Fat old man and apple trees meaning. Abstract of a lesson on familiarization with fiction on the topic L

Subject: L. Tolstoy. The old man was planting apple trees. Other stories.

Target: to instill love for Russian literature on the example of the works of Leo Tolstoy.

Tasks:

1) continue to develop interest in the personality of the writer;

2) develop the ability to actively participate in the discussion of literary works;

3) continue to evaluate people's behavior from the standpoint of moral standards.

The course of directly educational activities.

I . Preparatory stage.

II . Statement of the educational task, formulation of the topic of the lesson.

III . Work on the topic of the lesson.

1) Acquaintance with the biography of the writer.

The teacher shows a portrait of Leo Tolstoy.

Look at the portrait of the writer: his high forehead speaks of intelligence, deep-set eyes - of insight, a wide beard - like a kind grandfather.

Let's get acquainted with the life of Lev Nikolaevich. The writer was born in the village of Yasnaya Polyana. What an interesting name! "Clear" - what can you imagine when pronouncing this word? (Children's answers: sun, warm, clear day.)

This means that this place was so wonderful if Tolstoy said: “Without my Yasnaya Polyana, I can hardly imagine Russia and my attitude towards it.”

The writer's father was a count, Lev did not remember his mother, he was one and a half years old when she died. All that Leo knew about his mother was the stories of other people about a good and kind woman. Mother knew four foreign languages, played the piano, drew, and was a master of telling fairy tales.

The family of Count Tolstoy had five children: four sons (Nikolai, Sergey, Dmitry, Leo) and the youngest daughter Masha. My father was engaged in farming, raising children, read a lot. He was building a library. The boys were very friendly, played together, walked, dreamed of happy life for all people.

Little Leva loved to read the works of A. Pushkin and knew many of his poems by heart. Love for Pushkin's poetry remained with him for life. He considered Pushkin his teacher when he took up writing.

After graduating from the gymnasium, Tolstoy decided to continue his education, but he entered the university only the second time, he himself was seriously engaged in preparation. After studying for several years, he left the university, independently continued to study the course of legal sciences. After that, together with his brother Nikolai, he entered military service and went to serve in the Caucasus, and then in the Crimea. He commanded an artillery battery in the most dangerous sector in the defense of the city of Sevastopol. For his valiant service he was awarded an order and two medals.

Having retired from the army, he came to Yasnaya Polyana, where he lived almost his entire life.

In Yasnaya Polyana, Tolstoy opened a school for peasant children, where he himself worked as a teacher. There were no textbooks at that time, and Tolstoy took up compiling the ABC, according to which many generations then learned to read and write. Tolstoy infinitely loved children, it was his love for "little peasants", as he called peasant children, that manifested itself in the "ABC", on which he worked for a long time and painstakingly. He himself spoke about this with excitement: “I don’t know what will come of this, but I put my whole soul into it.”

In preschool lessons, we start with the story "The old man planted apple trees."

IV . Fizkultminutka.

1) Reading the story.

The old man was planting apple trees. They told him: “Why do you need these apple trees?

Long wait for the fruit from these apple trees, and you will not eat an apple from them.

The old man said!“I won’t eat, others will eat, they will thank me”.

2) Analysis of the story.

Guys, what did the old man do?

And how can we characterize the old man, what is he like? (kind, humane, generous, gratuitous).

What does gratuitous mean? (gives something to people and does not require anything in return)

Let's slap this word syllable by syllable.

And what other good deeds can be done for other people without expecting rewards and benefits for yourself? (hold the door for the one following, clear the snow in front of the house, paint the curbs and fences at the entrance, and so on)

Educational moment:

Repetition of the cycle: apple-seed-sapling-apple tree-apple.

V . Reflection.

Tell me, what story did you meet today?

This book for family reading contains the best works of Leo Tolstoy, which for more than a century have been loved by both preschoolers and demanding teenagers.

The main characters of the stories are children, "troubled", "dexterous", and therefore close to modern boys and girls. The book teaches love - for a person and everything that surrounds him: nature, animals, native land. She is kind and bright, like all the work of a brilliant writer.

Artists Nadezhda Lukina, Irina and Alexander Chukavin.

Lev Tolstoy
All the best for children

STORIES

Filipok

There was a boy, his name was Philip.

All the boys went to school. Philip took his hat and wanted to go too. But his mother told him:

Where are you going, Filipok?

To school.

You are still small, do not go, - and his mother left him at home.

The guys went to school. Father left for the forest in the morning, mother went to day job. Filipok remained in the hut and grandmother on the stove. Filipka became bored alone, grandmother fell asleep, and he began to look for a hat. I didn’t find my own, I took my father’s old one and went to school.

The school was outside the village near the church. When Philip walked through his settlement, the dogs did not touch him, they knew him. But when he went out to other people's yards, the Beetle jumped out, barked, and behind the Beetle - big dog Top. Filipok started to run, the dogs behind him. Filipok began to scream, stumbled and fell.

A man came out, drove the dogs away and said:

Where are you, the shooter, running alone?

Filipok said nothing, picked up the floors and set off at full speed.

He ran to the school. There is no one on the porch, and in the school, you can hear the voices of the children buzzing. Fear came over Filipka: "What will the teacher drive me away?" And he began to think what to do. Back to go - again the dog will seize, to go to school - the teacher is afraid.

A woman with a bucket walked past the school and said:

Everyone is learning, and why are you standing here?

Filipok went to school. In the vestibule he took off his hat and opened the door. The school was full of kids. Everyone shouted their own, and the teacher in a red scarf walked in the middle.

What are you? he shouted at Philip.

Filipok grabbed his hat and said nothing.

Who are you?

Filipok was silent.

Or are you dumb?

Filipok was so frightened that he could not speak.

So go home if you don't want to talk.

But Filipok would be glad to say something, but his throat was dry from fear. He looked at the teacher and wept. Then the teacher felt sorry for him. He stroked his head and asked the guys who this boy was.

This is Filipok, Kostyushkin's brother, he has been asking for school for a long time, but his mother does not let him in, and he came to school furtively.

Well, sit down on the bench next to your brother, and I'll ask your mother to let you go to school.

The teacher began to show Filipok the letters, but Filipok already knew them and could read a little.

Well, put down your name.

Filipok said:

Hwe-i-hvi, le-i-li, pe-ok-pok.

Everyone laughed.

Well done, said the teacher. - Who taught you to read?

Filipok dared and said:

Kosciuszka. I'm poor, I immediately understood everything. What a dexterous passion I am!

The teacher laughed and said:

You wait to boast, but learn.

Since then, Filipok began to go to school with the guys.

Wranglers

Two people on the street found a book together and began to argue who should take it.

The third walked by and asked:

So why do you need a book? You argue anyway, like two bald men fought over a comb, but there was nothing to scratch yourself.

lazy daughter

The mother and daughter took out a tub of water and wanted to carry it into the hut.

Daughter said:

It's hard to carry, give me some salt and water.

Mother said:

You yourself will drink at home, and if you pour it, you will have to go another time.

Daughter said:

I won't drink at home, but here I'll get drunk all day.

Old grandfather and granddaughter

The grandfather became very old. His legs could not walk, his eyes could not see, his ears could not hear, he had no teeth. And when he ate, it flowed back from his mouth. The son and daughter-in-law stopped putting him at the table, and let him dine at the stove.

They took him down once to dine in a cup. He wanted to move it, but dropped it and broke it. The daughter-in-law began to scold the old man for spoiling everything in the house and breaking cups, and said that now she would give him dinner in the pelvis. The old man just sighed and said nothing.

Once a husband and wife sit at home and look - their little son plays planks on the floor - something works out. The father asked:

What are you doing, Misha?

And Misha says:

It's me, father, I'm doing the pelvis. When you and your mother are old, to feed you from this pelvis.

Husband and wife looked at each other and wept. They felt ashamed that they had offended the old man so much; and from then on they began to put him at the table and look after him.

Bone

Mother bought plums and wanted to give them to the children after dinner.

They were on a plate. Vanya never ate plums and kept sniffing them. And he really liked them. I really wanted to eat. He kept walking past the plums. When no one was in the room, he could not resist, grabbed one plum and ate it.

Before dinner, the mother counted the plums and sees that one is missing. She told her father.

At dinner, the father says:

And what, children, has anyone eaten one plum?

Everyone said:

Vanya blushed like a cancer and said the same.

The great Russian writer Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828–1910) was very fond of children, and he loved talking to them even more.

He knew many fables, fairy tales, stories and stories that he enthusiastically told to children. Both his own grandchildren and peasant children listened to him with interest.

Having opened a school for peasant children in Yasnaya Polyana, Lev Nikolayevich himself taught there.

He wrote a textbook for the smallest and called it "ABC". The work of the author, consisting of four volumes, was "beautiful, short, simple and, most importantly, clear" for children to understand.

Lion and mouse

The lion was sleeping. The mouse ran over his body. He woke up and caught her. The mouse began to ask him to let her in; she said:

If you let me go, and I will do you good.

The lion laughed that the mouse promised to do good to him, and let it go.

Then the hunters caught the lion and tied it to a tree with a rope. The mouse heard the lion's roar, ran, gnawed through the rope and said:

Remember, you laughed, you didn’t think that I could do you good, but now you see, sometimes good comes from a mouse.

How a thunderstorm caught me in the forest

When I was little, they sent me to the forest to pick mushrooms.

I reached the forest, picked mushrooms and wanted to go home. Suddenly it became dark, it began to rain and thundered.

I got scared and sat down under a big oak tree. Lightning flashed so bright that it hurt my eyes, and I closed my eyes.

Above my head something crackled and thundered; then something hit me in the head.

I fell down and lay there until the rain stopped.

When I woke up, trees were dripping all over the forest, birds were singing and the sun was playing. The large oak tree was broken and smoke was coming from the stump. All around me lay secrets from the oak.

My dress was all wet and stuck to my body; There was a bump on my head and it hurt a little.

I found my hat, took the mushrooms and ran home.

There was no one at home, I took out bread from the table and climbed onto the stove.

When I woke up, I saw from the stove that my mushrooms had been fried, put on the table, and they were already hungry.

I shouted: "What are you eating without me?" They say: "Why are you sleeping? Come quickly, eat."

sparrow and swallows

Once I stood in the yard and looked at the nest of swallows under the roof. Both swallows flew away in my presence, and the nest was left empty.

While they were away, a sparrow flew off the roof, jumped onto the nest, looked back, flapped its wings and darted into the nest; then he stuck his head out and chirped.

Soon after, a swallow flew to the nest. She poked herself into the nest, but as soon as she saw the guest, she squeaked, beat her wings on the spot and flew away.

The sparrow sat and chirped.

Suddenly a herd of swallows flew in: all the swallows flew up to the nest - as if in order to look at the sparrow, and flew away again.

Sparrow was not shy, turned his head and chirped.

The swallows again flew up to the nest, did something and flew away again.

It was not for nothing that the swallows flew up: they each brought dirt in their beaks and gradually covered up the hole in the nest.

Again the swallows flew away and again flew in, and more and more covered up the nest, and the hole became tighter and tighter.

At first the sparrow's neck was visible, then one head, then the spout, and then nothing was visible; the swallows completely covered it in the nest, flew away and whistled around the house.

Two comrades

Two comrades were walking through the forest, and a bear jumped out at them.

One rushed to run, climbed a tree and hid, while the other remained on the road. He had nothing to do - he fell to the ground and pretended to be dead.

The bear came up to him and began to sniff: he stopped breathing.

The bear sniffed his face, thought it was dead, and moved away.

When the bear left, he got down from the tree and laughs.

Well, - he says, - did the bear say in your ear?

And he told me that bad people those who run away from their comrades in danger.

Liar

The boy guarded the sheep and, as if he saw a wolf, began to call:

Help wolf! Wolf!

The men come running and see: it's not true. As he did so two and three times, it happened - and a wolf really came running. The boy began to scream:

Come here, come quick, wolf!

The peasants thought that he was deceiving again, as always, - they did not listen to him. The wolf sees, there is nothing to be afraid of: in the open he cut the whole herd.

The hunter and the quail

A quail got caught in a hunter's net and began to ask the hunter to let him go.

You just let me go, - he says, - I will serve you. I'll lure other quails into the net for you.

Well, the quail, - said the hunter, - would not let you in anyway, and now even more so. I'll turn my head for what you want to give out your own.

girl and mushrooms

Two girls were walking home with mushrooms.

They had to cross the railroad.

They thought that the car was far away, so they climbed the embankment and went across the rails.

Suddenly a car roared. The older girl ran back, and the smaller one ran across the road.

The older girl shouted to her sister: "Don't go back!"

But the car was so close and made such a loud noise that the smaller girl did not hear; she thought she was being told to run back. She ran back across the tracks, stumbled, dropped the mushrooms and began to pick them up.

The car was already close, and the driver whistled with all his might.

The older girl shouted: “Throw mushrooms!”, And the little girl thought that she was being told to pick mushrooms, and crawled along the road.

The driver could not keep the car. She whistled with all her might and ran over the girl.

The older girl was screaming and crying. All the passers-by looked out of the windows of the carriages, and the conductor ran to the end of the train to see what had become of the girl.

When the train passed, everyone saw that the girl was lying between the rails with her head down and not moving.

Then, when the train had already gone far, the girl raised her head, jumped to her knees, picked mushrooms and ran to her sister.

Old grandfather and granddaughter

(Fable)

The grandfather became very old. His legs could not walk, his eyes could not see, his ears could not hear, he had no teeth. And when he ate, it flowed back from his mouth.

The son and daughter-in-law stopped putting him at the table, and let him dine at the stove. They took him down once to dine in a cup. He wanted to move it, but he dropped it and broke it.

The daughter-in-law began to scold the old man for spoiling everything in the house and breaking cups, and said that now she would give him dinner in the pelvis.

The old man just sighed and said nothing.

Once a husband and wife sit at home and look - their little son plays planks on the floor - something works out.

The father asked: “What are you doing, Misha?” And Misha said: “It’s me, father, I’m doing the pelvis. When you and your mother are old, to feed you from this pelvis.

Husband and wife looked at each other and wept.

They felt ashamed that they had offended the old man so much; and from then on they began to put him at the table and look after him.

Little mouse

The mouse went for a walk. She walked around the yard and came back to her mother.

Well, mother, I saw two animals. One is scary and the other is kind.

Mother asked:

Tell me, what kind of animals are these?

The mouse said:

One is terrible - his legs are black, his crest is red, his eyes are bulging, and his nose is hooked. When I walked past, he opened his mouth, raised his leg and began to scream so loudly that I didn’t know where to go from fear.

This is a rooster, said the old mouse, he does no harm to anyone, do not be afraid of him. Well, what about the other animal?

Another lay in the sun and warmed himself. His neck is white, his legs are gray and smooth. He licks his white breast and moves his tail a little, looks at me.

The old mouse said:

Fool, you are a fool. After all, it's a cat.

two men

Two men were driving: one to the city, the other out of the city.

They hit each other with sleds. One shouts:

Give me the way, I need to get to the city as soon as possible.

And the other one screams:

You give way. I need to get home soon.

And the third man saw and said:

Who needs it as soon as possible - he siege back.

The poor and the rich

They lived in the same house: upstairs, a rich gentleman, and downstairs, a poor tailor.

The tailor sang songs at work and prevented the master from sleeping.

The master gave the tailor a bag of money so that he would not sing.

The tailor became rich and guarded all his money, but he no longer began to sing.

And he got bored. He took the money and took it back to the master and said:

Take your money back, and let me sing songs. And then melancholy came upon me.

MUNICIPAL BUDGET PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL

INSTITUTION KINDERGARTEN COMBINED

VIEW No. 5 "OAK" OF THE STATION OF ARKHANGELSKAYA

MUNICIPALITY

TIKHORETSKY DISTRICT

GCD for children

senior group

Subject:"Let's talk about kindness."

Prepared by:

educator MBDOU No. 5 "Dubok"

Art. Arkhangelsk

Ushakova O. A.

Topic: "LET'S TALK ABOUT KINDNESS"

Target: generalize children's ideas about kindness and emotional states that correspond to this concept, cause the desire to do good deeds; teach to transmit emotional condition a person with the help of facial expressions, speech, drawing, to form a positive image of his "I".

Children, look at your hands! Boys are big and strong. Girls are gentle and affectionate. We love our hands, because they can do anything: hug and lift a fallen comrade, give food to hungry birds, and beautifully set the table.

Why do you, Andrei, love your hands?

Katya, do you love your hands?

What a miracle-miracles: One hand and two hands! Here is the palm of the right, Here is the palm of the left! And I'll tell you not melting - Everyone needs hands, friends. Strong hands will not rush into a fight, Good hands will stroke a dog, smart hands know how to heal, sensitive hands know how to make friends.

Take the hand of the one who is sitting next to you, feel the warmth of the hands of your friends, who will be good helpers to you.

The teacher offers to play the game "Guess the mood from the picture." To do this, the children exhibit their drawings depicting a girl who found her bow, and a boy angry with his friend.

Questions:

What is the boy's mood?

Does he look angry?

How do you know he's angry?

What is the girl's mood?

Why is the girl in a good mood?

And how did you determine that the girl has a cheerful mood? - And how do you feel you?

Exercise "Help the wizard."

The teacher draws the attention of the children to the fact that the evil wizard is in a difficult situation, and he needs help. Today the magician read two poems that are very familiar to children - about toys with which he sometimes likes to play.

1) The hostess abandoned the Bunny - Bunny remained in the rain, Could not get off the bench. Wet to the skin.

2) They dropped Mishka on the floor, Tore off Mishka's paw - I won't leave him anyway, Because he's good.

(A. Barto)

The wizard has pictures of three girls. He wanted to figure out which of the girls left Bunny, which one tore off Mishka's paw, and which one is very sorry for both Mishka and Bunny:

How can I find out, because it is not drawn what they do!

The adult offers to look at the photos of the girls and help the wizard.

(Demonstration of three portraits of girls with different facial expressions: angry, indifferent and kind.)

Look, who is this girl? (Indifferent, indifferent.)

- What is her face like? What did this girl do?

Children compare the facial expressions of girls with their actions:

I started playing with Bunny in the garden, but quickly forgot about him and left him in the rain.

And this girl loves to fight, offend others, she tore off Mishka's paw and threw him right there on the floor.

And this girl is kind - she pities everyone.

Exercise "Get out of trouble." An adult invites the children to think about how they would help Bunny and Mishka out of trouble.

Children make up stories that are played out with toys. The adult draws their attention to the expression on the face of the evil wizard: it has changed and become kind. (The angry face is replaced with an appropriate one.) The wizard thanks the children for helping out his favorite toys out of trouble, and says that he also wants to do something nice for them.

Fairy-tale music sounds, and the wizard gives the children a fairy tale about birds:

Tale of the birds

A long time ago, in ancient times, birds lived in the Everlasting Forest. They were visible and invisible. In every hollow, on every branch of fabulous trees and bushes, they sat and sang. There were countless trees in that forest. Amazingly beautiful songs were sung by forest birds: ringing, whistling, trills, hubbub stood in the Eternal Forest. And it seemed that the birds would live and rejoice. But it was not there...

Sadness and sadness settled in this forest because all the birds: thrushes, bullfinches, finches, and magpies were all black-black in color. The children also went to the Eternal Forest for mushrooms and berries, and the wanderers went their own way. They listened to the discordant choir forest birds but could not tell them apart. That is why sadness has settled in the Eternal Forest. It's great when someone is not like the others!

The birds got tired of living like this, and one day they turned to the most important ruler of life on Earth - the wise Sun: “O great Logos! Help us! Make our life joyful!

The Sun listened to the bird's requests and ordered his assistant, the joyful Rainbow, to descend into the Eternal Forest, sort it out and put things in order, because without Joy, what is life?! When the beautiful Rainbow appeared in the forest in her seven-colored cloak of solar streams, the birds froze in dumb amazement. And Rainbow said: "I will help you!" The birds were overjoyed and immediately all flocked to the sorceress. Rainbow took off her magic cloak, touched it magic wand and said: “Let these solar jets, which carry all colors in themselves, decorate your wings in your favorite color!” And at the same moment, the cloak crumbled into thousands of tiny multi-colored drops. And the rain fell on the gathered birds. Since then, birds have been enjoying their multi-colored plumage, because Rainbow gave them: bullfinches - red feathers, redstarts and finches - orange, goldfinches and orioles - yellow, greenfinches - green, and kingfishers - blue, jays - blue, pigeons and turtledoves - - purple feathers. And it became even better for birds to live in the Eternal Forest, because Joy settled there. This is such a fairy tale...

At the end of the fairy tale, the magician says to the children: - I did not notice it myself, how Joy settled in my soul. Thank you guys for helping me get rid of my anger. “If suddenly I get angry, I will try to get rid of anger as soon as possible. I remember a few good ways:

to dance a violent dance;

stomp your feet

Tell about your experiences.

Reading the story of L.N. Tolstoy "The old man planted apple trees".

The old man was planting apple trees. They told him: - Why do you need these apple trees? You will have to wait a long time for the fruits from these apple trees, and you will not eat apples from them. The old man said:

I will not eat, others will eat, they will thank me.

At the end of the story, the adult turns to the children with questions:

How can you call the act of an old man? (Kind, benevolent, cordial.)

What kind things have you done for other people?

How did the people you did good to feel? (Joy, tenderness, delight, happiness, etc.)

An adult brings children to the concept of "kindness": "Kindness is responsiveness, a friendly attitude towards people, this is all good and useful."

What can good be compared to?

(With the sun, spring rainbow, bright, beautiful flowers, mom.)

Wizards pay attention to the general mood of the group: it is very good, joyful - and offer to have fun together.

A game"Chunga-changa"

The traveler landed on his ship to the island, where all are joyful and carefree. As soon as he went ashore, he was surrounded by the inhabitants of a wonderful island - small black children. Both the boys and the girls were wearing the same colorful skirts, bracelets with bells rang on their hands, they all had round earrings in their ears, beads on their necks, beautiful feathers in their hair. With a cheerful smile, they danced around the traveler to the music of V. Shainsky "Chung-Chang" and sang:

Miracle island, miracle island, Living on it is easy and simple, Living on it is easy and simple, Chunga-Changa!..

Exercise "Draw music." Children are invited to listen to calm, soft music and "draw" it (D. Kabalevsky's waltz). Wizards give children a plate with an apple as a keepsake, which will help them in difficult situations and introduce them to new friends.

I planted two hundred young apple trees and for three years in spring and autumn I dug them in, and wrapped them in straw for the winter from hares. In the fourth year, when the snow melted, I went to look at my apple trees. They got fat in the winter; the bark on them was glossy and poured; the knots were all intact, and on all ends and on the forks sat round, like peas, flower buds. In some places, the raspukalki had already burst and the scarlet edges of the flower leaves could be seen. I knew that all the unravelings would be flowers and fruits, and I rejoiced looking at my apple trees. But when I unfolded the first apple tree, I saw that below, above the ground itself, the bark of the apple tree was gnawed all around to the very wood, like a white ring. The mice did it. I unrolled another apple tree - and the other one had the same thing. Of the two hundred apple trees, not a single one remained intact. I smeared the gnawed places with pitch and wax; but when the apple trees blossomed, their flowers immediately fell asleep. Little leaves came out - and they withered and withered. The bark was wrinkled and blackened. Of the two hundred apple trees, only nine remained. On these nine apple trees, the bark was not eaten around, but a strip of bark remained in the white ring. On these strips, in the place where the bark diverged, outgrowths became, and although the apple trees got sick, they went. The rest all disappeared, only shoots went below the gnawed places, and then they are all wild.

The bark of the trees is the same veins in a person: through the veins the blood goes through the person - and through the bark the juice goes through the tree and rises into branches, leaves and flowers. It is possible to hollow out the whole inside from a tree, as is the case with old vines, but if only the bark was alive, the tree would live; but if the bark is gone, the tree is gone. If a person's veins are cut, he will die, firstly, because the blood will flow out, and secondly, because the blood will no longer flow through the body.

So the birch dries up when the guys make a hole to drink the juice, and all the juice will flow out.

So the apple trees disappeared because the mice ate all the bark around, and the juice no longer had a way from the roots to the branches, leaves and color.