Why plum leaves in a shallow hole. Plum diseases and their control (photo) Plum diseases and their control

Like any living organism, the plum tree is susceptible to disease.

It affects him, like a person, pathogenic flora of three types:

• Bacterial;
• viral;
• Fungal.
• Non-infectious diseases in trees also occur.

During the years of revelry of any of the groups of diseases, not only the garden can lose its crop.

The owner, who has not taken timely measures to protect and treat plants, may lose the garden itself.

Gum treatment of plums and methods of treatment

Gum therapy is not infectious disease, but more often occurs on those trees that have been damaged by frost, infected with other diseases. Quite often, gum disease is a sign that the soils in your area are acidic or overly moist. Gum production is also observed in the areas of novice gardeners who overdo it with fertilizer application.

How to recognize the disease?

The first signs of the disease - on the trunk you can see droplets of translucent gum, which is also called resin. The harm from gum treatment lies in the loss of plants aesthetic appearance, as well as the possibility of infection through wounds.

Control measures

If gum is released, this place must be cleaned with a sharp knife, and then disinfected with a 1% solution of copper sulphate. For greater reliability, after a few hours, the wound can be rubbed with fresh oxal leaves and repeat this procedure several times. At the end of the treatment, the wound should be covered with ordinary garden pitch.

How to protect the garden from gum disease?

In order to prevent the plums that grow in your area from starting to secrete gum, you need to properly care for them, water them moderately and apply normal doses of fertilizer. All wounds that form after sanitary or formative pruning should always be covered with garden pitch.

Plum pockets and methods of treatment

This disease affects the fruits. With a significant infection, more than half of the entire plum crop can suffer.

How to recognize the disease

The first signs of the disease can be seen when the fruits become baggy, and their fleshy part grows strongly. Diseased fruits do not form stones, they are strongly stretched in length and lose their taste.

Observant growers identify this disease by the whitish, waxy coating that appears on the fruit. This sign precedes the mass abscission of plums.

Approximately 15-17 days after the end of flowering, you should carefully examine the trees in the garden.

Plum pockets - fungal disease, which is widely distributed in years with high air humidity and low positive temperatures during the flowering period.

Control measures

Treatment of plants with 3% Bordeaux liquid in early spring (before bud break) or during their swelling will help to overcome the disease. You can carry out additional processing immediately after the plum blossoms, but then the concentration should be 1%.

How to protect a plum from pockets?

If you do not want the disease to appear on your site, always collect and destroy fallen fruits and cut out those branches on which diseased fruits were noticed last year.

Plum dwarfism and methods of treatment

insidious viral disease, which occurs more often in a latent form. It is difficult to identify the affected tree. Dwarfism can manifest itself only at the last stage, when the fight against the disease is meaningless. Therefore, all actions of the gardener should be directed more towards preventive measures.

Signs of the disease:

• depressed tree growth;
• unnatural shape of the leaves. They become elongated, clumsy and more like willow leaves;
• premature leaf fall. This is because the sheet plate becomes brittle;
• yield reduction;
• lack of peduncles or a small number of them. The flowers are ugly and underdeveloped.

At the last stage of the development of the virus, there are practically no leaves on the branches of the tree, they are bare. Single needle-shaped leaves can be seen only on the tops of the shoots.

Infected trees cannot be treated and must be uprooted.

As preventive measures planted in the garden resistant varieties plums, and also regularly treat plants from pests.

Plum moniliosis and methods of treatment

The causative agent of the disease is the monilia fungus. Infection of the tree occurs during the flowering period, if there are drops or a decrease in temperature. Cold spring weather only speeds up the process. Spores penetrate the plant tissue through the pistil, gradually affecting the entire tree.

Signs of defeat:

• sharp fall of flowers;
• drying of peduncles and adjacent leaves;
• old shoots and branches crack, gum flows out of the formed wounds;
• the whole tree looks "burnt".

The disease spreads not only to fruits, but also to shoots, plum leaves. The pathogen overwinters in the affected tissues of the tree. Prevention of moniliosis begins in the fall. All affected shoots are cut out and the garden is treated with Hom, Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride. To spray one tree, you will need up to 4 liters of solution.

Perforated spotting, or plum clusterosporiosis and methods of treatment

The causative agent is the fungus Clasterosporium carpophilum. Numerous, small, reddish spots appear on the leaves, brightening over time in the center, with a blurry raspberry border. The affected tissue cracks and falls out, the sheet becomes perforated.

With a strong spread of the disease, the kidneys, young shoots and fruits are affected. Shallow ulcers with gum are formed on the fruits, reddish-brown spots with a scaly elevation appear. The fruits are deformed, partially dry out. Affected leaves fall prematurely, and affected shoots dry up.

Control measures. To treat plums from this disease, spray the trees before bud break, and again, immediately after flowering with a 1% Bordeaux mixture, HOM or Abiga-Peak preparations. With a strong development of the disease, repeat spraying after harvesting the fruits with the same preparations.

Cercospora plum spot and methods of treatment

The causative agent is the fungus Cercospora cerasella. The spots on the leaves are small, brown in color with a dark border. On the underside, dark sporulation pads form, the tissues of the spots crack and fall out, the leaves turn yellow and fall off.

Control measures. Collect and remove plant debris, spray trees immediately after flowering with a 1% Bordeaux mixture or HOM, Abiga-Peak preparations.

In case of a strong spread of blotch, spray plum trees also and Abiga Peak after fruit picking to treat this disease.

Plum brown spot and methods of treatment

When a plum is affected by brown spotting, or gnomoniasis, small spots begin to appear on its leaves from spring, which can be from reddish-brown to yellowish-ocher, with a purple border. With the development of this disease, black small dots appear on both sides of the leaves - spores of the fungus. Subsequently, the spots increase, turn brown and occupy the entire sheet plate then the leaves curl up and fall off.

The fruits do not ripen, and more ripe plums become ugly in shape. As a treatment, before flowering, the soil and trees are sprayed with a solution of copper sulfate 1% (100 g per 10 liters of water). 14 days after flowering, trees can be treated with 1% Bordeaux liquid (100 g per 10 liters of water) or Hom fungicide (35 g per 10 liters of water). In case of severe infection, repeat the treatment 2-3 weeks before harvest. As preventive measures, it is necessary to remove and destroy fallen leaves in time and dig up the soil around the tree trunk - in the place where fungal spores hibernate.

Polystigmosis - red spotting (lat. Polystigma) plums and methods of treatment

Polystigmosis refers to common fungal infections, the spores of which, with high humidity at the end of spring, affect the plum - diseases and treatment with a photo, as well as detailed description external signs will help to recognize what exactly the tree is infected with, and begin processing.

Small red spots appear on the leaves of trees, which gradually dry out and die. The main preventive measure is the cleaning of plant debris and the burning of fallen leaves in the fall, since it is on them that the pathogenic fungus hibernates. Diseases of plum leaves - polystigmosis or red spot.

If symptoms are detected, it is necessary to carry out eradication treatment of plants and soil in the near-stem circles 1% blue vitriol before the onset of kidney development. Further control methods are the use of fungicides Oksikhom, Skor, Topaz.

Spraying is carried out before flowering, at the end, and after harvesting. The most resistant varieties: Renklod Altana and green, Ochakovskaya, Vengerka.

Plum rust and treatments

Rust on the leaves of the plum tree appears most often in the height of summer. The formation of spots is caused by a fungus, which over time provokes spores in their dark center. The mycelium of the fungus is spread to neighboring plants by wind or rainwater drops. The leaves themselves fall off quickly. According to the observations of gardeners, the whole tree suffers from rust. It weakens and does not tolerate the winter period.

Spraying the plum with a fungicide will kill the fungal infection. You can use Bordeaux liquid. It is important to finish the treatment with any poison 20 days before the fruit ripens. For prevention, you can spray the plum with a fungicide in late June and mid-July. This will be enough to prevent rust from affecting the tree.

Root cancer of plum leaves and methods of treatment

Plum tree disease is caused by bacteria that live in the soil. Microorganisms easily penetrate the root system through the affected areas and cracks, as a result, growths are formed, the growth of the tree stops, young seedlings, as a rule, die.

Note: most often, root cancer appears in dry weather, on neutral and slightly alkaline soils.

How to deal with the disease:

• Do not plant new seedlings of not only plums, but also other fruit crops on the infected area.
• Dig up a tree, inspect the root system, cut off all growths.
• Disinfect healthy roots with a solution of vitriol - per bucket of water (10 liters) 100 grams of copper sulfate.
• If a root system strongly affected, it is better to destroy the seedling.
• At the end of the work, treat all garden tools with a solution of chloramine or formalin.

Video about plum diseases and methods of treatment:

Plum is one of the most common fruit trees in the gardens of the country. Such popularity of the plant is due to the fact that it gives very tasty fruits, which are also useful for any organism. Very often, plum fruits are used as a natural laxative. But, unfortunately, this tree, like almost all others, is subject to diseases and pest attacks that need to be fought.

Perforated spotting or clasterosporiasis

If you study all plum diseases, then perforated spotting can be called one of the most common diseases. This is a fungal infection of the leaves, buds, branches and flowers of the plant. The following signs indicate that the plum is sick:

• pale brown spots on the leaves, which subsequently crumble and holes form in their place;
• leaves may dry up and fall off;
• sunken spots of purple color on the fruits, which eventually become brown and convex, and the flesh dries out, and gum flows out of the spots;
• rounded spots on the shoots, which become elongated over time, then they crack and gum also flows out of them;
• kidney death.

The spores that provoke the disease hibernate in the resulting wounds. When the temperature reaches +4 degrees in spring, they come to the surface and during rain, wind, with the help of insects spread to other trees. Hole spot, as well as other diseases of the plum, are the cause of the weakening of the tree and reduce its yield.

If the disease is susceptible to draining, treatment should be carried out immediately after the first signs are detected. First of all, you need to completely destroy the infected leaves, shoots and fruits. After plum blossoms, treatment with special preparations is required (Bordeaux liquid, copper oxychloride, Topsin M).

fruit rot

As the name implies, plum (disease control is simply necessary) is affected through the fruits. It is on them that rotting spots appear, which eventually cover the entire fetus. As a result, the surface is covered with so-called pads, which consist entirely of fungal spores. In the spring, after suffering winter frosts, a fungal infection that is found in affected fruits can easily spread to healthy ovaries. Therefore, when a plum disease is detected and the fight against them (the photo can be seen in the article) should be instant. In this case, the treatment consists in removing the infected fruit and treating the tree with beard liquid, the concentration of which is 1%.

Coccomycosis, or red spot

Plum (the fight against diseases, as a rule, does not present any difficulties) is very often affected by this fungal disease. As a rule, coccomycosis appears on leaves and fruits due to poor care. This disease manifests itself in red spots, they can be both pale and bright. The underside of the leaf is covered with spores of this fungus. As a result of the defeat, the leaves turn yellow and fall over time, in some cases their color becomes brown.

Fruits can also be affected. In particular, they stop developing. Fungal spores can carry negative temperatures in winter, and in spring the fungus throws them out. Favorable conditions to start the development of the disease are elevated temperature and humidity.

If the plum is affected, the disease (photo can be seen in the article) is recommended to be treated immediately. But first, the tree must be freed from the affected leaves and fruits. After that, they must be destroyed. Effective way struggle is digging up the soil, which must be carried out in spring and autumn. It is also necessary to carry out spraying chemicals, such as Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride. There should be three such procedures:

• during the formation of green buds;
• after flowering;
• after harvest.

Moniliosis

This disease affects flowers, ovaries, fruits, young branches and annual plum shoots. The causative agent is a fungus. There are two forms that affect the plum (diseases and treatment are described in the article):

• monilial burn in spring;
• fruit rot in summer.

Despite the fact that the causative agent of these forms is the same, the number of affected flowers and fruits is completely different. It is the fruits that are most susceptible to the disease, especially if the air is characterized by high humidity. The causative agent of monoliosis can overwinter without losing its viability in mummified fruits, as well as in the tissues of the affected branches.

The manifestations of the disease are as follows: pronounced rot appears on the fruits, after which they dry out. The lesion is a pad about 0.5-1.5 mm in size. It is in these places that controversy accumulates. Rotten fruits can both fall off and remain on the tree until spring.

In the case of fruit rot, it is better to carry out timely prevention than to treat the plum later. It is necessary to carry out thinning pruning in time, to destroy all fallen leaves, since among them there may be rotten fruits, affected shoots.

If the plum (diseases and treatment are described in this article) is already affected by moniliosis, then the trees must be treated with Bordeaux liquid at a concentration of 3-4% during the green cone period and at a concentration of 1% during the period after flowering. As a fixing treatment, spraying is carried out after three weeks after last procedure. During humid summers, the number of procedures should be increased.

root cancer

This disease is very common not only on a tree such as a plum (diseases, photos of which can be seen in the article, are curable), but also on others. fruit crops. Root cancer is caused by bacteria found in the soil. They are able to penetrate the plum root in the event that it has even minor damage. As a result of the disease, the plant stops developing, and the seedlings simply die. This disease is especially pronounced during the period of drought and in the case of growth on slightly alkaline and neutral soils.

Treatment methods are as follows:

• select areas where this disease was not observed;
• when digging up seedlings, the root must be treated, namely, remove the noticed growths and disinfect with copper sulphate;
• in case of severe damage, the seedling must be destroyed;
• it is necessary to process all garden tools in order to avoid infection of healthy plants (a procedure is carried out using chloramine 0.5% concentration or formalin).

Gommosis, or gum disease

Not only plums are affected by gommosis, but also other stone fruits. Frozen trees or those that are already affected by the fungus are susceptible to this disease. In addition, there are factors that increase the risk of the disease. These are high humidity soil and a large number of applied fertilizers.

Recognizing gummosis is quite easy: gum is released from the trunk and branches. After isolation, this substance solidifies, a transparent drop forms at this place, the size of which can be absolutely any.

It is also necessary to fight this disease. First of all, it is necessary to follow the basic rules for plum care. If any damage occurs, they must be treated with a solution of copper sulfate or garden pitch. If the damage by gommosis is too strong, it is better to remove the diseased branch.

Plum diseases and their control (photo): rust

Most often, trees are affected in July. The manifestations of the disease are fully consistent with the name: the upper side of the leaves is covered with round "rusty" spots, which begin to grow as the disease progresses. Perhaps premature fall of the foliage, as a rule, it is the affected one. Rust can significantly weaken the plant, as well as reduce its frost resistance. In some cases, plums may not bear fruit on next year after infection.

It is possible to fight this disease. To do this, it is necessary to completely remove and destroy all affected leaves. Before flowering begins in spring, the tree must be treated with special chemicals, for example, copper chloride (40 g of the agent is diluted in 5 liters of water, 3 liters of solution is enough for one tree). After harvesting with the same solution, the plum must be processed again.

Conclusion

Whatever plum diseases affect your garden, they can and should be fought. If all recommendations are followed, the process will be successful.

Every gardener who grows plums wants to get a strong tree with a good harvest. Diseases, pests, illiterate care are the main factors due to which black plaque appears on plum leaves. A sick plant ceases to bear fruit, grow and eventually dies, but if measures are taken in time, it can still be reanimated.

Diseases

The plum, like any fruit plant, has many diseases that can be determined by the state of the foliage.

bushiness

Witch's broom disease or bushiness refers to fungal infections, which are characterized by excessive growth of diseased branches.

Fungal spores that form on shoots and foliage first have a red tint, then turn brown, gray and turn black. An infected specimen ceases to bear fruit and bloom.

To destroy the fungus, you should make a cardinal cut of all diseased shoots. As a preventive measure, the crown is treated with a Bordeaux mixture at the beginning of the growing season.

Curly

One more fungal disease, which is rapidly spreading and causing great harm plum orchard - curly. Its signs - the leaves are deformed, reduced in size. The leaf plate turns yellow, reddens, then turns brown, after a while it turns black.

Often, fungal spores infect the fruits, as a result of which they become tasteless and unsuitable for food.

A fungal disease that affects all plant organs, including leaves. First, the spores fall on the flower buds, then move to the leaves and fruits. On a diseased tree, fruits resemble bags in which fungus spores are concentrated.

Plum pockets come in different colors - yellow, green, brown and black. At an advanced stage, all organs of the plant are covered with black bloom. The fruits become unfit for food.

A favorable environment for the development of the disease is wet weather and high humidity air. Fungal spores tolerate wintering well on the crown of a tree, and with the advent of spring they begin an active attack, affecting all organs of the tree.

To destroy the fungus, all damaged parts are cut out, then the crown is treated with a Bordeaux mixture.

sooty fungus

A fungal disease in which the spores of the fungus block the supply of oxygen to all organs of the plant. As a result, the shoots and leaves turn black.

Treatment of sick specimens is carried out with the same drugs. The crown is irrigated 3 times with an interval of 10 days.

smallpox

This is a viral disease that is typical for gardens growing in southern regions our country. The peak of development is in the middle of spring. You can notice smallpox by rounded black spots on the surface of the foliage. Deprived of nutrition, they begin to dry out and crumble.

From the leaves, the virus migrates to the fruits, damaging the pulp and skin. Plum becomes tasteless and unsuitable for food.

In order to prevent, it is necessary to regularly inspect trees for the presence of pests and other diseases. Smallpox cannot be cured. If a smallpox-infected tree appears on your site, it should be immediately uprooted and burned.

Clusterosporiasis

A fungal disease that is very quickly transmitted from diseased plants to healthy ones. After successful wintering in the cracks of the bark, the fungus is activated, and primarily affects the foliage. Black and brown spots on the surface of the leaves - the first sign of clasterosporiasis. This sore affects flower buds, ovaries, fruits and shoots.

The spots begin to grow rapidly, covering the entire surface of the leaf plate. Holes appear at the sites of the lesion, so this sore is also called perforated spotting. The affected tree begins massive leaf fall.

At an advanced stage, the diseased plum bears little fruit, the fruits develop tasteless and deformed. In places of cuts, the process of gum flow begins.

Preventive and therapeutic measures are as follows:

• removal from the site of fallen leaves and fruits;
• cutting root shoots and regular loosening of the site;
• triple crown treatment - Bordeaux mixture or copper sulphate;
• disinfection and putty of cracks, wounds and places of cutting shoots with garden pitch.

Moniliosis

The second name of the disease is a burn. Moniliosis affects all organs of the plant. Blackened leaves, shoots and flowers are a clear sign of burn damage. Often this disease is accompanied by massive leaf fall and shedding of flower buds.

In damp conditions and low temperature the process of reproduction of the pathogen - the fungus - is accelerated. Fruits on a plum that suffers from moniliosis begin to dry out, decrease in size and crumble.

Therapeutic measures:

• removal and burning of all areas affected on the tree;
• deep digging and loosening of the soil;
• processing of the crown and the zone of the near-stem circle with copper sulphate or Bordeaux mixture.

coccomycosis

In the people, this disease is called red spotting. Although the leaves affected by coccomycosis are covered not only with red, but also with brown, black spots. First, small dots appear, then the fungus covers the entire leaf plate. Then it moves to other plum organs - flowers, ovaries, young growth. Affected organs begin to massively crumble.

Effective control measures include several activities:

• deep digging and loosening of soil in the area of ​​the near-stem circle;
• crown treatment with Bordeaux mixture;
• whitewashing trunks with lime;
• disposal of all damaged leaves and shoots.

Rust

By the name it becomes clear that the plum is covered with a rusty coating. Leaves are affected first, then flowers. Rusty spots turn brown, then blacken and the affected organs of the tree begin to fall off en masse.

The main task of the gardener is to spray the crown of the plant with any fungicide in time 3 weeks before the fruit is formed. For prevention, the tree is sprayed with a Bordeaux mixture after leaf fall.

Dwarfism

Signs of the disease are blackening of the leaves and their massive fall. Sick specimens become completely bare over time, bloom poorly and bear fruit.

Associated symptoms:

• the growth of young shoots stops;
• the tree is covered with small foliage;
• flowers are formed underdeveloped;
• the yield decreases.

Pests

The causes of black plaque on plum leaves can be not only diseases, but also pests.

Mite

Ticks reproduce at a galloping pace, therefore, if measures are not taken in time, all organs of the plant will be infected. At an advanced stage, the tree dries out and ceases to bear fruit.

Aphid plum

You can prevent the appearance of a pest with the help of prophylactic treatment with Nitrafen. Spraying is carried out on the eve of the flowering of the tree.

Sick trees are sprayed with karbofos. Some gardeners, in order to exclude the effect of chemistry, use folk remedies - ash-soap or tobacco-soap solution, tincture of marigolds or orange peel.

Care and Prevention

Very often, the cause of blackening of the leaves on the plum is illiterate care. This phenomenon can be caused by:

• lack or excess of nutrients;
• improper watering;
• rotting or drying out of the root system.

These problems can be eliminated if you optimize the care of the plant - water it on time, feed it properly, cut it regularly and keep the garden clean.

In order to prevent it is necessary:

• Disinfection during each pruning garden tools, and treat the places of cuts with garden pitch;
• do not thicken the plum garden with other plants;
• with the onset of autumn, remove fallen leaves and fruits from the site;
• after cleaning the garden, carry out a deep digging;
• carry out preventive treatments of the crown and soil around the trunk circle with insecticides;
• sow green manure plants (vetch, peas, mustard), which increase soil aeration and prevent the appearance of pathogenic microflora in it.

Conclusion

The blackened leaves on the plum are not a sentence, such a tree can still be saved. The main thing is to determine the cause in time and bring necessary actions for its elimination. By following preventive measures, you can save the plum garden from many problems and receive annual good harvest fruits.

Red spot (polystigmosis) plums: causative fungus - Polystigma rubrum DC

Class: Ascomycetes

Harmfulness of the causative agent of plum red spot

A widespread type of plum disease.

Symptoms of Plum Red Spot Damage

When affected by this disease, the leaves become covered with bright orange, reddish spots. At the beginning of development, the spots are small and have a yellowish color. Over time, the spots grow, become convex, pillow-shaped with a shiny surface and acquire an orange or reddish color. Leaves affected by the disease usually fall off prematurely. Affected trees accumulate an insufficient amount of plastic substances, as a result of which next year shedding of flowers and ovaries may occur.

Biology of the causative agent of plum red spot

The causative agent of red spot has two stages of development - conidial or spermogonial and marsupial.

conidial stage develops during the growing season of the plum - pycnidia (fruiting bodies) are formed in bright orange-red spots. Conidia are colorless, hook-shaped, filiform.

marsupial stage formed at the end growing season on affected leaves. In this stage, the fungus overwinters on fallen leaves. The spots formed on the leaves become brick red. In the spring marsupial fruiting ripens and the leaves become infected with bag spores.

For the development of the disease importance have heavy rainfall in April and May. It is during this period that ascospores actively spread and plants become infected. In the southern latitudes, the active development of the disease is observed under the following conditions: if the soil moisture in a 10-cm layer exceeds 12% and precipitation in April-May is above the usual norm. According to these indicators, it is possible to predict the development of the disease and, accordingly, take the necessary measures to protect plants.

This disease exists in Far East and develops on the Ussuri plum and has a name - rubella. This disease is caused by the pathogen Polystigma ussuriensis, but unlike red spotting, it affects, in addition to leaves, also fruits.

Control measures for plum red spot

Agrotechnical control measures

• carry out cleaning and disposal of fallen leaves, as it is the main source of the disease;
• winter plowing of row-spacings and digging of near-stem circles is of great importance;
• cultivation of plum varieties resistant to red spot.

Chemical control measures

It is necessary to carry out eradication treatments in autumn period, after leaf fall, and in early spring before bud break. This processing can be carried out in early spring by "blue" spraying with a 3-4% solution of Bordeaux mixture.

• Speed ​​250, k.e. – 0.2 l/ha, double treatment with a frequency of 10-15 days.

Plum is one of the most commonly planted crops in the country. Not all gardeners succeed in caring for it properly, which leads to the occurrence of diseases. Some of them are typical of many fruit trees, others are peculiar only to the plum. Another misfortune is pests. To successfully deal with both problems, an accurate diagnosis of the reasons for the change in the state of the tree is necessary. However, the most The best way to avoid them - to take comprehensive preventive measures.

Plum yield depends on the health of the tree

plum diseases

Plum diseases and their control are an essential part of gardening. Among the diseases, there are those that are found everywhere, others are extremely rare. You can defeat them as proven folk remedies, and modern effective drugs.

Clusterosporiasis

Clusterosporiasis is considered the most common disease of plums. Its causative agent is a fungus that hides in the natural holes of the tree from the outside and in the resulting wounds. Second name

the name of the disease - perforated spotting - speaks of its characteristic feature: brown spots on leaves of various sizes with torn edges. Gradually, their number increases, the leaves in these places dry out, holes form. If the process has gone far, then the leaves fall off. Klyasterosporiosis often affects the fruits and branches, from which the gum leaves. The rapid spread of the disease is caused by the high speed of movement of spores of the fungus along the tree.

Bordeaux mixture helps to defeat the disease, which is applied to the affected and still healthy areas of the tree in several stages, including after harvesting. Depending on the degree of infection, in preparation for spraying, a different percentage of the substance is chosen.

As preventive measures, high-quality leaf care brings tangible benefits: timely cleaning of dried sheets, processing with copper sulphate.

Moniliosis

The disease is otherwise called fruit rot, which appears as a result of a tree being damaged by a fungus. Its spores spend the winter on the damaged parts of the plant, and after warming, the fungus rapidly spreads along the branches, shoots, gets into the ovaries and spoils the fruits. Manifestations of moniliosis resemble a burn - the diseased area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe tree looks like a scorched fire. Not only branches, leaves suffer, but also fruits that rot from the inside, outwardly this is expressed in the appearance of growths. In the future, the entire plum on the tree dries up, because the disease is transmitted from one leaf or fruit to neighboring ones.

You can cure plum trees from moniliosis if you spray the surface with one of the following preparations before the start of the flowering season:

• Bordeaux liquid;
• copper sulfate;
• iron vitriol;
• fungicides.

It is necessary to carry out processing with increased precautions - ripening fruits should not be touched. Before application special means you should get rid of diseased and old leaves, the same procedure is an effective prevention of moniliosis.

coccomycosis

One of the typical plum diseases is coccomycosis, colloquially referred to as red spotting, which indicates its main symptom - red spots, although they can be brown and gray. At first they look like small dots on the leaves, then their size grows. Also a sign of coccomycosis - white coating on sheets.

The nature of the disease is fungal. The spores of the fungus infect all parts of the tree, even on the fruits, which causes the cessation of their growth. Leaves always dry and fall off. The fungus tolerates frost well, it can spend the whole winter in old leaves that have not been destroyed since autumn. One of the causes of the disease is improper care, often the disease is found on a young plum.

The fight against coccomycosis includes:

• plowing and digging the earth under a tree;
• complex spraying with Bordeaux liquid;
• lime treatment;
• a thorough inspection of the leaves and, if necessary, the destruction of old ones.

Coccomycosis develops on the leaves

Sharka

Smallpox, or sharka, is viral in nature. The first symptoms of the disease are observed on young foliage - these are light spots or stripes. The virus quickly spreads to fruits, which change their appearance and taste in a short time - they cannot be eaten, they die if they do not ripen in time. It was believed that smallpox was spread by aphids.

Fighting sharka is unproductive - all that remains is to get rid of infected trees. Scrupulous processing of inventory, clothing, and all items in contact with plum trees helps prevent the onset of the disease, since any item can be a carrier of the virus.

plum pockets

The source of this plum disease is the marsupial fungus, which attacks not only the plum, but also the cherry plum. The course of the processes of normal formation of fruits is suspended, they change shape, color, become unsuitable for human consumption. The marsupial fungus is especially active during the rains, and in the cold season, fungal spores hide in the kidneys. For treatment you need:

• remove all infected parts of the tree;
• apply 3% Bordeaux liquid before flowering;
• repeat the procedure after the appearance of flowers, but with a 1% solution;
• apply fungicides.

Preventive measures to combat pockets are to carry out sanitary pruning, treatment with special solutions.

Rust

The name speaks for itself: the disease manifests itself in the form of a brown plaque that forms on the leaves on the eve of flowering. The reason is the defeat of the fungus, which easily adapts to any climatic conditions, including winter. If you do not fight the disease, then instead of spots in the spring, large pillows of fungal spores will appear. The consequences can be disastrous - the tree can become barren.

Fungal infection is manifested by rust on the leaves

Rust treatment consists in applying any fungicide 20 days before the first fruits appear, this will help get rid of the fungus. After fruiting, it is advised to treat the tree with Bordeaux mixture. The same method is suitable for prevention. Another option is to grow varieties that are resistant to rust.

Dwarfism

The disease is identified by the changed appearance of the plum, but often this can only be done at an advanced stage. Then it is quite difficult to cure the tree. Gardeners should inspect the tree for:

• growth retardation and proportion reduction;
• the formation of small leaves;
• drying, falling leaves;
• the appearance of underdeveloped flowers;
• reduction in the number of ripe fruits.

If dwarfism progresses, then there are almost no leaves on the tree. The fight against the disease is the complete disposal of infected leaves and fruits. Preventive measures to exclude infection with dwarfism consist in the complete destruction of plum pests, cleaning dry and old foliage.

Gum treatment

Plum diseases are not only of an infectious nature, a vivid example of this is gum disease. The speaking name shows that its main symptom is the flow of gum from the tree. The second name of the disease is gommosis. The root cause of infection is a fungus, which spreads especially actively with excess moisture and improper fertilizing. Also, any violation of the integrity of the tree bark leads to gum disease. Gradually, the gum hardens, small traces in the form of a drop remain on the trunk. Lack of plum treatment can be an impetus for the onset of cancer.

If the foci of the disease are numerous, then it is recommended to fight them with the help of vitriol and treatment with garden pitch. It is necessary to completely get rid of infected branches. Proper care helps to prevent the occurrence of the disease.

Gum disease appears on the branches and fruits of the plum

root cancer

Some plum diseases are serious, such as root cancer. It is characteristic not only for plum trees, but also for many other fruit trees. Cancer is caused by bacteria that enter from the ground into the root of the tree through existing gaps in the roots. The development of the disease is facilitated by the wrong choice of soil for planting or insufficient watering during the hot period.

Methods for dealing with root cancer:

• careful examination of the roots when planting, getting rid of weak root processes, growths;
• complete destruction of the diseased plant;
• careful treatment with copper sulphate of an infected piece of land;
• formalin disinfection of all garden tools that the seedling came into contact with.

plum pests

In addition to diseases, pests cause serious trouble to the owners of plum trees. Gardeners need to know the typical insect pests by sight. To combat them, there is a whole range of special means, but the best way out is the use of preventive measures.

fruit mite

fruit mites - dangerous pest, which is a creature less than 1 cm in size with a round brown torso. With its limbs, the tick clings to a plum tree, sucking out all the juices from it, and especially often feeds on young foliage. Ticks live on the tree all year round, lay eggs on the entire surface.

You can get rid of the fruit mite with the help of insecticides, infusions with a strong odor - from mustard, garlic, onions, they must be diluted with water. As a preventive measure, they should be used in the spring. It also requires a qualitative inspection of the leaves and burning dried ones.

gall mite

This pest settles not only on the plum, but also on the turn. According to the description appearance he looks like a worm. The peculiarity of the gall mite is that by sticking to a tree, it becomes like warts.

Ticks overwinter well on a tree in order to feed on fresh leaf juices in spring, then they can be clearly seen by their red color. In summer, ticks become similar to tree bark - it becomes difficult to detect them.

It is necessary to get rid of the parts of the plum tree infected with gall mites, it is useful to treat the diseased tree with sulfur.

Ants

Ants are another misfortune of plum owners. They feed tasty juice fruit, do not mind eating and kidneys. Ants are dangerous because with their activity they provoke the spread of aphids through the tree. Also, these insects dig the ground, damaging the roots. You can overcome them in several ways:

• construction of a protective barrier from improvised materials, the cavities of the barrier must be filled with water;
• applying tar to the trunk of a tree;
• placing a belt around the trunk, smeared with a thick layer of glue;
• special toxic substances of chemical composition.

Aphid

Often summer residents wonder who eats the leaves on the plum, in most cases the answer is unambiguous - it's aphids. Due to its impact, the leaves wither, curl, dry and fall to the ground. These insects have different colors, often disguised as green foliage. One tree can attack a whole horde of aphids.

Aphids - the most frequent "guest" on plum trees

The fight against aphids must begin in advance - until the buds appear. With the defeat of aphids, the following methods are suitable:

• watering with a solution of dried marigolds;
• the ash is mixed with soap, the resulting mixture is infused for a couple of days, then regular spraying is carried out;
• solutions from citrus peel and laundry soap, a bucket of which is poured onto the bottom of the tree.