Native plants. "Medicinal plants of the native land

Municipal educational institution "Basic comprehensive school

Oktyabrsky settlement

"Medicinal plants of the native land"
Research.

Vova Rozhentsev - 4th grade student
Bokhan Zinaida Aleksandrovna - primary school teacher

2010 - 2011

Study plan .

1. Introduction.

2. Information about medicinal plants.

2.1.History of the use of medicinal plants.

2.2 Proper collection of plants.

2.3. Herbarium.

3. Medicinal plants of our region.

4. Making a collection:

Collection of plants;

Registration.

5. Conclusion.

Purpose of the study:

To get acquainted with the variety of medicinal plants of the native land.

Research objectives:

Find out the features of the external structure, the beneficial properties of medicinal plants;

Learn to recognize plants in herbarium samples, photographs;

Make a conclusion on the work done.

Introduction.

I live in the countryside. There are very beautiful places around our village. I like being in a pine forest. It is so clean, it seems that someone is doing the cleaning there. There are many mushrooms and berries in this forest. And there is white moss-lichen in the forest, it grows right on the ground, which makes it seem that someone has spilled milk. My grandmother jokes: "These are forest men." There is also a moss swamp near our village. It grows a completely different moss, not the same as in a pine forest, it is always wet.

Our village stands on the banks of the Ob River and beyond the river meadows are visible, cattle graze on them, and grass is cut there for hay. Every summer I go to the mowing with my relatives. There I noticed that in flood meadows near large rivers, only grasses grow: clover, mouse peas, timothy, horsetail, sedge. Very rarely you will find bushes in the meadow, and there are no trees at all. Mom picked some herbs. They smelled good. She explained that these herbs are healing, help from various diseases. They should be properly dried and preserved. So I first heard that there are medicinal plants. It's time, I went to school. Often with the whole class we go on excursions to the forest, on hikes, on walks. Once, at the “World around us” lesson, the teacher said that we were going on an excursion, we should take a notebook and a pen, we would write down and draw plants. And you don't have to go far for that. Plants grow right on the porch of our school. They were right under our feet. We walk on them, cars pass by, and they grow as if nothing had happened.

How many different plants are here, around us! Many of them are very helpful. They are called medicinal: for example, plantain, dandelion, knotweed. The teacher offered to look through the "School Atlas-determinant of higher plants." It contains colorful drawings by which you can determine the type of plant and their description. I wanted to know as much as possible about them. My grandmother, a great lover of nature, knows many plants that are medicinal. She uses many of them in the treatment of various diseases. I myself drank various herbal infusions prepared by her more than once when I was ill with colds. That's how I decided to investigate the problem associated with medicinal plants of our region in my work. It is difficult to meet a person who would not have seen and did not know medicinal plants, for example, plantain, dandelion, but they know little about what diseases they help. The result of my research work will be a collected collection of medicinal herbs of our region.

I started my work with the theoretical part, reading popular scientific and fiction literature about medicinal plants. First I got acquainted with the history of their use in ancient times.

History of the use of medicinal plants.

"Medicine is the art of imitating the healing effects of nature"

Hippocrates.

Medicinal plants have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. For thousands of years, herbs have served man. On their own experience, primitive people comprehended their healing knowledge from generation to generation. Since ancient times, healing has been a sacrament, so healers chose their students very meticulously. The collection, manufacture of medicines and treatment were accompanied by magical techniques and spells. Already an outstanding ancient Greek physician and thinker Hippocrates described 236 plants that were used in medicine of that time. Among them are henbane, elderberry, mint, almonds and others.

Hippocrates believed that the juices of medicinal plants optimally combined biologically active, organic and mineral substances that miraculously affect the human body. Therefore, he recommended the use of plants in the form in which nature created them. In Russia, herbal treatment is known and popular. Since ancient times, even kings and princes were interested in the cultivation and use of medicinal plants. At the beginning of the 17th century, under Alexei Mikhailovich, the Pharmaceutical Order was created, which supplied the court and the army with herbs.

Peter I ordered the creation of pharmaceutical schools and vegetable gardens - the first plantations of medicinal plants in Russia.

Much has changed since then, but interest in medicinal herbs has not faded away - on the contrary, now it is especially great. In our time, people are increasingly resorting to the help of phototherapy - evidence-based treatment with medicinal plants, and folk remedies. Juices, decoctions, infusions taken orally, external lotions and rinses help the sick body cope with many ailments, get rid of suffering. Medicines from the forest pharmacy will speed up wound healing, stop bleeding, heal a sick heart, restore lost appetite, improve digestion, heal stomach ulcers, and increase the tone of life. Sometimes they help in cases where even medicine is powerless.

Collection of medicinal plants.

After getting acquainted with the history of the use of medicinal plants, I decided to get acquainted with the correct collection of plants, as they are an important raw material for many medicines. In order for the drug to have the best effect on the body, it is very important to collect the plants at certain times, dry them properly and store them.

It is necessary to collect grass, leaves, flowers only in dry weather, it is better in the morning, as soon as the dew subsides. If you collect raw plants affected by fungi, eaten by insects, they will deteriorate. In tall plants, only flowering tops are cut off, no longer than 20-40 cm, or flowering branches are broken off. Collect only blooming flowers, wilted should not be taken.

So , roots dug in the fall after the leaves fall or in early spring, cleaned with cold water.

Aboveground part plants containing volatile aromatic substances are harvested in early summer, when the leaves have fully blossomed and the buds have started.

Green leaves and grass can be harvested all summer, but better in spring.

flowers tear fully blossomed and only in clear weather.

Fruits and seeds- only mature.

The collected plants are dried in a well-ventilated room, and especially succulent ones - in a slightly heated oven or a special dryer at a temperature of 40 - 50 degrees. It is better to store dried plants in glassware.

In the course of my work, I learned that the plants, collected according to a certain plan, carefully dried and provided with labels, are called herbarium.

Herbarium.

"The flower is withered, earless,

Forgotten in the book I see;

And now a strange dream

My soul is filled with

Where did it bloom? When? What spring?

And how long did it bloom? And torn off by someone ... "

A. S. Pushkin.

Herbarium is collected to study the external appearance of the plant; to compare samples found in different areas; find out what grew in any locality in the past; change in flora.

Since ancient times, travelers have sought to bring plants unknown in their homeland from distant countries. But was it easy to deliver the plant when it took months, and sometimes years of a hard journey to get home? Even then, they began to dry the found samples of flora in order to preserve them for a long time. Collections of dried plants began to be called "herbarium". The word "herbarium" appeared in the Middle Ages in Europe and then meant books about plants, their beneficial properties (in Russia they were called herbalists).

The oldest herbarium was collected at the beginning of the 16th century and is still kept in Rome. At the same time, a collection of dried medicinal plants was created, which were pasted on paper and bound into large format volumes. In Russia, the first scientific herbarium appeared at the beginning of the 18th century, during the reign of Peter I.

Medicinal plants of our region.

The next step in my research was getting to know the plants of our region. The flora of our region is rich and diverse! You will leave the outskirts of the village, plunge into the green thicket of the forest, breathe in the aroma of meadows and fields, and the feeling of love for your land becomes even stronger. You will feel the beauty of Siberian nature even more strongly. More than 40 species of medicinal plants grow in the vastness of our region. According to their therapeutic use, they are divided into a number of groups. For example, motherwort has an effect on the cardiovascular system, wild rosemary- as an expectorant; burnet, sphagnum moss- hemostatic agents; chamomile, cumin, plantain, St. John's wort- with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract; wild rose, mountain ash, currant, lingonberry, cranberry- Valuable vitamins.

Collection making.

After I read the necessary literature, I moved on to the practical part. Before starting the production of the collection, we began to collect the plants we needed. The work was carried out under the guidance of a teacher. It took a lot of time, as the plants began to grow, bloom, bear fruit at different times. We collected them in the vicinity of the village: in the forest, on the banks of the Ob River, near human habitation, in glades.

During the collection, I always photographed the plant I needed, made sketches and notes.

Arriving home, he transferred the sketches to the album sheet.

Lily of the valley Rosemary. Rose hip.

Then he proceeded to prepare the materials for storage. Plants were dug up with roots, carefully removing the earth from them, and placed between sheets of paper, while carefully spreading the leaves, flowers, stems. Sheets with samples were alternated with blank ones. Large plants were cut into pieces and dried separately. Branches with flowers were cut from trees and shrubs.

While the copies were drying, he put things in order in his notes. Together with the teacher, he indicated the correct name of the plants, described the appearance; for example, what was the color of the petals of the corolla of a flower, since after drying the color changes. They indicated when, by whom, where the plant was cut, how it is used in scientific and folk medicine.

But now the plants have dried up, and I started to design my collection. I chose a white A4 sheet as a background for all copies. I placed the dried plants on the sheets and glued them.

On the next sheet, I wrote down all the data about this plant, relying on the scientific literature and my own observations, pasted a photograph. On the 3rd sheet, a drawing made with colored pencils. I put all the sheets in perforated inserts and put them in one folder.

Conclusion.

Many wild medicinal plants have not yet been studied, and therefore their beneficial properties and qualities for humans have not been known. Scientific research carried out by scientists will allow in the future to introduce new plants into the culture, which today can only be found as wild plants. The forest pantry of health is open to all. However, it is necessary to handle its diverse gifts with care. Indeed, among the plants that are harmless and attractive in appearance, there are many poisonous ones, although they are healing when used correctly. They need to be well known to avoid poisoning. The most dangerous in this respect henbane, wolf's bast, milestone poisonous. Procurement of medicinal raw materials is still produced in small sizes.

But man, invading deeper and deeper into natural processes, sometimes causes irreversible changes. As a result of human activity, the habitats of medicinal plants and they themselves are being destroyed. Therefore, the protection of nature should now become a national task. I would like to believe that people will come to their senses and will live in harmony with nature, without harming it. And then there will be no Red Books!

Conclusion.

But now the work is done. The most important result of all the work done is the collection made by me under the guidance of senior mentors. During the study, I learned to observe; ask questions about the topic of work; identify the problem. I got great pleasure from my work. It is valuable that knowledge and skills were obtained as a result of one's own labor. I shared my experience in organizing research work with my comrades. The collection is in our classroom and anyone can get acquainted with it.

I enclose some types of specimens from my collection.
Wormwood.

Description of appearance.

M perennial herbaceous plant with a thick branched stem. Stem erect, up to 120 cm high, thick, branched. The leaves are alternate, the flowers are small, yellow, tubular, collected in almost spherical baskets, forming a paniculate inflorescence at the top of the stem. The fruits are small brown oblong achenes. It grows like a weed in pastures, wastelands, along roads, near housing. It is called differently - not sick, bylnik. As a weed, it is distributed almost throughout the country. The grass has a peculiar smell and a bitter taste. Collect it until the end of summer, and the roots in the fall.

And

P tarn enhances the activity of the digestive organs, stimulates and improves appetite, so it has long been prescribed for sluggish digestion and decreased appetite. In medicine, it is used as a sedative. The drugs are prescribed for insomnia and neuralgia, as well as bronchial asthma and diabetes mellitus, hypertension. Wormwood roots are used for epilepsy, convulsions, convulsions, disorders of the nervous system. For kidney and bladder stones, wormwood is used in a mixture with bearberry leaves, horsetail grass and carrot and dill seeds. Externally used in the form of infusions for inflammation of the mucous membrane, for the treatment of wounds and ulcers.

Our observations.

P Stag blossoms in June-August, bears fruit in September-October. It grows like a weed in pastures, wastelands, along roads, near housing. In early spring, a plant growth appears, and flowering begins in mid-July, and at the same time the wormwood was plucked and dried for a herbarium.

Bitter grass And fragrant itself,

And the stomach is corrected, And it sweeps quickly.

Chickweed.

Description of appearance.

H our delicate flowers Suddenly, among insects

The petals are unfolding. There was a commotion:

The breeze breathes a little, Pushed back the family of asterisks

The petals sway. Giant thistle.

In the damp forest lower reaches, among the shady thickets and in the bushy meadow, these herbs are sure to be found. White five-petal corollas on thin, low stems, green small leaves resemble stars. Hence the name - starfish. In the people it is called wood lice. There are more than 50 types of them.

R asthenia is used for bleeding, hemorrhoids, vitamin deficiency, heart disease and hernias. Steamed grass is applied to sore joints, to pain points with radiculitis, rheumatism. The juice of the plant is washed with inflamed eyes. A decoction of the herb is used for aching bones and coughing. Woodlice are used for diseases of the liver and lungs, with endemic goiter and hemorrhoids. External baths from a strong decoction of the herb of wood lice are taken with swelling of the legs; general baths, lotions, compresses are done for various skin diseases, acne, rashes, wounds and ulcers. The whole fresh plant without roots is used for food, salads are prepared.

R asthenia is added to borscht, vinaigrettes. Woodlouse is considered both a medicinal plant and a honey plant. There are also simply annoying weeds, shamelessly squandering in the fields and in the garden.

Starworm is distributed throughout the country.

Cowberry.

Description of appearance.

Gathered berries Two berries in the mouth.

And we kept count of the many berries in the forest!

Berry - in a mug, I'll take them to my mother ...

In the autumn, crimson tassels burn on a moss carpet in the forest. This is lingonberry. Sometimes it's red all around. Cowberry is a small shrub, from 7 to 25 cm high. The leaves are leathery, curved at the edges, shiny, the size of a fingernail. At the top of the branches are located in early June, pale pink flowers, collected in small clusters. The berries ripen in the second half of summer, on an August day, with insufficient heat even in September. The area of ​​growth is quite large.

P lingonberry preparations act astringent, disinfectant and choleretic. Cowberry leaves and berries contain many useful substances and are used in folk medicine for gastritis, diabetes, gout, and rheumatism. An infusion of the leaves is drunk for inflammation of the kidneys and bladder. Cowberry berries are a valuable dietary product and remedy. Assign inside with sugar or honey, as well as dried or soaked. Dried berries are part of vitamin teas. Soaked, crushed and boiled lingonberries are served with various dishes with stews and food. Fruit drinks, jelly are good from lingonberries, they are also added when sauerkraut is sauerkraut.

Our observations.

Cowberry bears fruit abundantly in coniferous and coniferous-deciduous forests. The observation of the plant was carried out outside the village. For medical purposes, lingonberry leaves are used, which are harvested in the spring after the snow melts and before flowering. The shrub blooms at the end of June, and by mid-July, collective flowering begins. At this time, the plant was plucked and dried for a herbarium. But then the flowering passed, and the fruits appeared, at first green, sour. By the end of August, the fruits ripen and become red - burgundy, juicy.

Valerian.

O appearance writing.

"Cat grass" - sick amendment:

Spine in the first aid kit to help the heart.

The most widely represented and of great importance is valerian pharmacy. This perennial plant has a vertical short rhizome from which numerous thin roots depart. The root has a bitter taste that causes a burning sensation in the mouth. The stem is straight, full, furrowed. The flowers are white or white-pink, small, collected at the top of the stem in a lush panicle. The smell is strong, peculiar. The taste is bitter-sweet.

And use in scientific and folk medicine.

Valerian rhizomes contain essential oil, esters of acetic, formic and butyric acids, sugar. Valerian preparations are used as a sedative for nervous excitement, insomnia, they relieve spasms of smooth muscle organs, dilate blood vessels in case of neurosis, angina pectoris, palpitations, spasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Valerian preparations increase blood clotting. Prolonged use of high doses causes headaches, anxiety and disrupts the function of the gastrointestinal tract. The use of valerian should be under the supervision of a physician.

in For medicinal purposes, various preparations of valerian are used: water infusion, alcohol tincture, in the form of tablets, coated with a hard shell. The plant was plucked on July 5, 2010.

Our observations.

The roots of plants are dug up in the fall, when the aerial part turns brown and dried in the open air beforehand. The smell is strong, peculiar. The taste is sweet-bitter, spicy. Valerian blooms from mid-June to mid-August. The plant is found on wet and waterlogged soils: in damp meadows, in river valleys.

Kalina.

O appearance writing.

Like a snow globe is white, And when the time has come,

In the spring she bloomed, she became at once

A gentle smell exuded, All of the berries are red.

Kalina is one of the most beloved berries from Siberians. About 80 species of viburnum are found in our country. It is a shrub up to 4 meters tall with grayish-brown bark. The flowers are white, located at the ends of the branches. From time immemorial, viburnum has regularly served a person - it gave food and medicine, and was used in everyday life. Fruit juice with honey is drunk at elevated blood pressure, it is also used as a prophylactic, prevents the appearance of a malignant tumor. Kalina helps with colds of the upper respiratory tract, including coughing, hoarseness and bronchial asthma.

With Fresh fruits weaken and help with headaches. An infusion of berries is drunk with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, with pain in the heart, metabolic disorders, with eczema and skin ulcers. Viburnum berries have been studied by pharmacologists who have found that they reduce the heartbeat and are considered a vitamin, tonic and diuretic. In medicine, preparations from the bark of viburnum are used as a good hemostatic agent. An infusion of flowers is drunk for hoarseness and cough, inflammation of the respiratory tract, as well as for cholelithiasis and kidney stones. A decoction of young shoots is used for scrofula in children. An infusion of flowers and fruits is an excellent cosmetic product.

H your observations.

Observation of the viburnum was carried out both on the school plot and on a private plot of land. Kalina bloomed much later than usual, as it was late spring. The flowering of the shrub was plentiful. The primrose appeared in mid-June, and the berries appeared in mid-July. By mid-August, the fruits have acquired an orange color. During the flowering period, leaves and flowers were taken to the herbarium and dried according to all the rules.
Currant.

O appearance writing.

Was green, small,

Then I became scarlet.

I turned black in the sun.

And now I'm ripe.

On a hot summer day, blackcurrants smell fragrant on the bank of the stream. Numerous brushes of black fruits, juicy, fragrant, hang down. The smell is far away. Fishermen, hunters, tourists are drawn to currants. Who will pick berries, who will throw in a wonderful drink - forest tea - a fragrant currant leaf. There are 36 species in our country, but the most valuable is black currant.

h black currant shrub up to 1.5 meters tall, with brownish branches and very fragrant leaves.

Application in scientific and traditional medicine.

The rich chemical composition of fruits determines their beneficial effect on the human body in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. In medicine, fresh currant fruits or their juice are taken for beriberi, and also as a tonic after chronic diseases. The people are used in the treatment of hypertension, severe headache, kidney - and urolithiasis, tuberculosis of the lymph glands, anemia and other ailments. Currant berries are widely used for fresh food, they are used to prepare juice, compote, fruit drink, jam, jam, marinades.

H your observations.

The observation of the plant was carried out on a private plot of household plots. This bush is cultivated by man. The first leaves on the currant appeared in mid-May. Flowering was plentiful, reached in the last days of June. Fruit picking was carried out in early August, in the period of their full maturity. It grows along the banks of rivers and streams, in wet meadows and on the banks of lakes and oxbow lakes, among willow and viburnum bushes. For the herbarium, the plant was taken on June 25, 2010, in dry, clear, sunny weather.

Horsetail.

O appearance writing.

Chamomile grows in the meadow

Buttercup is caustic, clover is porridge!

What else? carnation, resin,

Bluebell, horsetail - like a Christmas tree.

A magnificent sight is the green cover of horsetails in the forest. Their thin, graceful, often drooping or upward directed branches, covered with dew drops, sparkling in the sun with a multi-colored rainbow, are unusually picturesque. Popular names are field pine, pusher. The horsetail has 2 shoots, up to 20 cm high. The rhizomes of the horsetail are horizontal. This plant looks like a ponytail. The old Russian names "horse", "horse", "horse", "horse" also mean "tail".

And

The grass contains many useful substances and vitamins. It has a hemostatic effect, removes salts, has an astringent, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing effect, is part of a diuretic tea. In renal diseases, the infusion is used together with a liquid extract of shepherd's purse, in addition, horsetail is prescribed as a strong diuretic for edema and congestion, especially for patients with heart disease, for lung diseases, pleurisy, gout, rheumatism, kidney - and gallstone diseases. Outwardly, with a decoction of horsetail, wounds and ulcers are washed, and the oral cavity is rinsed in case of inflammatory processes. In dental practice, an infusion of the plant's herb is used, which is used to rinse the mouth with periodontal disease.

H your observations.

The plant was observed in a forest clearing near the village. The first shoots appeared in early June. Horsetail grows on sandy slopes, cliffs, shallows. In dry weather from July to September, only summer green branched stems are harvested. There is no smell. The taste is slightly sour. Horsetail is distributed throughout the country in the plains and mountains. The plant was cut on June 30, 2010 at 12 noon, in sunny warm weather.

Marsh marigold.

Description of appearance.

Flowers disappear on the ground, Revelation of meadow flowers.

This is more noticeable every year. We hardly understood.

Less joy and beauty, we carelessly trampled them

Leaves us every summer. And madly, ruthlessly tore

Marsh marigold is a common perennial plant with a creeping stem and a fibrous stem. The stem is smooth, hollow, slightly branched. The leaves are dark green, heart-shaped. The flowers are bright yellow.

And use in folk and scientific medicine.

For the preparation of medicinal preparations, the whole plant harvested during the flowering period is used. The marigold, like all buttercups, is poisonous. Taking it orally causes nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, and when used externally, it irritates the skin and mucous membranes. However, marigold preparations are used in scientific and folk medicine. Decoctions and infusions are taken orally in case of metabolic disorders, fever, colds, anemia, antitumor. The juice of fresh leaves is used as a wound healing, the leaves are applied to burnt places. Sometimes the infusion is taken as an analgesic and cold remedy. It is impossible to use marigold on its own.

H your observation.

Observation of marigold was carried out in a small swampy area, near the village. The flowering of the plant began in early June, which is much later than usual. This is due to the fact that it was a long spring. Abundant flowering began in the third decade of June and lasted until early July. The plant was plucked on June 23 at 12 noon. Kaluga is found in wet and swampy forests and meadows, shallow waters and banks of reservoirs.

Tansy.

O appearance writing.

Many herbs grow useful

On the land of the native country.

Can cope with illness

Mint, tansy, St. John's wort.

The people call tansy wild rowan. This is a perennial plant. The leaves of tansy resemble mountain ash, the stem is lignified with yellow-golden flower baskets. The fruit is an oblong achene. Tansy has a peculiar smell, reminiscent of camphor. The taste is bitter-spicy.

And use in scientific and folk medicine.

For medical purposes, tansy flower baskets are used. Tansy preparations have an antiseptic, antispasmodic choleretic effect. Their beneficial effect on the body in acute intestinal diseases, liver disease, gallbladder, in the treatment of lambiosis, hepatitis, and also improves appetite, digestion. Infusions and decoctions of inflorescences have an antihelminthic effect. Dry extract is used for hypertension. In folk medicine, tansy is used for jaundice, as an antipyretic, and for peptic ulcer. In folk phototherapy, tansy is used for cardiovascular and nervous diseases (for headaches, as a sedative and hypnotic, for hysteria, for noise in the head, for epilepsy, dropsy, palpitations.

H your observations.

The plant was observed at the school site. The first leaves appeared in mid-May. Tansy leaves grow quite quickly. In early July, the plant began to pick up buds, which bloomed in the second decade of July and bloomed until mid-August, forming a fruit in the form of an oblong achene. The plant was cut on June 22 at 12 noon. The weather was cloudy, the air temperature was +17 degrees. Tansy grows along forest edges, clearings, meadows, near dwellings. It is found everywhere in Russia.
Plantain.

O appearance writing.

Plantain is a tested orderly,

Healer of the feet, wounded on the way, -

Got to the road, got ready

Maybe he thinks who needs me.

This plant has a surprisingly accurate name: along the road there are wide ovoid leaves spread on the ground. They are collected in a rosette, from the center of which a leafless stem grows with a spike-shaped inflorescence of small brownish flowers. Fruits - greenish nuts 1-2 mm in size - secrete a sticky substance that allows them to stick to the clothes and shoes of people passing by or to the fur of animals.

And use in scientific and folk medicine.

The healing effect of plantain leaves has been known for thousands of years. The gruel from the leaves is applied to scuffs on the legs, to wounds, abscesses, burns, swelling after stings of bees and wasps. Infusion and decoction of the leaves are recommended as an expectorant, but are successfully used in the treatment of stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers and chronic gastritis with low acidity. A decoction of the leaves will rinse the mouth with inflammation. The juice of fresh leaves also enhances the secret activity of the stomach, and the extract has a calming effect. The healers of Ancient Greece and Rome also appreciated it. Plantain is also appreciated in cosmetics. It improves the processes of skin regeneration, improves its tone, relieves inflammation. Plantain is of great importance in dietary nutrition. It is also part of various fees.

H your observations.

The plant was observed along the roads of the village. The first leaves appeared in the last days of May. At the end of June, flower arrows appeared. It blooms throughout the summer. Fruited in August. The plant was plucked from the herbarium on June 23, 2010. The day was cloudy, the air temperature was 15 degrees. Plantain grows in the village and along the roads, and near housing. There are more than two hundred species of plantain. About thirty species grow in our country.

Buttercup.

O appearance writing.

A poisonous plant with bright yellow flowers, popularly nicknamed "night blindness". The people have long noticed this quality of the flower and called it "buttercup". In the first half of summer, oily yellow flowers on thin straight stems catch the eye every now and then. Buttercup is a perennial herbaceous plant with fibrous roots and a branched stem up to 70 cm high.

And use in folk and scientific medicine.

In folk medicine, dry and fresh grass is used, which contains: carotene, ascorbic acid, anemonol. All buttercups are poisonous. Buttercup decoction is used for myositis, neuralgic and headaches, edema, gout and rheumatism, as a tonic for the nervous system and increases blood pressure. Outwardly - for the treatment of wounds, burns, skin diseases. Fresh leaves reduce warts. Buttercup preparations, and especially inside, cannot be used without consulting a doctor. Especially poisonous during flowering. In the old days, buttercup juice was rubbed against aching legs, and the decoction was used instead of mustard plasters.

H your observations.

In the first half of summer, oily yellow flowers on thin straight stems catch the eye every now and then. They are found everywhere: along roads, in gardens, on forest paths. These are buttercups. They bloomed in early summer, June 10th. The plant was plucked from the herbarium on June 20 at 12 noon. It was a clear sunny day, 22 degrees Celsius. The plant grew in the schoolyard. The plant is distributed almost throughout Russia.

References.

N.S. Evseeva, L. N. Okisheva. Geography of the Tomsk region. Nature, natural resources. Tomsk - 2005. No. 3.

Rudsky V.G. Ecology. The world around us. 1.3 class. Tomsk - 1998.

V.S. Novikov, I.A. Gubanov. "School Atlas - a guide to higher plants." Moscow "Enlightenment" 1991. No. 3.

L.I. Barinov. Forest pharmacy. In the world of medicinal herbs. Kharkov - 1991.

G. Sviridov. Forest garden. Tomsk - 1987.

V.V. Petrov. The flora of our Motherland. Moscow "Enlightenment" 1991.

A.A. Camp. Green pharmacy. Medicinal plants of Siberia. Tomsk - 1991.

MOU "Ostashevskaya secondary school"

Class hour on the topic:

"Medicinal plants
native land",
dedicated to the 535th anniversary
the village of Ostasheva

Prepared by: primary school teacher
Stadnikova Valentina Ivanovna

with. Ostashevo
2012
Ostashevo is an emerald and fabulous land.
Class hour: "Medicinal plants of the native land"

Objectives: development of elements of the scientific worldview,
-general outlook, internal culture and cognitive activity of students;
- to form the concept of "medicinal plants", to learn to recognize
local medicinal plants;
- educate love for the native land, for its nature.
Equipment: herbarium: "Medicinal plants of the native land", slides, illustrations of medicinal herbs, children's drawings, fairy tales composed by children.
Leading. In September 2012, our village Ostashevo turns 535 years old.
The village is notable for the names of its former owners. First - these are the princes Urusovs, then - the Muravyovs, and then the prince K. Romanov. Uncle of the last Emperor Nicholas
·
President of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
the talented poet Konstantin Romanov loved his Ostashevo very much:
(Slides 1 and 2).
I love you, secluded shelter!
An old house on a quiet river.
And white - pink, reflected in it
Opposite the village temple over the steepness
Our village is rich and beautiful with forests, fields, rivers. And how many amazing plants grow everywhere! But they not only attract us with their appearance, but they are healers, help humans and animals fight numerous diseases. (Slides 3,4)
Today at the classroom hour we will summarize the research work we have done on the topic: “Medicinal plants”. Start of this
work was given in September, the finish will be in May. During this time, we went on excursions in order to identify the growth of medicinal plants, the degree of dustiness of plants. We collected and dried medicinal plants, followed by the manufacture of a herbarium. We studied the literature about the forest pharmacy, wrote short messages about plants, essays, fairy tales, puzzles and crossword puzzles were invented. So let's start.
1 student.
Medicinal plants are a group of plants used for the treatment of human and animal diseases, as well as for the prevention (prevention) of diseases.
2-student.
Substances with a medicinal effect can be found in any plant organ: leaves (coltsfoot), stems and bark (oak, sea buckthorn), buds (birch, pine), roots (valerian), and of course, in flowers, fruits and seeds.
3 student.
Medicinal plants have been used by man for a very long time: in India, in Ancient Egypt, China, medicinal herbs were used 5-6 thousand years ago
Some medicinal plants - herbs (St. John's wort, lily of the valley, clover),
others are shrubs (raspberries, elderberries), others are trees (birch, pine, oak)
The music of Grieg's "Procession of the Dwarves" sounds. Lesovik appears. (Student dressed as Lesovik)
Lesovik.
The forest is like a fairytale kingdom:
Medicines are growing all around.
In every grass, in every branch,
And medicine and pills.
Well, what, how, what to treat,
I can teach you.
Just don't be lazy
You just need to learn
Find plants in the forest that are suitable for treatment.
Medicinal properties of various plants.
Leading. This plant is a doctor familiar to everyone since childhood. When the guys have abrasions on their elbows or knees, we immediately look for this plant.
Question: What plant will help us in the campaign when injured? (Slide 5).
Plantain. (Slide 6)
The traveler's friend is a plantain,
Modest, inconspicuous sheet
You're on a cut finger
I lay down with a wet patch.
Many of you are unaware
What found the cure
Right there, on the trail, at your feet.
Question: What plant can stop bleeding? (Slide 7).
Yarrow. (Slide 8)
Gather yarrow in bloom,
Accelerate wound healing -
And the crushed stalk
And decoction inside the sip
Calms the blood flow.
Question: What plant can replace cotton wool? (Slide 9).

Moss. (Slide 10).
Between cranberries and cloudberries
Inhabitant of forest swamps,
On a hummock, moss without a leg,
Wherever you look, it grows.
He is grayish underneath.
More greens.
Kohl will need cotton wool
Get him fast
On the bushes of the meadow
Dried out in the summer heat.
He wounds the partisans
Treated in the wilderness of the forest.
This is sphagnum moss.
Question: What plant helps with colds? (Slide 11).
Linden. (Slide 12)
Linden - a remedy for colds
Everyone knows about it everywhere.
Though the linden color is plain,
But there is nothing better than tea.
Question: How to treat cough, fever? (Slide 13).
Pharmaceutical camomile. (Slide 14)
If you happen to catch a cold
Cough will be attached
The heat will rise
Pull the mug towards you
in which it smokes
Slightly bitter fragrant decoction.
Student: And freckles bother me!

Strawberry. (Slide 15)
Everyone knows strawberry
And viburnum too.
You smear this juice
Freckled skin.

Performance of the Russian folk song "The birch, the mountain ash." (Slide 16).
Student. Our Russian beauties, slender white birches are known all over the world. There is no tree dearer and dearer than birch! The feelings that it evokes are in tune with the generous, sympathetic and kind soul of a Russian person. Birch is a symbol of the Motherland.
Birch. (A student in a birch costume). Russian doctors more than 100 years ago established the diuretic effect of birch buds.
For many centuries the birch has served faithfully, benefiting not only the soul,
but also the body. This is the famous birch broom in the bath, and tar, one spoon of which spoils a barrel of honey, but heals skin diseases, wounds, ulcers,
burns (Vishnevsky's ointment).
A pine appears. (Student in a pine costume)
Pine.
I have longer needles than a Christmas tree.
Very straight I grow
In height.
If I'm not at the edge,
Branches - only at the top.
Who am I guys? What do you know about me? (Slide 17).
1 - student. A decoction of pine buds is recommended as an expectorant, disinfectant and diuretic; coniferous baths as a tonic and sedative. "Pine is a fragrant healer."
2 - student. In the difficult days of the siege of Leningrad, a mass
the production of a fortified drink from pine needles, which saved many lives!
The poem "Grandma's Pharmacy" - staging.
- I'll go to the pharmacy.
-Where are you on foot?
-Over the river, grandson, over the river,
Birch bridge.
There is a cheese field
Not visible from here.
Me, granddaughters, valerian
Need a heart
Come, my dear, with me,
Help the old woman
And treat the disease with grass
You learn, you see.
You will find Kalgan in the field,
Oregano for tea
All herbs in the field will-
Come with me, honey!
Leading. Look around you when you are in the forest in the summer
or at the cottage.
Blooming Sally. Have you ever seen such (Slide 18) pink forest glades? From such glades comes the smell of honey. It blooms from June to August ivan - tea (fireweed). This plant is very useful! The rhizome is sweet and eaten raw and boiled. Young leaves are put into a salad, and a delicious tea is brewed from the dried leaves.
Lesovik. And here is the riddle from the box.
golden and young
Became gray in a week
And two days later
Bald head
I'll hide it in my pocket
Former (Dandelion). (Slide 19).
Dandelion. (Student in a dandelion costume). Folk wisdom has long attributed to a decoction of dandelion leaves the ability to give strength and vigor, relieve fatigue. And the infusion and preparations from its roots are used to treat liver and gallbladder diseases. The juice of young leaves removes freckles and dark spots on the skin.
Belka appears. (A student in a squirrel costume).
Hello guys! I'm glad to see you!
After all, I have a lot of questions
Head hurt.
You sort out the questions
And tell me the answers.
Leading. Let's help Belka answer questions. Find me game
Participants are given balloons. It is necessary to get a note from the ball, answer the question asked and find the answer in the "glade".
1What is the herb that the blind know? (Nettle)
2. Very hot. I took and tore off the umbrella.
And under a green umbrella, she went into the forest for berries. (Burdock)
3. Nobody scares, but everything trembles. (Aspen)
4. It is bitter in haymaking, and sweet in frost. What is a berry? (Rowan).
5. You will find these berries in a large forest swamp.
As if red peas are sketched there. (Cranberry)
6. The head is blue
And a long stem
Well, who doesn't know him? This is (Cornflower).
7 Medicinal plant, named for the shape of the fruit, similar to a shoulder bag. (Shepherd's bag).
8. In some places there is still snow, and where the sun warms, on the outskirts of fields, along the banks of ravines and rivers, golden heads appear in early April
this plant. (Coltsfoot).
Host: What rules for collecting medicinal plants do you know?
(Slides 20-25).
Collect plants in the forest, in the field, in the meadow, but not along major highways, not near industrial enterprises, farms.
Part of the plants to leave for their reproduction.
Leaves and flowers are collected most often before and during the flowering of plants, i.e. In spring and summer.
Roots and rhizomes - in early spring, autumn.
Koru in April-May.
Medicinal plants are harvested in the morning, as soon as the dew comes down, because during the day, in the bright sun, the amount of useful substances decreases.
13 SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 1415 Dry the medicinal material in the shade, in the air.
Lesovik. And here is a cheerful clearing, the guys prepared funny ditties.
Funny ditties.
1.I am a natural material
collected in the summer
And now our apartment
Became a hayloft!
2. We don’t get sick with the flu anymore,
We are not afraid of drafts.
All tablets are replaced
We have a head of garlic!

3. I always catch myself
Admiration eyes!
Beauty to me and health
Giving tomatoes.
4. I got the secret of blush
At the great-grandmother Fyokla -
Best of all rouge overseas
Juice from our beets!

5. In summer, each clearing,
Like a tablecloth.
Delicious wild berry
At times feed us with you.
6. All clearings and bushes
We climbed in the forest.
Vitamins all there is
We stocked up for the winter.
Lesovik. You guys should remember:
Tree, grass, flower and bird
They don't always know how to defend themselves.
If they are destroyed
We will be alone on the planet.
Host: So our class hour is over. Many useful medicinal plants grow in the forests, in the fields, in the meadows of our region.
Let's carefully and attentively treat not only those plants that are listed in the Red Book, but also those that surround us everywhere.
The class ended with a tea party with fragrant herbs and honey.

1.A.A. Pleshakov. Atlas - determinant "From the earth to the sky"//
Moscow, Enlightenment, 2007.
2. E.A. Postnikova "Fundamentals of natural science and agricultural knowledge" // Moscow, "Vlados", 2001.
3. S. Aliyeva "Forest Pharmacy" // Yoshkar-Ola, 1999.
4.N.I. Panfilova, V.V. Sadovnikov "35 Saturdays plus holidays"//
Moscow, "New school", 2001.
5. I. D. Ageeva "500 new children's ditties" // Moscow, "Sfera Shopping Center", 2001
6. O. Zhurba "Travnik" // Moscow "Arnadia", 1998.
7.A.Yu.Nesterovskaya, T.D. Rendyuk "Healing plants of your star" // Moscow "Armada", 1995.
8. Internet - resources.

Ostashevskaya secondary school. Stadnikova V.I.

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Attached files

The scenario of the event is intended for older preschoolers, students in grades 1-4 (participants of the event) and students in grades 5-8 (leading events).

Parents, teachers and high school students can also take part in the event.

Purpose of the event:

• Formation of students' knowledge about early flowering plants of the native land, about plants listed in the Red Book;
• attracting the attention of students to the problem of protecting early flowering plants, the formation of children's interest in preserving the diversity of the plant world;
• increasing the level of environmental literacy of children and adults.

Event objectives:

• to introduce students to the variety of early flowering plant species;
• to develop in students the need to work independently with books;
• develop creativity, independence and initiative of students, communication skills;
• to educate a humane attitude towards the natural environment, to interest children in caring for the nature of their native land;
• develop the ability to analyze and find ways to solve the problem under discussion.

The preparation and holding of the event is, as a rule, of interest to students of all age groups.

Students of the middle age group study the literature on early flowering plants; prepare messages and questions for younger students; pick up poems about early flowering plants; make puzzles and crosswords, solving which better remember the names of plants.

Students draw plants, design a training herbarium, prepare crafts; prepare leaflets that draw the attention of others to the problem of caring for the fragile northern nature; select photos.

The result of all the preparatory work can be a thematic methodical folder “Early flowering plants of the native land” designed by students together with the teacher, which can be used as didactic materials when studying the topics: “Early flowering plants”, “Protected plants”, “Plant protection”, “Plant diversity ”, “Do you know plants?” and others; an exhibition of drawings and crafts, a photo exhibition are being arranged.

The teacher during the event notes the contribution of each student.

Holding such an event allows the teacher to involve the entire children's association in the work, and not individual active students; not experience difficulties in organizing the active cognitive activity of students, their independent and amateur work; take into account differentiation in teaching a group of different ages.

Independent work of students during the weekend club is the leading means of achieving the goals of environmental education, training and development.

Equipment and necessary materials.

• poster-inscription "Early flowering plants".
• exhibition of books, photographs, postcards, drawings.
• poster-inscription “Do not pick flowers!”
• poster-inscription “Protect the beauty of your native land!”
• folder with files for designing the thematic methodical folder “Early flowering plants of the native land”.

To show the presentation you need:

• computer with PowerPoint presentation software installed.
• projector for presentation.
• electronic media with the presentation “Early flowering plants of the native land”

Event plan

1. Introductory speech of the teacher.
2. Discussion of the problem of caring for plants.
3. Student performances.
4. Demonstration of the presentation “Early flowering plants of the native land”.
5. Diagnostics of the achieved results.
6. Making posters and flyers.
7. Summarizing.

At the beginning of the event, everyone is invited to get acquainted with the exhibition of books, photographs, postcards, drawings

Do not tear flowers, do not tear,
Let the Earth be beautiful
And instead of bouquets give
Cornflower blue, forget-me-not
And chamomile fields...
(From a song by Y.Antonov)

In introductory remarks the teacher forms students' motivation to study the early flowering plants of the region.

The following questions may be suggested for discussion:

– What can we do if we want flowers to please us for a long time?

- What measures would you suggest for the protection of early flowering plants of your native land?

- How can you tell friends, acquaintances and residents of the city to protect the plants of your native land?

- What biological features allow plants to be primroses?

Children offer to make posters, and then hang them on the entrances of houses so that people remember these flowers; place drawings of early flowering plants on a piece of paper with the inscription “Take care of the flowers!” and stick them in the entrances of houses. (Be sure to record all the proposals made by the students on the problem being studied).

The students explain that in plants that bloom in early spring, the nutrients formed in the leaves accumulate underground in reserve - in rhizomes, tubers or bulbs. That is why next spring, as soon as the snow melts, the plant can already release its bright flower.

The teacher explains that most early-flowering plants belong to the ecological group of cryptophytes - these are perennial herbaceous plants, the renewal buds of which are laid in bulbs, tubers, rhizomes and are in the soil, due to which they are protected from direct environmental influences. Anemone, backache, bathing suit, primrose, corydalis, dicentra, etc. can serve as examples of such plants. Many types of early flowering plants become rare and are listed in the Red Books of the regions and even Russia. (Children get acquainted with the Red Book).

Student performances with stories about early flowering plants of the local flora .

Performances are accompanied by a demonstration of the presentation “Early flowering plants of the native land” (Appendix 1).

Backache, or sleep-grass.

- This is the name of this perennial plant (in the south of the Magadan region - on the Okhotsk coast, a multi-notched lumbago is common).

Sleep-grass - where does this name come from? They say that if you chew the root of the lumbago, then a dream comes - deep and long. This is the legend, but there is probably some truth in it. Saponins and poisonous alkaloids were found in the roots of the lumbago, which, depending on the dose, have either an exciting or a calming effect.

There is another version of the origin of the name "sleep-grass". At night and before rain, its pedicel bends, the flower droops, covering its core from excessive moisture.

Every year it is less and less possible to meet blooming lumbago. This plant propagates mainly by seeds, but large beautiful flowers attract people, especially in early spring, when the “flower” hunger is acutely felt. ... This plant cannot be torn!

Dicentra is great.

The genus dicentra includes up to 20 species of herbaceous perennials, common in North America, China, Korea, and Japan. All these plants have long rhizomes, beautiful feathery leaves, and fruits are oblong capsules, with small shiny black seeds. But the main thing is the peculiar flowers, not similar to the flowers of other plants.

The whole dicentra flower is slightly flattened in one plane and is very similar to a heart pierced by an arrow. These heart-shaped flowers hang down on pedicels, they are collected in an elegant inflorescence - a one-sided, arcuately curved long multi-flowered raceme. The brushes bloom from the base, so that on each brush you can see both flowers and buds at the same time.

Due to the characteristic shape of the flower, the plant has received many interesting and even poetic names. In our country, the dicenter is most often called “broken heart”, another name is less known - “flaming heart”.

Corydalis Magadan.

Corydalis received this name for spurs - tubules on flowers. There are many of them, and the whole bunch seems to be “crested”.

Corydalis flowers are special. They are well adapted to pollination by insects with a long proboscis. The double-lipped corolla seems to be specially designed so that the bumblebee can safely sit on the lower lip. And the spur of the flower serves as a vessel for nectar. Lowering their proboscis to the bottom of the spur, the insects suck up the nectar and at the same time shake off the pollen from their heads and backs, which they brought from other Corydalis.

Corydalis bloom for only a few days. After pollination, oblate green fruitlets are formed, similar to pods. When ripe, they open with two wings, and black small seeds spill out onto the ground. If you look closely, you can see a white lump (aryllus) on each seed - this is a bait for ants. For the sake of these lumps, the ants grab the Corydalis seeds, drag them to the anthill, but lose some along the way ... And in the place where the seed remains on the ground, a new Corydalis will grow.

If you dig up the ground, you can find a round Corydalis tuber. Back in the fall, it accumulated reserves of nutrients, and even then a large kidney was noticeable. By spring, a new shoot grows out of it, dressed in a translucent film. Only when the sprout comes to the surface, the film bursts, the stalk is released, straightens, tender leaves unfold - and the plant blooms.

kaluzhnitsa arctic(the most common in the Magadan region).

The name of this plant comes from the old Russian word "kaluzhina", which means "puddle". Marigold grows in swamps, along the banks of reservoirs and in damp places. She does not have sweet nectar, so flies often circle over her flowers. The marigold grows slowly and blooms only after a few years. Therefore, probably, she hides her roots with a supply of nutrients in the water so that people and animals do not trample. Sometimes in September, the marigold blooms for the second time, but then only the most observant can see its flowers, because. they are faintly visible against the background of falling yellow foliage.

hazel grouse Kamchatka

The stem is simple or slightly branched in the upper part, bulbous scales in the form of small valky nodules, young bulbs develop only one oval leaf. It grows in meadows, sparse thickets of shrubs, forest clearings in floodplains of rivers and streams.

Previously, hazel grouse bulbs were harvested in bags. Of them cooked porridge, jelly, made cakes. Now the collection is not practiced: both because of the lack of need and because of the insufficient number of plants. The flowers of the plant have an unusual color and, of course, attract the attention of both children and adults. We need to carry out explanatory work so that this plant does not disappear from the outskirts of our city.

Primula, or primrose.

On the coast of Okhotsk, you can most often find wedge-leaved primrose, and in the vicinity of Magadan, you can also find Mazurenko primrose.

"Golden keys of spring" are called primroses. Tubular flowers, collected in inflorescences of umbrellas, can really be mistaken for a bunch of outlandish keys. "Keys" that open the door to fine spring days. Young primrose leaves contain a large amount of vitamin C. A few leaves are enough to satisfy the daily requirement of an adult for ascorbic acid. In Holland, England, primroses have long been bred as valuable vegetable species.

Once upon a time, primroses were found in many areas of the forest zone of Russia. Now many of their species are endangered...

Creeping violet.

Many types of violets bloom in Russia - modest blue flowers with a very peculiar corolla and a delicate pleasant aroma.

In total there are more than a hundred species of violets, distributed very widely from the Arctic to the tropics, and they bloom for the most part in summer. Few species bloom in spring, and among them one of the first - creeping violet. It is easy to recognize by the fact that her flowers depart one by one, as if directly from the ground. And there is no smell. In fact, the creeping violet flower originates from a thin, ground-based rhizome that spreads over damp marshy soil. This is not even a rhizome, but a simple creeping stem, from which leaf petioles and pedicels extend upwards.

On the lower petal of the flower, dark stripes are visible, leading, as it were, into the depths of the flower, into its throat. They, these stripes, seem to point the way to pollinating insects. If we look at the violet flower from the side, in profile, then it is easy to notice that the lower petal is continued into a more or less long bag-shaped spur, at the bottom of which the nectar desired by insects accumulates. And on the way to it, the insect is met by stamens (more precisely, their dust particles - pollen) and the stigma of the pistil. The insect casually shakes off pollen on the stigma, and this is what the plant needs for the flower to be pollinated and produce seeds.

Next, the teacher shows the children slides with images of plants that can be found in the vicinity of the city in spring and early summer (European weekwood, cloudberry (squat raspberry), prince (Arctic raspberry), Swedish derain, etc.), draws the attention of children to the flowering of trees and shrubs.

Diagnostics of the achieved results.

Botanical auction game.

Children are invited to write down the names of the species of early flowering plants of their native land that they have learned.

Find out the plant, write the name, color the picture.

It is necessary to determine the name of the plants according to the contour drawings: Corydalis (Annex 2), marigold (Annex 3), violet (Annex 4), backache (Annex 5), hazel grouse (Annex 6), primrose (Annex 7). Color the drawings and write captions for them.

Make up a rebus.

Children are invited to make puzzles with the encrypted names of the studied plants. Variants of puzzles compiled by students - (Annex 8), (Annex 9).

Draw a flyer or poster.

The contour drawings included in the appendices can also be used for the production of leaflets and posters in defense of nature and respect for early flowering plants.

Prepared posters and leaflets are pasted by children in the entrances of their residential buildings.

At the end of the event, diplomas are awarded to the most active participants. “ The best connoisseur of plants”, which children color on their own. (Annex 10).

1. Artamonov V.I. Rare and endangered plants. In 2 books. Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1989.
2. Atrokhin V.G., Solodukhin E.D. Forest anthology M.: Timber industry, 1988.
3. Barinov O. Tundra plants. M.: Biology, No. 46, 1996.
4. Berkutenko A.N."Atlas of plants of the Magadan region". 2006
5. Berkutenko A.N., Virek E. Medicinal and food plants of Alaska and the Russian Far East. Magadan, 1995
6. Grozdova N.B. etc. Trees, bushes and lianas. M.: Timber industry, 1986.
7. Denisova G.A. The wonderful world of plants. Moscow: Enlightenment, 1973. 192s.
8. Ivchenko S.I. Carefully about botany. M.: Young guard, 1972. 223p.
9. Koshcheev A.K., Smirnyakov Yu.I. Berries. M.: Timber industry, 1986.
10. Red Book of the RSFSR: Plants. – M.: Rosagropromizdat, 1988.
11. Kudrin G.A., Sirazitdinov F.N. Our northern edge. Magadan book publishing house, 1987.
12. Mazurenko M.T., Moskalyuk T.A. Northern summer colors. St. Petersburg: Alfavit, 1997
13. Novikov V.S., Gubanov I.A. School atlas-determinant of higher plants. M.: Education, 1991.
14. Petrov V.V. From the life of the green world. Moscow: Enlightenment, 1982. 127p.
15. Khokhryakov A.P. Flora of the Magadan region. Moscow: Nauka, 1985.
16. Flowers of Kolyma. (set of postcards). Magadan. 2003
17. Chastukhina S.A. Medicinal and food plants of Kolyma. Magadan: Library of the newspaper "Territory", 1995.

Material overview

Introduction

Our world is beautiful, spacious and for the most part accessible to every inhabitant of the Earth. Covered with fat fields, endless oceans and forest expanses, lined with highways and railways, routes of air passenger lines and steamship routes, ready to take a person to any place on the globe, the world around us is increasingly domesticated.

Plants give us everything. Herbs, trees and shrubs are our food, medicines, cosmetics, clothes, fragrances, witchcraft, magic and talismans. Health, beauty of the face and body, peace of mind and resistance to stress depend on the life-giving power of plants. Plants are just as alive as we are, they drink the same water, bask in the same sun and feed on the same juices of the earth.

Plants can be useful and dangerous at the same time, it all depends on the dosage and method of application. Each plant has a clear and secret power. We all grew up on wonderful stories and fairy tales about the mandrake root, ferns and the Scarlet Flower. Or maybe it's all true?

After all, since time immemorial, people have used plants to treat a variety of diseases. Medicinal plants were repeatedly glorified, even in poetic form. For example, the 10th century poem "Odo of Mena" describes the medicinal properties of more than 100 medicinal plants. The saying of the medieval scientist, philosopher and physician Avicenna is also world famous: “The doctor has three weapons: the word, the plant, the knife.” Unfortunately, archaeological excavations have not been able to reveal to mankind the medicinal plants of antiquity, which have decayed without a trace for many millennia. However, the surviving sculptural images and the first written monuments of India and China, as well as the long-vanished civilizations of the Middle East and Egypt, testify to the use of plants for medicinal purposes.

And at the moment, many plants are used for medicinal purposes.

The most common and commonly used medicinal plants include mint leaves, thyme, oregano, wormwood, St. John's wort, as well as their combinations. However, medicinal herbs require a professional approach. They need to be collected in time, know how to dry and where to store. The harvesting of such herbs needs an individual approach, as these are poorly cultivated plants. For example, calendula ripens unevenly, and it can be harvested several times. Many medicinal herbs, such as ginseng, require special care.

Today in the world there are about 12,000 medicinal plants that have healing properties and are used in both traditional and folk medicine. In this case, often medicinal plants are perfectly combined with other types of treatment.

But medicinal plants are used not only for therapeutic, but also for preventive purposes, for example, to cleanse the body. It is regular cleansing that is one of the secrets of people who, even in old age, can boast of excellent physical and mental health.

Unfortunately, fewer and fewer people remain - the keepers of folk medical knowledge, although interest in them does not disappear. Therefore, the purpose of our work is: to study and summarize information about medicinal plants growing in our area, their use in the modern world for the treatment and prevention of various diseases.

Work tasks:

1) conduct a survey of medical workers and residents of the city of Rovenka in order to find out whether medicinal plants are currently used;

2) to study popular science literature on the properties of medicinal plants;

3) compile a book "Medicinal plants of the native land";

4) hold an "Ecological matinee"

4) promote the wider use of medicinal herbs - make fragrant pillows

5) get acquainted with the preparation of tea using medicinal plants.

An object: medicinal plants growing in the vicinity of Rovenka

Thing: medicinal properties of medicinal plants and their use.

I. Literature review

1.1. History of the use of medicinal plants

Probably, there is not a single country on Earth in which there are no myths, fairy tales or legends about plants. And this is no coincidence. Admiring the beauty of magnificent flowers and mighty trees, the ancient man thought about what supernatural forces gave birth to them. According to the mythology of many peoples, plants were created by the almighty gods of fertility, who patronized herbs, flowers and trees.

In ancient Egypt, the god of vegetation was Nefertum, in ancient Babylon - Tammuz (Dumuzi), in ancient Greece - Demeter, Proserpina and Dionysus, and in ancient Rome - Flora and Bacchus. The myths about plants also reflected people's ideas about the annual change of seasons and the unity of life and death in nature.

Myths and legends about plants played an important role in the folklore of our ancestors - the ancient Slavs. Let us recall, for example, the famous pagan holiday of Ivan Kupala, which was held at the time of the summer solstice. Many people know that the legend of the flowering fern is associated with this holiday. However, not everyone knows that according to the same legends, on the night of Ivan Kupala, a magical gap-grass grows for just a few moments. The ancient Slavs believed that with the help of this wonderful plant one could find countless treasures and open the doors of any dungeon.

Magical, miraculous properties in many cultures were attributed to plants.

Already primitive man instinctively or accidentally began to distinguish between plants that could be used to reduce pain or to heal wounds and ulcers. In this sense, ancient people acted like animals that find plants in their habitat that help cure certain ailments.

One of the first written references to the use of plants for medicinal purposes comes from Egyptian papyri dating back to the 16th century BC. The age of Chinese medical sources is even older - they are attributed to the 26th century. BC e. However, a real breakthrough in the field of research on the medicinal properties of plants was made in Ancient Greece, where many outstanding botanists, doctors and naturalists lived and worked. Hippocrates (5th century BC), who is considered the father of Western medicine, made an attempt not only to describe the properties of medicinal plants, but also to explain their healing effect. He divided all edible and medicinal plants into "cold", "hot", "dry" and "wet", respectively, the four "elements", the existence of which was postulated as the fundamental principle of the world - earth, water, air and fire. It was these four fundamental properties that he considered the main ones in any living organism and believed that human health depends on their balance, as well as on proper nutrition and exercise. In many ways, his views coincided with the views of the ancient healers of China.

At the beginning of our era, research on the healing properties of plants was continued by Roman doctors. The classic work of the doctor Dioscorides "On Medicinal Herbs" and the multi-volume treatise of the commander and naturalist Pliny the Elder "Natural History" have been a reference guide for European doctors for more than 1500 years. The Roman scientist Claudius Galen, the court physician of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, developed and systematized the Hippocratic theory of "body fluids". His teaching dominated medicine for several centuries.

With the fall of the Roman Empire, the center of medical science shifted to the East, and the development of the Galenic system continued mainly in Constantinople and Persia. The most important work of that time was the "Canon of Medicine" by the Arab scientist Ibn Sina (Avicenna). In the XII century. this treatise was translated into Latin and for many centuries remained one of the main medical aids in medieval Europe.

In the Middle Ages in Europe, herbal medicine and healing were mainly carried out by the church. In numerous monasteries, the cultivation of so-called "pharmacy gardens" and the care of the sick were considered part of the Christian duty of the monks. At the same time, prayers in the treatment were assigned no less a role than medicinal herbs, and in the early herbalists the appropriate prayers were certainly attached to the recipes. Although this created fertile ground for quackery and superstition, the monasteries managed to preserve and pass on to the next generations the medical and botanical knowledge of previous centuries.

In the Renaissance, with the advent of the first botanical gardens and the discovery of the New World, the number of plants used in medicine expanded, and the invention of the printing press contributed to the popularization of medical and botanical works. As this knowledge went beyond the walls of the monasteries, the practical skills of healing in the tradition of Hippocrates began to gain more and more importance.

In Russia, as well as among other peoples, the healing properties of plants have been known since ancient times. The pagan worldview that prevailed in Ancient Russia gave the treatment a supernatural character. Therefore, treatment with a small set of medicinal herbs was carried out by healers, sorcerers, magi, i.e. people, according to popular concepts, who know how to act on evil spirits. Common medicines were wormwood, nettle, horseradish, ash, juniper, plantain, birch, etc. Since ancient times, everything necessary for the treatment of various diseases has been sold in Moscow.

In the minds of many of our contemporaries, medicinal plants (“medicinal herbs”) are something extremely outdated, a relic of ancient times. Our age of electronics and automation, semiconductors and polymers seems to be poorly compatible with bundles of dried herbs, from which humanity in the past, with blind faith, was waiting for miraculous healings. The successes of synthetic chemistry, the ability to create tens and hundreds of thousands of new organic compounds that had never existed in nature before, instilled faith in the omnipotence of chemical synthesis. But medicinal plants can not only cure, but also keep our body in good shape, increase efficiency, release the resources that our body spent on fighting diseases, and improve the quality of life.

Nature took care to provide its creations with miraculous features. Our great-grandmothers were well versed in natural medicines, and we completely lost sight of all this. Of course, this does not mean that the significance of the level of modern medicine should be underestimated. But to be able to understand some of the medicines that nature itself provides us with will also not be superfluous.

1.2 . Pharmacological properties of plants

AndThe study of the experience of traditional medicine with its numerous set of therapeutic agents, the analysis of their action make it possible, with the modern development of phytochemistry, pharmacology and the latest laboratory technology, to identify new, previously unknown medicinal components in them and include them in the arsenal of medicinal preparations of modern medical practice.

Despite the many synthetic and antibiotic substances used in modern medicine, interest in traditional medicine treatment has not disappeared, moreover, it has increased significantly in recent decades, which is to some extent due to the increase in allergic reactions to synthetic drugs. Many patients, especially in rural areas, where the centuries-old experience of traditional medicine is still preserved, are more willing to resort to treatment with infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs. After all, medicinal plants are an effective means of treating and preventing many diseases. Rational herbal medicine normalizes the activity of the nervous system, regulates blood pressure, blood supply to the brain, improves sleep, and increases efficiency.

As a rule, medicinal plants and drugs prepared on their basis act on the body much milder than synthetic drugs. Medicinal herbs have fewer side effects than chemical drugs. They rarely cause allergic reactions. Skillfully composed collections can, if necessary, be taken for years without harm to the patient, which is especially important in chronic diseases.

Patients who have been on a strict diet for a long time and at the same time taking herbs do not suffer from beriberi, since herbs contain a complex of natural vitamins in an optimal combination for the body. In addition, infusions of medicinal plants restore normal intestinal microflora, eliminate dysbacteriosis.

Medicinal herbs, especially their collections, also have the advantage over synthetic medicines that they retain the original complex of natural healing principles. It is known that plants in various combinations contain alkaloids, amino acids, antibiotics, vitamins, glycosides, tannins, organic acids, fats, trace elements, pigments, mucus, resins, phytoncides, essential oils and some other substances. This explains the complex normalizing effect of medicinal plants on the entire body as a whole. In our work, we studied in detail the most common plants that are used by the inhabitants of our city for medicinal purposes.

Chamomile

Chamomile has been used for centuries as a medicinal plant mainly for the gastrointestinal tract. In ancient Egypt, it was dedicated to the sun mainly because of its healing properties. It is used all over the world in the form of a tea and is valued as a therapeutic remedy for the kidneys, spleen, bronchitis, colds, dropsy, etc. The fresh plant has a strong apple aroma, which is why the Greeks called it Hamomili, which means "earth apple". The Spaniards call it Manzanilla, which means "little apple". Parts Used: Flowers.

Application: Chamomile is externally used to accelerate wound healing and treat inflammation. Internally used for fever, indigestion, insomnia and stress. Clinical studies have shown that the use of chamomile in the form of tea has a calming effect. The beneficial properties of chamomile are well known for treating eye diseases such as conjunctivitis. Chamomile helps prevent stomach ulcers and accelerate its healing. Chamomile is widely used for wound care. Chamomile essential oil speeds up the healing of burns. It also fights fungi and bacteria that cause various infections. Immune system: Chamomile boosts the activity of white blood cells in our immune system. Chamomile essential oil stimulates weak hair and gives them a natural shine. Chamomile bath is a wonderful soothing and tonic remedy. Boil a handful of flowers in a pot of water. Strain and pour into a bath of water. Half an hour in such a bath will refresh you and fill you with energy.

Peppermint is an aromatic plant that originates from the Middle East. Arabs have been drinking mint tea for centuries to stimulate sexual potency. Hippocrates and Avicenna note the medicinal properties of peppermint. Pliny mentions that the ancient Greeks and Romans weaved wreaths of mint and decorated their heads with it at various holidays, and also used it in the production of wine. Parts Used: Leaves, aerial part of the plant. Application: Since ancient times, peppermint has been used for stomach diseases and intestinal disorders. It soothes bloating and enhances the secretion of gastric juice, thereby helping with indigestion and intestinal colic. The essential oil contained in peppermint leaves has a mild soothing effect on intestinal diseases, relieves pain from duodenal ulcers and eliminates the feeling of nausea in people suffering from seasickness. Peppermint is also a very effective sedative for nervous and heart diseases, relieves toothache, and removes bad breath. For severe headaches, fresh peppermint leaves can be applied to the forehead.

calamus ordinary

Popular names: hot root, fragrant calamus, yaver, calamus reed, Tatar potion, flat cake, cinquefoil, colmus.

Perennial herbaceous plant with a thick creeping rhizome. The stem is flattened, sharp along one edge. The leaves are long, linear, xiphoid, pointed. The flowers are small, greenish-yellow, collected at the top of the stem in a cylindrical spadix. The rhizome is brown in color, has a peculiar strong aromatic odor and a bitter taste. Blooms from late May to July.

Applicable part. Rootstock and leaves. Rhizomes are harvested in early spring and late autumn, leaves - in June - July.

Rhizomes in the form of a decoction, infusion and tincture are used as bitterness to stimulate appetite, enhance the separation of gastric juice, increase the biliary function of the liver, and tone the gallbladder. An infusion of rhizomes is used as a tonic, tonic, anti-febrile and expectorant.

Periwinkle.

An evergreen subshrub with a cord-like, horizontal rhizome 50-70 cm long, branched at a depth, with bunches of filiform vertical roots at the nodes. Stems of two types: vertical 30-35 cm high and vegetative - horizontal with elongated internodes, 100-150 cm long, branched, rooting at the nodes. The leaves are opposite, short-petiolate, elliptical, usually sharp, shiny, leathery, glabrous, green above, grayish below. Flowers solitary, axillary, on long peduncles. The fruits are cylindrical double leaflets with numerous seeds. Flowering in May, fruiting in June.

Application. It has been used in folk medicine since ancient times. In the Middle Ages, it was considered a symbol of eternity and constancy. It is used as an astringent, hemostatic and wound healing agent.

Vinca preparations have a beneficial effect on the work of the heart, increase the resistance of capillaries.

Sandy immortelle

Popular names: immortelle, yellow cumin, sandy cumin, dried flower, gray flower, scrofula, yellow cat's paws.

Description. Perennial herbaceous plant, forming dense tufts, with a woody rhizome. Stems erect, unbranched. The leaves are oblong. The flowers are small, lemon yellow or orange, collected in inflorescences. The plant has a peculiar smell. Blooms from late June to September.

Application. Immortelle sandy is an ancient remedy of traditional medicine. Infusion and decoction of flowers are considered one of the most popular choleretic drugs, they are widely used for various liver diseases, jaundice, inflammation of the bladder, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, especially childhood colitis. A decoction of flower baskets is also recommended for radiculitis, numbness of the legs.

hawthorn blood red

Tall shrub (up to 4 m) or small tree with purple-brown branches with straight spines. The leaves are alternate, with stipules, short-petiolate, with a coarsely serrated edge. The flowers are white (with an unpleasant odor), collected in corymbose inflorescences. The fruits are spherical or oblong, soft, fleshy, blood-red, sour-sour taste. Blooms in May - June. The fruits ripen in August - September.

Hawthorn is known as an effective remedy for heart disease, insomnia, headache, dizziness, and high blood pressure. Clinical studies have shown its effectiveness in functional disorders of the heart, atrial fibrillation, angina pectoris, Graves' disease. Use both flowers and fruits of the plant.

Valerian officinalis

Perennial herbaceous rhizomatous plant with fibrous roots and erect stem. The leaves are opposite, pinnately compound, with ovate-lanceolate leaflets. The flowers are lilac, pale pink or almost white, small, fragrant, collected in corymbose-paniculate inflorescences. The fruit is a small flat achene. Blooms in June - July.

Application. Valerian is the oldest medicinal plant. Her drugs lower the excitability of the central nervous system, relieve spasms, dilate the vessels of the heart, and lower blood pressure. Infusion and tincture of roots and rhizomes are used for disorders of the nervous system, insomnia, hysteria, convulsions, cardiac neurosis, angina pectoris, epilepsy, Graves' disease, menopausal disorders, migraine.

Hypericum perforatum.

Perennial herbaceous plant up to 1 m high with erect ribbed stems. The leaves are opposite, fragrant, oblong, with translucent dot glands. The flowers are yellow, numerous, collected in broadly paniculate inflorescences. Blooms in April - May.

Application. Russian folk medicine considers St. John's wort herb from ninety-nine diseases. St. John's wort has a hemostatic, astringent, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, wound healing, diuretic and choleretic effect. It is used for women's diseases, for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, heart and bladder, involuntary urination, hemorrhoids, insomnia, irritability, headaches in the form of a decoction, infusion and tincture.

Wild strawberry

Popular names: strawberry, midnight.

Perennial herbaceous plant with a short rhizome and creeping rooting shoots. The leaves are compound, trifoliate, almost naked above, hairy below, which distinguishes wild strawberries from green strawberries (strawberries). The flowers are white, with a subcup. The fruits are oval, bright crimson, aromatic, with sepals bent down, and in green strawberries they are pressed against the fruit. Blooms in May - June.

Application. Fresh strawberries stimulate appetite, have the ability to dissolve and remove liver and kidney stones, regulate the body's basal metabolism, treat and prevent the development of vascular sclerosis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and gout. Leaves and rhizomes have the same properties, from which decoctions and infusions are prepared. In this case, only parts of wild strawberries are used, the healing properties of which are much higher than those of green strawberries.

May lily of the valley.

Perennial herbaceous plant with a thin creeping rhizome. The leaves are bright green, oblong, elliptical. The flower arrow is trihedral, ending with a loose one-sided brush of flowers. The flowers are white, fragrant, globose-bell-shaped. The fruit is a red-orange berry. Blooms in May - June.

Application. Lily of the valley is a popular folk remedy for the treatment of heart disease. Its infusion and alcohol tincture slow down the rhythm of heart contractions, improve the filling of the pulse, reduce shortness of breath, have a calming effect on increased nervousness, relieve convulsions and headaches. They are used for epilepsy, paralysis, asthma, heart failure, neuroses.

The internal use of lily of the valley preparations requires caution. The plant is poisonous.

Burdock

Popular names: burdock, burdock, burdock root, burdock, dedovik, burdock.

A biennial herbaceous plant with alternate large leaves, green above and greyish felt below. The flowers are dark purple, collected in spherical baskets with tenacious hooked wrappers. Blooms in June - September.

Application. Burdock has a diuretic, diaphoretic, milk-producing, anti-inflammatory effect. An infusion of the roots is used for stomach ulcers, gastric bleeding, gastritis, nephrolithiasis, rheumatism and gout, chronic constipation, delayed menstruation and various skin diseases. Fresh and soaked dry leaves are applied to burns, to inflamed seals to soften, an infusion of leaves is used to rinse the mouth.

Coltsfoot

Popular names: near-river grass, kamchuzhnaya grass, butterbur, podbel, rannik, water burdock, tumor leaves.

Perennial rhizomatous herbaceous plant with creeping long rhizome. The stems are straight, unbranched, with small yellow reed flowers collected in baskets. Basal leaves are rounded, green above, white-tomentose below. Blooms from April to mid-May.

Application. Coltsfoot is used as a cough soothing agent, intensifying expectoration, stimulating the secretion of glands. A decoction of the leaves is drunk for diseases of the respiratory system, stomach and intestines, kidneys and bladder, and diathesis in children. Outwardly, a decoction or infusion is used in the form of lotions and compresses for inflammation of the veins, skin, tumors, ulcers.

Motherwort five-lobed

Common names: dead nettle, heart grass, dog nettle, core.

Perennial herbaceous plant with a woody rhizome and a tetrahedral erect pubescent pubescent stem. Leaves are opposite, petiolate, tripartite. The flowers are pink, small, collected in whorls in the axils of the upper leaves. The fruits are trihedral nuts. Blooms in June - August.

Application. In Russian folk medicine, motherwort has long been used as a remedy for “heartbeat”, “stomach heaviness”. Infusion and tincture of herbs slow down the heart rate, reduce blood pressure, have a calming effect on the nervous system (3-4 times stronger than valerian). A decoction of the roots is drunk as a hemostatic agent, used for Graves' disease and epilepsy, neurasthenia, hysteria and shortness of breath.

Common tansy

Popular names: wild mountain ash, field mountain ash, helminth, gourd, nine yellow, mother liquor, wild tansy, humpback.

Perennial rhizomatous plant with an upright branched stem. The leaves are alternate, pinnately dissected, dark green above, grayish green below with dotted glands. The flowers are orange-yellow in baskets, collected in dense apical shields. Blooms in June - August.

Application. An aqueous infusion of flower baskets enhances the function of the gastrointestinal tract, has antipyretic, antispasmodic, antihelminthic, antimicrobial and insecticidal effects. It is used for jaundice, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, especially with low acidity, with roundworms, pinworms, headaches, to reduce and stop menstruation. Externally, the infusion is used for warm baths and compresses as an anesthetic for gout, rheumatism, cramps in the calf muscles.

Wormwood common.

Perennial herbaceous plant up to 150 cm high with a branched stem. The leaves are alternate, pinnatipartite, green above, glabrous, below whitish tomentose, light. Flower baskets are small, collected in long dense panicles. Blooms in July.

It grows among shrubs, along the banks of reservoirs, the outskirts of fields, in meadows.

Application. Wormwood is widely used as a sedative, anticonvulsant and mild hypnotic for epilepsy and neurasthenia. Infusion and decoction accelerate menstruation and childbirth, relieve pain, increase appetite, improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. The fresh juice from the leaves promotes wound healing.

After studying medicinal plants, a book was compiled. (Annex 8)

II. Practical part

2.1. Making scented pillows

Residents of our city mainly use medicinal plants as tea or decoction. We decided to expand the use of medicinal plants and make pillows from herbs, and then give them to grandparents. After all, a pillow made of herbs is a remedy and a great gift.

In the old days, pillows with herbs were in almost every home, and they were treated with great reverence: they were decorated with embroidery, tied with satin ribbons, trimmed with lace. Our great-grandmothers collected fragrant herbs and filled the pillows they slept on with them. Since ancient times, people have believed that bags with medicinal plants bring wealth to the house, protect housing from evil forces, and save spouses from quarrels and quarrels.

Aromatic compositions can be therapeutic - they improve health and normalize sleep, or designed to flavor the air and create a favorable atmosphere in the house. Some mixtures invigorate and cheer up, others relax, dispose to rest, favor sound, healthy sleep.

To fill the sachet, in addition to herbs, use citrus peels, pieces of bark, needles, violet root, clove stars, cinnamon sticks, vanilla pods and other spices. Essential oils and sea salt are also added to herbal pads: they reveal the aromas of dried plants.

To choose the right ingredients for a sachet, you need to know how different herbs affect our health and well-being. Pouches designed for sound sleep are filled with lemon balm, lavender, rose petals, oregano, chamomile and thyme. Verbena, peppermint, myrrh, sage, frankincense, pine needles, orange blossom, gardenia and jasmine, valerian and geranium are also suitable for the bedroom.

The aroma of lemon balm drives away melancholy, eliminates headaches and nightmares. Lavender is recommended for depression and insomnia, it calms, drives away evil thoughts, reduces aggression, helps to relax. Rose petals heal emotional trauma, relieve nervous tension, treat insomnia. Peppermint eliminates nervousness and restores energy balance. Verbena relieves nightmares, gives a woman beauty and charm. Oregano drives away heavy thoughts and cures insomnia. Chamomile calms, gives a feeling of peace, helps with depression, stress, neurosis and insomnia. Myrrh, frankincense, sage and pine needles cleanse the space of negative energy, drive away obsessive thoughts, relieve fatigue.

It is very important that the proportion of each component in the sachet is odd. Fill the bags with one plant or several at once. There are a lot of recipes for aromatic compositions. (Annex 2)

Scented pillows are an exquisite piece of furniture, a fashion accessory in the house and a real amulet that fills your home with the aromas of coniferous forests, verdant meadows and flowering gardens. This is a piece of nature that lives in the house and gives each of its inhabitants sweet dreams, joy and peace.

The pillow can have different sizes: from regular to tiny. The more aromatic and active the plant (rosemary, sage, hop cones), the smaller the pad should be. Your imagination will tell you the shape: round, square, oval. For the main pillowcase (cover or pillowcase), only natural (“breathable”) and dense fabrics (cotton, linen, teak) are used so that the fillers do not seep and prick the face and neck. (Annex 3)

A feature and disadvantage of an aromatic pillow is the rapid caking of herbs. To avoid this, herbs are used that keep their shape - sedge, heather, bracken, straw.

The addition of these herbs also helps to avoid an overdose when you want to have a big pillow, and the selected herbs are strong (rosemary, sage, hop cones) and strong-smelling (mint, oregano, elderberry).

2.2. Strengthening health with tea using medicinal plants

It is known that teas are not only pleasant with their taste and aroma, but also useful. Medicinal preparations and teas are mixtures of dried and crushed medicinal plants in a certain ratio. They are made up of two or more plants that are similar in therapeutic action or enhance this effect.

According to their purpose, they are divided into vitamin, preventive and therapeutic.

Vitamin teas are prepared from food and medicinal plants containing a large amount of vitamins and minerals. A large number of vitamins are found in the fruits and leaves of plants. Vitamins are necessary for the body to build enzymatic systems. Their insufficient intake causes pathological conditions due to a decrease in the activity of enzymatic systems. These include avitaminosis and hypovitaminosis. Such tea has a pleasant taste and smell, quenches thirst well and satisfies the body's need for vitamins and minerals.

Preventive teas from medicinal plants differ in the direction of exposure. For example, tea can be anti-sclerotic, anti-spasmodic, sedative, regulating carbohydrate metabolism, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. They include plants that have a targeted effect on individual organs and systems.

Medicinal teas are characterized by a high content of biologically active substances. Such teas stimulate metabolism, hematopoiesis, increase the body's defenses. At home, medicinal tea is usually prepared from one, two or more medicinal plants, strictly following the weight of the components indicated in the recipe and the preparation technology. They are used only on the recommendation of the attending physician. Competent, reasonable use of natural remedies will alleviate your condition, help get rid of a long-tormenting ailment. (Annex 4)

HOW TO PREPARE HERBAL TEA CORRECTLY

The flowers are brewed in a large porcelain teapot with boiling water. Berries before brewing it is necessary; crush fresh, crush dry. The leaves are poured with boiling water. Roots, stems and coarse parts of plants finely chopped. Then put them in cold water, bring to a boil over low heat and boil for 10 minutes. After brewing, teas from flowers, leaves and berries are infused in a porcelain teapot for 5-10 minutes, and teas from roots and stems are infused in an enamel bowl for 10-15 minutes. Properly brewed tea from medicinal plants has a unique taste, aroma and color, it retains all biologically active substances. (Annex 5)

2.3. Research results

In the course of work on this topic, we learned that in our city, many residents use medicinal plants to treat various diseases. We were interested to know the opinion on this issue of both medical specialists and ordinary residents who do not have a medical education. Therefore, we turned to the people of our city, who use medicinal herbs in the treatment of colds.

Opinion of medical workers. Biryukova Elena Viktorovna, paramedic

From November to March, we interviewed 200 children who were diagnosed with SARS. Along with synthetic medicines, they were treated with folk remedies, in the form of collections of medicinal herbs. The collection included herbs: coltsfoot, mint, chamomile and others.

In the course of treatment, the condition of the patients improved. Herbal treatment is used not only in the acute period, but also during the recovery period, which improves the body's defenses and increases immunity.

Kretova - Pimanenok Tatyana Anatolyevna, doctor of the central city hospital of the city of Rovenki.

Phytotherapy, i.e. treatment with medicinal plants in our time attracts great attention of doctors of various specialties. Synthetic preparations, no doubt, give a therapeutic effect, but side effects are not uncommon when they are used: allergic reactions, intolerance phenomena. The advantage of herbal treatments is that they are generally harmless. Treatment with herbal preparations is always long - at least 2 - 4 weeks, but the result of the treatment is always positive.

The opinion of local residents who do not have a medical education. Saliy Lidia Efimovna

I use medicinal plants, I began to use them especially often after retirement. Medicines are expensive, the pension is small, so I remembered traditional medicine. And since I live in the private sector and there is a beam not far from me, I can even collect medicinal herbs myself. I really like to drink tea with mint, oregano and other herbs after a bath, strength is added, I feel much better.

Serdyuchenko Galina Alexandrovna

My mother also told me that there is nothing better than natural. It was she who introduced me to many medicinal plants and their use. For example, I wash my head with a decoction of chamomile, and I take an infusion of hawthorn when I am tormented by insomnia. I try to pass on all my knowledge to my children.

The results of a survey among residents of the city of Rovenka showed that many people are aware of the medicinal properties of plants. (Appendix 1)

Most of the respondents buy medicinal herbs in pharmacies, because this is a more reliable way, but there are also those who like to collect herbs with the whole family.

Of the medicinal plants used by the inhabitants, the most common are: chamomile, nettle, mint, lemon balm, coltsfoot.

Knowing the medicinal properties of herbs, people often use decoction, tea. But herbal pillows are rare, so we think that our fragrant pillows have become a very good gift.

III . findings

As a result of our research, we found out that a lot of medicinal plants grow in the vicinity of our city.

In our work, we focused specifically on only the most popular types of medicinal plants.

From books and from conversations with residents, we got acquainted with the preparation of infusions, with the pharmacological properties of medicinal plants

From a conversation with medical workers, we realized that traditional medicine recipes are also widely used in modern medicine. According to medical professionals, the use of folk remedies is very effective, although a longer treatment period is required. The use of medicinal herbs improves the body's defenses and increases overall immunity. (Annex 6)

I take into account all the benefits of medicinal herbs, made fragrant pillows that will delight not only with their appearance, have a beneficial effect on the human body, helping to cope with insomnia, stress, fatigue, irritability, and also successfully used to prevent respiratory and viral diseases

We had a tea party with the use of medicinal plants, and at the end of our study we held an "Ecological matinee" (Appendix 7)

IV. Conclusion

Nature is a source of health and danger to man. The choice of drugs in the "green pharmacy" is rich and varied, but you need to be careful: poisoning with medicinal plants is possible if you self-medicate. You should contact the "green pharmacy", as well as the usual one, with an established diagnosis of the disease and with a doctor's prescription.

We believe that propaganda about the effectiveness of the use of medicinal herbs for the treatment of various diseases should be carried out among the population, using all means (conversations, lectures, stand design) in order to develop a positive attitude towards the use of medicinal herbs among people.

It is necessary to acquaint people with the rules for the preparation, storage of medicinal raw materials and the preparation of medicinal infusions.

“There is nothing on earth that would not be considered a medicine,” says one of the provisions of Tibetan medicine. We live in a drug world. The flora of our country is very rich, and almost all of its representatives have medicinal properties. However, under the conditions of ecological trouble, care for the rational use of the natural resources of the medicinal flora in the struggle for the health and active longevity of people is of great importance.

Research topic: Medicinal plants of the native land Object area: Medicine Object of study: Medicinal plants growing in the Kaliningrad region. Subject of study: The value of medicinal plants for a healthy lifestyle. Problem In our industrial age, with the strongest pollution of the environment, it is simply impossible to remain absolutely healthy. We are constantly under the threat of getting a whole "bouquet" of diseases. Often, medicine is powerless, so medicinal plants can come to the rescue. Knowledge in this area was not enough, and we decided to replenish it by exploring the medicinal plants of our region.

Relevance and novelty This topic is now very relevant, since the disease is easier to prevent than later, tormented by trying to get rid of it. Isn't it easier now to just look around and see what nature gives us. Our kind and all-powerful doctor “nature” foresaw everything and prepared everything, you just need to take this medicine and use it, but not everyone knows about this medicine. Hypothesis If you study different types of medicinal plants, learn how to harvest and use them correctly, you can prevent and cure many diseases and look great without the use of chemical pills.

Purpose of work: Collecting the necessary information about the benefits of medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases. Tasks: 1) Development of the ability to work with additional literature. 2) Acquaintance with the history of medicinal plants, with their correct preparation. 3) Determining the role of medicinal plants in our area in a healthy lifestyle. 4) Raising interest in a healthy lifestyle. Research methods The study and use of encyclopedias, scientific publications, dictionaries, the method of comparison, comparison. Practical significance: every student can open a job and find the right medicinal plant for various diseases and how to treat them at home.

In Russia, leaves, bark, flowers of plants have been used for the treatment of many diseases since ancient times. Under Tsar Ivan the Terrible, pharmaceutical huts were opened in Russia, and medicinal plants were brought from different countries worth their weight in gold, he ordered that not only the royal court, but also the army be supplied with medicinal plants.

Rules for the collection of medicinal plants. Plants are harvested in dry weather, when the dew has already disappeared. It is necessary to ensure that there is no dust and dirt on the plants. You can not collect medicinal plants along the roads, on the streets of cities, in squares. These plants accumulate harmful substances that are emitted into the air by cars. The flowers are harvested at the beginning of flowering; leaves - before flowering or at the beginning of it; roots and rhizomes - in spring and autumn; bark - in the spring, at the beginning of sap flow, when it separates well.

Black elderberry Raspberry a In folk medicine, raspberry fruits are considered an antipyretic for influenza, bronchitis, laryngitis, expectorant when coughing. In folk medicine, a decoction prepared from the flowers and fruits of black elderberry is used as an antipyretic, diaphoretic, diuretic.

Nettle In folk medicine, nettle is used as a wound healing, diuretic, tonic, laxative, vitamin, expectorant. It is used for various bleeding, heart disease, tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, bronchitis, allergies. Outwardly - for wounds, bleeding, skin diseases, to strengthen hair.

Conclusion In our industrial age, with the strongest environmental pollution, it is simply impossible to remain absolutely healthy. We are constantly under the threat of getting a whole "bouquet" of diseases. Often medicine is powerless. But why do we forget that we have thousands of years of experience of our ancestors behind us, who for centuries have been putting recipes for the treatment of various ailments into the treasury of traditional medicine. The disease is easier to prevent than later, tormented by trying to get rid of it. Isn't it easier now to just look around and see what nature gives us. Our kind and all-powerful doctor “nature” foresaw everything and prepared everything, you just need to take this medicine and use it, but not everyone knows about this medicine. Therefore, we studied the medicinal plants of our area, their action and use.

Literature. D. Tkach "Home doctor" V.V. Petrov "The plant world of our Motherland" A.F. Hammerman "Healing plants". Moscow, 1986. "Medicinal plants and their use." Vladivostok. MP "Exlibris", 1992. Encyclopedia of the nature of Russia. Reference edition. ABF Publishing House. Moscow. V.I.Dal "Explanatory Dictionary"