Volcano layout. Master class with step by step photo

All children are curious, many of them are interested in a variety of natural phenomena. Any child wants to know what a tsunami, or tornado looks like. All of these can be used as ideas for creativity and home learning. How to make a real volcano at home? It is not at all difficult to build an eruption model with your own hands from improvised materials.

Volcanoes - what is it?

Recall that under the solid crust is magma - molten rock that can solidify, seep to the surface through thin cracks or erupt through large holes. In the latter case, we are talking about volcanoes. Most often, these are mountains located at the junctions of continental plates. But sometimes volcanoes can appear in a relatively short period of time in an area with almost flat relief. Most often, lava-spewing mountains are depicted as quite high and having correct form. But in fact, volcanoes are different, including low ones, they can visually resemble small hills. At the time of the eruption, magma and gases under significant pressure come to the surface of the earth. Explosions often occur at this moment, and some volcanoes gush with red-hot lava, like geysers.

We make a blank for the "fiery mountain" with our own hands

"How to make a volcano model at home?" - a popular question of parents who decide to spend an interesting creative activity with their children. To make this craft, you will need: cardboard or a plastic bottle, paper or gypsum plaster, paints and some auxiliary tools that can be found in every home.

Prepare some kind of basis for creating crafts. It can be a piece of plastic, such as a lid from a food tray, or other dense material - plywood, cardboard. trim upper part bottles, this will be a volcano, respectively, and leave the height for it at your discretion. Alternative option- make a base from a cardboard cone right size. Attention: if your volcano is an active model that will erupt more than once, the base must be an airtight container. Glue the cut-off part of the bottle tightly to the plastic base using waterproof glue or sealant. You can cut off the bottom and top of the container and insert them into each other.

Volcano decor

The workpiece should be a kind of cone or cylinder with a narrow top on a stand. Once this design is dry, it's time to start decorating it. To decorate the slopes of the mountain, take decorative plaster or prepare paper pulp from which you can create papier-mâché. In the second case, it is better to take white napkins, paper towels or toilet paper. Grind the raw material, after wetting it, with a mixer and add a little PVA glue. In this case, the mass will be homogeneous and will be easy to apply.

How to make a do-it-yourself volcano model from an existing blank? Everything is very simple. Cover a cardboard cone or part of a plastic bottle with your chosen sculpting material. Form the likeness of a mountain - with an extension at the foot and a sharp top. Don't forget to leave a crater hole at the top. Your volcano will look much more interesting if you make the surface ribbed, covered with a network of channels through which lava will flow picturesquely. When modeling is completed, dry the workpiece well. After that, you can start coloring it. If you are using non-waterproof paints, you can additionally cover the craft with a clear varnish. That's all - the volcano (model) is ready, if you wish, work on the surrounding landscape. If the size of the stand allows, make trees, draw grass or sand, you can add figures of people and animals.

A simple plasticine craft

If the method of making a homemade “fire mountain” described above seems too laborious for you, try making it using a simpler technique. A small volcano can be molded from plasticine. Take brown modeling material or mix all the sticks in the kit until you get a uniform "dirty" shade. Blind a cone with a hole on top, outline the relief if desired. If your volcano is an active model and is being made to perform an "eruption", stick it on a modeling board or a plastic panel/tray from a food package. Try to make the connection airtight. Additionally, you can decorate the craft with red plasticine, depicting frozen lava on the slopes of the mountain.

The eruption begins!

Most often, a "volcano" is made to carry out a home "eruption". Do not be afraid, this experiment is completely safe. Take a small amount baking soda, dye suitable shade and a drop of dishwashing detergent (can be replaced with a couple of pinches washing powder). Mix all the ingredients and place them inside the mountain (take care of a special recess in advance). In order for hot lava with foam to rise from the crater of the volcano, you just need to drop quite a bit of vinegar inside. Such an interesting experiment will amaze kids and surprise schoolchildren. The model will help not only to interest children, but also to tell them in an interesting way about the interaction of soda and vinegar.

Fun or fun chemistry?

Making such a craft, even with the smallest children, should be combined with training. Tell us about volcanoes and their formation, give interesting historical facts. Similar homework will surely be remembered better than subsequent chemistry lessons. When conducting the "eruption" also try to explain that with the help of home we only imitate the real a natural phenomenon. The reaction itself deserves special consideration. Invite the child to think and describe the interaction of two substances. It is also useful to draw a conclusion with a chemical explanation of the experiment.

Sectional volcano model: how to make?

In addition to making crafts depicting general form fiery mountain, at home it is not difficult to make another training layout. It's about about the model of the volcano in the section - respectively, its half with a demonstration of the inner layers. What is the mountain, spewing lava and ashes, made of? A volcano is a combination of different rocks, respectively, layers can be made in different colors: from yellow to dark brown. Do not forget to mark the crater at the top and from it to the very bottom lay a channel through which the lava rises. It is most convenient to make such a model of a plasticine volcano. Your layout can be three-dimensional (mountain cut in half) or flat. Use materials of different colors and combine layers in correct sequence. If you are doing a flat layout, you can additionally show how the magma rises to earth's crust and finds a way out to the surface through the crater of the volcano.

You can watch a volcano erupt at home not only on TV. With the help of a small chemical experiment, you will arrange a real eruption on a fabulous island.

From this article you will learn

Everything that's needed

It takes a little experience household chemicals and decorative elements to create an island. An island with a volcano can be made from natural materials or use dinosaur sensory box sets.

Model of the volcano is molded from plasticine. The creation of a fabulous volcanic island for the experience is the main part of it and serves to develop the child's imagination and creativity. Such activities will help instill a love of chemistry and geography. Fine motor skills of the fingers, the child will develop during the manufacture of plasticine terrain and its inhabitants.

To make an island you need:

cardboard;
stapler or narrow tape;
box with colored plasticine;
small animal toys;
multi-colored pebbles;
big plastic box or a bowl in which the island will stand;
glass or plastic container with a volume of 200 ml for the vent of the volcano.

For the experiment you will need:

soda 20 g;
food coloring:
vinegar 9%;
dish detergent 25 ml;
water 100 ml.

Usually the experience happens until mom runs out of all the baking soda and all the vinegar, so please be patient.

Children cannot conduct experiments on their own without adults. If vinegar gets into the eyes or mouth of a child, a burn of the mucous membranes may occur, and if swallowed, a burn of the esophagus.

Making a fabulous island

You can build an island in a large plastic container. Pour real water, lay out the bottom with round pebbles. Make a container for a volcano from a jar for baby food or an old glass. For the mountain, inside which the container will stand, you need to make a cardboard layout, his child will be happy to cover it with plasticine.

The sequence of making a volcanic mountain:

cut out a circle of the desired diameter from thick cardboard;
make an incision from the edge to the center of the circle;
roll up the cone;
the edges of the cone are fastened with a stapler or tape;
cut off the upper part of the cone at a height equal to the capacity chosen for the volcano;
place the container inside the cone.

From above, I coat the mountain with plasticine. To do this, roll out small plasticine cakes. Brown and stick to the paper cone, completely covering the cardboard. The top of the volcano can be made of red plasticine, which will imitate red-hot lava.

They set up a volcanic mountain on a dry island of pebbles. They sit around small rubber animals that are among children's toys. Colorful amazing dinosaurs or wolves, foxes, bunnies, bears and other inhabitants of the forest and jungle. Depending on which animals were planted, vegetation is selected for the island. Large tree ferns and horsetails for dinosaurs, and ordinary Christmas trees and birches for bunnies and foxes.

Plastic plants are also often sold in children's play sets. You can use a leaf of a live fern and twigs of plants if it's summer outside. Plants can also be molded from plasticine, made from threads and beads or ordinary cardboard.

Can be made from cardboard small houses, for plastic Indians and soldiers. It is better to use cardboard for making plants and houses when the island is in a container with blue-colored sand instead of water or on a blue plasticine sea.

Conducting an experiment

Finally the island is ready. All toy animals and people froze in anticipation of an interesting event - a volcanic eruption. They know that the volcano is not real and therefore they are not afraid of it.

To conduct the experiment, pour a tablespoon of soda into the jar-vent of the volcano. Add a tablespoon of dish detergent. red food coloring or orange color dissolved in 100 milligrams of water and poured into soda and detergent. The basis for the experiment is ready, it remains to add vinegar. Mom, you can let the child pour vinegar into the volcano on his own, under her supervision, so that he does not do it in her absence. It is better to repeat the experiment for an encore, pouring vinegar into the “vent” of the volcano and pouring soda into it, while the child is interested and asks to repeat the experiment.

When vinegar is added, the soda will begin to foam, erupting from the "vent of the volcano" like red or orange lava. Detergent will allow the “lava” to foam longer and more abundantly, overflowing from the vent and flooding the surroundings along with plants and animals that were inadvertently placed too close.

Afterword

The safest way to do a volcano experiment for young children is with baking soda and vinegar. It can be repeated many times, and get necessary materials experience is not difficult.

The most interesting thing in the experience is the creation of your own fairy-tale island with the child, which can be used not only for the Volcano chemical experiment, but also for an exciting game.

With older children, you can conduct the Volcano experiment at home using
, potassium permanganate and glycerin. For the experiment, ammonium dichromate is poured into an evaporating bowl in the form of a slide, in the middle of which a depression is made. Add a little potassium permanganate and a few drops of glycerin to the recess.

After a few minutes, due to the interaction of potassium permanganate and glycerol, ammonium dichromate will ignite. Sparks will be thrown from the volcano in all directions, and a fountain of fire will begin to erupt. Before starting the experiment, the bowl must be placed on the foil so as not to burn the surface on which the experiment will take place.

Ammonium dichromate can simply be set on fire, and it will burn like a volcano, spewing sparks. The experience is exciting, but without the presence of adults, children should not be allowed to do it. Burns can be caused not only by sparks, but also by the chemicals used.

Good luck with your experiments!

Helpful Hints

Children are always trying to find out something new every day and they always have a lot of questions.

They can explain some phenomena, or you can show how this or that thing, this or that phenomenon works.

In these experiments, children not only learn something new, but also learn create differentcrafts with which they can play further.

1. Experiments for children: lemon volcano

You will need:

2 lemons (for 1 volcano)

Baking soda

Food coloring or watercolors

Dishwashing liquid

Wooden stick or spoon (optional)

1. Cut off the bottom of the lemon so it can be placed on a flat surface.

2. On the reverse side, cut a piece of lemon as shown in the image.

* You can cut half a lemon and make an open volcano.

3. Take the second lemon, cut it in half and squeeze the juice out of it into a cup. This will be the backup lemon juice.

4. Place the first lemon (with the part cut out) on the tray and spoon "remember" the lemon inside to squeeze out some of the juice. It is important that the juice is inside the lemon.

5. Add food coloring or watercolor to the inside of the lemon, but do not stir.

6. Pour dishwashing liquid inside the lemon.

7. Add a full tablespoon of baking soda to the lemon. The reaction will start. With a stick or spoon, you can stir everything inside the lemon - the volcano will begin to foam.

8. To make the reaction last longer, you can gradually add more soda, dyes, soap and reserve lemon juice.

2. Home experiments for children: electric eels from chewing worms

You will need:

2 glasses

small capacity

4-6 chewable worms

3 tablespoons of baking soda

1/2 spoon of vinegar

1 cup water

Scissors, kitchen or clerical knife.

1. With scissors or a knife, cut lengthwise (just lengthwise - this will not be easy, but be patient) of each worm into 4 (or more) parts.

* How smaller piece, all the better.

* If scissors don't want to cut properly, try washing them with soap and water.

2. Mix water and baking soda in a glass.

3. Add pieces of worms to the solution of water and soda and stir.

4. Leave the worms in the solution for 10-15 minutes.

5. Using a fork, transfer the worm pieces to a small plate.

6. Pour half a spoon of vinegar into an empty glass and start putting worms in it one by one.

* The experiment can be repeated if the worms are washed with plain water. After a few attempts, your worms will begin to dissolve, and then you will have to cut a new batch.

3. Experiments and experiments: a rainbow on paper or how light is reflected on a flat surface

You will need:

bowl of water

Clear nail polish

Small pieces of black paper.

1. Add 1-2 drops of clear nail polish to a bowl of water. See how the varnish disperses through the water.

2. Quickly (after 10 seconds) dip a piece of black paper into the bowl. Take it out and let it dry on a paper towel.

3. After the paper has dried (it happens quickly) start turning the paper and look at the rainbow that is displayed on it.

* To better see the rainbow on paper, look at it under the sun's rays.

4. Experiments at home: a rain cloud in a jar

When small drops of water accumulate in a cloud, they become heavier and heavier. As a result, they will reach such a weight that they can no longer remain in the air and will begin to fall to the ground - this is how rain appears.

This phenomenon can be shown to children with simple materials.

You will need:

Shaving foam

Food coloring.

1. Fill the jar with water.

2. Apply shaving foam on top - it will be a cloud.

3. Let the child begin to drip food coloring onto the "cloud" until it starts to "rain" - drops of food coloring begin to fall to the bottom of the jar.

During the experiment, explain this phenomenon to the child.

You will need:

warm water

Sunflower oil

4 food coloring

1. Fill the jar 3/4 full with warm water.

2. Take a bowl and mix 3-4 tablespoons of oil and a few drops of food coloring in it. AT this example 1 drop of each of 4 dyes was used - red, yellow, blue and green.

3. Stir the dyes and oil with a fork.

4. Carefully pour the mixture into a jar of warm water.

5. Watch what happens - the food coloring will begin to slowly sink through the oil into the water, after which each drop will begin to disperse and mix with other drops.

* Food coloring dissolves in water, but not in oil, because. The density of oil is less than water (which is why it "floats" on water). A drop of dye is heavier than oil, so it will begin to sink until it reaches the water, where it begins to disperse and look like a small firework.

6. Interesting experiences: ina bowl in which colors merge

You will need:

- a printout of the wheel (or you can cut out your own wheel and draw all the colors of the rainbow on it)

Elastic band or thick thread

Glue stick

Scissors

A skewer or screwdriver (to make holes in the paper wheel).

1. Choose and print the two templates you want to use.

2. Take a piece of cardboard and use a glue stick to glue one template to the cardboard.

3. Cut out the glued circle from the cardboard.

4. Glue the second template to the back of the cardboard circle.

5. Use a skewer or screwdriver to make two holes in the circle.

6. Pass the thread through the holes and tie the ends into a knot.

Now you can spin your spinning top and watch how the colors merge on the circles.

7. Experiments for children at home: jellyfish in a jar

You will need:

small transparent plastic bag

Transparent plastic bottle

Food coloring

Scissors.

1. Lay the plastic bag on a flat surface and smooth it out.

2. Cut off the bottom and handles of the bag.

3. Cut the bag lengthwise on the right and left so that you have two sheets of polyethylene. You will need one sheet.

4. Find the center of the plastic sheet and fold it like a ball to make a jellyfish head. Tie the thread around the "neck" of the jellyfish, but not too tight - you need to leave a small hole through which to pour water into the head of the jellyfish.

5. There is a head, now let's move on to the tentacles. Make cuts in the sheet - from the bottom to the head. You need about 8-10 tentacles.

6. Cut each tentacle into 3-4 smaller pieces.

7. Pour some water into the jellyfish's head, leaving room for air so the jellyfish can "float" in the bottle.

8. Fill the bottle with water and put your jellyfish in it.

9. Drop a couple of drops of blue or green food coloring.

* Close the lid tightly so that water does not spill out.

* Have the children turn the bottle over and watch the jellyfish swim in it.

8. Chemical experiments: magic crystals in a glass

You will need:

Glass cup or bowl

plastic bowl

1 cup Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) - used in bath salts

1 cup hot water

Food coloring.

1. Pour Epsom salt into a bowl and add hot water. You can add a couple of drops of food coloring to the bowl.

2. Stir the contents of the bowl for 1-2 minutes. Most of the salt granules should dissolve.

3. Pour the solution into a glass or glass and place it in the freezer for 10-15 minutes. Don't worry, the solution isn't hot enough to crack the glass.

4. After freezing, move the solution to the main compartment of the refrigerator, preferably on the top shelf and leave overnight.

The growth of crystals will be noticeable only after a few hours, but it is better to wait out the night.

This is what the crystals look like the next day. Remember that crystals are very fragile. If you touch them, they are most likely to break or crumble immediately.

9. Experiments for children (video): soap cube

10. Chemical experiments for children (video): how to make a lava lamp with your own hands

Within the framework of this article, a simple and accessible step by step guide on how to make a volcano at home. As the child develops, he asks more and more questions. It is best to give an answer to them, confirmed by a good example. And one of them will be given in the framework of this article.

Ingredients

To solve the question of how to make a plasticine volcano at home, the following components and materials are needed:

Plastic containers (you can take any bottle with a capacity of 0.5 to 2 liters).
Plasticine to create a layout (depending on its size, you may even need several packages).
Food foil.
Two glass flasks for mixing ingredients (in last resort cups can be used).
Dishwashing liquid.
Red paint.
Acetic acid.
Sand.
Syringe medical disposable.
Scissors.
The spoon.

We prepare all this in advance, so that later, in the process of conducting the experiment, there are no various hitches. Most of this list is in every housewife. What is missing - we buy.

Making a layout

The most difficult step in how to make a volcano at home is creating a layout. Here you need to turn on the imagination and properly arrange it. We use as a basis plastic bottle. It should be in the center, and symbolic lava will erupt from it.

Next, plasticine is superimposed on it in layers so that a slide is obtained. Closing the volcano crater food foil. At the same time, it is necessary to make a hole in it with the help of scissors in order to be able to mix the ingredients of the lava. At the final stage, the surface of the plasticine is covered with sand. If desired, for the naturalness of the layout, it can be painted with paint.

We mix and get the result

Now let's figure out how to do it at home. To begin with, in one of the cones, mix the paint. Then add to them. Mix the resulting solution in detail until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Pour acetic acid into the second flask. Now pour the solution from the first vessel with a spoon through a pre-prepared hole into the volcano.

After that, everything is ready for the eruption. It is enough just to fill the syringe with acetic acid and then quickly inject it into the nozzle of the volcano. In this case, a reaction will begin inside, as a result of which lava will flow through the hole made. If desired, the experiment can be done several times. To do this, it is enough to re-add

Thinking about how to make a volcano at home, do not forget that lava will flow from its mouth. Therefore, it is recommended in advance to arrange it so that nothing deteriorates (for example, on a pallet or in a bathroom). Another nuance is that the plasticine model can be repeatedly used during such experiments. Therefore, in the future, to obtain a "volcanic eruption", only soda, acetic acid, red paint and dishwashing liquid will be needed.

Summary

As part of this article, an algorithm was given on how to make a volcano at home. Most of the materials used are available for every housewife, the rest can be bought. There is nothing complicated about this, so you can conduct a bright and informative lesson with your baby. If desired, this experiment can be repeated already in the circle of his friends and use the same layout. The only thing you need is the lava imitation ingredients, which shouldn't be a problem.

Children are amazing experimenters. Their curiosity knows no bounds. And that's great! Parents should not only support the child's desire to learn more, but develop this desire, give the little mind as much food for thought as possible, teach the child to think and draw conclusions.

Experiments and experiments carried out with the child will not only give him bright unforgettable experience. It is experiments that teach a child to see the world in a special way, through the eyes of a researcher, to raise questions and find answers to them. And it’s not at all necessary to buy expensive Young Chemist kits to conduct experiments. You can use what is in every home. For example, ordinary food vinegar and soda.

If the baby has never seen the reaction of baking soda and vinegar, be sure to show him this familiar to you, but surprising for him phenomenon. This process is called a neutralization reaction. Its essence is that acid (vinegar) and alkali (soda) neutralize each other, releasing carbon dioxide.

An older child can be told that carbon dioxide is constantly present in the air. It is what we breathe out. Plants convert carbon dioxide into oxygen, which we breathe in.

We also find carbon dioxide in sparkling water: it makes the water prickly.
The release of carbon dioxide can be confirmed by the following experiment.

For the experience you need:

Small balloon, which is easily inflated: it must be inflated and deflated before the experiment;
Soda - 2 teaspoons;
Vinegar - 1/4 cup;
Water - 3 tablespoons;
Glass bottle;
Scotch.

Dissolve baking soda in water and pour the mixture into glass bottle. Keep a ball and tape handy. Pour vinegar into the bottle and quickly put a ball on the neck of the bottle. Secure the ball tightly with tape so that it does not rip off. You will see carbon dioxide begin to fill the balloon.

Children's experience with vinegar and eggshells

An interesting experiment can be done with vinegar and a raw egg. It will be especially useful for those kids who do not see the value in morning procedures and do not want to in the morning.
Take egg and put it in a jar. Pour vinegar over the egg, close the lid and leave for 4-5 days. After the due date, carefully remove the egg, wash it and give it to the child. The egg shell became soft - the acid dissolved the calcium, which provided hardness eggshell. What's wrong with brushing your teeth? The fact is that in the mouth, where the teeth are not brushed, the same acidic environment is formed as the one in which we placed the egg. And calcium, which gives strength to our teeth, so precisely, although not so quickly, dissolves in it. Therefore, if you want to have strong teeth, do not forget to brush them daily!

Children's experience - a volcano from soda and vinegar:

With the help of vinegar, soda and dye, you can show your baby a real volcanic eruption. The volcano, of course, needs to be made, but for mom it is not difficult.

We take pieces of old plasticine that was in use (you can take a new one, if you don’t mind), we divide the plasticine into two parts. From one we make the bottom of the volcano: it must be of sufficient thickness. This can be given to a child.

From the second half we sculpt a hollow cone, the upper hole of which will be the vent of the volcano. We connect both parts tightly so that the interior space is airtight.

We place our volcano on a tray, tray or large plate.

We fall asleep in a tablespoon of soda and dye. If there is no dye, you can use the juice of red beetroot, however, the lava will not be as bright.

Pour a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid into the vent. The volcano is ready to erupt. 1/4 cup of vinegar is poured into its mouth and the volcano woke up!