Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .

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sequential submission

sequential submission- A method of communication in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses, when the subordinate clause of the first degree is subordinate to the main part, and each subsequent clause is connected to the previous one (there is a second, third, etc. degree ... ... Syntax: Dictionary

This article or section describes some linguistic phenomenon in relation to the Russian language only. You can help Wikipedia by adding information about this phenomenon in other languages ​​and typological coverage ... Wikipedia

Connecting sentences using subordinating conjunctions or allied (relative) words. Makar did not even notice before that it seemed to be getting light on the plain (Korolenko). A guide was needed who would know the forest paths well (B. Polevoy). wed…

submission, or subordination the relation of syntactic inequality between words in a phrase and a sentence, as well as between the predicative parts of a complex sentence. In such a connection, one of the components (words or sentences) ... ... Wikipedia

Subordination, or subordinating connection, is the relation of syntactic inequality between words in a phrase and a sentence, as well as between the predicative parts of a complex sentence. In such a connection, one of the components (words or sentences) ... ... Wikipedia

Firm- (Firm) Definition of a firm, signs and classification of firms Definition of a firm, signs and classification of firms, company concepts Contents Contents Firm Legal Forms The concept of firm and entrepreneurship. The main features and classifications of firms ... ... Encyclopedia of the investor

scheme for analyzing a polynomial complex sentence- 1) the type of sentence according to the nature of the main syntactic connection and the number predicative parts; 2) type of subordination according to the method of connection of subordinate clauses: a) sequential submission(indicate the degree of subordination); b) subordination: homogeneous subordination ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

A complex sentence that has more than two parts (cf. parallel subordination, sequential submission) ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

Polynomial complex sentences (with several subordinate clauses)

Punctuation marks in complex sentences

Plan

1. Polynomial NGN with clauses related to one main:

a) homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses;

b) heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

2. Polynomial SPP with sequential subordination.

3. Punctuation marks in NGN.

4. Parsing polynomial SPP.

Literature

1. Valgina N.S Syntax of the modern Russian language: [Textbook. for universities on special "Journalism"] / N.S. Valgin. – M.: graduate School, 1991. - 431 p.

2. Beloshapkova V.A. Modern Russian language: Syntax / V.A. Beloshapkova, V.N. Belousov, E.A. Bryzgunov. – M.: Azbukovnik, 2002. – 295 p.

3. Pospelov N.S. Complex sentence and its structural types / N.S. Pospelov // Questions of linguistics. - 1959. - No. 2. – pp. 19-27

Complex sentences may have not one, but several subordinate clauses.

Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses are two main types:

1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main sentence (homogeneous and heterogeneous, that is, parallel subordination);

2) the first subordinate clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first subordinate clause, etc. (successive subordination).

I. Clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous and heterogeneous.

Complex sentences with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

With this subordination, all subordinate clauses refer to one word in the main part or to the entire main clause, answer the same question and belong to the same type of subordinate clauses. Between themselves, homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected by coordinating unions or union-free (only with the help of intonation). The connections of homogeneous clauses with the main clause and between themselves resemble the connections of homogeneous members of the sentence.

For example:

[I came to you with greetings tell what?], (that the sun has risen), (that it trembled with hot light on the sheets). (A. Fet.)

[That , (who lives the real life), (who has been accustomed to poetry since childhood),forever believes in the life-giving, full of reason Russian language]. (N. Zabolotsky.)

[At the end of May, the young bear was drawn to her relatives. places which? ], ( where she was born) and ( where the months of childhood were so memorable).

In a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination, the second subordinate clause may not have a subordinating conjunction.

For example: ( If there is water) and ( there won't be any fish in it), [I don't trust water]. (M. Prishvin.) [ Let's shudder], (if suddenly a bird flies) or ( elk trumpets in the distance). (Yu. Drunina.)

2. Complex sentences with heterogeneous subordination subordinate (or with parallel subordination). With such subordination, the subordinate clauses include:

a) to different words of the main sentence, or one part to the whole main, and the other to one of its words;

b) to one word or to the entire main clause, but they answer different questions and are different types of subordinate clauses.

For example: ( When in my arms A new book ), [I feel], (that something living, speaking, wonderful came into my life). (M. Gorky.)

(If we turn to the best samples prose), [then we will make sure], (that they are full of genuine poetry). (K. Paustovsky.)

[From the world (which is called children's), door leading to space], (where they dine and drink tea) (Chekhov).

II. Complex sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

This type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which subordinate clauses form a chain: the first clause refers to the main clause (subordinate clause of the 1st degree), the second clause refers to the clause of the 1st degree (subordinate clause of the 2nd degree), etc.

For example: [ Young Cossacks rode vaguely and held back tears], (because they were afraid of their father), (who was also somewhat embarrassed), (though I tried not to show it). (N. Gogol)

The specificity of the subordinate parts in this case is that each of them is subordinate in relation to the previous one and main in relation to the next one.

For example: Often in autumn I would closely watch falling leaves to catch that imperceptible split second when a leaf separates from a branch and begins to fall to the ground.(Paustovsky).

With sequential subordination, one subordinate clause can be inside another; in this case, there may be two subordinating unions nearby: what and if, what and when, what and since, etc.

For example: [ The water crashed so scary], (what, (when the soldiers ran below), raging streams were already flying after them) (M. Bulgakov).

There are also compound sentences with combined type subordination of subordinate clauses.

For example: ( When the chaise left the yard), [he (Chichikov) looked back and saw], (that Sobakevich was still standing on the porch and, as it seemed, was peering, wanting to know), (where the guest will go). (Gogol)

This is a complex sentence with parallel and sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

Polynomial complex sentences (SPS) are divided into two types. The first type includes NGN, in which all subordinate clauses belong to the main clause. Depending on the meaning of subordinate clauses and their relationship to the main one, they divide homogeneous suggestions and heterogeneous.

Homogeneous and heterogeneous

Homogeneous are called subordinate clauses relating to the same member of the main clause, or to the main clause as a whole. They are connected to each other by writing or unionless bond and are called subordinate subordinates.

Examples: I saw how she was leaving, and how long he looked after her.

Until recently, we recalled that we were very friendly with him and that at every opportunity we tried to see each other.

Inhomogeneous are called subordinate clauses related to different types by meaning, as well as subordinate clauses of the same type, but related to different members of the main sentence.

Examples: When he came up, I asked where to go next.

He explained that we would have to leave as soon as possible and added that he would give us some food for the journey.

The second type is formed by NGN, in which the subordinate clauses form a logical chain, that is, the first refers to the main one, the second to the first, the third to the second, etc. Such subordination is called sequential, and subordinate clauses - respectively, subordinate clauses of the first degree, subordinate clauses of the second degree, etc.

Example: I thought it was time to move already, to be where we were supposed to meet in the evening.

Also, complex sentences with several subordinate clauses can combine both types.

For example: Yesterday he said that people were leaving their homes, and that soon there would be no one to grow wheat, and that no one knew what to do.

We were told that we would have to be there when the guests arrived to open the door and take on our coats.

In the first example, the first three clauses refer to the main clause, and the last clause (what to do) refers to the clause "what no one knows". In the second, the first clause is a clause of the first degree (the second type of SPP), and the remaining three clauses are not only clauses of the second degree, but also heterogeneous (the first type of SPP).

Also for polynomials complex sentences include those in which one subordinate clause is given question from two or more main sentences. In this case, the main sentences are interconnected by a non-union or coordinative connection.

Example: He was clearly in pain, he was choking, and his heart was beating wildly when the ambulance finally arrived.

Education

Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses - what is it? Examples of homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses in a complex sentence

June 30, 2014

Complex sentences with subordinate elements are divided into several groups. There are three in total. In speech, there may be a complex expression with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, heterogeneous (parallel) and sequential. Further in the article we will consider the features of one of these categories. What is a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses?

General information

Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses (examples of such constructions will be given below) is an expression in which each part refers to the main element or to a specific word in it. The last option occurs if the additional component distributes only a certain part of the main one. Sentences with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses have a number of features. So, the spreading elements are of the same type, that is, they answer the same question. Usually they are connected with each other by coordinating unions. If they have an enumeration value, then the relationship is unionless, as with homogeneous members. Here, in general, what does homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses mean.

Communication in context

1. The hushed boys watched the car /1 until it left the intersection /2 until the dust it had raised dissipated /3 until it turned into a ball of dust /4.

This proposal is complex. It consists of four simple ones. The first of them is the main one, the subsequent ones are subordinate tenses, which all belong to the main one. Each answers the same question - until when? The main union "bye" binds everything additional elements. Thus, we have a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

2. Dad told me /1 that he had never seen such bread /2 and /that the current harvest is very good/3.

Such a proposal is complex. It consists of three simple ones. The very first of them is the main one, the subsequent ones are subordinate or additional. They all refer to the single predicate "spoke". It is expressed by the verb in the first sentence. You can ask them one question - "what?". With the union "what", which is the main one, each subordinate clause is associated. They are connected to each other by the connecting union "and". From this it follows that in the construction of the expression, a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses was used.

3. The main union connecting additional elements may be omitted in some cases, but it is easy to restore it.

For example: The man watched /1 how the boat was returning to the ship /2 and / the sailors for a very long time, pushing each other, pulled it on the hoists /3. - The man watched /1 how the boat was returning to the ship /2 and / how the sailors for a very long time, pushing each other, pulled it on the hoists /3.

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Punctuation marks

1.If connecting or dividing union("yes", "and" with the meaning "or", "and", "or") connects homogeneous clauses, then they do not put a comma between them:

Dad told me that he had never seen such bread and that this year there was a very good harvest.

He seriously stated that we must immediately leave his house or he would call the police.

2. Between the subordinate clauses homogeneous proposals a comma is placed if the coordinating conjunctions are repeated.

Once in the hospital, he recalled how they were suddenly attacked by the Nazis, and how everyone was surrounded, and how the detachment managed to get to their own.

3. If the unions "whether ... or" are used as repeating constructions (in the example, you can change to whether), the homogeneous clauses associated with them are separated by a comma.

It was impossible to tell if it was a fire or if the moon was starting to rise. - It was impossible to understand whether it was a fire, whether the moon was beginning to rise.

Combined connection structures

A sentence with numerous homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses occurs in several variants. So, perhaps together parallel and serial connection, For example. For this reason, when parsing, it is not necessary to immediately draw up general scheme or rush to punctuate.

Context analysis

Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses is parsed according to a certain scheme.

1. Highlighting grammar basics, consider the number of simple elements that make up the structure.

2. Designate all subordinating conjunctions and allied words and, based on this, establish subordinate and main clauses.

3. The main element is defined for all additional ones. As a result, pairs are formed: main-subordinate.

4. Based on the construction of a vertical scheme of a complex sentence, the nature of the subordination of subordinate structures is determined. It can be parallel, sequential, homogeneous, combined type.

5. A horizontal scheme is built, based on which punctuation marks are placed.

Analysis of the proposal

Example: The argument is that if your king is here for three days, then you are unconditionally obliged to do what I tell you, and if he does not stay, then I will carry out any order that you give me.

1. This complex sentence contains seven simple ones: The argument is /1 that /2 if your king will be here for three days /3 then you are unconditionally obliged to do /2 what I tell you /4 and / if he does not stay /5 then I will carry out any order /6 that you give me /7.

1) the dispute is;

2) if your king will be here for three days;

3) something ... that you are unconditionally obliged to do that;

4) what I will tell you;

5) if he does not stay;

6) then I will carry out any order;

7) which you will give me.

2. The main sentence is the first (the dispute is that), the rest are subordinate clauses. Only the sixth sentence raises a question (then I will carry out any order).

3. This complex sentence is divided into the following pairs:

1->2: the argument is that... then you are absolutely obligated to do that;

2->3: you are absolutely bound to do this if your king is here for three days;

2->4: you are absolutely bound to do what I tell you;

6->5: I will execute any order if it does not remain;

6->7: I will carry out any order you give me.

Possible difficulties

In the above example, it is somewhat difficult to understand what type the sixth sentence is. In this situation, you need to look at the coordinating conjunction "a". In a complex sentence, it, unlike the subordinating connecting element, may not be located next to the sentence related to it. Based on this, it is necessary to understand what simple elements this union connects. For this, only sentences containing oppositions are left, and the rest are removed. Such parts are 2 and 6. But since sentence 2 refers to clauses, then 6 must also be like that, since it is connected with 2 by a coordinating conjunction. It's easy to check. It is enough to insert a union that has sentence 2, and connect 6 with it with the main one related to 2. Example: The dispute is that I will carry out any order. Based on this, we can say that in both cases there is a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, only in 6 the union "what" is omitted.

Conclusion

It turns out that this sentence is complex with homogeneously related subordinate clauses (2 and 6 sentences), in parallel (3-4, 5-7) and sequentially (2-3, 2-4, 6-5, 6-7). To punctuate, you need to define the boundaries of simple elements. This takes into account the possible combination of proposals of several unions at the border.

Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses there are two main types: 1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main clause; 2) the first clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first clause, etc.

I. Clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous and heterogeneous.

1. Homogeneous adventitious, like homogeneous members, have same value, answer the same question and depend on one word in the main clause. Between themselves, homogeneous clauses can be connected by coordinating unions or union-free (only with the help of intonation). For example:

1) [But sad to think], (which is in vain was us youth is given), (what changed her all the time), (that deceived us she is)... (A. Pushkin)- [verb], (conjunction what),(union what),(union what)...

2) [Dersu said], (what it's not clouds, it's fog) and what tomorrow it will be a sunny day and even hot) (V. Arseniev).[vb], (what) and (what).

The connection of homogeneous clauses with the main clause is called uniform subordination.

It should be borne in mind that when uniform subordination subordinate clauses, it is possible to skip the union or union in the second (third) clause, for example:

(Where is the cheerful sickle walked) and ( fell ear), [now everything is empty] (F. Tyutchev).(where) and ("), ["].

2. Heterogeneous clauses have different meaning, answer different questions or depend on different words in a sentence. For example:

(If I have one hundred lives), [ they would not satisfy all the thirst for knowledge], ( which burns me) (V. Bryusov)- (conjunction if),[n.], (s. word which).

The connection of heterogeneous clauses with the main clause is called parallel submission.

II. The second type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which the clauses form a chain: the first clause refers to the main clause (subordinate clause of the 1st degree), the second clause refers to the clause of the 1st degree (subordinate clause of the 2nd degree) etc. For example:

[She was horrified"], (when found out), (that the letter was father) (F. Dostoevsky)- , (with. when verb), (p. what).

Such a connection is called consistent submission.

With sequential subordination, one subordinate clause can be inside another; in this case, two subordinating unions may be nearby: what and if anything and when that and as etc. (for punctuation marks at the junction of conjunctions, see the section “Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with two or more subordinate clauses”). For example:

[The water collapsed so scary], (what, (when the soldiers fled below), after them already flew raging streams) (M. Bulgakov).

[uk.sl. so + adv.], (what, (when),").

In complex sentences with three or more subordinate clauses, there may be more complex combinations of subordinate clauses, for example:

(Who in young age not tied yourself with strong ties with an external and beautiful cause, or at least with simple, but honest and useful work), [ he can count his youth without a trace lost], (as if fun she is neither passed) and how many would happy memories she is neither left).

(who), [pronoun.], (however), (however). (A complex sentence with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination).

Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Indicate the type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries.

4. Draw up a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) questions from the main to the subordinate clauses, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is conditional), characterize the means of communication (unions or allied words), determine the types of clauses (definitive, explanatory and etc.).

5. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses (homogeneous, parallel, sequential).

An example of parsing a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

1) [Look up at the pale green, star-studded sky, (on which there is neither a cloud nor a spot), and understand], (why is the summer warm air immovable), (why nature is on guard) (A. Chekhov).

[n., (vill. on which), vb.], (vill. why),(vill. why).
will determine. explain. explain.

Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination: 1st subordinate clause - attributive clause (the clause depends on the noun sky, answers the question which?, on which); 2nd and 3rd subordinate clauses - subordinate explanatory clauses (depend on the verb understand answer the question what?, join with an allied word why).

2) [Any man knows], (that he have to do not that, ( what separates him with people), otherwise), ( what connects him with them) (L. Tolstoy).

[vb], (conjunction what local, (s.el. what), places.), (s.el.chto).

explain. place-determined place-determined

Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with serial and parallel subordination: 1st subordinate clause - subordinate explanatory clause (depends on the verb knows answers the question what?, joins union what), 2nd and 3rd clauses - pronoun-defining clauses (each of them depends on the pronoun then, answers the question what (that)?, joins with an allied word what).

.one. Associative compound sentence

Associative compound sentence - this is a complex sentence in which simple sentences are combined into one whole in meaning and intonation, without the help of unions or allied words: [Habit over us given]: [replacement happiness she is](A. Pushkin).

semantic relationship between simple sentences in allied and are expressed differently. In allied sentences, unions take part in their expression, therefore the semantic relations here are more definite and clear. For example, union so expresses the consequence because- the reason if- condition, but- opposition, etc.

The semantic relations between simple sentences are less clearly expressed than in the union. In terms of semantic relationships, and often in terms of intonation, some are closer to complex ones, others to complex ones. However, often the same non-union compound sentence in meaning, it can be brought closer to both a complex and a complex sentence. Wed, for example: Searchlights lit up- it became light around; Searchlights were lit, and it became light around; When the spotlights came on, it became light all around.

Meaningful relationships in non-union complex sentences depend on the content of the simple sentences included in them and are expressed in oral speech intonation, but in writing various signs punctuation (see the section "Punctuation marks in non-union complex sentence»).

AT non-union complex sentences The following types of semantic relations between simple sentences (parts) are possible:

I. enumeration(lists some facts, events, phenomena):

[I_ have not seen you for a whole week], [I didn't hear you for a long time] (A. Chekhov) -, .

Such unionless complex sentences approach compound sentences with a connecting union and.

Like their synonymous compound sentences, non-union complex sentences can express the value 1) simultaneity enumerated events and 2) their sequences.

1) \ Bemep howl plaintively and quietly], [in the darkness neighing horses], [from the tabor floated tender and passionate song- thought] (M. Gorky) -,,.

stirred ], [fluttered half asleep birdie] (V. Garshin)- ,.

Associative compound sentences with enumerative relations may consist of two sentences, or may include three or more simple sentences.

II. Causal(the second sentence reveals the reason for what the first says):

[I unhappy]: [everyday guests] (A. Chekhov). Such non-union complex sentences synonymous with complex subordinate causes.

III. Explanatory(the second sentence explains the first one):

1) [Items were lost form]: [ everything merged first into gray, then into a dark mass] (I. Goncharov)-

2) [Like all Moscow, your father is like that]: [would like he is a son-in-law with stars and ranks] (A. Griboyedov)-

Such unionless proposals synonymous with sentences with explanatory conjunction namely.

IV. Explanatory(the second sentence explains the word in the first part that has the meaning of speech, thought, feeling or perception, or the word that indicates these processes: listened, looked, looked back etc.; in the second case, we can talk about the omission of words like see, hear etc.):

1) [Nastya during the story remembered]: [she has from yesterday remained whole intact cast iron boiled potatoes] (M. Prishvin)- :.

2) [I came to my senses, Tatyana looks]: [bear No]... (A. Pushkin)- :.

Such non-union sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with explanatory clauses. (remembered that ...; looks (and sees that) ...).

V. Comparative-adversative relations (the content of the second sentence is compared with the content of the first or opposed to it):

1) [All happy family looks like and each other], [each unhappy family unhappy but in its own way] (L. Tolstoy)- ,.

2) [Chin followed him]- [he service suddenly left] (A. Griboyedov)- - .

Such non-union complex sentences synonymous with compound sentences with adversative conjunctions ah, but.

VI. Conditionally temporary(the first sentence indicates the time or condition for the implementation of what is said in the second):

1) [Do you like to ride] - [love and sleigh carry] (proverb)- - .

2) [see you with Gorky]- [talk with him] (A. Chekhov)--.

Such sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with subordinate conditions or tense.

VII. Consequences(the second sentence names the consequence of what the first says):

[Small the rain sows since morning]- [it's impossible to get out] (I. Turgenev)- ^TT