Sdd red disc solve online. Belarus has new traffic rules. All the details

Most motorists and other participants traffic heard about the innovations only that children will need to be transported in chairs, the norm for dimming windshields is changing, and in colder time winter tires are mandatory.

Only those who inattentively studied (or did not study at all) the content of Presidential Decree No. 483 of October 13, 2014, which comes into force on January 16, 2015, can speak so superficially. In fact, there are ten times more innovations. The portal introduces its readers to the most significant of them, as well as to the comments of the traffic police about innovations.

Use of winter tires

The mandatory use of winter tires on cars with a technically permissible total weight of up to 3.5 tons, cars and utility vehicles weighing more than 3.5 tons is provided for in the period from December 1 to March 1 (in 2015 - from January 16 - IF), as well as buses weighing up to 5 tons.

The UGAI GUVD of the Minsk City Executive Committee reminds that winter tires are marked with a sign in the form of a mountain peak with three peaks and with a snowflake inside, or with the signs “M + S”, “M & S”, “M S” or “All seasons”. Such tires should be installed on all wheels of the vehicle and comply with the requirements of the Rules of the Road.

According to Administrative Code for driving a vehicle with a technical malfunction, and there is a certain list of such malfunctions for tires, the driver is subject to an administrative fine or warning, - explains Vadim Garkun, deputy head of the State Traffic Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus.

For ignoring the requirement for winter tires in accordance with article 18.12.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Republic of Belarus, a fine of up to 1 base unit is provided (at the beginning of 2015 - Br180 thousand). Repeated violation within a year is punishable by a fine of 2 to 5 base values(360.000–900.000 rubles).

By the way, it is forbidden to participate in the road traffic of mechanical vehicles, the winter tires of which during operation on icy or snowy pavement have a residual tread height of less than 4 mm.

Transportation of children under the age of 12

It establishes the obligation to transport children under the age of 12 in a car using child restraints or other means that allow the child to be safely fastened using seat belts (except if the child is over 150 cm tall, and also when transported in a taxi car).

The Metropolitan GAI clarifies: restraints are installed in cars equipped with seat belts, they must correspond to the height and weight of the child. As an option, you can use boosters, special seat cushions that allow you to safely fasten a child using seat belts provided for by the design of the vehicle.

It is allowed to transport a child under the age of 12 without restraints if the height of the child exceeds 150 cm, as well as in taxi cars.

It is forbidden to transport children in the front seat of a car using child restraints that are appropriate for the weight and height of the child, the back of which is turned towards windshield vehicle if the front seat has an airbag, unless the frontal airbag mechanism is disabled.

By the way, earlier the traffic rules allowed an adult passenger fastened with a seat belt to carry a child in his arms. From now on, this rule has been abolished.

According to Vadim Garkun, the vast majority cars allows you to place three child restraints in the cabin. And if seat belts are not provided for by the design of the vehicle, then the driver is relieved of the obligation to use child restraints.

Today, taking into account the dynamics of the renewal of the Belarusian fleet, there are very few such cars left, - the representative of the traffic police notes. - If the driver himself made changes to the design of the vehicle by removing the seat belts provided for by the design, then he is liable for the corresponding changes in the design. Employees of the State traffic inspectorate know where the belts should be in normal mode, and where not.

For violation of the rules for the carriage of passengers, a warning or a fine of up to 4 basic units (up to Br720 thousand) is provided. And regardless of whether you are driving “your” passenger” or a random fellow traveler and for a short distance.

Practice in driving schools

The time of training in practical driving of a car is increasing in the preparation of drivers of motor vehicles of category "B". Previously, a 40-hour course was considered the norm, now it is a 50-hour course. At the same time, driving schools are given a four-month period to organize driver training in accordance with the new requirements.

Shortly after the adoption of Decree No. 483, Alexander Zanimon, Deputy Head of the UGAI Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs commented it's new like this:

For some reason, everyone thinks that practical driving training has increased from 40 hours to 50. The decree says "at least 50 hours of driving training." That is, in fact, it is possible to enter and more hours practical exercises. Perhaps some of the driving schools will want to make this their additional competitive advantage.

An important fact for beginners. Documents confirming the completion of training for drivers of power-driven vehicles (with the exception of wheeled tractors) are recognized as valid and are the basis for admission to passing qualification exams for the right to drive a power-driven vehicle, if they are issued:

• before the entry into force of Decree No. 483;
• after the entry into force of Decree No. 483 as a result of training in driving a category "B" motor vehicle, which began before the entry into force of this decree.

By the way, the UGAI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus, at the time of the entry into force of changes in the traffic rules, made changes to exam tickets. Therefore, the questions will fully comply with the new rules, taking into account all the changes that have entered into force.

What are other news?

A number of other changes have been made to the Rules of the Road since January 16. The portal introduces some of the innovations.

AT new edition paragraph 2.8 of the SDA is stated. From now on, the driver is individual driving not only a vehicle, but also a self-propelled machine (an exception is a person who is trained to drive a power-driven vehicle, a self-propelled machine or who is passing a qualifying practical exam). As before, a person who teaches driving a power-driven vehicle, a self-propelled machine or takes an exam while being in him/her, as well as a rider, a cattle driver, is equated to a driver.

A motorcycle is a two-wheeled motor vehicle, with or without a side trailer, powered by an engine with a displacement of 50 cc or more (previously "more than 50 cc").

A marked intersection is an intersection in front of which at least one priority traffic sign is installed on a given road.

When participating in road traffic, self-propelled machines are equated to vehicles. (This refers to a caterpillar tractor, agricultural, road, construction, other machine, which, without additional road safety measures provided by the manufacturer, are not intended to participate in road traffic.)

The elements of the road include landing sites located on the carriageway and intended for embarkation / disembarkation of passengers of block vehicles, safety islands, allocated structurally or by horizontal lines. road markings.

The right to stop vehicles was given to officials of the state forest guard, but only for the implementation of the functions assigned to these bodies. At the same time, they must be in uniform, a high-visibility vest with elements of retroreflective material, and use a disk with a red signal (reflector) to give a signal.

Drivers of operational vehicles will receive the right, without the inclusion of blue or blue and red beacons:

• use during the movement of the vehicle a radio and telephone communication device that is not equipped with technical device, allowing you to negotiate without using your hands;
• deviate from the rules of stopping and parking vehicles.

When crossing the carriageway on the regulated pedestrian crossing and the absence of a traffic light regulating the movement of cyclists, cyclists must be guided by the signals of a pedestrian traffic light, and in its absence, by the signals of a transport traffic light.

When maneuvering, the driver, giving a signal “manually”, raises his left or right hand in case of braking. The specified signal will also need to be used in the event of braking without the intention of maneuvering.

Not only when rebuilding, but also when entering tram tracks, exiting from them, the driver must give way to vehicles moving along the way, without changing their direction of movement. When simultaneously rebuilding vehicles moving along the way, the driver must give way to the one on the right. This rule should also be followed by the driver, whose vehicle leaves the tram tracks.

Parking outside designated areas marked road sign“Parking place”, if it is not related to the performance of work, is prohibited (except for buses, wheeled tractors and self-propelled vehicles) for trucks, regardless of the technically permissible total mass. Previously, there was a weight limit - more than 3.5 tons.

The minimum degree of light transmission for the windshield of a vehicle, at which it is allowed to participate in road traffic, is changed from 75% to 70%.

New types of road markings are being introduced to organize the movement of bicycles, as well as to indicate the directions of movement along lanes at intersections with a complex configuration.

The changes made in October 2014 to Presidential Decree No. 551 of November 28, 2005 “On Measures to Improve Road Safety” are so numerous that it makes sense for road users to independently (and carefully!) Study the old and updated versions of traffic rules, so that after January 16 there will be no trouble. Ignorance of the law, as you know, does not exempt from liability.

Alexander Nesterov

In Belarus - new traffic rules. All the details.

20.10.2014

What new will bring the corrected rules of the road? In total, about 20 items were edited. In theory, they all corresponded in order to comply with the Belarusian traffic rules Technical regulations Customs Union. It didn't work out very well... Here's an example: the technical regulations come into force on January 1 of the next year, 2015, and the rules - only on January 15. There are other inconsistencies, which we will detail below.

ABOUT DRIVING SCHOOLS AND FORESTERS

It was: 40 hours practical driving training.

It became: 2.1. Training to drive a motor vehicle of category "B" is carried out for at least three months according to a 220-hour unified training program for drivers of motor vehicles of this category, including at least 50 hours of driving instruction.

What changed? It's simple: there will be 10 hours more practical driving than before. How this will affect the quality of driver training, time will tell, but we can accurately predict that the cost of training will increase.

It was: 9.1. Officials Investigative Committee, internal affairs bodies (except for traffic police officers), state security bodies, the State Inspectorate for the Protection of Animals and flora under the President of the Republic of Belarus, financial investigation bodies of the Committee state control, Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, bodies state security, border guard agencies, customs authorities, the Transport Inspectorate of the Ministry of Transport and Communications have the right to stop vehicles only for the implementation of the functions assigned to these bodies.

It became: 9.1. Officials of the Investigative Committee, internal affairs bodies (except for traffic police officers), state security bodies, the State Inspectorate for the Protection of Fauna and Flora under the President of the Republic of Belarus, financial investigation bodies of the State Control Committee, the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, state security, border service authorities, customs authorities, the Transport Inspectorate of the Ministry of Transport and Communications, state forest protection have the right to stop vehicles only for the implementation of the functions assigned to these bodies.

What changed? For motorists, this addition does not mean absolutely anything: just as the foresters did not touch the drivers, they will not touch them.

ABOUT "GIVE THE WAY" AND THE "STOP" SIGN

It was: 2.76. Give way (have no advantage) - a requirement that means not to resume or continue to move or not to carry out any maneuver (with the exception of the requirement to leave the occupied lane, given by the traffic controller or the driver of the operational vehicle), if this may force another participant ( other participants) of road traffic to change the direction and (or) speed of movement.

It became: 2.76. Give way (have no advantage) - a requirement meaning not to resume traffic, reduce the speed until the vehicle stops or not to perform any maneuver (with the exception of the requirement to leave the occupied lane, given by the traffic controller or the driver of the operational vehicle), if this may force the other road user (s) to change direction and (or) speed.

It was: Sign "Movement without stopping is prohibited." It is forbidden to move without stopping in front of the stop line (horizontal road marking 1.12), and in its absence, in front of the edge of the intersecting carriageway. It is necessary to give way to vehicles moving on the intersecting road, and if there is a plate 7.13 - to vehicles moving on main road, and also on the right along the equivalent road.

It became: Sign "Movement without stopping is prohibited." It is forbidden to move without stopping in front of sign 2.5 or sign 5.33 (horizontal road markings 1.12), and in their absence, in front of the edge of the crossed carriageway. It is necessary to give way to vehicles moving on the intersecting road, and if there is a plate 7.13 - to vehicles moving on the main road, as well as to the right on an equivalent road. When approaching a section of the road on which a sign is installed, as well as a railway crossing, through which traffic is not prohibited, the driver must stop in front of sign 2.5 or sign 5.33 (horizontal road marking 1.12).

What changed? Nothing new. I saw the sign "STOP" - stop and look around, even if the barrier is open, and the semaphore does not blink red lights.

PRO TECHNICAL INSPECTION

It was: 2.12. State technical inspection - a set of organizational and technical measures aimed at preventing vehicles from participating in road traffic that do not meet the requirements of technical regulatory legal acts of the republican body government controlled on standardization, metrology and certification (hereinafter referred to as technical regulatory legal acts).

It became: 2.12. State technical inspection - a set of organizational and technical measures aimed at preventing vehicles from participating in road traffic that do not meet the requirements of international legal documents, relating to the safety of wheeled vehicles, items of equipment and parts that can be installed and (or) used on wheeled vehicles, mandatory for compliance with the requirements of technical regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Belarus in this area (hereinafter referred to as technical regulatory legal acts).

What changed? This paragraph of the SDA does not carry anything fundamentally new. So the mention of the phrase "safety of wheeled vehicles" is a mere formality!

It was: 10.3. The driver is prohibited from participating in traffic on a vehicle with dirt (layers) that limit the visibility of the road, and also do not allow to see the information on the registration plate from a distance of 40 meters or less.

It became: 10.3. The driver is prohibited from participating in traffic on the vehicle, the design and technical condition which does not meet the requirements of technical regulatory legal acts, which has not passed the state technical inspection and the procedure for issuing a permit for its admission to participate in road traffic, with pollution (stratifications) that limit the visibility of the road, and also do not allow you to see the information on the registration plate from a distance of 40 meters and less.

What changed? And this seems to be a groundwork for the new edition of the Code of administrative offenses. Probably, in the near future, for the lack of technical inspection, the driver will be removed from driving.

It was: 14.1. Foreign citizens and stateless persons temporarily staying or temporarily residing in the Republic of Belarus, when driving a motor vehicle, must have: documents specified in subparagraphs 12.1.4 and 12.1.5 of paragraph 12 of these Rules.

It became: 14.1. Foreign citizens and stateless persons temporarily staying or temporarily residing in the Republic of Belarus, when driving a motor vehicle, must have: documents specified in subparagraphs 12.1.3 (in case of driving a vehicle registered in the Republic of Belarus), 12.1.4 and 12.1.5 of paragraph 12 of these Rules.

What changed? If a foreigner drives a Belarusian car, he will now have to show, in addition to insurance and a permit for a walkie-talkie (if one is installed), a technical inspection certificate.

ABOUT PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS

It was: 9.9. The driver is obliged to take measures in the current situation to reduce speed, up to stopping the vehicle, providing safe conditions for the traffic of pedestrians (including children, disabled people, the elderly, as well as cyclists on the road), give way to pedestrians on unregulated pedestrian crossings and regulated pedestrian crossings with simultaneous permission signal for drivers and pedestrians from the traffic controller or traffic light.

It became: 9.9. The driver is obliged to give way to pedestrians at unregulated pedestrian crossings and regulated pedestrian crossings at the same time for drivers and pedestrians the permission signal of the traffic controller or traffic light.

What changed? In the old version of the traffic rules, it turned out that the pedestrian is always right, since it was the driver who was obliged to provide safe conditions for him, the pedestrian.

It was: 116. When approaching an unregulated pedestrian crossing, the driver must slow down, up to the stop of the vehicle, in order to give way to pedestrians.

It became: 116. When approaching an unregulated pedestrian crossing, the driver must move at a speed that will allow, if necessary, give way to pedestrians.

What changed? Now it is not necessary to slow down before a pedestrian crossing, but it is enough to drive in such a way that you can stop in time.

It was: 43. If the silhouettes of a bicycle are applied to the traffic lights or a designating plate is installed under the traffic light white color with a black silhouette of a bicycle, the effect of such traffic signals applies only to cyclists. The meanings of traffic lights for them are similar to the meaning of round signals specified in paragraph 39 of these Rules.

It became: 43. If the silhouettes of a bicycle are applied to traffic lights, or a white identification plate with a black silhouette of a bicycle is installed under a traffic light, the signals of such traffic lights apply only to cyclists. The meanings of traffic lights for them are similar to the meaning of round signals specified in paragraph 39 of these Rules.

If a white sign with a black silhouette of a bicycle is installed under a pedestrian traffic light, the signals of such a traffic light also apply to cyclists.

When crossing the carriageway at a regulated pedestrian crossing and there is no traffic light regulating the movement of cyclists, cyclists must be guided by the signals of a pedestrian traffic light, and in its absence, by the signals of a transport traffic light.

It was: 56.3. The brake signal is given by raised left or right hand

It became: 56.3. The brake signal is given by the left or right hand raised up. This signal is also used in the event of braking without the intention to maneuver.

What changed? Given that the army of cyclists is becoming more and more numerous, the SDA decided to describe in as much detail as possible the points regarding this fraternity.

ABOUT OVERTAKING AND OTHER MANEUVERS

It was: 59. When rebuilding, the driver must give way to vehicles moving along the way, without changing their direction of movement.

When simultaneously rebuilding vehicles moving along the way, the driver must give way to the vehicle on the right.

It became: 59. When rebuilding, exit onto tram tracks, exit from them the driver must give way to vehicles moving along the way, without changing their direction of movement.

When simultaneously rebuilding vehicles moving along the way, the driver must give way to the vehicle on the right. This rule must be followed by the driver whose vehicle leaves the tram tracks.

What changed? Absolutely nothing changes. It’s not even entirely clear why the authors of the document made these additions about tram tracks ...

It was: 96. Overtaking is prohibited: in the area of ​​action of the road signs "Overtaking is prohibited", "Overtaking by trucks is prohibited", on the turns of the road marked with the road signs "Dangerous turn", "Dangerous turns", on the slopes marked with the road sign "Steep climb", as well as in the presence of road markings 1.1 at the end of climbs and on other sections of roads with limited visibility of the road.

It became: 96. Overtaking is prohibited: in the area of ​​action of the road signs "Overtaking is prohibited", "Overtaking by trucks is prohibited", on the turns of the road marked with the road signs "Dangerous turn", "Dangerous turns", on the slopes marked with the road sign "Steep climb", as well as in the presence of road markings 1.1 (except for overtaking a single vehicle moving at a speed of less than 30 km/h), at the end of climbs and on other sections of roads with limited visibility of the road.

What changed? In the presence of solid line markings, it is now completely legal to overtake a slow-moving tractor. But only if it's not a column of slow-moving tractors...

It was: 96.2. Overtaking is prohibited at marked and controlled intersections.

It became: 96.2. Overtaking is prohibited on marked and (or) regulated intersections.

What changed? The source of the discrepancies has been removed. Everything became simple and clear: it is impossible to overtake at any intersections: neither at designated nor at regulated ones.

ABOUT STOPPING AND PARKING

It was: 137.5. In residential and pedestrian areas, in the adjacent territory, drivers of motor vehicles are prohibited from parking trucks with technical permissible total weight of more than 3.5 tons.

It became: 137.5. In residential and pedestrian zones, in the adjacent territory, drivers of motor vehicles are prohibited from parking trucks.

What changed? The crossed-out phrase about the permissible gross weight means that no truck, even a Gazelle, can no longer be parked in the yard.

It was: 147. If drivers violate the rules for stopping or parking vehicles provided for in this chapter, as a result of which an obstacle to traffic is created or a threat to the safety of citizens arises, traffic police officers have the right to forcibly evacuate such vehicles in the manner prescribed legislative acts and the Instruction on the procedure for the forced evacuation of vehicles, approved by the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus.

It became: 147. If drivers violate the rules for stopping or parking vehicles, as a result of which an obstacle is created for traffic or a threat to the safety of citizens, traffic police officers have the right to forcibly tow (evacuate) such vehicles in the manner prescribed by legislative acts and adopted for the purpose of their implementation. resolutions of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus. If drivers violate the rules for stopping or parking trucks, buses, wheeled tractors, self-propelled vehicles, traffic police officers can block the wheels of these vehicles in the manner prescribed by legislative acts and adopted for their implementation by resolutions of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus.

What changed? And again, nothing unexpected. The fact that the traffic police has the right to evacuate (or block the wheels) cars that violate the rules of stopping and parking is now written in the Rules.

ABOUT TRANSPORTATION OF CHILDREN

It was: 178. When transporting children under twelve years of age in the back seat of a car, it is recommended to use a special child restraint (seat).

An adult passenger in the back seat of a car may hold one child under the age of twelve on his lap, provided that the named passenger is wearing a seat belt.

It became: 178. Transportation of children in a car equipped with seat belts must be carried out using:

• child restraints appropriate for the weight and height of the child - up to the age of five years;
• child restraints appropriate for the weight and height of the child, other means (boosters, special seat cushions, extra seats) that allow you to safely fasten the child using the seat belts provided for by the design of the vehicle - at the age of five to twelve years.

It is allowed to transport children under the age of twelve without using the devices specified in part one of this paragraph if the height of the child exceeds 150 centimeters, as well as in a taxi car.

It is forbidden to transport children in the front seat of a car using child restraints that are appropriate for the weight and height of the child, the back of which is turned towards the windshield of the vehicle, if the front seat has an airbag, unless the front airbag mechanism is disabled.

It was: 181. It is forbidden to transport children under twelve years of age in the front seat of a car in the absence of a special child restraint (seat), as well as in the back seat of a motorcycle.

It became: 181. It is forbidden to transport children under twelve years of age in the back seat of a motorcycle, moped.

What changed? Child seats have become mandatory. BUT detailed description, how and where it is possible and necessary to carry children, left no chance for lovers to interpret traffic rules at their discretion.

ABOUT GLASSES AND WINTER TIRES

It was:

• 75 percent for a windshield (the glass used to glaze the front opening of a vehicle);
• 70 percent for front side windows;

It became: 194.12. It is forbidden to participate in road traffic of a vehicle whose glass has a degree of light transmission less than:

• 70 percent - for the windshield (glass used for glazing the front opening of the vehicle), front side windows;
• 70 percent - for other glasses, if they are not marked by the manufacturer (factory) containing one of the following combinations of characters: "43R", "V"; "43R", "V-VI"; AS3; "43R", "V", "AS3".

What changed? It didn't come out right. The upcoming technical regulation of the Customs Union (unlike the new edition of the Belarusian traffic rules) does not stipulate the light transmission of the rear side windows in any way ...

It was: 207-1. In the presence of snow cover, participation in road traffic of vehicles equipped with tires designed for operation in winter conditions is recommended.

It became: 207-1. When participating in road traffic from December 1 to March 1, cars with a technically permissible total weight of up to 3.5 tons inclusive, cars and passenger cars with a technically permissible total weight of more than 3.5 tons, as well as buses with a technically permissible total weight of up to 5 tons must be equipped with winter tires. Winter tires are installed on all wheels of the vehicle and must comply with the requirements of part two of paragraph 25 of Appendix 4 to these Rules.

What changed? Formally, this paragraph of the rules requires that motorists "change shoes" for the winter. That's just the lawmakers did not take into account one small detail... What, read on.

It was:

Passenger car tires have a residual tread height of less than 1.6 mm, trucks - 1 mm, buses - 2 mm, motorcycles and mopeds - 0.8 mm. For trailers, the norms of the residual height of the tire tread pattern are established, similar to the norms for the tires of mechanical vehicles, in the coupling with which they participate in road traffic.

It became: List of vehicle malfunctions and conditions under which their participation in road traffic is prohibited (Appendix 4).

Passenger car tires have a residual tread height of less than: 1.6 mm, trucks - 1 mm, buses - 2 mm, motorcycles and mopeds - 0.8 mm.

Winter tires for motor vehicles intended for use on icy or snowy road surfaces, marked with a mountain peak symbol with three peaks and a snowflake inside it, or with the signs "M+S", "M&S", "M.S", "M S" or "All seasons", during operation on the specified surface, have a residual tread height of less than 4 mm.

For trailers, the norms of the residual height of the tire tread pattern are established, similar to the norms for the tires of mechanical vehicles, in the coupling with which they participate in road traffic.

The tire is considered unusable if there is one wear indicator located along the bottom of the tread groove, with uniform wear, or two indicators in each of the two sections - with uneven wear of the treadmill.

What changed? Today, most all-season and off-road tires carry the M+S label. So irresponsible motorists, as they did not change tires for winter, will not.

Alexey Kovanov

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Testing according to the Rules of the Road is organized in accordance with the accepted training and testing program in Belarusian driving schools - training and testing on traffic rules.

In Belarusian driving schools, the subjects of the Rules of the road, traffic safety and medicine are taught on 7 (seven) topics. For each topic, you need to pass a test, and then you need to pass an internal theoretical exam.

Tests on traffic rules are provided with illustrations made using photographic material and 3D graphics. Belarusian buses, trolleybuses, trucks, bicycles and motorcycles, including unique vehicles rarely seen on our roads. many new and interesting questions built on the basis of real traffic situations. Actual traffic situations on multi-lane roads (carriageways), complex intersections. New traffic situations also arise on roads with high traffic intensity and density.

Leading teachers of Minsk driving schools and employees of the traffic police of the Republic of Belarus helped us to compile test questions on traffic rules. We also came up with new questions ourselves, analyzing our experience on Belarusian roads, studying the scientific and practical publication Commentary on the Rules of the Road, study guides according to traffic rules for driving schools and the following Internet sources:

• Belarusian sites of automotive topics with large quantity traffic situations (including with pictures), and comments to them;
• Belarusian sites with the possibility of free testing on traffic rules online;
• Online tests traffic rules of the Russian Federation;
• Online tests of traffic rules of Ukraine (Kyiv and Kharkov);
• Online tests of traffic rules of Kazakhstan and Estonia;
• Online tests of traffic rules of other countries, placed in the public domain on the Internet.

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