Government subsidies for small businesses. Subsidies for reimbursement of interest on loans

Help for small businesses: organizational system support + 4 detailed options.

A small business that gives its owner financial independence is the dream of everyone who does not want to work for his uncle.

Unfortunately, not everyone can boast of having a decent amount on their account to start a planned project.

Of course, there is always a way. In this case, there are several of them - to be patient and earn capital, to take a loan or loan from relatives / friends / acquaintances,.

But there is also an option like small business assistance which is of several types.

So, today we will talk about how our state supports the development of beginners and experienced entrepreneurs.

State assistance to small businesses: an organizational system for supporting entrepreneurs

The main regulatory act, which must be relied upon in matters of our article, is The federal law No. 209 "On the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation".

With his full text can be found by following the link: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_52144

Also, each region has its own body, which is responsible for the implementation of measures to help entrepreneurs.

A complete list of them is available on the official website of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation in the "Small Business" section: http://economy.gov.ru/minec/activity/sections/smallBusiness

Why is it important to support entrepreneurs?

So, in Russia, only thanks to small and medium-sized businesses, more than 16 million citizens are provided with jobs (and this is a quarter of the entire employed population).

In addition, 20% of GDP is accounted for by SMEs, although in the world this figure is close to 35%, so we have room to strive.

The role of SMEs in the economy of the whole country is very significant. Briefly describe its importance:

creation of new jobs;
formation of healthy competition in the market and adequate pricing for goods and services;
revenues to the budgets of all levels;
filling those niches where it cannot fit big business(provision of household services to the population, small wholesale, marketing).

But owners of small and medium-sized businesses have to constantly face problems and difficulties:

economic instability in the country;
flaw financial resources both for opening and for developing a business;
a large tax burden and the complexity of compiling financial statements;
constant changes in legislation;
lack of personnel (qualified specialists prefer to work for the “sharks” of business, ignoring entrepreneurs);
difficulty in obtaining loans (not every bank wants to deal with a small business).

Agree, not everyone experienced businessman will be able to withstand the difficulties described above, what can we say about beginners.

That is why the state should provide assistance to entrepreneurs.

In 2016, more than 11 billion rubles were allocated from the Russian budget to support SMEs.

But, unfortunately, the amount of assistance to small businesses from the state tends to decrease.

So, in 2014, about 20 billion rubles were allocated to support SMEs, and already in 2015 - 17 billion. In 2016, it was planned to provide financial assistance in the amount of almost 15 billion from the federal budget, but in fact it turned out to be 11 billion.

In 2017, this downward trend in financial assistance continues. The state is ready to provide only 7.5 billion rubles.

Therefore, those who rely on it will have to make a lot of efforts to get it.

The structure of spending on helping small businesses in 2017 looks like this:

Expenses	Amount, billion
Formation of infrastructure for the development of SMEs	3,06
Measures to support single-industry municipalities	0,74
Creation and development of information and consulting support	0,72
Creation of an infrastructure to support SMEs operating in the field of innovation and industrial production	0,69
Completion of capital construction projects	1,6
Promoting the development of youth entrepreneurship	0,23
Creation of multifunctional business centers	0,135

We have figured out the facts and figures, but what is the assistance to small businesses from the state?

So, there are such forms of support for SMEs:

financial - providing financial resources for the opening and development of small businesses (compensations, subsidies, grants, soft loans);
property - provision to entrepreneurs state property on the rights of use ( land, industrial premises);
information and consulting- formation of information systems, as well as free consultations about doing business (trainings, seminars, courses);
infrastructural- formation comfortable conditions for doing business, as well as the creation of business incubators, multi-purpose funds, centers of entrepreneurs;
organizational- assistance in participation in exhibition events and fairs.

Help for small businesses: who can count?

The priority areas that the state is ready to help are:

area of food and industrial production;
innovation;
provision of household and communal services;
healthcare;
tourism, in particular ecotourism;
folk craft and creativity.

Assistance to small and medium businesses: 4 types

In general, there are 4 types financial assistance small and medium business from the state. Let's consider each of them.

1. Money from the employment center (self-employment grant).

In order to combat unemployment and informal employment, the state is ready to provide one-time financial assistance to start a small business.

The amount of assistance in 2017 is 58.8 thousand rubles.

If your business can provide work for one or more citizens, then the self-employment grant can be increased by 58.8 thousand rubles. for each hired employee.

The action of this program applies exclusively to the opening of individual entrepreneurship and cannot be applied to:

minors (under 16) and pensioners;
students full-time learning;
operating individual entrepreneurs or founders of LLC;
citizens with disabilities belonging to the non-working group;
young mothers on maternity leave;
those who work under an employment contract;
those who refused the work offered at the employment center.

In addition to the documents that must be submitted in order to register with the employment center, in order to receive government assistance for small businesses, you will need:

statement;
a copy of the bank account;
project.

If you are unemployed and would like to start-up capital To start your business, you will need to follow these steps:

So, your application is approved, after that they will conclude an agreement with you that you received money to open a business. The funds received should be spent only for the intended purpose and you need to move strictly according to plan.

You need to appear within the time limits set by the employment center to provide reports on the funds spent.

In case of violation of the terms of the contract (misuse, termination entrepreneurial activity ahead of time) you will need help received.

2. Grants for start-up entrepreneurs.

This option of helping small businesses from the state is suitable for those who have some money for its opening and development.

That is, the funds are ready to compensate for part of the costs of opening a business in the amount of up to 500 thousand rubles.

The grant scheme is as follows:

Drawing up a strategy.

This includes drawing up a detailed business plan that will address production, organizational, financial, and marketing issues.

The study of public funds.

On the website of the ministry, you can find bodies and funds that are ready to support.

Familiarize yourself with the directions and requirements for candidates for which organizations work.

Preparation of documents and drawing up an application.

This stage must be approached with all responsibility, because in the absence of even one document or with an incorrectly completed application, the commission may reject your candidacy.

Sending an application and waiting for the decision of the commission.

The commission draws up a certain scoring system, according to which it evaluates the submitted projects.

The one who picks the largest number points and become a grant recipient.

The funds received can be spent on the purchase of equipment, equipment, raw materials, rent coverage, but not for paying salaries to employees. In any case, the use of money should be targeted.

Unfortunately, not everyone can receive such a grant for opening a small and medium-sized business.

State for rational distribution monetary resources can determine different requirements to candidates:

entrepreneurial age no more than 2 years;
passage basic courses on entrepreneurial activity;
business should not be related to gaming, banking, insurance activities, as well as the provision of intermediary services and the resale of goods;
no debt to the state;
employment of a certain number of people.

dismissed from the previous place of work;
university graduates;
single mother;
retired military;
invalids.

Ideas that the commission will consider for issuing grants:

innovation;
socially significant industries;
Agriculture;
export-oriented production;
education;
tourism;
advertising, marketing.

3. Credit on preferential terms.

Getting a loan from a bank is a rather complicated and painstaking work, which does not always end in success.

Therefore, why not try your luck and ask for a loan from the state, but on favorable terms?

The essence of obtaining a preferential loan is as follows:

Guaranteed lending support is provided by the Federal Corporation for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises.
As of now, preferential rates for lending to small businesses are 11%, for medium-sized businesses - 10% (for comparison: you can take a loan under normal conditions at 24-25% per annum).
The maximum loan amount is 1 billion rubles, and the term is 3 years.
Loans are issued to those entrepreneurs whose successful activity lasts about six months.
Loans are not given to those who are on the verge of bankruptcy, who have outstanding debts and questionable credit history.

A loan on favorable terms can be issued for the following purposes:

increase in working capital;
purchase of real estate and transport for doing business;
participation in government contracts.

4. Subsidizing small and medium businesses.

Assistance to small businesses from the state in the form of subsidies is carried out on the basis of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1605: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_173683

For those who do not know: subsidies are the receipt of a certain amount of funds for specific purposes.

As a rule, money is issued on a gratuitous and irrevocable basis. Unlike a grant, the amounts of which are received in tranches, the subsidy is received in one amount at once.

To help small and medium-sized businesses, the following types of subsidies are issued in the following amounts:

Type of subsidy	Sum
Subsidies for reimbursement of interest on loans	Compensation of 3/4 of the key rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation as of the date of conclusion of the loan agreement (up to 5 million rubles and not more than 70% of the actual costs incurred)
Subsidies to reimburse part of the costs under contracts financial lease(leasing)	5 million rubles (but not more than 30% of the value of the leased asset)
Compensation for part of the costs associated with training and (or) advanced training of employees	75% of the cost of training, but not more than 90 thousand rubles, for each trained employee
Reimbursement of part of the costs associated with the payment of the first installment (advance) when concluding an equipment leasing agreement in order to create and (or) develop and (or) modernize the production of goods (works, services)	100% of the paid installment (advance) of the equipment leasing agreement, but not more than 3 million rubles.

AT different regions The amount of subsidies may vary, but the scheme for issuing them is approximately the same:

Compliance check:
- the period of activity of the enterprise is not more than 2 years;
- lack of debt;
- the candidate himself is able to cover the costs of the project in the amount of 50% of the total amount.
Filing an application
Application acceptance
Competitive selection
Receiving a subsidy, providing reports on the targeted use of assistance to small businesses.

The new state program provides an opportunity for beginners

entrepreneurs to start their own business.

How to get this help is explained in detail in the video:

Small Business Assistance Program

In 2017, the following programs of assistance to small businesses from the state will operate:

"Cooperation" - you can get up to 20 million rubles. for business development, namely: improving the quality of the goods produced or the service provided;
"Development" - maximum size assistance to small businesses can amount to 15 million rubles, which must be spent on improving production and creating new jobs;
"Start" - carried out in 3 stages: 1 million rubles, 2 million rubles. and 3 million rubles. This small business assistance program is focused on creating new products and technologies.

The proposed list does not end there, as there are many other programs, as well as funds that provide support to entrepreneurs.

What does the 2016 Small Business Startup Grant offer and how can I apply for it? Starting a business for many is very difficult from a financial point of view. Not all start-up entrepreneurs can realize own plans due to a simple lack of funds. In this case, the state program of assistance to small businesses was developed.

What are small business subsidies?

The state is interested in the development of small business, therefore, in 2016, a subsidy program is envisaged for implementation in the form of gratuitous targeted support for entrepreneurial activity. This is a payment of funds from the state budget that does not require a return, which is very different from a loan or a loan.

According to the program, subsidies for small businesses in 2016 are aimed at the following purposes:

purchase of industrial raw materials;
purchase of necessary consumables;
purchase/rent of machinery, production equipment;
for intangible assets;
carrying out repairs.

A special executive agency. Upon receipt of a positive decision and financial assistance, the entrepreneur must provide a report on how the funds received will be used. This is a confirmation that the subsidy received is distributed precisely for the needs for which it was issued, the entrepreneur is fully responsible for it.

One of the features of the program is that the unspent balance of the accrued amount must be returned to the state budget. The same applies to situations where the misuse of funds has been identified.

Attention: State assistance is not issued for the opening of the production of alcoholic beverages, tobacco products!

Types of state aid

The amount of the subsidy for starting a small business in 2016 is set in accordance with the purpose:

to support an existing business - 25 thousand rubles;
to open your own business with the possibility of increasing the amount of financial assistance - 60 thousand rubles;
to open a business (if the entrepreneur is disabled, unemployed, raising a child alone) - 300 thousand rubles.

In 2016, the terms of subsidies assume that state aid is also provided for the development of an existing business. The enterprise can continue to operate on its own idea or franchise.

How can I get a grant in 2016?

To get state support in 2016, you will have to go through a difficult path, but there is nothing impossible. According to the current legislation, even an unemployed person who has previously registered at an employment center (providing subsidies to unemployed citizens) can receive material assistance. You only need a certificate stating that the person is not employed at the time of applying for a subsidy.

To apply, you must draw up a business plan (example of a business plan), which displays complete information about the type of activity, technology features, type of equipment used, all suppliers of raw materials. Separately, the total cost of the entire project is indicated, including the amount of own investments and subsidies. It will also require an analysis of the volume of expected profit, profitability, payback of the case being opened.

The prepared draft is submitted to the Self-Employment Promotion Department in printed or in electronic format. After the acceptance of the documents in the center, the time of appearance will be appointed, in addition, usually experts recommend immediately opening a savings book to calculate the subsidy.

After agreeing on a business plan, you should contact the tax office for registration, registration usually takes 5 days, after which a certificate will be issued. Next, you should visit the employment center, provide the following documents:

passport;
prepared and agreed business plan;
completed application.

Based on the documentation package, an agreement is concluded between the state and the entrepreneur, then the amount of material assistance will be transferred to the personal account (usually this takes 1 month).

Attention: In order for the subsidy to be accrued, it is necessary to correctly approach the preparation of a business plan, correctly present all the calculations.

Features of obtaining a subsidy

What is the peculiarity of receiving subsidies for small businesses in 2016? State funding now does not require the return of the funds paid if they were spent for the intended purpose, that is, not an installment plan or a loan is provided, but gratuitous assistance. What is the benefit of the state? Such support for small businesses makes it possible to form a new economic unit, ensure the development of the economy and the employment of citizens.

The duty of an entrepreneur after receiving state assistance and implementing his own ideas is to keep records. After 3 months after receiving money to the account, you must come to the employment center, provide information confirming the intended use of the amount received. These can be orders, receipts or checks. The submitted report and the business plan must necessarily match, if disagreements are found in them, the funds will be obliged to return in full.

Attention: The subsidy program also provides protection against one-day firms - for the use of funds, it is required that the activity of the enterprise last for at least a year.

One of the priority areas for which subsidies are issued for the development of small businesses in 2016 are the following areas of activity: education, agriculture, tourism, healthcare.

Receiving government assistance may cause some difficulties, but this is offset by the possibility of material support for business development without the need to return the funds received.

What is state support during the ongoing crisis, and what are its prospects for entrepreneurs in 2016 - material in the light of the new year.
Budget for next year, based on the existing draft law, has already been assessed by experts as quite “tough”. Nevertheless, the budget plans to spend on the implementation (or rather, the continuation) of a number of government programs, including the subprogram "Development of small and medium-sized businesses."

Financing of this budget item in 2016 will amount to 13,065,598.0 rubles, previously the amount exceeded 16 billion rubles, but economic realities forced adjustments to the budget. In addition to this subprogram, partial financing of innovations, priority sectors of the economy, etc. is planned. - Basically, all areas of state support for the current year have been preserved.

Despite the decline in funding, and this has affected almost all government spending, state support should not be completely discounted. In a crisis, entrepreneurs need to use all the opportunities - let's list the main ones.

Types of state support for entrepreneurs in 2016

Subsidizing part of the interest rate on loans

The return of part of the interest on the loan will be available to agricultural producers, as well as entrepreneurs to compensate for the costs associated with the purchase of equipment in order to create, develop or modernize the production of goods. The area of development and implementation of innovative products continues to be considered a priority.

It should be remembered that subsidizing the cost of servicing loans is compensatory in nature. That is, the entrepreneur enters into a loan agreement, makes payments on it, applies for a subsidy, and, if approved, receives compensation for part of the interest expenses. Unfortunately, there is no prior guarantee that the subsidy will be issued.

But if you are developing your business and in any case are forced to use credit resources, you should “check” the possibility of obtaining state support and be sure to use it, if available. Given that state programs contain mandatory criteria, it is advisable to know them even before concluding a loan agreement. So, subsidy programs limit the terms of lending and goals.

For example, if an entrepreneur is credited for the purchase of goods and raw materials, and now he decides to purchase equipment, perhaps the credit policy should be changed: direct his own funds into circulation, and use borrowed funds to buy equipment, if such costs can potentially be subsidized.

Subsidies for the payment of the first installment (advance) under a leasing agreement

This type state support was quite successfully implemented in 2015, and it is planned to maintain it in 2016. We are talking about the purchase of equipment and vehicles. Passenger transport, as well as leasing for individuals, but it is possible that these subsidies will be preserved.

Attention should be paid to the following differences(both pros and cons):

The subsidy mechanism goes through leasing company: the buyer is given a discount when leasing equipment (transport), the issues of subsidizing the entrepreneur are not directly affected. The danger of “buying and not receiving a subsidy” is excluded;
conventional leasing is usually more expensive than a loan. But the reverse may also be true in any particular case. For example, lending involves a higher down payment, and if it is not there, raising additional funds can “eat up” all profitability. In practice, leasing is easier to obtain than a loan. For common system taxation from leasing there are additional "tax" benefits.

Subsidizing part of the cost of business development

Primarily we are talking on targeted support for certain types of entrepreneurial activity, the list of which is established by the region. Thus, in a number of regions, subsidies are provided educational activities (preschool education, advanced training / retraining of personnel), support for agricultural producers and industries that are “significant” for a particular region. Often we are talking about compensation for the cost of modernizing production. In addition, government funding programs often contain requirements for the number of employees, as well as the effectiveness and importance of the project for the economy of the region.

There are separate programs to subsidize the development of folk crafts, but, as a rule, we are talking about financing participation in exhibitions and fairs.

Subsidizing start-up entrepreneurs and supporting youth entrepreneurship

To support youth entrepreneurship, the budget contains a separate item of expenditure. As a rule, support is provided through grants on a competitive basis.
It is also worth noting the possibility of obtaining state assistance through employment centers. Such financing is aimed at reducing the unemployment rate and is carried out in two directions:

subsidies for starting a business by a person with unemployed status;
subsidies for the organization of additional jobs (accordingly, the employer employs an employee from among the unemployed).

The subsidy from the employment center is the most favorite topic on the Internet. But it is worth remembering that the most valuable information can still be emphasized at a direct consultation at the employment center, since it is there that the future entrepreneur can clarify the actual availability of funds, preferred lines of business and all the subtleties on this issue. Please note that open IP or entity in this case, it is necessary only after receiving a decision on the subsidy and concluding an agreement (“early” opening will deprive the right to such a subsidy).

tax incentives

The provision of tax preferences also applies to measures state support. The scheme in this case is more transparent, and the volume of such support is not limited by the budget.

Since 2015, a simplified taxation system for certain types activities received a reduced rate. Unfortunately, it is difficult to give specifics within the framework of the article, since this benefit is established at the regional level. You must either refer to local legislation, having studied it yourself, or get advice from the tax authority at the place of registration or in regional center(Fund) Entrepreneurship Support.

A general recommendation is that if you are only going to organize a business, information about tax benefits should be obtained in advance. Some tax incentives approved for newly opening entrepreneurs, in which case it may be important to indicate immediately upon registration suitable look activities and apply for the application of the simplified tax system immediately at a reduced rate.

Advisory, information assistance

It makes no sense to cover this issue in detail, but this type of state support should definitely be used, at least to obtain information about other state support measures operating in the region.

Official registration of a business is a prerequisite for obtaining state support

The provision of a state subsidy is targeted financing and is subject to state control. Respectively? it is possible to receive financial assistance from the state only for an officially registered business and with strict observance of the conditions of financing.

In 2007, a law was adopted, which is aimed at developing and raising the level of entrepreneurship at the regional level. Since then, the state has regularly taken various kinds of decisions and taken measures aimed at supporting small and medium-sized businesses in Russia.

State support for small businesses in 2018 consists in the adoption of programs and the implementation of activities by local authorities in accordance with federal state programs.

In our today's material, we will consider the forms and methods of state support for small and medium-sized businesses in our country.

Types and forms of state support in 2018

It should be noted that the majority of entrepreneurs do not benefit from state assistance. This is largely due to the fact that many individual entrepreneurs are simply not aware of state support for business.

Full information about all existing programs of state support for small businesses is contained on the official websites of departments and organizations, administrations and municipal bodies responsible for this area.

Small business support programs in 2018 are expressed as:

Subsidy.
Grants.
Free training (or training at a minimum cost).
Internships (workshops).
Obtaining leasing on preferential terms.
Participation in business incubators.
Provision of free or preferential legal, accounting services (on the terms of outsourcing).
Redemption (lease) of premises and production sites owned by municipalities.
Reimbursement of expenses (or discounts) for participation in promotional events, as well as in fairs and exhibitions.

Small business support tools can be both direct and indirect. Indirect instruments, for example, include: tax holidays initiated by local authorities and the creation of business incubators.

It should be noted that support for small businesses is provided by both commercial and non-profit organizations acting as partners of the state. It is these organizations that connect representatives of business structures and the state. Typically, government partners in supporting small businesses are:

investment and venture funds;
public organizations;
business schools;
banks and others.

To participate in the state small business support program, you should carefully study which small business support programs in 2018 work in a particular region of the Russian Federation. In addition, in each municipality carry out activities aimed at helping individual entrepreneurs.

State programs to support small businesses in 2018 in the regions of the Russian Federation

To date, in some regions of the Russian Federation, small business development programs have already been adopted, which are designed for a long period. These programs regulate the conditions of functional, as well as material support for small businesses.

Among the subjects of the Russian Federation that adopted small business support programs in 2018 are the following:

Astrakhan region;
Altai region;
Vladimir region;
Kirov region;
Krasnodar region;
Moscow region;
the city of Sevastopol.

In the context of programs approved in the regions, activities have been identified that will contribute to an innovative approach to the development and management of small businesses. In the course of the implementation of small business support programs, there is a redistribution of budgetary funds between regions for the implementation of local programs.

Support for small and medium-sized businesses is aimed at developing start-up small businesses and entrepreneurs who are engaged in Agriculture, industry and production.

State programs to support small businesses in the Moscow region

Under the program for the development of small businesses in the Moscow region, conditions will be created for the operation of small businesses. Among the main goals of the program are the creation of new jobs, improving the qualifications of personnel and developing the infrastructure of small businesses in the whole region.

State programs to support small businesses in the Astrakhan region

In the Astrakhan region, programs similar to those in the Moscow region are being implemented. They include, among other things:

promotion of entrepreneurial activity;
creating conditions for fair competition among entrepreneurs;
improvement of the investment climate.

Thus, support for small businesses in 2018 is aimed not only at developing the level of small businesses, but also at creating high-quality conditions for the development of the Russian economy as a whole. It is planned to increase the influx of entrepreneurs into small businesses.

For example, in 2017, within the framework of the subprogram "Development of small and medium-sized businesses" of the state program "Economic development and innovative economy", 17 billion rubles were allocated to support business in the regions. In addition, there are many other activities to assist representatives of the small business sector.

Subsidies and one-time assistance for entrepreneurs

The most popular types of state support for entrepreneurs are subsidies and one-time assistance.

If you have registered an individual entrepreneur for at least two years, or you are the founder of an LLC that is less than two years old, you can count on a state subsidy. It should be noted that each region of the Russian Federation has its own requirements for obtaining a subsidy. In this case, there are a number of prerequisites for fulfillment:

the expenditure of the subsidy must be targeted;
spending must be documented;
at the end of the reporting period, it is imperative to present acts, invoices and checks to the control authorities.

It should be borne in mind that misappropriation of the subsidy or the inability to confirm the use of funds will lead to the need to return the allocated money to the budget.

If you are planning to open a turnkey business, then you should not count on a subsidy from the state. The point is that Mr. small business support programs in 2018 are implemented in the form of co-financing, and individual entrepreneur in any case, will have to invest part of their own funds.

Funding for starting a small business can also be obtained from federal service employment. This is provided for within public service to promote self-employment of citizens who have received the status of unemployed.

When planning to receive one-time assistance from the Employment Center (EC) in your region, you should pay attention to some important points. First of all, you need to register with the EC as unemployed and prove that all the employment options offered by the center do not suit you.

Refusals from offered vacancies must be justified. You will need to come to the curator and fulfill all the requirements of the service.

If after a certain period of time you are not hired, then you can proceed to the next stage by making a statement that you are ready to open your own small business.

You may be offered free courses. In addition, you will need to compose detailed business plan. If it is approved, then you can register an individual entrepreneur or become the founder of an LLC.

After registering an individual entrepreneur, you will need to provide documents that confirm the status of an individual entrepreneur to the Employment Center and conclude an agreement on receiving a one-time financial assistance (for running a small business).

Do not forget that reporting is very important for the employment service. The most important thing is to correctly draw up documents for the expenditure of funds, and there will be no claims against you.

According to statistical studies, 70% of people who want to start their own own business, do not advance beyond conversations.

And only 30% of the population have such serious intentions that they are ready to devote all their time to the development of a certain activity.

Importance of small business for the country

The development of the state economy largely depends on small business, since:

It is an important sector of the economy. These subjects tolerate external changes more easily. The general economic downturn in Russia in the early 1990s was offset precisely by such enterprises and their ability to quickly adapt to the new market relations. Government agencies could not cope with competition, as a result of which they collapsed or were subjected to privatization.
Small business is the main source of tax deductions. Small companies form budgets different levels. They pay taxes to the budget, create jobs, provide the population with an opportunity to earn. By the way, this group of taxpayers is more reliable than representatives of big business.
Small businesses develop innovative technologies. Some organizations are interested in the development of new scientific and technological inventions. Such activities are welcomed by the state, so entrepreneurs can count on subsidies and additional subsidies.
They provide employment for people, which has a positive effect on the unemployment rate. A small number of employees contributes to team cohesion, which is not always observed in large enterprises. This increases labor motivation and improves work results. No less important is the fact that socially unstable segments of the population, namely: youth, women, immigrants, etc., can apply for employment. It is here that you can get the necessary experience, climb the career ladder and self-realization.

The main problems of entrepreneurs

An absolutely natural reaction of a person who has decided to engage in any new type of activity is fear. how Small child afraid to take the first step, and an adult is afraid of the unknown. Of course, it is impossible to completely get rid of fear, but it is necessary to reduce its boundaries. To do this, it is worth talking with a more successful entrepreneur, gaining experience from him.

Everyone expects to receive a good income. The main problem of many novice businessmen is the search for a money niche.

It is much more correct to devote oneself to the area in which a person has certain knowledge, skills and abilities, and in which he has an interest.

After determining a suitable niche, you need to think about where to start and which direction is the most correct. Of course, it will not be possible to complete everything without errors, but a thorough analysis is half the battle.

After the start, activities begin to appear various questions associated with choosing the best, determining the optimal cost, attracting additional finance and their correct distribution. Communication with a successful businessman can solve problems.

Every entrepreneur must learn the "Pareto principle": 20% of actions lead to 80% of the result.

Consequently, only 20% are primary and important, and the remaining 80 cannot be called particularly significant. In general, all your efforts should be directed only to those actions that lead to results.

Another problem for novice businessmen is the lack of discipline. Before opening your own business, you need to make sure of your own burning desire, otherwise success is unlikely to be achieved.

What is the support?

Any developing project needs investments that can be asked from the state.

So, the government of Moscow is ready to provide half a million rubles to the newly opened business. This type of subsidy is a gratuitous provision of funds from the city budget to a legal entity or individual entrepreneur, which partially or fully reimburses the businessman's expenses.

Small and medium-sized companies that were registered no more than 2 years ago can apply for this subsidy to the Moscow government.

Financial support can be spent:

for the acquisition of the necessary funds for the conduct of activities;
for the arrangement and equipment of workplaces;
for the purchase of raw materials and necessary materials(no more than 30% of the total amount);
payment of rent payments.

Financial assistance from the state is provided in accordance with the following main condition: the bulk of the funds received must be spent on the needs of the company.

Types of subsidies and grants

To obtain state subsidies, a novice entrepreneur must consistently perform the following steps:

Register with the job center.
Collect and provide the necessary package of documents confirming.
Submit a business plan to the employment agent detailing the goals that require government support.

This help granted once and only if the employment center has not coped with the selection of a suitable workplace for a person. The amount of the subsidy is equal to the amount of the annual unemployment benefit.

Another way to receive assistance is to submit documents to local authorities in accordance with the place of residence. The amount of support here is much larger, however, it is more difficult to get it - the competition is higher.

Federal subsidies are provided by the Fund for Assistance to Small Businesses in Science and Technology. The most beneficial programs include:

"Start". Any company that has been on the market for no more than 2 years and has not yet sold its product has the right to apply for participation (annual revenue should not exceed 0.3 million rubles). Research and development activities can be financed with a maximum of 6 million rubles. for 3 years.
The program is provided for several areas: biotechnology, innovative medicine, IT, development of innovative equipment and materials. After the entire amount of the subsidy has been paid, the annual revenue must increase to the amount of the assistance provided, and employees with a main place of work in the enterprise must be at least half of the total number of workers.
"Development". This program intended for companies that form their own niche, have their own history scientific work and a certain level of cash flow. The program allows you to receive up to 15 million rubles, but not more than the amount of personal funds invested in activities. The assistance is aimed at increasing revenue and profitability.

Departmental programs include:

Two programs for the agricultural sector aimed at supporting farmers and developing livestock. Such grants can be spent on the construction of livestock farms, the purchase of animals, and the improvement of everyday life.
A program that seeks to support organizations engaged in high-tech production, as well as introducing science into various business processes. For allocation of funds, please contact the Ministry of Education.
The Ministry of Industry and Trade is responsible for the development of folk crafts. Due state aid it is possible to purchase raw materials, organize logistics and significantly advance the fishery. Enterprises that are not included in the list of organizations engaged in folk craft, which is supported at the expense of federal funds, cannot count on financing.

Within the framework of regional programs, a company that owes nothing to the state can count on the following assistance:

Subsidies for starting your own business. Any legal entity or individual entrepreneur who registered no more than 1 year ago can apply for support. In Moscow, up to 500 thousand rubles are allocated, in the regions - up to 300 thousand. An increased subsidy can be issued to enterprises engaged in innovative activities. You can spend money on the acquisition of fixed assets, paying rent, providing jobs and purchasing raw materials.
Subsidies for the acquisition of fixed assets on lease. Each individual region has its own rules for issuing this amount: either for making a down payment, or for the full repayment of leasing debt, or for both purposes. The amount of assistance varies from 300 thousand to 10 million rubles. (the final amount depends on the cost of fixed assets).
Loan subsidies. Such assistance does not provide compensation for the body of the loan, its subject is part of the interest for the use of credit money.
Subsidies for participation in exhibitions– the region compensates the enterprise cash spent on participating in such an event.

Many nuances various forms support are disassembled in the following video:

Where and how to seek help from the state?

Small businesses that need financial assistance must take part in a competitive selection. He needs not only to collect a package of statutory and registration documents, but also carefully fill out a special application, the information of which will be the basis for the selection of program participants.

Each significant criterion earns a certain score. Based on the results obtained, the most worthy candidate, who deserves the support of the state, is selected.

The main evaluation criteria include:

the number of jobs created;
efficiency for the budget (the amount of taxes and fees);
social level of business;
a number of other specific parameters.

A novice businessman must provide a carefully developed business plan with detailed information about the purpose of obtaining support, the main costs, the payback period and profitability.

In addition, an entrepreneur can apply for help to local governments, although the competitive basis here is much more pronounced, since many people want to get help, but the state cannot invest in everyone.

Latest updates for 2016

Based on the current trends, we can safely say that there will be even more government programs aimed at supporting business in 2016. This area of the economy is considered the highest priority, so it is beneficial for the state to expand and enlarge it.

Several new solutions are aimed at the tax industry, labor relations, business insurance and the work of credit institutions.

The economic situation in the country is such that the state is forced to keep small entrepreneurs with a guaranteed demand for their goods and services. So, for example, a certain percentage of state purchases is legally established. institutions of goods from small businesses.

In accordance with the presidential decree, in 2016 it is planned to form a state corporation for the development of small businesses. The Agency for Credit Guarantees should form the basis of this organization. The main task of the corporation is the formation of a stable and long-term demand for goods offered by representatives this class entrepreneurship.

In addition, the Ministry of Economic Development was instructed to develop a strategy aimed at developing a medium-sized business. The duration of this program is 15 years. In August 2015, only the first stage was completed. If successfully implemented, by 2030 small and medium-sized entrepreneurs will about 45% of the state's GDP instead of today's 21%.

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