriptive, information-indicative, service signs.

Guys, in front of each of your groups is a file. In it you will find material. Read the text, study (what are the road signs, what does this or that group of road signs mean, what is the difference between this or that group of signs, what do the signs in the red triangle, in the blue circle, in the red circle, in the blue rectangle mean)

- First group , find everything aboutwarning signs tell others about it.

- Second , to prescriptive signs.

- third, find and read everything relatedto prohibition signs.

- Fourth, find and read everything relatedto informational signs.

- Fifth find and read everything relatedto service marks.

Material for self-study in groups.

Road signs perform the same role as traffic lights, marking lines for the carriageway of streets and roads. They help regulate and organize the flow of cars and people, facilitate the work of drivers, help them and pedestrians to navigate correctly in difficult traffic conditions.

What is the purpose of road signs?

Road signs warn pedestrians and drivers of a possible danger, indicate a possible danger, oblige drivers to be extremely careful; establish the order of crossing intersections or narrow sections of streets; prohibit any actions of drivers and pedestrians; order drivers to move in a certain direction, i.e. Follow the instructions indicated on them; inform drivers of various road conditions; contain various information, explanation and help drivers and pedestrians to navigate along the way; notify about places of rest, gas stations, etc. etc.

On which side are road signs placed?

Road signs are placed on the right side of the road.

Road signs, road markings and other technical means of organizing traffic are of great importance for traffic safety. Therefore, it is forbidden to remove, damage, obstruct signs, damage the road surface, stack and leave any objects on the roads and create other obstacles to traffic. Deliberate damage to roads, railroad crossings and other road structures or technical means regulation of traffic, deliberate obstruction of traffic entail a fine.

All road signs are divided into different groups according to their purpose:

warning signs, forbidding, prescribing, informational signs, service signs.

Prescriptive signs. Mandatory signs - signs of a round shape of blue color with white pattern. These signs tell the driver which way to move on the road.

warning signs - these are triangular signs with a red border,which are clearly visible from afar.The main function of such signs, as their name implies, is to warn the driver and pedestrian of possible dangers and warn him against traffic accidents.Warning signs are installed on dangerous sections of roads and are easy to distinguish from all other signs.

prohibition signs – red round signs. These signs prohibit the driver from doing anything. For example, entry, stop, overtaking.You can often find the following prohibitionsroad signs : no entry (traffic sign brick), no traffic, no turn, no overtaking, restriction top speed, is prohibited. Prohibition signs are white or blue circles with a red border. Many of them have a red cross line.

Informational signs . Most of these signs are blue rectangles or squares with various designs.

Among the signs that are directly intended for pedestrians arethe following signs: "Bus and (or) trolleybus stop", "Tram stop", "Taxi parking", "Pedestrian crossing", "Artificial unevenness".

Service marks is a blue rectangle with a pattern. Service is service. Service signs tell the driver where to eat and rest, fix the car, where gas station, hospital, etc.Service marks are a blue rectangle with a pattern.

Cut out the name of your group of characters, select your group's character model in the file, paste the name and model of the characters.

Decide who in the group will answer about their group of signs, tell the rest of the groups.

V . Checking the progress of work (each group speaks with its own message. During the presentation, slides with signs of a certain group appear on the board).

The teacher reads the riddles and makes a summary.

warning signs

Guys, maybe someone knows what any of the signs means?

Road works

- Why is there no way

Man is digging the earth.

Maybe he's looking for a treasure

and old coins

They are in a large chest.

They must have been hidden away

Under the earth, a greedy king.

O pass turn

There's a dangerous turn here

The sign warns

Don't fly like an airplane

Nobody gets hurt

Rough road

Rough road

threw up a little

It's good that the sign is worth-

Here the driver will slow down.

Railway crossing with barrier

That's the sign

I don't believe my eyes!

What is the battery for?

Does steam heating help the movement?

This is very desired sign!

Says to the driver:

“Here the barrier is a crossing,

Wait, the express will pass!”

Teacher: Well done! And here you can see the signslippery road, other dangers, Railway without a barrier.

There are a lot of warning signs. Guys, you must remember that the distinguishing feature is a white triangle with a red border.

prohibition signs

The next group of signs are prohibition signs.

Name some of these signs you know.

Stop prohibited

Autumn, winter and summer,

And in the spring where the sign weighs
Drive on, don't slow down!

Well, if you want to get up,

You will definitely get a fine.

No entry

Brake driver. Stop!

The sign is in front of you.

This sign is the strictest

So that you do not drive into a mess.

You must follow the sign

Don't go under the brick.

Bicycle traffic is prohibited

Remember this sign, my friend:

Bicycle here and circle

With a large red border.

You stand in front of this sign!

Carry a bike in your hands

There is no way for you here!

No Pedestrians

Rain and clear weather
There are no pedestrians here.
One sign tells them:
"You're not allowed to go!"

And who knows what the two remaining signs are called?

Overtaking is prohibited. Sound signaling is prohibited.

A distinctive feature of these signs are white or blue circles with a red border.

Mandatory signs

Movement right and left.

Maybe someone knows these signs

The first sign tells us that you can only move to the left. The second sign is straight ahead.

Dad goes hunting

Goes to the Niva - "Russian Jeep"

Suddenly grabbed his head

I forgot my gun - here I am!

Direction only,

Can't turn back home

Mom told dad

What a hurry he is in vain.

Bicycle lane

Who has a bike

they say:

"There is no problem:

Sit down, pedal

Wherever you want, there

roll!”

It's not easy, it's not

So-

Drive where this sign is:

The circle is painted

into blue.

And in the circle - a bicycle!

Footpath

Along the footpath
Only the legs move.
Only in a stroller and in the movies

It is allowed to drive here.

The guys of prescriptive signs are also a large number, their distinguishing feature is blue circles with a white pattern.

Information - index

Did you see familiar signs here?

Bus stop location

Under this sign, oddly enough,
Everyone is waiting for something all the time.
Some are sitting, some are standing...
What kind of place is this?

Crosswalk

A pedestrian! Decided the road

Is it safe to go?

I will help you with this!

Hurry to find me!

What are the other signs called?

(parking place, elevated pedestrian crossing, underground pedestrian crossing)

Look at the distinguishing feature of these signs is a blue rectangle or square with a pattern.

Service marks

A distinctive feature of these signs is a blue rectangle with a pattern.

Does anyone know what these signs are called? (telephone, food service, hospital, gas station, first aid station).

VI . Phys. minute.

On the path, on the path we jump on the right leg
And along the same path we jump on the left leg.
Let's run along the path
Let's run to the lawn.
On the lawn, on the lawn we'll jump like bunnies.
Stop. Let's rest a little and go home on foot.

VII . Continuation of work on the topic of the lesson.

U. : Look carefully at all road signs. Which of them is important for a pedestrian to know?

This sign warns the driver that there is a pedestrian crossing ahead. Where this sign is placed You can't cross the street!

And this sign indicates the place where the pedestrian crossing is located. Right here you have to cross the street.

Checking the assimilation of the material . (slide)

Children are given bookmarks-memos with the task to connect the name of a group of road signs with a line with a sign.(tested on interactive whiteboard).

information-warning prohibitive

pointing

prescriptive service sign

And now, guys, come up with those and sketch new road signs.Examples of new road signs:

"Beware of slippery!" - this is a warning road sign for pedestrians, installed near slippery sections of roads, a falling person is drawn in the red triangle.

"Don't sleep at the wheel!" is a warning sign for drivers who long time are behind the wheel, in the red triangle the steering wheel and open eyes.

"Put your seatbelt on!" - this is an information sign for drivers, in a blue rectangle a person wearing a seat belt.

"Internet point" is a service mark that indicates that there is a place nearby where you can use the Internet. A computer is drawn in a blue rectangle on a white background.

"Playground" - an information sign that informs that a children's playground is located nearby playground. Children are drawn in the blue rectangle, the distance and direction to the playground are indicated.

"Don't speak mobile phone"- this is a prohibition sign, drivers need it, because. they are very fond of talking on the phone while driving and are distracted from the situation on the road. A crossed-out telephone is drawn in a red circle.

Fishbone Reception. Discussion in groups of the causes of accidents, their consequences (slide)

In the "head" of the fish, a problematic question is written, on the upper bones - the causes, on the lower bones - the consequences. At the end is the conclusion.

Causes of an accident: negligence, technical failure, alcohol intoxication, weather, deliberate damage to signs, haste, ignorance of traffic rules.

Consequences: damage to cars, accidents, injuries, mutilations, death.

Conclusion: everyone obey traffic rules (both drivers and pedestrians)

VIII . Consolidation of the passed. Independent work.

(on leaves)

And now I would like to check whether you can really be called traffic experts now. Answer the questions:

1. Road signs in all countries

C) different

H) the same

2. If a person entered public transport, is he

H) passenger

M) driver

3. Signs: telephone, food service, gas station are

O) prescriptive signs

A) service marks

4. The sign "Pedestrian crossing" looks like this:

T) a blue square, inside a white triangle with a picture of a person

E) a red triangle with a picture of a person

5. Mandatory signs are shaped

A) a circle

O) a triangle

6. From what age is cycling allowed on the roads?

D) from 10 years old

K) from the age of 14

If all answers are correct, you should get a word. Which? "ZNATOK »

I am satisfied with you. You are all experts.

IX . Summary of the lesson. Reflection.

1. - What new did you learn today at the lesson that you didn’t know before?(We learned that road signs are divided into several groups: prohibitory, warning, service signs, prescriptive, informational and indicative.)

Who remembered the signs of which group you collected in the task in groups?

What else did you learn in class? (We learned that road signs have been around for a very long time. In many countries of the world, road signs of the same type are installed. People and drivers need signs to make their way safe.)

What did you like most about the lesson?

How do you end this lesson?

Let's finish our lesson with a syncwine!

2. Sinquains

Signs

Triangular, round

Indicate, warn, warn

Essential on the roads

Help

Signs

Red, blue

Inform, prohibit, prescribe

Be careful on the road

Take Action

Signs

square, triangular

Show, guide, help

Can't do without them

Security

Well done! Today you did a very good job at the lesson, repeated the rules of the road again, learned a lot of new road signs and even came up with your own.

3. Color chart.

Target - assessment by students of the degree of assimilation of new material in the lesson.

On the board Traffic light.

Children in an envelope have 3 yellow, red, green emoticons. They must assess the degree of assimilation of new material in the lesson and attach the appropriate emoticon to the traffic light.

Green - If everything was clear to you at the lesson, you remember the new topic well.

Yellow - If you still have questions on the topic, you need to read the article again at home in order to better remember.

Red - the material seemed difficult, it was difficult for you at the lesson.

Homework.

Carefully consider the road signs that you met on the way home or are located near the house, shop. Memorize them or draw them. Determine their name and the group to which they belong.

And for the most curious one more, very difficult task. In the lesson, we learned only about 5 groups of road signs. In fact, there are a little more of them. Try to find out from adults which groups of road signs are not mentioned in the textbook, and draw such signs.-

And we will finish the lesson with a fun song about road signs.

Children sing the first verse of the "Song of the Road Signs" (to the tune of "The Blue Wagon")

Time has run and floated away into the distance But without you it is impossible.

Don't wait to meet us. road signs,

They told little, did not have time, sorry, Important, complex,

But there's still a minute to go! You should be friends

Chorus: Road signs, Everyone - both you and me!

important, complex,

It's hard to teach you

Additional material:

"Traffic Situations"

Situation 1.

Two boys and three girls left the school. When they approached the pedestrian crossing, the green signal had already begun to flash. The boys ran across the road at a run, while the girls stayed to wait for the next signal. How many children crossed the road correctly?

(Three girls. The safest thing is to wait for the next green signal.)

Situation 2.

Six people got off the bus. Three of them crossed the road at a pedestrian crossing, two went around the front of the bus, and one remained at the bus stop. How many people got it right?

(One. It's best to wait until the bus has left the bus stop before crossing the road.)

Situation 3.

Seven guys were playing ball on the roadway. Two went home. The rest were left to play on the road. How many kids did the right thing?

(None. You can't play on the roadway)

Presented open lessons on the "Rules of the road" on the topics:

2) The beginning of the movement, maneuvering, turns and turns.

3) Warning signs, priority signs.

4) Passage of regulated intersections.

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Preview:

"COLLEGE OF POLICE"

METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

open lesson

on the topic: "The beginning of the movement, maneuvering, turns and turns"

Thing: " "

Lesson topic: "Initiation, Maneuvering, Turns and U-turns".

Designed by:

Teacher Bugakov P.A.

Moscow

2016

Topic: "The beginning of the movement, maneuvering, turns and turns"

Lesson goals.

• Tutorial: familiarize students with general rules starting movement, rebuilding, making turns to the right, left and U-turns.
• Developing: to promote the development of students' understanding of early rebuilding in the right lane, giving warning signals, and correctly assessing the traffic situation; develop the ability to prove and defend one's opinion, draw conclusions; expand vocabulary technical terms and concepts;
• Nurturing:
• Methodical:

Methods and forms of education:

Main method:

Lesson type: combined.

2. Problem based learning.

1. Reproductive.
2. Control.

Knowledge control methods:

1. front poll.
2. monologue answers.
3. Algorithmic.

Interdisciplinary connections:

device and Maintenance Vehicle

Subject: Steering.

Brake system.

Basics of driving vehicles:

Subject:

Equipment:

• a computer,
• computer programs;
• reference notes, posters.

Lesson outline

I. Organizational moment.

1. Greetings

Before we start studying a new topic, let's remember what types of markup exist.

1. What types of road markings exist? (horizontal, vertical, permanent, temporary). Answer from the spot.

2. What is horizontal marking and what is it for? (lines, arrows, inscriptions on the roadway, establishes certain modes and order of movement).Call the student to the board.

3. What is vertical marking and what is it for? (a combination of black and white stripes on road structures and elements of road equipment serves as a means of visual orientation) Answer from the spot.

4 What to do when the meanings of road signs and horizontal marking lines contradict each other? (follow traffic signs)front poll.

questionnaire.

Dialogue with students

1. When is an intersection equipped with a traffic light considered unregulated? (The traffic light does not work in the basic three-color mode).
2. What is the difference between a double solid line and a dividing line drawn using markings? (On the dividing strip, solid lines are spaced apart).
3. What does the markup in the form of a broken line mean, in which the length of the strokes is 3 times greater than the spaces between them? (approach line warns of approaching solid line).
4. What does marking (1.11) mean in the form of two lines, one of which is solid and the other is broken? (separates flows of opposite or passing directions, where rebuilding is allowed only from the side of the broken line; indicates places intended for a U-turn, entry or exit from parking lots).
5. If the roadway is marked with two colors of white and orange, which one should be followed? (orange).

The teacher thanks for the answers and proceeds to the message of the topic of the lesson - the dialogue “Start of movement, maneuvering, turns and turns”.

So, the topic of today's lesson is "The beginning of movement, maneuvering, turns and turns."

Knowledge of this topic will be essential for you to understand how to safely start and finish driving on various roads, changing lanes, making right, left and U-turns.

1. Vehicle U-turns and Movement in reverse.

1. Signals given before starting, stopping and maneuvering.

Before starting to move, changing lanes, turning (turning) and stopping, the driver is obliged to give signals with light direction indicators of the corresponding direction, and if they are absent or faulty, by hand.

The driver's actions related to changing the position of the vehicle on the carriageway must be safe and understandable for other road users.

Before starting to move from the right edge of the carriageway, turn on the left turn signal. When starting from the left edge of the road (in yards, on roads with one way traffic etc.) it should turn on the right turn signal.

It is also necessary to turn on the turn signal before changing lanes, turning or stopping. If the light signaling on the car has failed, or its installation is not provided for on the vehicle, it is necessary to inform other road users about your intentions by hand.

The signal of a left turn (reversal) corresponds to an elongated to the side left hand or right, extended to the side and bent at the elbow at a right angle upwards (Fig. 1, 2).

The right turn signal corresponds to the right arm extended to the side or the left arm extended to the side and bent at the elbow at a right angle upwards.

Fig.1 Signal for a left turn (reversal).

Fig.2 Signal for a left turn (reversal).

The braking signal is given by the left or right hand raised up (Fig. 3)

Fig.3 Signal to stop.

Signaling by direction indicators or by hand must be done in advance of the start of the maneuver and stop immediately after its completion (hand signaling can be completed immediately before the maneuver is performed). At the same time, the signal should not mislead other road users. Giving a signal does not give the driver an advantage and does not relieve him from taking precautionary measures.

Direction indicators must be turned on when maneuvering in yards, adjacent territories and when reversing.

1. Rebuilding vehicles.

"Rebuilding" - leaving the occupied lane or occupied lane while maintaining the original direction of movement. Drivers are rebuilt when overtaking, detour, almost always before stopping and starting to move, as well as before turns and U-turns.

When changing lanes, the driver must give way. vehicles moving along without changing direction.

In the case when only one vehicle is rebuilt, and the other continues to move in its own lane, the driver who enters the "foreign" lane must give way, and it does not matter which side (rule right hand does not apply in this situation).

When simultaneously rebuilding vehicles moving along the way, the driver must give way to the vehicle on the right. That is, when changing lanes, drivers should be guided by the “right hand” rule.

1. Vehicle turns.

Before making a turn or U-turn, the driver must make sure that the maneuver he has planned is not dangerous.

Before turning right, left or making a U-turn, the driver must take appropriate extreme position on the carriageway intended for traffic in that direction. On the desired lane, it is desirable to take the extreme position corresponding to the direction in which the turn will be made. Drivers of large vehicles are allowed to deviate from this instruction.

Enter the intersection with roundabout it is possible from any lane of the carriageway of the passing direction. It is necessary to leave such an intersection from the extreme right position.

If there are tram tracks on the left in the same direction, located on the same level with carriageway, turning to the left and turning around must be carried out from them, unless signs 5.15.1 or 5.15.2, or marking 1.18 prescribe a different order of movement. This should not interfere with the tram.

If signs 5.15.1 or 5.15.2 are installed in front of the intersection, or markings 1.18 (regulating movement along the lanes) are applied, then it is prohibited to enter the tram tracks to turn left or turn around.

The turn should be carried out in such a way that when leaving the intersection of the carriageway, the vehicle does not end up in the oncoming traffic lane.

When turning right, the vehicle should move as close as possible to the right edge of the carriageway.

If the vehicle, due to its size or for other reasons, cannot make a turn, having taken the appropriate position on the carriageway intended for movement in this direction, it is allowed to deviate from this instruction, provided that traffic safety is ensured and if this does not interfere with other vehicles funds.

When turning left or making a U-turn outside the intersection, the driver of a trackless vehicle is obliged to give way to oncoming vehicles and a tram of the same direction.

Before making a turn, the driver must make sure that the maneuver planned by him is not prohibited. At an intersection, turning to the right is prohibited if one of the following signs is placed in front of it: 3.18.1 (turning to the right is prohibited); 4.1.1 (straight ahead); 4.1.3 (moving to the left); 4.1.5 (moving straight or to the left); 5.7.2 (entry onto a one-way road); 5.13.2 (exit to the road with a lane for route vehicles), as well as signs 3.2 (traffic is prohibited), 4.4.1 (bicycle path or lane for cyclists), 4.5.1 ( footpath), 4.5.2 (bicycle path with combined traffic), 4.5.4, 4.5.5 (pedestrian and cycle path with traffic separation), if they are installed before the intersection with the sign 8.3.1 (directions of action). Signs 5.15.1 and 5.15.2 inform the driver about the inadmissibility of turning to the right, if there is no arrow on them that allows turning to the right.

Left turn at the intersection is possible only if there are no signs: 3.18.2 (left turn is prohibited); 4.1.1 (straight ahead); 4.1.2 (moving to the right); 4.1.4 (movement straight and to the right); 5.7.1 (entry onto a one-way road); 5.13.1 (entry to a road with a lane for route vehicles), as well as one of the prohibiting (for example, 3.2) or prescriptive (for example, 4.4.1, 4.5.1, 4.5.2, 4.5.4, 4.5.5), if these signs are installed in front of the intersection together with the sign 8.3.2. Signs 5.15.1 and 5.15.2 provide the driver with additional information about the inadmissibility of turning to the left, if they do not have an arrow allowing a left turn.

Action 3.18.1; 3.18.2, as well as 4.1.1 - 4.1.5 apply to the intersection of the carriageways in front of which they are installed, that is, if there are two carriageways on the intersecting road, the signs act only on the intersection of the carriageway in front of which they are installed. Therefore, turning at such an intersection is possible in some cases. Outside intersections, left turns are prohibited by solid road marking lines and signs 4.1.1; 5.15.7; 5.13.1; 5.13.3; 6.3.1 and 6.3.2.

1. Vehicle turns.

When making a U-turn, you should make sure that the planned maneuver is not prohibited. U-turn at the intersection is not allowed by the signs: 3.19 (No U-turn); 4.1.1 (straight ahead); 4.1.2 (moving to the right); 4.1.4 (moving straight and to the right). In addition, turning at an intersection may be prohibited. road markings 1.18.

U-turn outside the intersection is also not allowed by solid lines of horizontal markings 1.1; 1.3 (double solid line); 1.9 (boundary of lanes for reverse traffic); 1.11 (from the side of the solid line), as well as signs: 4.1.1; 5.1; 5.3; 5.5; 5.11.1; 5.11.2 and 5.15.7.

U-turn is also prohibited:

1. At pedestrian crossings.
2. In the tunnels.
3. At the locations of stops of route vehicles.

1. Reverse movement.

Reversing the vehicle is permitted provided that this maneuver is safe and does not interfere with other road users. If necessary, the driver must enlist the assistance of other persons.

Reversing is prohibited:

1. At the crossroads;
2. At pedestrian crossings.
3. In the tunnels.
4. On bridges, viaducts, overpasses and under them.
5. At railroad crossings.
6. In places where the visibility of the road in at least one direction is less than 100 m.
7. At the stopping points.

In addition, reversing is prohibited on motorways (sign 5.1) and roads for cars (sign 5.3).

Now fill in the base notes. Note how hand signals are given when they stop, how left turns, right turns, U-turns and reversing are carried out. Where turns, U-turns and reversing are prohibited.

Offers:

1. Hand signaling can be completed just before the maneuver is performed.

2. Signaling with a turn signal gives the driver an advantage.

3. Signs 3.18.1 and 3.18.2 (turning right, left is prohibited) prohibit these maneuvers at all intersections without exception.

4. If there are two intersections of carriageways at the intersection, the prescriptive signs 4.1.1 - 4.1.5 installed before the first intersection do not apply to the second intersection.

5 Marking 1.11 (solid on one side, broken line on the other) prohibits U-turns outside the intersection.

After completing the task, students exchange notebooks. Checking the work is carried out at the blackboard. Consider the answers on the example of one of the students. Putting marks on sheets.

Did you like the lesson?

What didn't you like about the lesson?

1. Purpose, designation and procedure for using deceleration and acceleration lanes (Given to weaker students).
2. Determine the procedure for making turns and U-turns of the vehicle at intersections with two crossings of carriageways when using prohibitory and prescriptive signs (Issued in the form of crossroads schemes with signs in various combinations to stronger students).

Literature:

1. Zhulnev N.Ya Textbook, Rules of the road M., "Academy", 2016
2. Gromakovsky G.B. and others. Thematic examination problems with comments M. "Third Rome", 2016

Preview:

STATE BUDGET PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

"COLLEGE OF POLICE"

METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

open lesson

on the topic: "Road signs"

Thing: " Fundamentals of legislation in the field of traffic»

Lesson topic: “Warning signs. Priority signs.

Designed by:

Teacher Bugakov P.A.

Moscow

2016

Topic: “Warning signs. Priority signs»

Lesson goals.

• Tutorial: to familiarize students with the general rules for the use and placement of road signs, types of signs, with the features of the use and placement of warning signs and priority signs.
• Developing: to promote the development of students' understanding of the importance of using road signs as the most convenient and common way to organize traffic. correct assessment of the traffic situation; develop the ability to prove and defend one's opinion, draw conclusions; expand the vocabulary of technical terms and concepts;
• Nurturing: educate respect for technology, understanding the need for respect for environment; educate the ability to listen and take into account the opinions of others;
• Methodical: connection of theoretical training with practical skills.

Methods and forms of education:

Main method: explanatory and illustrative with the use of ICT.

Lesson type: combined.

Used pedagogical technologies:

1. Student-centered learning.

2. Problem based learning.

Methods for stimulating and motivating learning:

1. Creating a situation of cognitive novelty.
2. Problematic situation and search for an independent answer.
3. Reproductive.
4. Control.

Knowledge control methods:

1. front poll.
2. monologue answers.
3. Algorithmic.

Interdisciplinary connections:

Fundamentals of vehicle management.

Subject: Driving a vehicle in normal situations.

Device and maintenance of vehicles:

Subject: Electronic driver assistance systems.

Equipment:

• a computer,
• multimedia projector and screen;
• computer programs;
• a course of lectures on traffic rules and safety;
• interactive multimedia learning system "Electronic board";
• reference notes, posters.

Lesson outline

I. Organizational moment.

(The purpose of the stage: the development of student self-government. The quick inclusion of students in the working rhythm. Education of responsibility for the task assigned.)

1. Greetings
2. Checking the readiness of students for the lesson

II. Repetition of the material covered.

(The purpose of the stage: updating the basic knowledge, skills and motivational states)

1. The teacher reminds students of the material covered in the previous lesson.

Before we start studying a new topic, let's recall the material studied in the previous lesson.

1. What is called the road? (Equipped or adapted and used for the movement of the vehicle strip of land or the surface of an artificial structure).Call the student to the board.

2. What are the main types of vehicles? (Mechanical and non-mechanical) Answer from the spot.

3. What is prohibited for the driver? (Drive a vehicle in a state of intoxication; transfer control to persons who are in a state of intoxication or do not have a driver's license with them, cross organized columns or take a place in them; drink alcohol, drugs after an accident in which he is involved; drive a vehicle in violation of the labor regime and rest; to use while driving a telephone that is not equipped with a device that allows you to negotiate without using your hands, to commit dangerous driving).Call the student to the board.

4 The actions of the driver in an accident in which he is involved. (immediately stop the vehicle, turn on the alarm and put up a sign emergency stop; provide first aid to the injured, call an ambulance medical care»; clear the roadway if the movement of other vehicles is impossible, having previously fixed the position of the vehicle, traces and objects related to the accident; report the incident to the police, write down the names and addresses of eyewitnesses and wait for the police to arrive).front poll.

Each student works individually with the task. You have 10 minutes to complete the tasks.

The students jointly discuss the answers after the specified time. Answer questions (2-3 students).

During the lesson, the teacher fillsquestionnaire .

III. Reporting the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Generalization of students' answers and transition to the perception of new material.

Dialogue with students

1. What does the road include? (one or more carriageways, as well as tram tracks, sidewalks, roadsides and dividing lanes).
2. What basic documents should the driver of the vehicle have with him? (driver's license, vehicle registration documents, compulsory civil liability insurance policy).
3. To whom should the driver provide the vehicle? (for police officers, FSO, FSB, medical and pharmaceutical workers to transport citizens to medical institutions).
4. Under what malfunctions of the vehicle is it forbidden to move? (working brake system, steering, hitch, not burning headlights and rear position lights at night or in conditions of insufficient visibility, not operating the windshield wiper on the driver's side during rain or snowfall).

The teacher thanks for the answers and proceeds to the message of the topic of the lesson - the dialogue “Warning signs. Priority signs.

So, the topic of today's lesson is “Warning signs. Priority signs.

Knowledge on this topic will be necessary for you to understand the organization of traffic on this section of roads, the presence of dangerous sections, the correct interpretation of priority signs at the intersections of unequal roads, and the development of an algorithm for the safe passage of unregulated intersections of unequal roads.

Today we will consider the following questions:

1. Warning signs.
2. Priority signs.

In the course of the lesson, you will fill in the supporting notes that are on your desks.

IV. Learning new material

1. Road signs. Types of road signs.

Road signs are the most convenient and most common way to organize traffic. They help the driver to understand the situation, notify about the dangers on the road, the need to maintain a certain speed mode, prescribe the direction of travel. Signs are most often installed on the right side of the road so that road users can clearly see them. Signs containing important information are sometimes duplicated. Duplicate signs can be installed on the left lane or above the carriageway.

When conducting repair work or for an emergency change in the organization of traffic, temporary signs on portable supports are used. If the requirements of temporary signs contradict the instructions of the main ones, then drivers are required to follow the instructions of temporary signs.

All road signs are divided into eight groups:

1 - warning signs;

2 - signs of priority;

4 - prescriptive signs;

5 - signs of special requirements;

6 - information signs;

7 - service marks;

8 - signs of additional information (plates).

Each sign has a number consisting of two or three numbers. The first number denotes one of the eight groups indicated above, the second is the serial number of the character in this group, the third (if any) is a variation of the same character.

For better visibility at night, road signs are either illuminated or provided with luminous or reflective elements.

1. Warning signs.

Warning signs inform drivers that they are approaching a dangerous section of the road, the movement of which requires the adoption of measures appropriate to the situation.

The main distinguishing features of most warning signs are a triangular shape, a white background and a red border. The exception is subgroups 1.3, 1.4, 1.34.

In settlements, warning signs are installed 50-100 meters before the beginning of the dangerous section. Outside settlements, this distance increases to 150-300 m, since the speed of movement is higher there. If necessary, signs can be installed at a different distance, which is indicated on the plate 8.1.1.

Signs 1.1 "Railway crossing with a barrier", 1.2 "Railway crossing without a barrier", 1.9 "A drawbridge", 1.10 "Exit to the embankment", 1.23 "Children", 1.25 "Road works", containing important information, are usually repeated outside the settlement . The second sign is installed at a distance of at least 50 m before the beginning of the dangerous section.

Signs 1.3.1 "Single-track railway" and 1.3.2 "Multi-track railway" indicate a railway crossing not equipped with a barrier. They are installed immediately before the crossing and allow the driver to estimate the width of the crossing.

Rectangular signs with slanted red stripes 1.4.1 - 1.4.6 "Approaching a railway crossing" additionally warn about approaching a railway crossing outside settlements.

Signs 1.4.1 - 1.4.3 (with an inclination in left side) are installed on the right side of the road, and signs 1.4.4 - 1.4.6 - on the left side. The lanes on these signs are slanted towards the road. Signs 1.4.1 and 1.4.4 are placed under the first sign 1.1 or 1.2 in the direction of travel (for 150-300 m). Signs 1.4.3 and 1.4.6 are placed under the second sign 1.1 or 1.2 in the direction of travel (for 50-100 m). And signs 1.4.2 and 1.4.5 are installed separately in the middle between the first and second signs 1.1 or 1.2 (Fig. 1).

Fig.1 Designation of a railway crossing without a barrier

Sign 1.5 "Intersection with the tram line" indicates the advisability of reducing the speed and the need to give way to the tram when crossing the tram tracks outside the intersection.

Sign 1.6 "Intersection of equivalent roads" warns that when passing through such an intersection, drivers should be guided by the rule of interference on the right (Fig. 2).

Fig.2 Intersection of equivalent roads.

Sign 1.7 "Roundabout" outside built-up areas is always used, and in built-up areas it is installed only in cases where the visibility distance to the intersection is less than 50 m.

Sign 1.8 "Traffic Light Regulation" is installed in cases of limited visibility of the traffic light (less than 100 m) and before the first traffic light at the entrance to the settlement.

Sign 1.9 Drawbridge designates a drawbridge or ferry crossing. Employees of the ferry, according to the rules, belong to the traffic controllers. The sign is duplicated outside the settlements.

Sign 1.10 "Departure to the embankment" is used to prevent the vehicle from falling into the water. Duplicated outside settlements.

Signs 1.11.1, 1.11.2 and 1.12.1, 1.12.2 "Dangerous turns" are placed where there is a rounding of the road of a small radius or limited visibility. In such places, the rules prohibit overtaking. In addition, stopping on the carriageway is prohibited near dangerous turns, and when the visibility of the road is less than 100 m in at least one direction, a U-turn is prohibited.

When approaching a dangerous turn(s), you should reduce your speed in advance in order to move around the curves without resorting to braking.

Signs 1.13 "Steep descent" and 1.14 "Steep ascent" warn drivers about approaching a section of the road that is dangerous due to its steepness.

On the descent, you should move at low speed, without disengaging the clutch and gears.

Before going up a steep hill, you need to shift into the right gear in advance to overcome the hill without disengaging the clutch and shifting gears.

In case of difficult passing on a road with a slope, the downhill driver must always give way. In addition, it is forbidden to overtake at the end of the climb, as well as turn around and stop (when the visibility of the road in at least one direction is less than 100 m).

Sign 1.16 "Rough road" warns of irregularities on the roadway. He recommends slowing down and holding the steering wheel tighter.

Sign 1.17 "Artificial unevenness" warns of the so-called "lying policeman". It is designed to force a speed reduction in the necessary places. Directly at the roughness itself, a sign 5.20 is set, which indicates the boundaries of the artificial roughness.

Sign 1.18 "Ejection of gravel" warns of a section of roads on which an emission of crushed stone from under the wheels of vehicles is possible. When driving in such a section, it is recommended to increase the distance and interval.

Sign 1.19 "Dangerous roadside" warns of a road section on which the exit to the side of the road is dangerous.

Sign 1.20.1-1.20.3 "Narrowing of the road" warns of the narrowing of the road on both sides, on the right and on the left. On multi-lane roads, this sign may indicate a reduction in the number of lanes. It is recommended to slow down and when changing lanes to the next lane, you must give way to drivers moving without changing lanes in their own lane.

Sign 1.21 "Two-way traffic" indicates the beginning of a road section with oncoming traffic. Drivers often see this sign where a one-way road becomes a two-way road.

Sign 1.22 "Pedestrian crossing" warns that after 50-100 m in the settlement and after 150-300 m outside the settlement there will be a pedestrian crossing, indicated by signs 5.19.1, 5.19.2 and (or) markings 1.14.1 and 1.14. 2.

Sign 1.23 "Children" indicates a section of the road near children's institution(schools, health camp etc.), on the roadway of which the appearance of children is possible. The sign is repeated both in the settlement and outside it.

Sign 1.24 "Intersection with bike path or cycle path" warns of crossing with a cycle path or cycle path and requires increased attention from the driver.

Sign 1.25 "Road works" is installed in front of the places of work on the carriageway on the carriageway, roadsides or on the dividing strip of roads, as well as on the sidewalk if pedestrians are forced to enter the carriageway. The sign is repeated and can be installed 10-15 m before the work site.

Sign 1.26 "Cattle drive" is installed in front of road sections passing by farms, cattle yards.

Sign 1.27 "Wild Animals" is installed in front of road sections passing through the territory of nature reserves, hunting farms, forests, etc. It requires increased attention, because. a collision with a large animal is very dangerous.

Sign 1.28 "Falling stones" is placed in areas where collapses, landslides, and falling stones are possible.

Sign 1.29 "Side wind" is installed in front of sections of roads passing through mountain passes, high embankments, bridges, overpasses, along gorges and rivers, where a strong side wind is possible. The most dangerous is the first gust of wind that acts on a car leaving a closed area for an open one.

Sign 1.30 "Low-flying aircraft" is installed on roads passing in the immediate vicinity of airfields.

Sign 1.31 "Tunnel" is installed in front of the tunnel, in which there is no artificial lighting.

Sign 1.32 "Congestion" is used on sections of roads on which a congestion has formed, is used as a temporary one.

1.33 "Other hazards" is installed on road sections where there are hazards not covered by other warning signs.

1.34 "Direction of turn" shows the direction of movement at a curvature of a small radius road with limited visibility, at a T-junction or a road fork.

1. Priority signs

Priority signs prioritize crossings, crossings of carriageways or narrow sections of roads.

They determine the order of passage in those places where the simultaneous movement of vehicles located in different directions is impossible. Priority signs resolve conflict traffic situations, giving priority to some and obliging others to give way.

Sign 2.1 "Main Road" is installed on roads on which the right of way of passage of unregulated intersections is granted. In built-up areas, the sign is repeated before each intersection on main road. If the main road at the intersection changes its direction, then sign 8.13 “Direction of the main road” is placed under the sign 2.1.

Sign 2.2 "End of the main road" means that the advantage when passing unregulated intersections has ended.

Sign 2.3.1 "Intersection with a secondary road."

Signs 2.3.2-2.3.7 "Adjacency of a minor road". These seven signs are placed in advance before the intersections of unequal roads (on the main road), establishing the order of their passage.

Sign 2.4 “Give way” indicates that the driver must give way (not interfere) with vehicles moving on the crossed road. He must, depending on the situation, either slow down or stop.

Sign 2.5 “Movement without stopping is prohibited” prohibits movement without stopping in front of the stop line, and if there is none, in front of the edge of the crossed carriageway. The sign can be installed in front of a railway crossing or a quarantine post. In these cases, the driver must stop in front of the stop line, and in its absence, directly in front of the sign. Outside built-up areas, it may be preceded by sign 2.4 with plate 8.12 indicating the distance to this sign.

Sign 2.6 "Advantage of oncoming traffic" prohibits entry into a narrow section of the road if this may make it difficult oncoming traffic. The driver must give way to oncoming vehicles located at the opposite entrance to him.

Sign 2.7 "Advantage over oncoming traffic" gives the driver the advantage of passing a narrow section of the road in front of oncoming vehicles.

Now fill in the base notes. Record the purpose and location of warning signs in and out of built-up areas. Pay attention to the signs that are repeated. Write down the definition of “give way”, dwell on the features of the passing on narrow sections of the road.

Working with a baseline

V. Consolidation of the material covered.

On sheets of paper, draw five circles, number them.

I am reading five sentences to you. If you agree with me, leave the circle blank, if you disagree with me, shade the circle.

Offers:

1. It is allowed to enter a narrow section of the road marked with sign 2.6 (advantage of oncoming traffic) at the same time as a cyclist who is at the opposite entrance to it.

2. Signs 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 (single-track and multi-track railway) are placed in front of all railway crossings.

3. When it is difficult for oncoming cars to pass on a road with a slope, the driver moving uphill gives way.

4. Signs 1.4.1 - 1.4.6 (approaching a railway crossing) are placed on the right and left sides of the road.

5. If there is a sign 2.4 (give way), the driver must stop and give way to vehicles moving on the crossed road.

After completing the task, students exchange notebooks. Checking the work is carried out at the blackboard. Consider the answers on the example of one of the students. Putting marks on sheets.

VI. Summing up the lesson, reporting grades.

What new did you learn at the lesson today?

Did you like the lesson?

What didn't you like about the lesson?

1. Point out common mistakes in student responses.
2. Note the activity of individual students.
3. Announce the best students, set marks.
4. Homework: (given differentiated).

1. Outline warning signs that are repeated (ingiven to weaker students).

3. Determine the order of passage of the vehicle at unregulated intersections of unequal roads (ingiven in the form of diagrams of intersections to stronger students, in order to apply anticipatory learning in the next lesson). Textbook. Zhulnev N.Ya. Rules of the road M., Academy, 2016.

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