home > Tests

Homogeneous subordinate clauses. Complex sentences: homogeneous, sequential and parallel subordination

The section of the science of our language, dedicated to the structure of sentences, is fraught with a lot of interesting things, and parsing can be an exciting activity for those who are well versed in the rules of the Russian language. Today we will touch on the syntax and punctuation of a complex sentence, in particular the case when there is not one subordinate clause, but several. What are the types of subordination and why is a sentence with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses interesting? About everything in order.

Complex sentence and its parts

Complicated (C / P) is such a complex sentence in which it is possible to distinguish the main part (it carries the main semantic load) and the subordinate clause (it is dependent on the main part, you can ask a question to it). There can be two or more adnexal parts, and they can be attached to the main, main part in different ways. There is a consistent, homogeneous, heterogeneous, parallel subordination adnexal. To find out the type of subordination, you need to pay attention to whether the dependent parts answer the same question or different ones, refer to the same word in the main part or to different ones. We will consider the material in more detail in the next section.

Types of subordination of subordinate clauses

So, there are four types of submission.

  • Sequential subordination - subordinate parts depend sequentially on each other, and one of them depends on the main one. I know (about what?) what to do (for what?) to get there (where?) where I need.
  • Homogeneous - subordinate clauses answer the same question and refer to the same word. I asked (about what?) what time it is, where we are and how to get to the airport. There are three subordinate (dependent) parts in this sentence, all of them refer to the word "asked" and answer the question "about what?".
  • Heterogeneous subordination - subordinate parts also refer to the same word, but questions are asked about them differently. I have to go to this city (why should I?) to fulfill all my plans (why should I?) because there are a lot of things to do.
  • Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses - dependent parts refer to different words of the main sentence and answer completely different questions. (For what?) In order to catch the train, I have to leave the house early for the station (what?), which is located in another part of the city.

Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses

What's the difference between various types submission, we found out. By the way, in some sources, heterogeneous parallel subordination of subordinate clauses is distinguished as one species. This is because in both cases the questions to the dependent parts are different.

If the sentence is complex with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses, then most often one dependent part is located before the main one, and the second after.
It is necessary to highlight the main, main part of the sentence, determine the number of subordinate clauses and ask questions to them. Only in this way will we be convinced that we really have a parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. If the questions are different, and we will ask them from different words, then the subordination is really parallel. When I went out into the street, I suddenly remembered that I had been going to visit my friend for a long time. In this sentence, from the predicate of the main part "remembered" we ask a question "when?" to the first subordinate clause, and from the complement "About" ask a question "about what?" to the second. So, in this case, a parallel method of subordination is used.

To be able to determine the boundaries of parts of a sentence and correctly ask questions from the main part is necessary in order not to make mistakes when arranging punctuation marks. Remember that subordinate parts are separated from the main part by commas, which are placed before the union or allied word that connects parts of a complex sentence.

Summing up

Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses is one of the four types of subordination in Russian. To determine the type of subordination, you need to highlight simple sentences as part of a complex subordinate, determine the main part and ask questions from it to dependent ones. If the question is the same, then this is a homogeneous subordination, if different from the same word - heterogeneous, if different questions from different words - parallel, and if the question can only be asked to one subordinate clause, and from it to another, and so on, then we have a consistent submission.

Be smart!

Grechishnikova Marina Anatolievna,

teacher of Russian language and literature

MBOU "Secondary School No. 2" p.g.t. Urengoy

Complex sentences with several subordinate clauses. Types of submission.

Preparation for GIA. Task B8.

Target - systematize students' knowledge on the topic, improve their skills in working with tests and texts in preparation for the GIA

Lesson objectives:

Educational

  • improve the ability to distinguish between types of subordination in a complex sentence;
  • to acquaint with the work of Yuri Afanasiev.

Educational

  • develop syntactic skills;
  • develop writing skills;
  • develop skills in working with tests (tasks A1 - B9).

Educational

  • cultivate love for native land respect for the culture of the peoples of the North inhabiting Yamal;
  • to educate a thinking reader on the works of Yamal writers.

Lesson equipment:

  • a computer;
  • interactive whiteboard;
  • textbook;
  • notebooks;
  • handouts (tests, texts).

During the classes

  1. Language warm-up
  1. Read the text - an excerpt from the story - were Yuri Afanasyev "Two Spruces" (print the texts for each student or project onto the board).

1. Because of the storm, the tugboat settled in the backwater. 2. Time was in a hurry. 3. For almost a week, Eduk and Oksana traveled by channels to the village on the Kaldanka. 4. Almost a week is the time. 5. And in life for Eduk there was one moment. 6. During these days, he learned about the world as much as the most ancient old man could not have known. 7. The world, it turns out, is very big, restless. 8. Like animals in the taiga, all sorts of people inhabit it. 9. Everyone has a lot of worries. 10. But the most incredible thing was for Eduk to hear that there are lands where people all year round go almost without clothes. 11. Just think, imagine yourself in the Arctic without clothes, even if not in winter, even in summer (?!). 12. However, he could not distrust Oksana either. 13. Their relationship was so close, her eyes understood him so deeply that he was afraid of his bad thoughts. 14. “What? Edek thought. “Why not intermarry, be your own person in a warm, satisfying village?”

15. And then the village suddenly appeared because of the melted cape. 16. Scattered along the ridge, the houses on the slope huddled like chickens. 17. Among them, a church towered like a capercaillie, reddishly shining with larch logs.18. And further behind the village, spiky firs stuck out like a scallop. 19. The faint smell of warm bread was dizzy. 20. This smell Educ could distinguish from a great distance. 21. You can’t confuse him with anything ...

  1. Find dialect words in the text, replace them with stylistically neutral synonyms.

Kaldanka (in project 3) – boat

Uval (in project 16) - hill, slope

  1. Find comparisons in paragraph 2. Write down the numbers of sentences with comparisons.

16 - like chickens

17 - capercaillie (a form of instrumental case)

18 - scalloped (a form of instrumental case)

  1. Write the sentence number with an introductory word.
  1. You write grammar basics from sentences 7, 12, 20

7 - the world is big, restless

12 - he could not help but believe

20 - Educ could distinguish

  1. Define the view subordination in the phrase "animals in the taiga" (sentence 8). Replace this phrase with a synonymous agreement with a subordinate relationship.

Communication - management; taiga animals

  1. Determine the type of subordination in the phrase "restless world" (sentence 7). Replace this phrase with a synonymous subordinating relationship management.

Coordination; peace without peace

  1. Write down the numbers of complex sentences.

6, 10, 13

  1. Knowledge update

Write out sentence 10 from the text.

But the most incredible thing for Educ was to hear that there are lands where people walk almost without clothes all year round.

Build an outline of this sentence: [ === ], (what === ____), (where ____ ===).

Determine the type of subordination (sequential).

What types of subordination in a complex sentence do you know? (Memo, Appendix 1).

Give examples.

  1. Anchoring
  1. Determine the type of submission. Fill in the table (Appendix 2). Orally comment on the answer. Print tables with sample sentences for each student. Graduates fill out only 2 columns.

Sentence

Type of subordination

The most important hero in Khanty mythology is a bear who considered to be the progenitor

Sequential (main → relative attributive → subordinate corollary)

don't bring that only scrupulous work will let him come out

Homogeneous (main → subordinate explanatory, subordinate explanatory)

If you apply

Parallel, or heterogeneous (subordinate condition → main → subjunctive explanatory)

will have to overcomemany obstacles,

Parallel, or heterogeneous (subordinate purpose → main → relative attributive)

A task keeping traditions is complicated by the fact that many Russian speaking younglearn native language prefer

Sequential (main → subordinate explanatory → relative attributive)

the role appears in the legends.

Sequential (main → subordinate explanatory → subordinate clause)

For the rights of the people who addresses the poet who cries out

Parallel, or heterogeneous (subordinate attributive → main → subordinate attributive). In this sentence, the clauses refer to different words in the main clause.

The writer often comes to accept"referencing the past" to compel

Homogeneous (main → subordinate goal, subordinate goal).
  1. Perform text compression. From sentences 6-8 (an excerpt from the story “Two Spruces”), make 1 complex subordinate with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

What is this type of text compression called? (Simplification - merging several sentences into one).

  1. Among the sentences given below, find the NGN with sequential subordination of clauses:

1. Not understanding the road, he fled to the forest-tundra, ran towards the Urals. 2. Run to the point of exhaustion. 3. He was afraid to stop. 4. He felt that if he stopped, he would be torn apart from the inside. 5. The heart will not stand. 6. And he ran, ran on the impassability, splashing bitterness and resentment out of himself.

Answer: 4

  1. Using the text of the story, there were Yu. Afanasyev “Two Spruces”, continue the sentences so that you get a SPP with different types subordination:

Sequential: I can’t say how old these fir trees are ... .. (which grow on the banks of the Ob).

Homogeneous : We were brought together by loneliness or the expectation of the morning when the village wakes up with a fishing sweat, the mooing of cows, a breath of fresh wind, .... (when the oystercatcher snipe announces the beginning of the day with a wooden shamanic trill.

Parallel (non-uniform): When the headman smiles, it seems .... (that he is ready to swallow you like a small fish).

  1. Testing. Part B8. Presentation (it is better to conduct a lesson with a mobile computer class so that each graduate can independently work with tests. If this is not possible, tasks can be printed out for each student).

1. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Many went not to explore the North and live in Yamal, but to earn money. (2) Didn’t it come from here: I worked for 15 years, gave “all my strength” to the wild North - return me to my place, give me everything. (3) And they gave and kissed goodbye, and the “silent” were more and more thrown into the darkness, as if they had been sentenced in advance: they couldn’t grow cadres from local people. (4) In the second and third generations, the children of the dispossessed were not given passports.

(5) “Yamal received the third blow with the beginning of oil and gas development. (6) Now the organizers themselves do not know why the cities were built, what to do with the population.”

2. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with parallel (heterogeneous) subordination. Write the number of this offer.

(1) With the closure of navigation, it is practically forbidden to set nets on the Ob. (2) But every year the nets are set up, and it is impossible for a fish inspector with a pick to remove all of them. (3) How many holes do you need to cut?! (4) In order to streamline recreational fishing, it is appropriate in some cases to apply licensed fishing, based on the experience of Guryev residents. (5) This experience is justified with a small by-catch valuable breeds fish, which in no way negatively affects the reproduction of fish stocks, and in autumn on smooth sands, when the latter leave the fishermen, migrating to their winter quarters.

(6) It must be taken into account that northern fishing in autumn, in the wind, in icy water is not an easy pleasure.

3. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Profitability of licensed fishing is not only in the collection of funds, part of which should go to the development of fishing, the main thing is in the education of the person himself. (2) If you want to fish, work on cleaning livestock, plant a few bushes to strengthen the banks of spawning rivers, and do your part to save juveniles. (3) Anyone who took a fish but did not give it back, who violated the rules of fishing, may be expelled from society or temporarily suspended from fishing. (4) It seems that amateur fishermen at their place of residence will more jealously monitor their site, and will also help in the fight against malicious poaching. (5) The opening of cases of the latter is still insignificant.

4. Among sentences 1-7, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Poachers. (2) Who are they? (3) Of course, people. (4) But these are people who consciously go to harm nature. (5) And what about the rest, who love their Ob, who, for one reason or another, fall into violators? (6) Doesn't the word poacher offend his ears? (7) So far, such a difference is not visible, and only because not all of them are used in the organization of recreational fishing.

5. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) B last days the outgoing leap year, the stocky log houses in the village from the weight of snow on the roofs pressed even more tightly to the ground. (2) The old office building, unable to withstand such a load, leaned against the neighboring fence, but proudly and cockily a flag flutters on a spruce pole, all covered with clay and it is not known when and by whom it was hoisted there. (3) The flag glorified the still indestructible and mighty Union, when for the second year in the yard there was a completely different political weather. (4) But the people of Yamalsk have not changed morally and in their actions. (5) A peeling slogan still hung on the pediment of the office, which called on fishermen and fisherwomen to work hard and give one more percentage in excess of the plan, because the fate of the Motherland depends on this percentage.

6. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) “Now there will be a “zhik”!” - Styopka explained to his mentor, who, with migraine pain, perceived the children's noise and was impatiently waiting for her watch to end. (2) Where she came from, Styopka did not know. (3) But how could he be interested that some go to the Far North to build, others to work out the northern experience for retirement, for a coefficient. (4) But the teacher of the boarding school in the village was noticed by her unsociableness, did not trust the cleanliness of the yagushki and malitsa, was wary of visiting the families of the tundra dwellers. (5) It is not easy to gather reindeer herders and fishermen to a boarding school for a parent meeting, but coming to your home - chum - is revered. (6) And if the teacher began to speak, moreover, in their native language, then he became no less than a ruma - a friend to whom, on occasion, a gift should be made.

7. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) The blizzard howled louder and angrier, but the voices in the plague, lit from the outside by several electric bulbs, could be heard far away. (2) Before Chuprov had time to throw back the canopy, a man in a mask splashed a full ladle of ice-cold water down his collar. (3) “Well, jokes,” Styopka gasped. (4) The host liked the joke, and this trick added noise and fun to all the guests.

(5) How did he not foresee all the consequences? (6) After all, he should have known that he was invited and taken as a hostage to One-Eyed, that if necessary and to please the owner, the purveyor was taken to the village.

8. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) He had known a brood of wolves since last year, and now four one-year-old puppies were also practicing in a snowstorm. (2) As they cut all the weakened deer with a knife, their corpses turned black in the snow. (3) In some places, the wolverine tried: jumping from tree to tree, she gnawed her throat, drank blood, and left the animal like that ...

(4) Khunzi no longer thought about Zyryanov's promises - with one hundred percent safety of the deer, transfer thirty percent to him. (5) This whole market is not for him. (6) The only thing he thought about now was that no one could take away the snow, the sky, the air, the tundra where he walks.

9. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Hunzi went to the wolf unarmed, only with this stick-shovel. (2) He had neither fear nor malice against the wolf. (3) What he dreamed is gone. (4) Hunzi, peering at the trail, saw that he was trying to jump over the ravine, but he was careful of a large snow drift, that he sat, turned around and again moved straight.

(5) Finally Khunzi saw a wolf on the opposite bank of the Yugan river. (6) The floodplain was snow-covered two or three meters deep - you won’t run across so easily ...

10. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) The deer carries the shepherd farther and farther away. (2) With such a deer and unarmed, it is not scary to ride. (3) How can a shepherd not rejoice over deer, how can he not sing a song about them! (4) Narasyuh, tell us about the blue wind of the shaking and about the minyruva deer, the holy deer, who for all his life does not know what a team is. (5) Tell me how Minruv put the sun on his horns, and how, on a quiet night, the stars ring like bells in their ears from a quick run ...

Answers

  1. Reflection. Summing up the lesson.
  • What new did you learn in the lesson?
  • How to find complex sentences with different types of subordination?
  • What is the difference between homogeneous subordination and parallel subordination?
  • What problems are raised by Yu.N. Afanasiev in his works?
  • What lexical features can be noted in the texts used in the lesson? (Dialect words, an abundance of means of expression, especially comparisons).
  • Have you noticed syntactic features works of Yamal writers? (Simple sentences, introductory words, inversion).
  1. Differentiated homework assignment (optional).
  1. Prepare a presentation of 20 slides on the topic “Preparation for the GIA. B8 "(Performance in groups is possible).
  2. Develop a memo to remember theoretical material on this topic.
  3. Make a table to systematize knowledge on the topic and memorize theoretical material.
  4. Solve several options for tasks B8 from the collection of preparation for the GIA.

Bibliography

  1. Gosteva Yu.N., Vasiliev I.P., Egoraeva G.T. GIA 2014. Russian language. Grade 9 30 standard options test items and preparation for the implementation of part 3 (C) / Yu.N. Gosteva, I.P. Vasiliev, G.T. Egoraev. - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2014.
  2. Lvova S.I. GIA 2014. Russian language: training tasks: Grade 9 / S.I. Lvova, T.I. Zamuraev. – M.: Eksmo, 2013.
  3. Nazarova T.N. GIA. Workshop on the Russian language: preparation for the tasks of part B / T.N. Nazarova, E.N. Violin. - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2014.
  4. Russian language. 9th grade. Preparation for GIA-2013: teaching aid / Ed. ON THE. Senina. - Rostov n / a: Legion, 2012.
  5. Khaustova D.A. Russian language. Preparation for the GIA (writing a summary). Universal materials from guidelines, decisions and answers / D.A. Khaustov. - 3rd ed., revised. and additional - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2012.

Internet resources

  1. Gubkinskaya centralized library system.http://www.gublibrary.ru
  2. Afanasiev Yu.N. Tundra rhythms. Once stepping on a rake. Two firs. Corporate information and library portal of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.http://libraries-yanao.ru

Attachment 1.

REMINDER

TYPES OF SUBMISSION

A complex sentence can have two or more subordinate clauses. The relationship of such subordinate clauses among themselves determines the type of subordination.

1. Parallel submission

With parallel subordination, different types of subordinate clauses belong to one main one, which answer different questions:

Reason, (despite what?), even if it is oppressed and neglected, in the end always prevails (why?), because it is impossible to live without it (A. France).

2. Homogeneous submission

With homogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses are of the same type, answer the same question and refer to the same member of the main clause or to the entire main clause as a whole. Between themselves, homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by a coordinating or union-free connection:

Yegorushka saw (what?), how little by little the sky darkened and darkness descended on the earth (what?), how the stars lit up one after another (A. Chekhov).

3. Consistent submission

At successive subordination the main clause is subject to the subordinate clause (subordinate clause of the first degree), which, in turn, is subject to the next subordinate clause (subordinate clause of the second degree), etc. (parts form a chain). With such a connection, each subordinate part becomes the main one in relation to the next one, but only one remains the original main part: which the considered to be the progenitor people, therefore it is to him that the greatest number of legends is devoted.

Historical experience proves that all attempts “jumping over” some stages of culture is no good don't bring that only scrupulous Job on the restoration of historical memory, "childhood and youth" of the people let him go on the main road of world culture and come to a sense of the spiritual fullness of being.

If you apply to foreign literature, then with confidence we can say that the fairy-tale hero R. Rugin has long been known already in the vastness of Europe from France to Russia.

To become masters of your destiny , Khanty and other small peoples of Siberiawill have to overcomemany obstacles, which modernity has prepared for them.

A task keeping traditions is complicated by the fact that many Russian speaking young hunters who don't see the point learn native language prefer learn English instead.

It is significant that the deer plays less significant in Khanty mythology role than in the legends of the Nenets, although also appears in the legends.

Roman Rugin is also a wrestler for the rights of the people which addresses to the mind of his reader and states the facts, and the poet who calls out to the hearts of people and their emotions.

The writer often comes to accept"referencing the past" to compel Khanty reader to look at his past, to move forward, to build the future.


Complex sentences may have not one, but several subordinate clauses.

Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses are of two main types:

1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main clause;

2) the first clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first clause, etc.

I. Clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous and heterogeneous.

1. Complex sentences with homogeneous subordination adnexal.

With this subordination, all subordinate clauses refer to one word in the main clause or to the entire main clause, answer the same question, and belong to the same type of subordinate clauses. Between themselves, homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected by coordinating unions or union-free (only with the help of intonation). The connections of homogeneous clauses with the main clause and between themselves resemble the connections of homogeneous members of the sentence.

For example:

[I came to you with greetings, to tell], (that the sun has risen), (that it trembled with hot light on the sheets). (A. Fet.)

[That, (who lives the real life), (who has been accustomed to poetry since childhood),forever believes in the life-giving, full of reason Russian language]. (N. Zabolotsky.)

[At the end of May, the young bear was drawn to her native places], (where she was born) And ( where the months of childhood were so memorable).

In a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination, the second subordinate clause may not have a subordinating conjunction.

For example: ( If there is water) And ( there won't be any fish in it), [I don't trust water]. (M. Prishvin.) [ Let's shudder], (if suddenly a bird flies) or ( elk trumpets in the distance). (Yu. Drunina.)

2. Complex sentences with heterogeneous subordination subordinate (or with parallel subordination). With such subordination, the subordinate clauses include:

a) to different words of the main sentence, or one part to the whole main, and the other to one of its words;

b) to one word or to the whole main sentence, but they answer different questions and are different types adjunctive proposals.

For example: ( When in my hands A new book ), [I feel], (that something living, speaking, wonderful came into my life). (M. Gorky.)

(If we turn to the best samples prose), [then we will make sure], (that they are full of genuine poetry). (K. Paustovsky.)

[From the world (which is called children's), door leading to space], (where they dine and drink tea) (Chekhov).

II. Complex sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

This type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which the clauses form a chain: the first clause refers to the main clause (subordinate clause of the 1st degree), the second clause refers to the clause of the 1st degree (subordinate clause of the 2nd degree) etc.

For example: [ Young Cossacks rode vaguely and held back tears], (because they were afraid of their father), (who was also somewhat embarrassed), (though I tried not to show it). (N. Gogol)

The specificity of the subordinate parts in this case is that each of them is subordinate in relation to the previous one and main in relation to the next one.

For example: Often in autumn I would closely watch falling leaves to catch that imperceptible split second when a leaf separates from a branch and begins to fall to the ground.(Paustovsky).

With sequential subordination, one subordinate clause can be inside another; in this case, there may be two subordinating unions nearby: what and if, what and when, what and since, etc.

For example: [ The water crashed so scary], (what, (when the soldiers ran below), raging streams were already flying after them) (M. Bulgakov).

There are also compound sentences with combined type subordination of subordinate clauses.

For example: ( When the chaise left the yard), [he (Chichikov) looked back and saw], (that Sobakevich was still standing on the porch and, as it seemed, was peering, wanting to know), (where the guest will go). (Gogol)

This is a complex sentence with parallel and sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

Punctuation marks in a compound sentence with several subordinate clauses

A comma is placed between homogeneous subordinate clauses not connected by coordinating unions.

For example: I realized that I was lying in bed , that I'm sick , that I was just delirious.(Cupr.)

I envy those who spent their lives in battle , who advocated a great idea.(Ec.)

We remember that great hour when the guns fell silent for the first time , when all the people met the victory both in the cities and in every village.(Isak.)

Comma not put between homogeneous subordinate clauses connected by a single connecting union (regardless of whether there is a subordinating union or a union word with both subordinate clauses or only with the first one).

For example: I believe that nothing goes unnoticed and that our every slightest step matters for the present and future life.(Ch.)

The militia brought Prince Andrei to the forest, where the wagons stood and where there was a dressing station.(L. T.)

When it began to rain and everything around sparkled, we walked along the path ... out of the forest.(M.P.).

When repeating coordinating conjunctions, a comma is placed between subordinate subordinate clauses.

For example: Everyone learned that the lady had arrived, and that Kapitonich let her , and that she is now in the nursery ...(L. T.).

Unions whether... or when connected predicative parts complex sentence considered as repetitive, and homogeneous subordinate clauses are separated by a comma, which is placed before or.

For example: Whether weddings were started in the city, or whoever celebrated a name day cheerfully, Pyotr Mikhailovich always talked about it with pleasure.(Pis.).

In case of heterogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses are separated or set off by commas.

For example: As soon as the heat dropped, it began to get cold and dark in the forest so quickly that I did not want to stay in it.(T.)

Whoever has not experienced excitement from the barely audible breathing of a sleeping young woman will not understand what tenderness is. (Paust.).

With sequential and mixed subordination, a comma is placed between the subordinate parts according to the same rules as between the main and subordinate parts.

For example: Would our wanderers be under native roof, if they could know , what happened to Grisha.(necr.)

Helen smiled like this , who spoke , that she did not allow , so that anyone can see her and not be rapt.(L. T.)

Any , who in life fought for the happiness of being himself , knows , that the strength and success of this struggle depends on the confidence , with which the seeker goes to the goal(M.P.)

A comma is placed between two adjacent subordinating unions or between an allied word and a subordinating union, as well as when a coordinating and subordinating unions meet, if the internal subordinate part is not followed by the second part of the double union this or that.

For example: The bear fell in love with Nikita so much that , when he went somewhere, the beast sniffed the air anxiously.(M. G.)

We were warned that , if will bad weather the tour will not take place.

The night is over and , when the sun rose, all nature came to life.

The removal of the second (inner) part here does not require the restructuring of the first adnexal part.

If the subordinate clause is followed by the second part of the complex union then, so, then a comma is not put between the previous two unions.

For example: The blind man knew that the sun was looking into the room and that if he stretched out his hand through the window, dew would fall from the bushes.(Kor.)

I thought that if I didn’t argue with the old man at that decisive moment, then later it would be difficult for me to free myself from his guardianship.(P.).

The withdrawal or rearrangement of the adnexal part (if he stretches his hand out the window and if at this decisive moment I do not argue with the old man) is impossible, since there will be parts of a double union nearby.

Dash in a complex sentence

Between the subordinate part (group of subordinate clauses) and the subsequent main part of the sentence maybedash if the subordinate part or a group of subordinate parts preceding the main clause are pronounced with a logical selection of an informatively important word and with a deep pause before the main part (usually, subordinate explanatory parts are distinguished in this way, less often conditional, concessive, etc.).

For example: Where did Nelidova go?- Natasha did not know(Paust.); And if you look at them for a long time- the rocks began to move, crumble(Ast.); Did he call them, did they come by themselves- Nejdanov never found out...(T.).

A dash is put also between the subordinate and main parts in similarly constructed parallel complex sentences.

For example: Who is cheerful - he laughs, who wants - he will achieve, who is looking for - he will always find!(OK.).

A dash is put after the subordinate clause before the main one, if it contains the words this, here, and also if the clause is an incomplete sentence.

For example: That she is an honest nature is clear to me.(T.)

What he found in her is his business.

Where is he now, what is he doing - these are the questions that I could not answer.

I answered something that - I myself do not know(compare full - what i said).

A dash is put between subordinate clauses in the absence of an adversarial union or the second part of a comparative union between them.

For example: The artistry is so that every word is not only in place - so that it is necessary, inevitable and to have as few words as possible(Black).

A dash is placed with the clarifying nature of the subordinate part.

For example: Only once she revived - when Mika told her that ditties were sung at yesterday's wedding.(R. Zernova)

A dash is put to enhance the interrogative nature of the sentence while emphasizing the unusual location of the subordinate clause in front of the main clause or the intonational separation of the main clause from the subsequent clause.

For example: What is influence- you know?; Are you sure it's necessary?

A dash is also placed with an abundance of commas, against which the dash acts as a more expressive sign.

For example: But we have gained experience , but for experience , as they say , No matter how much you pay, you won't overpay.

Comma and dash in a complex sentence

Comma And dash as a single punctuation mark are placed in a complex sentence before the main part, which is preceded by a number of homogeneous subordinate parts, if the division of the complex sentence into two parts with a long pause before the main part is emphasized.

For example: Wherever I am, whatever I try to have fun , - all my thoughts were occupied with the image of Olesya.(Cupr.)

Who is to blame, who is right , - It's not for us to judge.(Cr.)

The same sign is also placed before a word repeated in the same part of the sentence in order to connect with it a new sentence or the next part of the same sentence.

For example: I knew very well that it was my husband, not some new person unknown to me, but a good person. , - my husband, whom I knew as myself.(L. T.)

And the idea that he can be guided by this interest, that he will seek reconciliation with his wife in order to sell this forest , This thought offended him.(L. T.)

A dash is put after the comma that closes the subordinate part, including before the word this.

For example: The best thing he could do , - leave on time The only thing I like here , is an old shady park.

Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

Parsing scheme complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Indicate the type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries.

4. Draw up a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) questions from the main to the subordinate clauses, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is conditional), characterize the means of communication (unions or allied words), determine the types of clauses (definitive, explanatory and etc.).

5. Determine the type of subordination of the subordinate clauses (homogeneous, parallel, sequential).

An example of parsing a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

1) [Look at the pale green star-studded sky(on which there is no cloud, no spot),and you will understand], (why summer warm air is motionless), (why nature alert) (A. Chekhov).

[… n., ( on which…), And vb.], ( why…), (why…).

(Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination: 1st subordinate clause - attributive clause (subordinate clause depends on the noun sky, answers the question which on which); 2nd and 3rd subordinate clauses - subordinate explanatory clauses (depend on the verb understand, answer the question what?, are joined by the allied word why)).

2) [Any human knows], (what does he need to do, (what separates him from people), otherwise), (what connects him to them) (L. Tolstoy).

[…vb], ( what…., (what…), otherwise), (what…).

(Descriptive, non-exclamatory, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with serial and parallel subordination: 1st subordinate clause - subordinate explanatory clause (depends on the verb knows, answers the question what?, joins union what), 2nd and 3rd clauses - clauses of pronominal-determinative (each of them depends on the pronoun then, answers the question which (then)?, joins with a union word what).

The clause in NGN does not have to be one. There may be several of them. Then it is worth considering all the options for what kind of relationship develops between the subordinate clauses and the main one.

It is also worth clarifying that the scheme of a complex sentence can be not only linear ( horizontal) as in the examples above. In order to visually demonstrate the dependent relationships between the main clause and several subordinate clauses, flowcharts are better suited ( vertical).

So, for several subordinate clauses, the following cases are possible:

    Homogeneous submission. All subordinate clauses refer to the main (or to some word in its composition). In addition, they answer one question. And among themselves the subordinate clauses are connected according to the same principle as the homogeneous members of the sentence.

The children stamped their feet with impatience and could not wait until it was time to set off, when they would finally see the sea, when everyone could run along the shore to their heart's content.

    parallel submission. All subordinate clauses belong to the main clause. But they answer different questions.

When it was her turn to choose, Olya took the box that first came to her hand.

    Consistent submission. One subordinate clause is attached to the main one (it is called the first degree clause). Another subordinate clause, of the second degree, joins the subordinate clause of the first degree. By the way, with this type of subordination, one subordinate clause can be included in another.

The guys decided that together they will cope with challenging task, which Misha courageously decided to put on his shoulders.

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence

A reasonable question may arise why all these NGN schemes are needed. They have at least one application purpose - an obligatory part parsing complex sentence is to draw up its scheme.

In addition, just the scheme of a complex sentence will help to correctly analyze it for analysis.

SPP parsing scheme includes the following tasks:

    Determine what the sentence is according to the purpose of the statement: declarative, interrogative or incentive.

    What - according to emotional coloring: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

    To prove that a sentence is complex, it is necessary to define and designate grammatical foundations.

    Indicate what type of connection of parts of a complex sentence is present: allied bond, intonation.

    Indicate the type of complex sentence: complex sentence.

    Specify how much simple sentences is part of the complex, by what means are the subordinate clauses attached to the main clause.

    Designate the main and subordinate parts. In the case of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses, they should be indicated by numbers (degrees of subordination).

    Indicate with which word in the main clause (or with the whole sentence) the subordinate clause is associated.

    Mark the way of connecting the predicative parts of a complex sentence: union or allied word.

    If there are any, mark indicative words in the main part.

    Indicate the type of subordinate clause: explanatory, attributive, adjunctive, adverbial.

    And finally, draw up a diagram of a complex sentence.

Among complex sentences with several subordinate clauses in structure, complex sentences are distinguished

  • with consistent submission
  • with uniform subordination
  • with parallel submission.

Subordination is when two or more subordinate clauses are subordinate to one main clause.

  • With uniform submission subordinate parts not only explain the main part, but are also subordinate clauses of the same type.

At homogeneous subordination adverbial commas are placed in the same way as with homogeneous members suggestions. If homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by repeating unions, then a comma is placed between them, and not put if the unions are non-repeating.

  • When in complex sentences different clauses belong to the same member of the main part or in which the same clauses explain different words in the main part, are sentences with parallel submission.

Example: A person, when he is excessively tired, it seems that he will oversleep for who knows how long.

  • Sequential submission- this is a sequence of subordinate clauses, in which each subsequent clause is associated with the previous clause, and only the first clause is associated with the main clause.

With the successive subordination of the subordinate clauses, unions may appear what and if, what and when, etc. A comma is placed between the unions, if there is no further second part of the union, then or so, for example: He warned that if the fire is not put out now, the flame will spread to roof. It is acceptable that there is no subordinating conjunction before the second subordinate clause.

Combined submission- these are various combinations of a subordinate connection in one complex sentence.

Types of subordinate parts in a complex sentence

  • defining

Refers to a noun or to a noun phrase with the demonstrative words that, such. Answers the question what?

  • pronominal-defining

Refers to the pronouns that, each, everyone; everything, such, such. Answers the questions; who? which? what?

  • explanatory

Refers to a verb of thought, speech, perception, or a noun in combination with the demonstrative word that. Answers case questions.

  • Connecting

Applies to the entire main body.

  • Concessionary

Relates to the entire main part

Punctuation rules

If in incomplete subordinate clause there is one allied word, then it is not separated from the main comma, for example: I want to help you, but I don't know how.

If the subordinate clause at the end of a complex sentence is an indirect question, the question mark is not put (unless, of course, the main thing is interrogative), for example: Specify which of the definitions are isolated.

A comma is not put if homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by connecting or divisive unions, for example: As someone sentenced to death and confident in the impossibility of pardon.

We also recommend

Loading...Loading...