What kind of subordination is called parallel. Complex sentences with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses

And everything connected with it is studied in the school course of the Russian language, and is also included in the examination work.

Variants of subordination of dependent parts (successive subordination of subordinate clauses as well) will be discussed below.

Complex sentence: types of subordinate clauses

A complex sentence is one where there are two or more grammar basics, one of which is the main one, the rest are dependent. For example, the fire went out(main part), when morning came(dependent part). Subordinate, or dependent, parts can be different types, it all depends on the question that is asked from the main clause to the dependent one. Yes, when asked which the dependent part is considered definitive: the forest (what?) in which we walked has thinned out. If the question of circumstance is attached to the dependent part, then the subordinate part is defined as adverbial. Finally, if the question to the dependent part is one of the questions of indirect cases, then the subordinate clause is called explanatory.

Complex sentence: several subordinate clauses

Often in texts and exercises there are several subordinate clauses. At the same time, not only the subordinate clauses themselves can be different, but also the way they are subordinated to the main clause or to each other.

Method of subordination of subordinate clauses

Name	Description	Example
Parallel subordination	The main clause includes dependent parts of various types.	When the ice broke, the fishing began, which the men had been waiting for all winter.(Main sentence: fishing has begun. First adverbial adjective: started (when?); second adjective: fishing (what?).
Homogeneous submission	The main clause includes dependent parts of the same type.	Everyone knows how the BAM was built and how dearly the people paid for it.(Main sentence: everyone knows. It includes both subordinate explanatory clauses: how BAM was built and how dearly the people paid for it. Clauses are homogeneous, as they refer to a single word - known they ask one question: it is known that?)
Sequential submission	The main clause has one subordinate clause, on which other subordinate clauses depend.	He guessed that they didn't like the movie they saw.(From the main sentence he guessed one adjective depends: that they didn't like the movie. From the subordinate clause related to the main clause, something else depends: which they saw.

To determine the parallel, homogeneous, sequential subordination of subordinate clauses is a task that causes difficulties for students. Solving this issue, it is necessary first of all to find the main sentence, and then, asking questions from it, determine the nature of subordination.

Subordination and sequential subordination

In complex sentences, in which there are several predicative stems, there may be subordination of subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses are subordinate clauses that depend on a single main clause. Sequential subordination is different from subordination. The fact is that in compound sentences with consistent submission not all subordinate clauses depend on the main clause, that is, they do not have subordination.

It is not an easy task to determine the types of subordinate clauses, especially in sentences with sequential subordination. The question is how to find the consistent subordination of the subordinate clauses.

• Read the offer carefully.
• Highlight grammar points.
• Determine if the sentence is complex. In other words, find out whether there are main and dependent parts, or parts of a complex sentence are equal.
• Identify subordinate clauses related directly to the main clause.
• The subordinate clause, which is not related in meaning to the main clause, will refer to another part dependent on the main clause. This is the sequential subordination of subordinate parts.

Following this algorithm, you can quickly find the offer specified in the task.

The main thing is to know the answer to the question, the consistent subordination of subordinate clauses - what is it? This is a complex sentence, where such a subordinate clause depends on the main clause, which is the main clause for another clause.

The structure of sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses

Structurally, the most interesting is a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. A chain of interdependent clauses can be located both outside the main clause and inside it.

The day they spent in the sunny city, where there are many historical monuments, they will remember forever.

Here is the main suggestion they will remember the day forever encircles related subordinate clauses. The subordinate clause depends on the main clause which they spent in the sunny city. This subordinate part is the main one for the subordinate defining part. where there are many historical monuments. Therefore, this is a consistent subordination of subordinate clauses. In another sentence He saw the owner scolding his cat for catching a chicken the main clause is located outside the subordinate clauses.

Examples of sequential subordination of subordinate clauses

Sequential subordination of subordinate parts is used as in colloquial speech as well as in writing. Such sentences are found in fiction. For example, A.S. Pushkin: Natalya Gavrilovna was famous at the assemblies as the best dancer, which was ... the reason for the misconduct of Korsakov, who came the next day to apologize to Gavrilo Afanasyevich; at L.N. Tolstoy: He remembered how once he thought that his husband had found out, and was preparing for a duel ... in which he intended to shoot in the air; from I.A. Bunin: And when I looked up, it again seemed to me ... that this silence is a mystery, a part of what is beyond the cognizable.

Only in the third quarter, ninth-graders get acquainted with the topic “Types of subordination of subordinate parts in a complex sentence”, but they are preparing for the exam from the beginning of the school year.

Let's try to deal with task 13 in the test part of the OGE. For observation, let us turn to the story of A.P. Chekhov "Dear Lessons"

Recall the wording of this task: “Among the sentences ___ find a complex sentence cuniform submission. Write the number of this offer. Instead of words in bold style, there may be such words: " with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination" or " with sequential submission».

Decide on symbols, which will help us in analyzing the structure of a complex sentence (abbreviated SPP). To highlight the main part, we use square brackets, for the subordinate clause - round brackets (). We will draw up both linear and vertical supply schemes.

First, let's practice drawing up NGN diagrams with one subordinate part. Please note that the position of the subordinate clause can be different: preposition, interposition and postposition. Prefixes in the word "position" already contain an indication of the place of the subordinate clause in the sentence.

Consider examples.

1. Preposition adverbial adverbial goal: (To breathe easier) 1, [he always works in a nightgown] 2.

2. Interposition of adverbial adverbial time: [The next day in the evening, (when the clock showed five minutes to seven) 2, Alisa Osipovna came] 1.

3. Postposition of the adverbial adverbial tense: [Vorotov felt this strongly] 1, (when, having left the university with a candidate's degree, he took up a small scientific work) 2.

In the first example, we found the clause at the beginning of the sentence, in the second - in the middle, in the third - at the end of the SPP.

Let us explain that complex sentences there may be different cases of complications in the text, and if you do not recognize them, you can get confused, so we will explain these complications in each example. So, in the third sentence, the subordinate clause is complicated by a separate circumstance, expressed participle turnover(abbreviated to).

Determine if there is next three examples of any type of complications. What is the position of the adjective in them?

2) Her facial expression was cold, businesslike, like that of a person who came to talk about money.

3) If this strange proposal had been made by a minor, then, probably, she would have been angry and shouted.

You should have noticed that in the first two sentences the clause is in postposition, but in the last example it is in preposition.

So, let's check our observation.

2. [The expression on her face was cold business, like a person] 1 , (who came to talk about money) 2 .

3. (If this strange proposal was made by a minor) 1, [then, probably, she would be angry and shouted] 2 .

Line diagrams are very convenient.

Now let's find out what types of complications we encountered here. The first sentence has standalone application, expressed by a proper name, and homogeneous predicates. In the second, an isolated circumstance expressed by a comparative turnover, and homogeneous definitions are in the main part. And, finally, in the third sentence there is an introductory word and homogeneous predicates in the main part.

We will not introduce all these complications into the schemes, since only homogeneous predicates play the main role in the structure of the NGN, and yet we will keep them in mind.

Now let's get acquainted with the types of subordination in NGN, which have several subordinate parts.

It is difficult to say exactly which type is more common, most likely, various combinations and mixed cases are possible, when several types of submission can be in one NGN. But you will not find such examples on the exam.

Let's analyze the proposal:

And he also asked her if she wanted tea or coffee, if the weather was good outside.

In this sentence, from the main part to two explanatory subordinate clauses, we ask the same question "about what?"

[And he also asked her] 1 , (does she want to tea or coffee) 2 , (is the weather good outside) 3 .

To compare the two types of schemes, we offer both: linear and vertical.

NGN SCHEMES with homogeneous subordination:

This way of submission is called homogeneous. If there were more than two subordinate parts with a similar structure, then one of the unions LI would be omitted to avoid repetition. But restoring it is very easy.

Consider another suggestion:

Now we find the main and subordinate parts, draw up diagrams.

[On one winter afternoon, (when Vorotov sat in my office and worked) 2 , the footman reported] 1 , (that some young lady asked him) 3 .

NGN SCHEMES with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination:

Here, from the main part, we ask two different questions: the lackey reported "when?" and "about what?". The accessory parts are no longer homogeneous, they have different meaning: one of them is adverbial tense, the other is explanatory. This method is called parallel.

Now let's look at the last example.

Only once did a look of bewilderment flickered across her face when she learned that she had been invited to teach not children, but an adult, fat person.

We come to the conclusion that the adnexal parts also answer different questions: there was a flash of bewilderment "when?", she found out "about what?". We ask these questions not from the main part, but sequentially: from the first subordinate to the second subordinate part.

[Just once, a look of bewilderment flashed across her face] 1 , (when she found out) 2 , (that she was invited to teach not children, a adult, fat man) 3 .

NGN SCHEMES with serial subordination:

This way of subordination is called sequential.

For self-examination, we offer five suggestions. Please note that you may encounter a mixed type of submission if there are more than two subordinate parts.

Self test

1) Alisa Osipovna, with a cold, businesslike expression, answered him that she had completed her course at a private boarding school and had the rights of a home teacher, that her father had recently died of scarlet fever, her mother was alive and was making flowers ...

2) She apologized and said that she could only study for half an hour, as she would go straight to the ball from the lesson.

3) And Vorotov, looking at her embarrassment, realized how dear the ruble was for her and how hard it would be for her to lose this income.

4) She, apparently, did not want her gentlemen to know that she had students and that she gave lessons out of need.

Clue!

Here, unions are highlighted in color, and all complications are in italics:

1. [Alisa Osipovna with cold business answered him with an expression] 1, (that she finished the course in a private boarding school) 2 and (has the rights of a home teacher) 3, (that her father had recently died of scarlet fever) 4, (mother is alive ) 5 and (makes flowers) 6...

2. [She apologized and said] 1 , (which can only be done for half an hour) 2 , (since the lesson will go straight to the ball) 3 .

3. [And Vorotov, looking at her embarrassment, understood] 1, (how dear the ruble was for her) 2 and (how hard it would be for her to lose this income) 3 .

4. [Hey, apparently, didn’t want] 1, (for her gentlemen to know) 2, (that she has students) 3 and (that she gives lessons out of need) 4 .

Now let's read the whole story in full.

A.P. Chekhov

Dear Lessons

For an educated person, ignorance of languages ​​is a great inconvenience. Vorotov felt this strongly when, having left the university with a Ph.D., he took up a small scientific work.

This is terrible! - he said breathlessly (despite his twenty-six years, he is plump, heavy and suffers from shortness of breath). - This is terrible! Without tongues I am like a bird without wings. Just quit your job.

And he decided at all costs to overcome his innate laziness and learn French and German languages and started looking for teachers.

One winter afternoon, when Vorotov was sitting in his office and working, the footman reported that some young lady was asking him.

Ask, - said Vorotov.

And a young, in the latest fashion, elegantly dressed young lady entered the office. She introduced herself as a teacher French, Alisa Osipovna Anket, and said that one of his friends sent her to Vorotov.

Very nice! Sit down! - said Vorotov, panting and covering the collar of his nightgown with his palm. (To breathe easier, he always works in a nightgown.) - Pyotr Sergeyevich sent you to me? Yes, yes... I asked him... Very happy!

Negotiating with m-lle Annette, he looked at her shyly and with curiosity. She was a real, very elegant Frenchwoman, still very young. On the face, pale and languid, on the short curly hair and with an unnaturally thin waist, she could have been given no more than 18 years; glancing at her broad, well-developed shoulders, beautiful back and stern eyes, Vorotov thought that she must be at least 23 years old, perhaps even all 25; but then again it began to seem that she was only 18. Her expression was cold, business-like, like that of a person who came to talk about money. She never smiled, did not frown, and only once did a flash of bewilderment flash across her face when she learned that she had been invited to teach not children, but an adult, fat person.

So, Alisa Osipovna, - Vorotov told her, - we will study daily from seven to eight in the evening. As for your desire to receive a ruble per lesson, I have nothing to object to. For the ruble - so for the ruble ...

And he also asked her if she wanted tea or coffee, if the weather was good outside, and, smiling good-naturedly, stroking the cloth on the table with his palm, he amiably inquired who she was, where she finished her course and how she lives.

Alisa Osipovna, with a cold, business-like expression, answered him that she had completed her course at a private boarding school and had the rights of a home teacher, that her father had recently died of scarlet fever, that her mother was alive and making flowers, that she, m lle Anket, studied at a private school until lunchtime. boarding house, and after dinner, until the evening, walks along good houses and gives lessons.

She left, leaving behind a light, very delicate smell of a woman's dress. Vorotov did not work for a long time afterwards, but sitting at the table, stroking the green cloth with his palms and meditating.

"It's very nice to see girls earning a piece of bread for themselves," he thought. - On the other hand, it is very unpleasant to see that need does not spare even such graceful and pretty girls as this Alisa Osipovna, and she also has to fight for existence. Trouble!.. "

He, who had never seen virtuous French women, also thought that this elegantly dressed Alisa Osipovna, with well-developed shoulders and an exaggeratedly thin waist, in all probability, was doing something else besides lessons.

The next day in the evening, when the clock showed five minutes to seven, Alisa Osipovna came in, pink from the cold; she opened the Margot she had brought with her and began without preamble:

French grammar has twenty-six letters. The first letter is A, the second B...

Guilty, ”Vorotov interrupted her, smiling. “I must warn you, mademoiselle, that for me personally you will have to change your method somewhat. The fact is that I know Russian, Latin and Greek... studied comparative linguistics, and, it seems to me, we can, bypassing Margot, directly start reading some author.

And he explained to the Frenchwoman how adults learn languages.

One of my acquaintances, he said, wanting to learn new languages, put the French, German and Latin gospels in front of him, read them in parallel, and painstakingly analyzed each word, and so what? He achieved his goal in less than one year. We will do so too. Let's take some author and we will read.

The Frenchwoman looked at him in bewilderment. Apparently, Vorotov's proposal seemed to her very naive and absurd. If this strange proposal had been made by a minor, she would probably have been angry and shouted, but since there was an adult and very fat person here, at whom it was impossible to shout, she only shrugged her shoulders barely perceptibly and said:

As you wish.

Vorotov rummaged through his bookcase and pulled out a tattered French book.

Is it good? - he asked.

Does not matter.

In that case, let's get started. God bless. Let's start with the title... Memoires.

Memories, - m-lle Anket translated.

Memories... repeated Vorotov. Smiling good-naturedly and breathing heavily, he fiddled with the word memoires for a quarter of an hour and the same with the word de, and this tired Alisa Osipovna. She answered questions languidly, confused, and apparently did not understand her student well and did not try to understand. Vorotov offered her questions, while he himself looked at her blond head and thought: “Her hair is not naturally curly, it curls. Marvelous! He works from morning to night and still manages to curl.

Exactly at eight o'clock she got up and, saying a dry, cold "au revoir, monsieur" (goodbye, sir - fr.), went out of the office, and all that remained after her was that delicate, delicate, exciting smell. The student again did nothing for a long time, sat at the table and thought.

In the days that followed, he became convinced that his teacher, the young lady, was sweet, serious and tidy, but that she was very uneducated and did not know how to teach adults; and he decided not to waste time, to part with her and invite another teacher. When she came for the seventh time, he took out an envelope with seven rubles from his pocket and, holding it in his hands, became very embarrassed and began like this:

Excuse me, Alisa Osipovna, but I must tell you... I have been placed in a dire need...

Glancing at the envelope, the Frenchwoman guessed what was the matter, and for the first time in all the lessons her face trembled, and the cold, businesslike expression disappeared. She blushed slightly and, lowering her eyes, began nervously fingering her thin skin. gold chain. And Vorotov, looking at her embarrassment, realized how dear the ruble was to her and how hard it would be for her to lose this income.

I have to tell you ... - he muttered, even more embarrassed, and something sank in his chest; he hurriedly thrust the envelope into his pocket and continued:

Excuse me, I... I'll leave you for ten minutes...

And pretending that he did not want to refuse her at all, but only asked permission to leave her for a while, he went into another room and sat there for ten minutes. And then came back even more confused; he realized that this departure of his a short time she could explain in her own way, and he was embarrassed.

The lessons started again.

Vorotov worked without any desire. Knowing that nothing would come of the lessons, he gave the Frenchwoman full rein, did not ask her about anything and did not interrupt. She translated as she liked, ten pages in one lesson, but he did not listen, he was breathing heavily, and, having nothing to do, examined either her curly head, then her neck, then her delicate white hands, inhaled the smell of her dress ...

He would catch himself thinking bad thoughts, and he would feel ashamed, or else he would be touched, and then he would feel chagrin and annoyance because she treated him so coldly, businesslike, as with a student, without smiling and as if afraid that he would touch her. to her by accident. He kept thinking: how to inspire confidence in her, get to know her better, then help her, let her know how badly she teaches, poor thing.

Alisa Osipovna once came to a lesson in a smart pink dress, with a small neckline, and such a fragrance came from her that it seemed as if she was shrouded in a cloud, as if one had only to blow on her, she would fly or dissipate like smoke. She apologized and said that she could only study for half an hour, as she would go straight from class to the ball.

He looked at her neck and at her back, bare near the neck, and seemed to understand why it was French women who enjoyed the reputation of frivolous and easily falling creatures; he was drowning in this cloud of aromas, beauty, nakedness, and she, not knowing his thoughts and probably not at all interested in them, quickly turned over the pages and translated at full speed:

- "He walked in the street and met the gentleman of his acquaintance and said:" Where are you rushing, seeing your face so pale, it hurts me.

The Memoires had long been finished, and now Alice was translating some other book. Once she came to the lesson an hour earlier, apologizing for the fact that at seven o'clock she had to go to the Maly Theater. After seeing her off after class, Vorotov got dressed and also went to the theatre. He went, as it seemed to him, only to rest, to have fun, and he had no thoughts about Alice. He could not allow a serious person, preparing for a scientific career, hard on his feet, to give up business and go to the theater only to meet there with an unfamiliar, not smart, little intelligent girl ...

But for some reason, during the intermissions, his heart was beating, he, without noticing it, how the boy ran along the foyer and along the corridors, impatiently looking for someone; and he grew bored when the intermission was over; and when he saw the familiar pink dress and beautiful shoulders under the tulle, his heart sank, as if from a premonition of happiness, he smiled joyfully and for the first time in his life experienced a jealous feeling.

Alice was walking with some two ugly students and an officer. She laughed, spoke loudly, evidently flirted; Vorotov had never seen her like this. Obviously, she was happy, satisfied, sincere, warm. From what? Why? Because, perhaps, these people were close to her, from the same circle as she... And Vorotov felt a terrible gulf between himself and this circle. He bowed to his teacher, but she nodded coldly to him and quickly passed by; she, apparently, did not want her gentlemen to know that she had students and that she gave lessons out of need.

After the meeting at the theater, Vorotov realized that he was in love... During the next lessons, devouring his graceful teacher with his eyes, he no longer struggled with himself, but gave full play to his pure and impure thoughts. Alisa Osipovna's face did not cease to be cold, at exactly eight o'clock every evening she calmly said "au revoir, monsieur", and he felt that she was indifferent to him and would be indifferent and that his position was hopeless.

Sometimes, in the middle of a lesson, he began to dream, hope, make plans, mentally compose a love explanation, recall that French women are frivolous and malleable, but all he had to do was look at the teacher’s face for his thoughts to instantly go out, like a candle goes out when it’s windy in the country take it out to the terrace. Once he, drunk, forgetting, as if in delirium, could not stand it and, blocking her way, when she went out of the office into the hall after the lesson, gasping and stuttering, began to declare his love:

You are dear to me! I... I love you! Let me speak!

And Alice turned pale - probably from fear, realizing that after this explanation it would no longer be possible for her to come here and receive a ruble for a lesson; she made frightened eyes and whispered loudly:

Oh, it's impossible! Don't speak, please! It is forbidden!

And then Vorotov did not sleep all night, was tormented by shame, scolded himself, thought hard. It seemed to him that with his explanation he had offended the girl, that she would no longer come to him.

He decided to find out her address in the address table in the morning and write her an apology letter. But Alice came without a letter. For the first minute she felt awkward, but then she opened the book and began to translate quickly and glibly, as always:

"Oh, young master, don't tear those flowers in my garden that I want to give to my sick daughter..."

She walks until today. Four books have already been translated, but Vorotov knows nothing but the word "memoires", and when asked about his scientific work, he waves his hand and, without answering the question, starts talking about the weather.

Polynomial complex sentences (with several subordinate clauses)

Punctuation marks in complex sentences

Plan

1. Polynomial NGN with clauses related to one main:

a) homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses;

b) heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

2. Polynomial SPP with sequential subordination.

3. Punctuation marks in NGN.

4. Parsing polynomial SPP.

Literature

1. Valgina N.S Syntax of the modern Russian language: [Textbook. for universities on special "Journalism"] / N.S. Valgin. – M.: graduate School, 1991. - 431 p.

2. Beloshapkova V.A. Modern Russian language: Syntax / V.A. Beloshapkova, V.N. Belousov, E.A. Bryzgunov. – M.: Azbukovnik, 2002. – 295 p.

3. Pospelov N.S. Complex sentence and its structural types / N.S. Pospelov // Questions of linguistics. - 1959. - No. 2. – pp. 19-27

Complex sentences may have not one, but several subordinate clauses.

Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses are two main types:

1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main sentence (homogeneous and heterogeneous, that is, parallel subordination);

2) the first subordinate clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first subordinate clause, etc. (successive subordination).

I. Clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous and heterogeneous.

Complex sentences with homogeneous subordination adnexal.

With this subordination, all subordinate clauses refer to one word in the main part or to the entire main clause, answer the same question and belong to the same type of subordinate clauses. Between themselves, homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected by coordinating unions or union-free (only with the help of intonation). The connections of homogeneous clauses with the main clause and between themselves resemble the connections of homogeneous members of the sentence.

For example:

[I came to you with greetings tell what?], (that the sun has risen), (that it trembled with hot light on the sheets). (A. Fet.)

[That , (who lives the real life), (who has been accustomed to poetry since childhood),forever believes in the life-giving, full of reason Russian language]. (N. Zabolotsky.)

[At the end of May, the young bear was drawn to her relatives. places which? ], ( where she was born) and ( where the months of childhood were so memorable).

In a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination, the second subordinate clause may not have a subordinating conjunction.

For example: ( If there is water) and ( there won't be any fish in it), [I don't trust water]. (M. Prishvin.) [ Let's shudder], (if suddenly a bird flies) or ( elk trumpets in the distance). (Yu. Drunina.)

2. Complex sentences with heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses (or with parallel subordination). With such subordination, the subordinate clauses include:

a) to different words of the main sentence, or one part to the whole main, and the other to one of its words;

b) to one word or to the whole main sentence, but they answer different questions and are different types adjunctive proposals.

For example: ( When in my arms A new book ), [I feel], (that something living, speaking, wonderful came into my life). (M. Gorky.)

(If we turn to the best examples prose), [then we will make sure], (that they are full of genuine poetry). (K. Paustovsky.)

[From the world (which is called children's), door leading to space], (where they dine and drink tea) (Chekhov).

II. Complex sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

This type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which the clauses form a chain: the first clause refers to the main clause (subordinate clause of the 1st degree), the second clause refers to the clause of the 1st degree (subordinate clause of the 2nd degree) etc.

For example: [ Young Cossacks rode vaguely and held back tears], (because they were afraid of their father), (who was also somewhat embarrassed), (though I tried not to show it). (N. Gogol)

The specificity of the subordinate parts in this case is that each of them is subordinate in relation to the previous one and main in relation to the next one.

For example: Often in autumn I would closely watch falling leaves to catch that imperceptible split second when a leaf separates from a branch and begins to fall to the ground.(Paustovsky).

With sequential subordination, one subordinate clause can be inside another; in this case, there may be two subordinating unions nearby: what and if, what and when, what and since, etc.

For example: [ The water crashed so scary], (what, (when the soldiers ran below), raging streams were already flying after them) (M. Bulgakov).

There are also compound sentences with combined type subordination of subordinate clauses.

For example: ( When the chaise left the yard), [he (Chichikov) looked back and saw], (that Sobakevich was still standing on the porch and, as it seemed, was peering, wanting to know), (where the guest will go). (Gogol)

This is a complex sentence with parallel and sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

Connecting sentences using subordinating conjunctions or allied (relative) words. Makar did not even notice before that it seemed to be getting light on the plain (Korolenko).

Since they are different, then this parallel subordination. From one sentence questions are raised to subordinate clauses or from different ones? Among sentences 712, find a COMPLEX SUBJECT SENTENCE with homogeneous subordinate clauses (7) The artist, who stepped on the stage, becomes a working tool himself. Among sentences 6 7 find a complex sentence with a serial connection. Find a SPP with successive subordination of subordinate clauses 1. The whole difficulty lies in the fact that the grain appears and that it falls into favorable conditions.

Complex sentence

NGN is a sentence, the parts of which are connected by subordinating unions. Subordinating unions - what, because, if, although, to, how, when, in order to, as well as many others. NGN with a comma at the junction of 2 unions has a consistent subordination. We always give a question from the main clause to the subordinate clause. 3. The subordinate clause is always separated from the main one by commas.

Combined submission. Homogeneous subordinate clauses, like homogeneous members, have same value, answer the same question and depend on one word in the main clause. It should be borne in mind that with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, it is possible to skip the union or allied in the second (third) clause.

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive). 2. Indicate the type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

Complex sentences of a complicated structure

Much more often in the texts there are sentences of three or more parts in which several subordinate clauses are used. The arrows show where exactly we ask the question to the subordinate clause (from the end of the previous part, from the beginning or from the middle). It can be seen from this diagram that the second part breaks the first one, since the question is asked from the middle of the main sentence. AT this example the homogeneity of the parts is established simply: between them is the union AND, while in both parts the union HOW is repeated. Pay attention to punctuation with homogeneous clauses. In previous sentences, subordinate clauses were joined using the same unions.

And on this day, when the count had already left, Alexander tried to seize a moment to talk with Nadenka alone (A. Goncharov). After saying hello, dad said that he would beat us back in the village, that we had ceased to be small and that it was time for us to study seriously (L.N. Tolstoy).

It consists of three ordinary sentences: the first is the main one, the others are additional clauses. In this sentence there is a combination of subordinating conjunctions at the junction of sentences 2 and 3 (which is in that case). In addition, the coordinating alliance a, which refers to sentence 6, comes before sentence 5, forming a combination of conjunctions with a subordinating conjunction in that case (and in that case). By general rules they must share commas, but then the 2nd part of the double union follows in that case ... What are the rules for punctuation in a complex sentence? What are the conditions for the inevitable dismemberment of a compound union in a complex sentence? Where can I find exercises on the topic "Complex Subordinate Sentences"?

Read the sentence carefully, mark the grammatical foundations in it and indicate the boundaries predicative parts (simple sentences). Establish semantic connections between the parts: to do this, first find the main one, then ask a question (s) from it to the subordinate (s). 2. The sentence consists of five parts, connected by a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. 13. Analyze complex polynomial sentences with a subordinate connection. Trying to instill a love for complex sentences and children. I say that you can give one sentence for analysis and understand how well the student knows Syntax.

First, let's practice drawing up NGN diagrams with one subordinate part. Prefixes in the word "position" already contain an indication of the place of the subordinate clause in the sentence. Let us clarify that complex sentences in the text can have various complications, and if you do not recognize them, you can get confused, so we will explain these complications in each example. If there were more than two subordinate parts with a similar structure, then one of the unions LI would be omitted to avoid repetition. Why? Because, perhaps, these people were close to her, from the same circle as she... And Vorotov felt a terrible gulf between himself and this circle. Four books have already been translated, but Vorotov knows nothing but the word "memoires", and when asked about his scientific work, he waves his hand and, without answering the question, starts talking about the weather.

You will learn about all this in the lesson. Exercises, tests and simulators must be performed not only in order to master the topic, but also as a means of repeating the "Complex sentence" section. We ask a question from the main part: sad to think about what? that youth was given to us in vain. 1st subordinate clause - explanatory. One more question from the main one: what kind of thirst? which burns me - the relative attributive. But we are already asking the question from the subordinate measure and degree. We ask questions: which one? who in his youth did not bind himself with strong ties to an external and wonderful deed, or at least to honest and useful work - an adjective pronoun. The next question: can he consider his youth completely lost no matter what? no matter how fun it was - a subordinate concession.

Among complex sentences with several subordinate clauses in structure, complex sentences are distinguished

• with consistent submission
• with uniform subordination
• with parallel submission.

Subordination is when two or more subordinate clauses are subordinate to one main clause.

• With uniform submission subordinate parts not only explain the main part, but are also subordinate clauses of the same type.

With homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, commas are placed in the same way as with homogeneous members suggestions. If homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by repeating unions, then a comma is placed between them, and not put if the unions are non-repeating.

• When in complex sentences different clauses belong to the same member of the main part or in which the same clauses explain different words in the main part, are sentences with parallel submission.

Example: A person, when he is excessively tired, it seems that he will oversleep for who knows how long.

• Sequential submission- this is a sequence of subordinate clauses, in which each subsequent clause is associated with the previous clause, and only the first clause is associated with the main clause.

With the successive subordination of the subordinate clauses, unions may appear what and if, what and when, etc. A comma is placed between the unions, if there is no further second part of the union, then or so, for example: He warned that if the fire is not put out now, the flame will spread to roof. It is acceptable that there is no subordinating conjunction before the second subordinate clause.

Combined submission are different combinations subordination in one complex sentence.

Types of subordinate parts in a complex sentence

• defining

Refers to a noun or to a noun phrase with the demonstrative words that, such. Answers the question what?

• pronominal-defining

Refers to the pronouns that, each, everyone; everything, such, such. Answers the questions; who? which? what?

• explanatory

Refers to a verb of thought, speech, perception, or a noun in combination with the demonstrative word that. Answers case questions.

• Connecting

Applies to the entire main body.

• Concessionary

Relates to the entire main part

Punctuation rules

If in incomplete subordinate clause there is one allied word, then it is not separated from the main comma, for example: I want to help you, but I don't know how.

If the subordinate clause at the end of a complex sentence is an indirect question, the question mark is not put (unless, of course, the main thing is interrogative), for example: Specify which of the definitions are isolated.

A comma is not put if homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by connecting or divisive unions, for example: As someone sentenced to death and confident in the impossibility of pardon.