How to make wallpaper paste at home. How to make DIY wallpaper paste from flour and starch

- glue, widely used in various fields, and, without exaggeration, being one of the most popular.

And although you can purchase this product without problems, self-production is also not difficult, which will help out in a situation where you urgently need to glue something, but the funds were not at hand.

Polyvinyl acetate

Polyvinyl acetate, better known as PVA glue, is produced on an industrial scale using special equipment. In the mortar mixer, the polyvinyl acetate dispersion and the filler are mixed.

There are various types of this glue (stationery, wallpaper, universal, etc.) and, accordingly, manufacturing recipes. It is difficult to accurately follow the PVA recipe at home, but it is not at all difficult to make an analogue that will practically not be inferior in its properties and characteristics.

How can you make PVA glue "with your own hands"?

Recipe

There are many recipes self cooking glue. We offer one of the most easily implemented and available recipes, almost all the ingredients of which are sold in a pharmacy (except for photographic gelatin, which must be looked for in a specialized store, as well as flour - if it suddenly does not appear at home, then in the nearest grocery store definitely found).

So, to prepare PVA, you need to take:

1-1.2 liters of distilled water;
20-25 ml of ethyl alcohol;
4-5 g of glycerin;
5-6 g of photographic gelatin;
100-120 g flour.

Cooking process

Gelatin is soaked for a day in ordinary warm tap water according to the instructions, after which it dissolves in a steam bath. Flour and distilled water are added, and the mixture is kept on fire until it acquires the density of sour cream. During boiling, the mixture must be constantly stirred.

When the desired consistency is reached, the mixture is removed from the heat and slightly cooled. After that, you need to add alcohol and glycerin and mix everything thoroughly so that there are no lumps. If the formation of lumps still could not be prevented (they may appear even at the boiling stage), then you can pass the glue through a sieve.

When the mass has completely cooled, it can be used for gluing paper, wood and other parts for which PVA is usually used.

Storage of finished glue

You can store a homemade product for no more than six months. The ideal storage temperature is + 10-15 degrees.

Nothing bad will happen if the glue remains with room temperature, but when the thermometer is minus, the “functionality” of the product drops sharply. It will be usable for no more than one month.

Youtube video about the production of glue

In this video, you can clearly see how PVA is done at home without problems. A very simple recipe, according to which it will not be difficult to make glue even for those who are trying home “glue production” for the first time.

Producers of PVA glue in Russia

In Russia, many companies produce PVA glue and dispersions. For most of them, this product is only part of the range. These enterprises specialize mainly in the production of paint and varnish products. In addition, there are companies that produce exclusively PVA products, such as, for example, Polymer Export, Rikol and others. These are large manufacturers exclusively engaged in the production of PVA glue and vinyl acetate dispersions.

When choosing a product, give preference to reliable manufacturers, especially if you are going to glue large or expensive items.

Areas of application of the adhesive

PVA glue is used in a wide variety of areas, from gluing paper to various types industry. This product is widely used in repair work(wallpaper sticker, primer, addition to cladding solutions, gluing wood elements, fiberboard, etc.)

This adhesive is used in the printing and packaging industry for gluing paper products. It is also widely used in the woodworking and furniture industries, since PVA does not change the color of wood and allows you to save its properties.

IN textile industry they “strengthen” carpets and connect fabrics. It is also used in the manufacture of glass and paint products, household chemicals, shoes, etc.

Do-it-yourself glue or is it better to buy?

Prices for PVA glue vary depending on the type of glue, manufacturer, product weight, etc. For example, 1 kg of universal PVA glue costs, on average, from 40 to 60 rubles, a five-ten-kilogram container will cost a little less.

In general, this product has a very democratic price, and if any complex or responsible work is expected, then it is better to buy glue made in industrial conditions. But if you already have experience self-manufacturing PVA, or there is no way to purchase it, but something needs to be glued urgently, then you can do it without any problems on your own.

What can replace PVA glue?

The problem with replacing PVA most often occurs in those who live in foreign countries, as this product is sometimes quite difficult to find there. If suddenly there is a need to find a replacement, then you need to focus on the material of the surfaces that must be connected. For wooden parts, you can buy special glue for wood, for wallpapering - “wallpaper”, etc. Paper or cardboard is glued at home using a regular paste (made from flour and / or potato starch. So it’s easy to choose a substitute for PVA , the only negative is that such products are often more expensive than this versatile, inexpensive and sought-after adhesive.

Before puzzling over the question of how to dilute PVA glue with your own hands, decide for what work you need it. Your own prepared composition can only be justified if you are not sure of the quality of the material from the hardware store counter.

It's not news to anyone that the use of PVA glue is very diverse, both for outdoor work and for indoor use. Therefore, further we will talk in more detail about what PVA glue is, how to prepare it at home and for what work it can be used.

Making PVA glue

What is PVA?

Do-it-yourself PVA glue

PVA - polyvinyl acetate, which includes an emulsion and various plasticizers and additives that increase the adhesive properties of the mixture.

Any adhesive solution can be diluted in various proportions with various additives, which can give the adhesive unique features and change its color. If you plan to apply liquid wallpaper to the walls or glue thin-layer paper wallpaper, glue that matches the color will greatly facilitate your work.

To explain why PVA glue is so popular, its properties that kmts glue cannot boast of will help:

frost resistance

Here we are talking about the resistance to frost of an already applied layer of glue. If the glue complies with GOST y, in liquid form it is afraid low temperatures. Therefore, if you store the substance in a cold place, you can safely throw it away, because all its adhesive abilities will be lost.

High adhesive ability

According to GOST, industrial PVA glue has a rupture strength of the glued joint of about 550 N / m. But, do-it-yourself glue is not inferior in its strength, if all the cooking technology is followed. Therefore, it can be used to glue fiberglass on walls, use the substance as an adhesive for polystyrene foam and as an adhesive for extruded polystyrene foam.

The material is safe to store, manufacture and use

Since the substance does not contain toxic, flammable and other harmful components, it will not harm your skin. One but! Protect your eyes when working, because even a small drop of glue that gets into the eye will not bring anything good. But, even if such a nuisance happened to you - do not panic, rinse your eyes well enough running water and your eyesight will not be affected in any way.

The mass is highly soluble in water and easily comes into contact with an organic solvent.

The substance is easily combined with benzene, methanol, acetone and other solvents. But, pay attention, if the glue is diluted with a toxic solvent, the whole mixture will also become dangerous to human health.

After drying, the substance does not shrink and does not form cavities. If in the course of work you have formed excess substances, they can be easily removed with a sponge.
After drying, a sufficiently strong mass is obtained, which can be used to fill various mounting gaps, the size of which is up to 2 mm.

I would also like to note that with the help of glue you can smooth out small errors that formed a joint of different thicknesses.

How to prepare glue for different jobs?

You can talk about what kind of work this or that adhesive solution is intended for immediately after you see the first letter of the abbreviation, which is spelled out in GOST e.

According to GOST, there are such types of glue:

PBA-K - substance for clerical work;
PBA-B and PBA-O - wallpaper paste (modified clerical);
PBA-MB is a universal composition that can be used on paper, wood, leather, fabric and metal. Also, the substance can be used to glue extruded polystyrene foam, pvc, osb, osb.
PBA-M is a super PVA glue, an improved universal composition that is great for osb boards and is widely used as an adhesive for plastic corners;
dispersion - low water base for polyvinyl acetate emulsion.

About what features PVA glue has and specifications stated in the table below.

Please note that pva, like kmts glue, must be used at positive temperatures. But if the substance is in the composition mortars, this restriction is lifted.

In this section, we talked about gluing different materials, but what to glue and how to glue fiberglass? Fiberglass is a kind of cobweb, which is used to align the walls before wallpapering. For gluing such material, you can use both a special substance that is sold complete with a canvas, and ordinary PVA glue.

How to make glue with your own hands?

Making PVA glue at home

To dilute or prepare 1 liter of glue with your own hands, you will need the following set of components:

100 g white, well-sifted wheat flour;
20-30 g of ethyl alcohol (technical);
5-10 g of finely dispersed gelatin;
5-10 g of glycerin;
if necessary, a light-colored organic dye.

And so, how to cook glue from flour? First of all, you need to dilute the gelatin with water and leave the gruel for 24 hours. If the substance turned out to be too thick, it can be stirred with hot water, breaking all the lumps. All subsequent actions will be foreseen at the end of the day.

To prepare the glue, we need 2 containers (preferably enameled). I would like to immediately note that the glue is boiled in a water bath. For cooking, pre-soaked gelatin is poured into a smaller container, and water is poured into a large one and put on fire.

Bring the gelatin mass to a boil, then add flour a little at a time. The technology for performing work is similar to cooking semolina, so be prepared for constant stirring so that lumps do not form. It will take you about 60 minutes to cook.

When the solution is cooked and you get the desired consistency, you will need to add alcohol, pigments and glycerin to the gruel. After adding these components, the glue is kept in a water bath for about half an hour, stirring all the time.

Upon completion of all manipulations, the agent is cooled and it is checked whether the adhesive properties have been achieved.

If the mass is cooked correctly, it can be stored in liquid form for six months, tightly closing the neck and preventing it from hypothermia.

If cooking glue from flour is unacceptable to you, as it requires a lot of time, check out how to cook glue from starch. For this you do not need any additional components - only hot water and starch, adhesive characteristics from such a small variety of ingredients will not diminish.

If you plan to use the substance only for wallpapering, prepare kmts glue, which is also easy to make at home.

Well, now you know how to make PVA glue at home, and we hope that our tips will help you cope with this task. The main task is to observe all proportions and do not forget to mix the mass thoroughly - this is what will help you create a homogeneous and effective substance.

1. PVA glue (polyvinyl acetate) glues wood, cardboard, glass, leather, fabric. The adhesive is applied in a thin layer on degreased surfaces, joined and compressed. "Seizes" the glue in 20 minutes. and completely dry in 24 hours. Before drying, the adhesive seam can be easily cleaned with a damp cloth.

2. Glue universal "Moment-1". glues wood, metal, rigid PVC, leather, rubber, felt, decorative laminate, glass, ceramics. The adhesive is toxic and flammable, so it must be handled in a well-ventilated area or on outdoors- away from open flames. Apply glue in a thin layer on both surfaces to be glued (dry, cleaned and degreased), hold for 15 - 20 minutes until the glue dries to "stick" (i.e. until the glue stops sticking to the attached clean finger), and compress them for a few seconds.
When gluing surfaces of a large area made of flexible material, such as thin rubber and plastic, it is quite difficult to combine the surfaces, since gluing occurs instantly and if it is applied incorrectly, it is almost impossible to change anything. Alignment is facilitated by placing a blank sheet of paper between the surfaces to be glued. Gradually pushing the paper, combine the surfaces and compress them (roll). It is convenient to apply glue on large surfaces with a metal spatula.

3. Epoxy glue is designed for bonding metal, ceramics, glass, wood and other materials, for sealing holes and cracks, and can also be used as varnish coating. The adhesive is water and oil resistant and a good electrical insulator.
The prepared glue, as well as its components, irritate the skin. Adhesive that comes into contact with the skin should be washed off immediately. warm water with soap. Glue cannot be used to repair food utensils.
The adhesive is prepared immediately before use by mixing the resin with the hardener in the ratio indicated in the instructions (often 10:1). The components are thoroughly mixed for 5 - 10 minutes. The surfaces to be glued are covered with a thin layer of glue and connected with a slight pressure. Excess glue is removed, and this can be done immediately or after 4-5 hours, when the partial polymerization of the glue has already begun and the excess glue is easily removed with a knife or other suitable tool. Full curing at room temperature occurs within a day. At lower temperatures, the curing time increases significantly. The strength of the adhesive bond can be increased by heating the parts to be glued at a temperature of about 100 ºC for several hours of adhesive curing. Strength significantly depends on the accuracy of compliance with the ratio of mixed components specified in the instructions. Resin for commercial epoxy adhesive, as a rule, already contains a plasticizer in its composition, which provides the necessary elasticity of the adhesive joint. If you prepare the adhesive on your own, it is necessary to introduce up to 10% of the plasticizer into the resin before introducing the hardener and mix thoroughly. The most commonly used plasticizer is dibutyl phthalate. The hardener is polyethylenepolyamine.

4. Adhesives BF-2 and BF-4 stick together metals, plastics, wood, glass, ceramics, leather, they are characterized by good electrical insulating properties, but high dielectric losses (tgb = 0.05). Glue BF-2 is used when good moisture and heat resistance of the adhesive line is required. BF-4 glue is preferred if elasticity and frost resistance of the joint are required. To achieve high bonding strength, the surfaces to be glued must be carefully adjusted to each other (gap no more than 0.05 mm), cleaned of dirt and oxides, degreased with acetone or another solvent. A thin primer layer of glue is applied to the surfaces prepared in this way with a brush, dried for about 1 hour in air or for 15 minutes. at a temperature of 85 - 95 °C. After cooling the parts to room temperature, a second second layer of glue is applied, allowed to dry, after which the parts are pulled together (for example, with a clamp) and placed in a thermostat or oven, where they are dried at a temperature of 120 - 160 ° C for 2 hours. If the parts have low heat resistance, the adhesive line is dried at room temperature for 36 - 48 hours, however, the bonding strength in this case will be lower.
These adhesives can be used to protect metal parts from corrosion. They spread well over the surface of the metal and provide a coating that is sufficiently resistant to mechanical and chemical influences. If the glue is too thick, it can be diluted with ethyl alcohol.

5. Adhesives BF-6 are used for gluing fabrics, providing strength no less than when stitching. To make the connection invisible, trim the fringe and adjust the edges of the fabric. Then cut out an overlay 1.5 - 2 cm wide from a similar or thinner fabric. The fabric is cleaned of dust and dirt. So that the glue does not protrude on the front side of the fabric in the future, the overlay and the junction are abundantly moistened with water and squeezed out. Apply with a brush thin layer glue from the wrong side of the fabric and on the glued side of the lining. The glue is allowed to dry in the air until it is “tack free”, then a second layer is applied and also dried until it is “tack free”. An overlay is applied from the inside, covered with a clean, damp cloth and pressed with a hot iron. Every 10 - 12 seconds, the iron is torn off for 2 - 3 seconds, then pressed again. This operation is repeated until the moistened area of the fabric is dry. Then, without moving the material, allow it to cool to room temperature. The iron should be heated to the temperature recommended for the type of fabric. Similarly, you can seal a gap, cut, or eliminate a hole in the tissue.

6. 88H adhesives bond rubber and other materials well to metal. The glue is thinned with benzene to the consistency of liquid sour cream (does not reach for the brush and does not drain from it), smear rubber (or other material) with it and dry for 3-5 minutes. Then a second layer is applied to the rubber and the first to the metal. Both layers are dried for 5 - 6 minutes. The parts are connected and the rubber is rolled with a roller, and dried during the day (preferably under pressure).

7. Glue "Unicum" provides a waterproof connection of products made of wood, metal, rubber, ceramics, leather, leather substitutes, dense fabrics, foam rubber and plastics in various combinations. A layer of glue is applied to the surfaces to be glued, degreased with acetone or gasoline, after 2 - 3 minutes - another layer and tightly compressed for 5 - 6 hours. It is recommended to use glued products no earlier than 24 hours later. Work with glue should be in a well-ventilated area away from fire, as the glue is flammable.

8. Glue "Mars" is intended mainly for gluing leather and leather products, but can also be successfully used for ceramics, wood, cardboard, polystyrene. A thin layer of adhesive is applied to dry and cleaned surfaces. After 5 minutes, a second layer is applied, the surfaces to be bonded are joined and left under load for 24 hours. The glue is combustible, and it is necessary to work with it away from open flame.

9. Isocyanate glue provides a strong bond between rubber and metal. Adhesive composition: leuconate and dichloroethane in a share ratio of 2:8. Parts are cleaned and degreased. The metal is coated with glue and dried in air for 30-40 minutes. Then the first layer is applied to the rubber, and the second layer to the metal. After 20 - 30 minutes, a third layer is applied to the metal, and a second layer is applied to the rubber. The parts are connected, compressed, heated to a temperature of 180 - 240 ºC and dried at this temperature for 10 - 12 minutes.

10. Wood glue is widely used for gluing wood. The quality of the glue largely depends on the correctness of its preparation. The right amount dry tile adhesive crushed, poured clean cold water(3 - 5 cm above the level of glue) and kept in it for 6 - 12 hours. After swelling of the glue upper layer water is drained, the dishes with glue are placed in a "water bath", and heated over low heat, stirring occasionally, until all the pieces of glue are dissolved. In the process of preparation, the temperature of the glue should not exceed 60 - 70 °C, otherwise its adhesive ability deteriorates. During the bonding process, the temperature of the adhesive solution should be 30 - 50 ºC.
When gluing wood along the fibers, the surfaces of the parts are smeared with glue once, the end surfaces - twice, allowing the first layer to dry. The parts to be glued are not compressed immediately, since the hot glue is partially squeezed out, but the glue is allowed to dry for 3-5 minutes (the film should be sticky when tested with a finger and stretched into threads). After that, the parts are connected, rubbed a little, slightly shifting them, then squeezed (with a vice, clamps) or pulled together (with twine, bandage) and left for 4-6 hours. When repairing products, the layer of the old glue is removed. To do this, moisten a rag with water and put it on a layer of glue for 2 hours. Softened glue is scraped off with a knife, chisel or spatula.
The strength of the adhesive joint depends on its thickness and the moisture content of the wood. To obtain a strong connection, the thickness of the seam should be no more than 0.1 - 0.15 mm. When wood moisture is more than 12% (veneer - 5%), the bonding strength deteriorates significantly. A small addition of an antiseptic (borax, phenol, salicylic acid) makes the adhesive resistant to all types of mold.

11. Waterproof carpentry glue can be obtained by adding natural alif to ordinary carpentry glue in a mass ratio of 4:1.

12. Adhesive paste is used for priming, puttying and gluing wood parts with joint gaps exceeding 0.2 mm. The paste is obtained by mixing in hot glue finely sifted ash, or dry sifted chalk, or micanite dust, etc. Glue paste can also be obtained by mixing the above fillers with other adhesives.

13. Syndeticone glue is used for gluing wood and gluing various materials to it.
The composition of the glue (in grams per liter of water): dry wood glue - 200, sugar - 200, slaked lime - 70. Dissolve sugar in water, then lime and heat over low heat until a clear liquid is obtained. The solution is filtered and crushed wood glue is put into it. During the day, wood glue is allowed to swell, and then it is dissolved in a glue pot in a "water bath". Glue can be stored in closed glassware long time without losing their properties.
When finely sifted ash or dry chalk is added to the glue, a good putty paste is obtained.

14. Casein glue is used for gluing wood, mainly with pressing, cardboard, as well as for gluing paper, fabric, and leather to wood and cardboard. Casein, is a light powder, diluted in cold water to the density of sour cream, adding water in small portions and mixing thoroughly for 40 - 50 minutes. Glue is ready for use in an hour and a half. Apply glue with a brush on both surfaces to be glued, which, after 4-6 minutes, are tightly compressed and incubated for at least 6-8 hours. Complete drying will occur in 18 - 20 hours.
Dried glue is much more resistant to heat and humidity than wood glue. The addition of aluminum alum (100 g/l) makes the adhesive bond more water resistant. The adhesive must be antiseptic, otherwise, if the hygroscopic materials dry slowly, mold will form and the parts may be damaged. For antiseptic, the glue is diluted in a 10 - 15% ammonia solution ( ammonia) or add 200 g/l of borax to it. It should be remembered that the glue leaves stains, especially noticeable on light wood, and over time these stains can become more contrasting.
Perestoyashee (more than 4 - 6 hours) and thickened glue should not be diluted with water: it has lost its adhesive ability.
15. Binding glue is prepared from joiner's glue by adding glycerin (1/20 of the glue volume) to liquid hot glue (directly in a "water bath").

16. Glue for cardboard is prepared by dissolving 9 g in 100 ml of water. office (silicate) glue, 6 gr. potato starch and 1 gr. Sahara. The resulting slurry is heated until a homogeneous mass is formed. Cardboard can be glued with many other adhesives, however, the adhesive according to this recipe gives a stronger bond than, for example, flour paste, and is also cheaper than many other adhesives, which is important with a large consumption of glue.

17. Dextrin glue is a common paper glue. Glue is prepared by diluting dextrin with cold water (400 g/l). Dextrin can be prepared by yourself if you heat dry potato starch on an iron sheet to 400 ° C and grind the resulting brown opaque lumps into powder.

18. Tissue paper glue can be made by adding enough denatured alcohol to dextrin glue to make a syrupy liquid. This adhesive does not seep through the paper.

19. Gum arabic - glue for paper and cardboard from gum (thickened juice of some fruit trees e.g. cherries, plums, apricots). The gum is crushed into powder and diluted with warm water to the consistency of liquid sour cream.

20. Starch paste - glue for paper. Potato starch at the rate of 60 - 80 g / l is dissolved in cold water (1/5 of the total volume of water), thoroughly stirred, brewed with boiling water (4/5 of the total volume of water) and borax (25 g / l) is added. The paste is usually applied cold.

21. Flour paste - glue for paper and cardboard. To prepare 1 liter. paste take 200 g of wheat flour and 50 g of dry wood glue. The flour is diluted in cold water and, with thorough stirring, boiling water is added until a liquid slurry is formed. Then pour in wood glue dissolved in water. The resulting mass is boiled over low heat, stirring constantly so that it does not burn. When the gruel starts to bubble and turns bluish, the paste is ready.

22. Photo glue can be used for gluing scales, nameplates made on photographic paper. The composition of the photoglue (in grams per liter of water): starch - 60, aluminum alum - 40, chalk (tooth powder) - 40, dry blue - 1. About half of the total amount of water is heated and alum is dissolved in it. The remaining water is used to prepare a starch paste. The alum solution is poured into the paste and mixed well. After half an hour, add chalk (tooth powder) and blue and mix thoroughly. Store glue in a closed glass container.

23. Glue for connecting fabric, leatherette and leather with wood can be prepared according to the following recipe (in mass fractions): mix wheat flour (40), rosin (3), aluminum alum (1.5), all this is poured with water (100) and stir thoroughly. The resulting dough-like mass is put on low heat and stirred until the mass begins to thicken. Bonding is done with hot glue.

24. Protacryl - plastic mass - universal high-quality adhesive and coating, which, after grinding and polishing, gives a decorative moisture-proof surface. Widely used in dental practice. It is insoluble in acids, alkalis, mineral oils, adheres well to various materials- metal, glass, porcelain, plastic, wood.
Protacryl consists of a powder and a liquid, which are mixed immediately before use in a ratio of 2: (1 - 1.1) in a glass or porcelain dish and stirred for 1 - 2 minutes. at the same time, avoid getting air bubbles into the mass (the spatula should always touch the bottom of the dish while mixing the mass). The powder should be completely saturated with liquid, the surface of the mass should become uniform and shiny. The readiness of the mass is determined by the appearance of threads stretching behind the spatula. The surfaces to be glued are cleaned of dirt and thoroughly degreased with acetone, gasoline or some other organic solvent.
Apply glue to both surfaces, then combine them and lightly squeeze. Complete polymerization at a temperature of 40 - 45 C occurs after 15 - 20 minutes, at room temperature - after 30 - 70 minutes.
Protacryl can be applied to the surface in several layers to achieve the required coating thickness. Places not to be coated are lubricated with silicone oil or rubbed with graphite powder. Somewhat worse results are given by ordinary sunflower oil.

25. Celluloid glue is a solution of celluloid in acetone. To prepare such glue at home, you need to dissolve pieces of celluloid (2 - 3g) in acetone (100ml). The glue is applied to the fat-free surface with a brush or a wooden spatula, allowed to dry for 2-3 minutes, after which the parts are tightly connected and dried at room temperature for about an hour.

26. Glue for polystyrene - a solution of polystyrene shavings (4 - 6 g) in benzene (10 ml). The gluing technology is the same as for celluloid, but the drying time is 10 - 12 hours. Polystyrene parts can also be glued with pure acetone, which dissolves this material well. In addition, glue "Unicum" or "Mars" is used.

27. Glue for organic glass may have one of the following compositions (solution of organic glass chips):
0.5 - 1.5 g chips, 100 ml dichloroethane.
3 - 5 g chips, 100 ml of 85% formic acid.
3 - 5 g chips, 100 ml glacial acetic acid.
0.5 - 1 g of chips, a mixture of acetone (60 ml) and vinegar essence (40 ml).
In addition, organic glass can be glued with pure dichloroethane. To do this, it is applied to organic glass with a brush until the surface layer of the parts begins to slightly dissolve. It is better to work with dichloroethane outdoors, as it is toxic. Avoid getting it on damaged skin.>

28. Glue for ebonite is prepared by mixing pure rosin powder (6 mass fractions) with linseed oil (1 fraction). The composition is heated, stirring, and brought to a boil. After cooling, the adhesive is stored indefinitely. The surfaces to be glued are treated with a rasp, heated at a temperature of 50 - 70 ° C for 15 - 20 minutes and the glue heated to boiling is applied to them.

29. The adhesive solution of foam in dichloroethane or acetone is resistant to alkali and alkaline electrolyte and can serve as protective film for painted surfaces. The solution is prepared in a clean glass container, pouring small pieces of polystyrene with a solvent. The solution should have the density of silicate glue. A thin layer of the solution is applied with a brush on a degreased with pure gasoline or acetone and dried with a brush and dried. Then the surface is covered with paint or bituminous varnish and after drying, the solution is applied again. As a result, a layer of paint or varnish will be between two layers of alkali-resistant coating. In this way it is good to cover, for example, cans of alkaline batteries. The solution is toxic and volatile. It is necessary to prepare the solution and work with it outdoors or in a room with good ventilation. Store the solution in a bottle with a stopper.

30. Glue for glass is prepared by dissolving gelatin in an equal amount of a 5% solution of potassium dichromate. Glue is prepared in a darkened room. The parts are coated, tightened with a clamp or, for example, tightly wrapped with threads and kept in the light for 5-8 hours. The glue does not dissolve in hot water.

31. Glue for glass and ceramics may have one of the following compositions:
A solution of casein in liquid glass (or silicate glue).
Gypsum mixed with egg white.
Gypsum soaked for a day in a saturated solution of aluminum alum, then dried, ground and mixed with water (this is the best composition for bonding ceramics).
A solution of dry finely ground chalk (tooth powder) in liquid glass in a ratio of 1:4 (by weight).
All these adhesives should have the consistency of sour cream.

32. Paste for gluing glass to metal is convenient for large areas of bonded surfaces, as it has a liquid consistency. The adhesive bond is quite strong. The composition of the paste in mass fractions:
Oxide midi - 2.
Emery powder - 2.
Liquid glass - 6.
The mixture is ground until a homogeneous mass is formed. The glued parts are heated to 100 ºC and maintained at this temperature for 2 hours, then cooled to room temperature. After 12 - 14 hours the paste will completely harden.

33. Heat-resistant adhesive paste suitable for repairing vitrified resistors, for insulating their leads, as well as for insulating heating elements. Dried talc (6 mass fractions) is mixed with liquid glass (or silicate glue), which is taken so much to get a mass of sour cream consistency (about 8 - 12 parts). Damaged or moldable areas of the coating are smeared with paste and dried at room temperature for about an hour. Then the part is heated to 100 - 110 ºC and maintained at a temperature of 10 - 15 minutes.

34. Putty for fixing steel reinforcement in stone can be prepared according to the following recipe in (mass fractions:
Dry ingredients are mixed - iron filings (100), gypsum (300), ammonia (5) and this mixture is diluted with 9%, so-called table vinegar (40 - 60) to the desired consistency. The resulting putty is used immediately.

35. Lock putty eliminates spontaneous unscrewing of nuts, replacing various lock washers. Talc is kneaded in nitro enamel in a ratio of 1: 3 and diluted to the desired consistency with acetone or a solvent for nitro paints.

36. Putties are used to seal minor flaws and level the surface of metal, wood and plastic products before applying decorative paints.
Choose putty from the table depending on the material of the product, the condition of its surface and paintwork, which will be applied.

Making PVA glue

What is PVA?

Do-it-yourself PVA glue

PVA - polyvinyl acetate, which includes an emulsion and various plasticizers and additives that increase the adhesive properties of the mixture.

Any adhesive solution can be diluted in various proportions with various additives, which can give the adhesive unique features and change its color. If you plan to apply liquid wallpaper to the walls or glue thin-layer paper wallpaper, glue of the right color will greatly facilitate your work.

To explain why PVA glue is so popular, its properties that kmts glue cannot boast of will help:

frost resistance

Here we are talking about the resistance to frost of an already applied layer of glue. If the adhesive complies with GOST y, in liquid form it is afraid of low temperatures. Therefore, if you store the substance in a cold place, you can safely throw it away, because all its adhesive abilities will be lost.

High adhesive ability

The material is safe to store, manufacture and use

Since the substance does not contain toxic, flammable and other harmful components, it will not harm your skin. One but! Protect your eyes when working, because even a small drop of glue that gets into the eye will not bring anything good. But, even if such a nuisance happened to you - do not panic, it is enough to thoroughly rinse your eyes with running water and your vision will not suffer from this.

The mass is highly soluble in water and easily comes into contact with an organic solvent.

After drying, the substance does not shrink and does not form cavities. If in the course of work you have formed excess substances, they can be easily removed with a sponge.
After drying, a sufficiently strong mass is obtained, which can be used to fill various mounting gaps, the size of which is up to 2 mm.

I would also like to note that with the help of glue you can smooth out small errors that formed a joint of different thicknesses.

How to prepare glue for different jobs?

You can talk about what kind of work this or that adhesive solution is intended for immediately after you see the first letter of the abbreviation, which is spelled out in GOST e.

According to GOST, there are such types of glue:

PBA-K - substance for clerical work;
PBA-B and PBA-O - wallpaper paste (modified clerical);
PBA-MB is a universal composition that can be used on paper, wood, leather, fabric and metal. Also, the substance can be used to glue extruded polystyrene foam, pvc, osb, osb.
PBA-M - super PVA glue, an improved universal compound that is great for osb boards and is widely used as an adhesive for plastic corners;
dispersion - low water base for polyvinyl acetate emulsion.

About what features PVA glue has and technical characteristics are shown in the table below.

Please note that pva, like kmts glue, must be used at positive temperatures. But, if the substance is in the composition of mortars, such a restriction is removed.

How to make glue with your own hands?

Making PVA glue at home

To dilute or prepare 1 liter of glue with your own hands, you will need the following set of components:

100 g white, well-sifted wheat flour;
20-30 g of ethyl alcohol (technical);
5-10 g of finely dispersed gelatin;
5-10 g of glycerin;
if necessary, a light-colored organic dye.

Upon completion of all manipulations, the agent is cooled and it is checked whether the adhesive properties have been achieved.

If the mass is cooked correctly, it can be stored in liquid form for six months, tightly closing the neck and preventing it from hypothermia.

If cooking glue from flour is unacceptable to you, as it requires a lot of time, check out how to cook glue from starch. For this you will not need any additional components - only hot water and starch, the adhesive features from such a small variety of ingredients will not decrease.

If you plan to use the substance only for wallpapering, prepare kmts glue, which is also easy to make at home.

During the implementation of many finishing works glue is a must. With it, wallpaper, tiles are glued, it is added to cement mortar. To save on the purchase of glue, we suggest that you read the instructions on how to make glue with your own hands.

Functional features and chemical composition of the adhesive

Glue is a multicomponent composition based on compounds of substances of an organic or inorganic nature, which easily glue materials of different origin, and in particular:

wooden,
leather,
fabric,
paper,
glass,
metal,
plastic,
ceramic,
rubber products.

The bonding process is the formation of a strong adhesive bond between the adhesive on the two sides of the material to be bonded.

The chemical composition of the adhesive contains materials of artificial or synthetic, organic or inorganic origin. For example, quite popular silicone glue is based on elemental organic compounds. In order for the consistency of the adhesive to become liquid and easily applied to the surface, it contains additives in the form of water and organic liquids.

Most sealants based on organic resins are composed of water and are environmentally friendly.

Organic solvents are aromatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons. Such solvents are quite accessible, evaporate easily, and are non-toxic. The most common are gasoline, acetone or elite alcohol substance.

In order for the adhesive to become elastic, the presence of plasticizers is required. They act as dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, triphenyl phosphate. Fillers are used to reduce the shrinkage of the adhesive, increase its strength and at the same time reduce the cost. The use of kaolin, quartz sand, sawdust and other components is recommended as a filler.

If the adhesive is based on thermosetting resins, special catalyst-type hardeners are required, which are sold separately from the adhesive. They are added to the adhesive immediately before its use. Solutions of acids, amines or bases are used as hardeners. When the hardener begins to react with adhesives, cross-linked polymers are formed, which are accompanied by a sharp increase in the adhesive bond before high or low temperatures.

The difference between catalysts and hardeners is that they are not able to enter into such reactions and do not accelerate the process of curing the adhesive. Salt, peroxide, acid are used as catalysts. The main requirement for the use of a catalyst is a strict dosage. If the amount of catalyst is increased, then the adhesive will practically not harden and the adhesive bond will remain fragile.

Adhesives based on thermosetting resins are characterized by the introduction of catalysts, inhibitors or retarders to adjust the degree of hardening, to accelerate, slow down or stop the process of interaction between the accelerators and the main adhesive element.

To improve the pot life of adhesive based organic compounds, it is recommended to add antiseptics to them. Catalysts are required to be added to adhesives of polymer origin, they help to increase their resistance.

The main types of glue

In accordance with the method of drying, adhesives are divided into:

adhesives that are characterized by drying,
non-drying type adhesives,
polymer compounds.

The first option, in turn, is divided into:

PVA glue,
silicate adhesive,
carpentry glue,
starch glue.

1. Let's start considering the types of glue from the most popular PVA glue, which is an emulsion of polyvinyl etal and water, in a small amount of plasticizers and additives. The smell is practically not expressed, it is used for gluing various substances.

There are such types of PVA glue:

household or wallpaper purposes - glues paper products, used for wall decoration with wallpaper, looks like a white homogeneous mass, has a white or beige color, able to defrost and freeze six times;
clerical type - glues products made of paper, photographic paper, cardboard, looks like viscous liquid, color - white with yellow tint, unstable to water and frost;
universal purpose - used for gluing wooden, paper, cardboard, leather, glass substances, is part of putty, primer, concrete mortar, has the appearance of a white, slightly yellowish viscous mass, is characterized by the presence of six cycles of frost resistance;
PVA super glue glues wood, paper, glass, porcelain, leather, fabric, linoleum, tile products, frost-resistant;
PVA dispersion - appears in the form of an aqueous solution of polymers, which is stabilized with a protective colloid, such as polyvinyl alcohol, has a high adhesive ability, two types of dispersion are distinguished: plasticized and non-plasticized.

Scope of use of PVA glue:

as an additive in mortars;
in industrial establishments of textile, shoe, leather, printing origin;
in the manufacturing process of such products as: cigarettes, paints, industrial fabrics, household chemicals;
in the process of gluing paper, cardboard, wooden parts.

Characteristics of PVA glue:

high level of frost resistance;
high adhesive ability;
environmental safety, non-toxicity, fire safety;
lends itself to most solvents of organic origin;
if you apply the glue thinly, then it is almost invisible after drying;
has no shrinkage.

2. Silicate glue is also called liquid glass, given material actively used both in everyday life and in industry, for gluing any parts.

Scope of use:

production of spraying for electrodes that are used in a welding machine;
in engineering industry with a delicate connection of parts;
in the pulp or paper industry;
in ferrous metallurgy and chemical industry;
is an integral component most laundry detergents.

Peculiarities:

fire safety,
water resistance,
frost resistance,
resistance to acid solutions.

3. Carpentry glue is used when gluing wood parts. There are three types:

tiled,
chip,
granulated.

In relation to the composition, glue is isolated:

vile,
bone type.

The first is stronger than bone, characterized by a greenish tint. Bone glue has an orange-brown color. Joiner's glue provides for its cooking. Chip glue is boiled immediately, and tile glue is pre-crushed.

4. Starch-based glue is called paste, its production is quite simple, you need to mix starch with water and heat to the state of glue. Best Quality has glue based on corn starch, and the worst ones are potato starch. It is recommended to apply it during the day.

Materials that will be required in the process of making PVA glue:

half a liter of purified water,
2.5 grams of photographic gelatin,
2 grams of glycerin,
50 grams of wheat flour,
10 mg of ethyl alcohol.

Soak the gelatin in water for a day, it should swell. Gelatin must be photographic.

When the gelatin is ready to use, you need to build a water bath. To do this, take a pot of water and put it on the stove. Find a bowl that fits the diameter of the pan and place it on the surface so that it does not come into contact with boiling water.

Put in a bowl a mixture of water, flour and gelatin and cook until it becomes thick, like sour cream. It requires constant stirring. Remove the mass from the heat and add alcohol and glycerin to it. Be sure to stir the mixture so that it becomes homogeneous. When the glue has cooled, it is ready for use.

Before using it, the surface should be thoroughly cleaned from dirt and dust. If there are pores on it, prime them first. Stir the adhesive before applying it to the surface. Then, using a brush or roller, apply glue, and glue the two parts together.

Such glue is used for a maximum of six months, at a temperature of at least +10 degrees.

How to make your own flour glue

Materials for work:

wheat or rye flour - 3 tablespoons,
purified water - 500 ml.

Flour glue will do an excellent job of gluing paper products or wallpaper. Its production is a fairly quick process that will take no more than half an hour. Therefore, in a situation, for example, when wallpaper glue runs out, and the store is far away, recommendations on how to make glue with your own hands will be an excellent option.

Instructions for making flour paste:

Put the water on the fire and wait for it to boil;
separately dilute the flour in a small amount of water;
pour the flour into boiling water and stir the liquid constantly;
wait for it to boil and remove the glue from the stove;
wait for the glue to cool completely;
now it's ready to use.

Ready flour glue looks like thick jelly. As you can see in the answer to the question of how to make glue quickly - making this glue is the best option.

How to make glue from starch

The proportions of starch glue are the same as for flour glue:

for half a liter of water
3 tablespoons of cornstarch.

It is better to prepare glue in enameled or galvanized dishes. Put a container of water on the fire, wait for it to boil. Separately dissolve the starch and pour it into the liquid. Wait until the glue boils and remove it from the heat.

The main advantage of starch glue is that it is more transparent and leaves no residue. It is recommended to use such glue all without residue, because after a while it loses its ability. To improve the quality of starch glue, it is recommended to add 50-100 grams of PVA glue to it.

If you add carpentry glue to such glue, then it will do an excellent job of priming the walls before wallpapering.

How to make glue using acetone and old linoleum

This method allows you to prepare a universal adhesive material that has high level gluing.

To make glue at home using this method, the first step is to prepare the materials.

Linoleum should be cut into pieces 3x3 cm in size. Then put it in a container that can be hermetically sealed. Take acetone, its amount should be twice the amount of linoleum. Pour acetone into a container with linoleum and place in a place protected from direct sunlight for twelve hours.

If, during this time, the entire linoleum has had time to dissolve, use the glue for its intended purpose, otherwise, wait until the linoleum is completely dissolved.

Scope of use - gluing:

wooden,
porcelain,
metal,
leather details.

How to make paper glue

In case of passion for origami, quilling or applications for gluing wood parts, it is ideal this recipe glue. It is based on the use of dextrin, which is also easy to prepare at home.

This requires:

take a few tablespoons of starch,
put it in a heat-resistant dish,
gradually heat up in the oven
bring the temperature up to 150 degrees,
leave for 90 minutes.

To prepare the glue, you must have:

three tablespoons of dextrin,
five tablespoons of water
one tablespoon of glycerin.

The first step is mixing dextrin with water. The mixture is heated until the dextrin is completely dissolved, requiring constant stirring. At the end of cooking, glycerin is added. After cooling, the adhesive is ready for use.

how to make titanium glue

To prepare such an adhesive, you will need chemical vinyl acetate copolymers. It is very difficult to get it, so it is quite difficult to prepare such glue at home.

Consider the advantages and features of titanium glue of industrial origin:

seemingly clear liquid
frost-resistant
waterproof,
heat resistant
used in the process of gluing ceiling tiles,
convenient to use.

Making wood glue with your own hands

The process of preparing wood glue is simple, and allows you to make glue that can easily glue any wooden details. But at the same time, such glue has its drawbacks:

fast expiration date,
the presence of a disgusting, pungent odor.

Therefore, in the process of its cooking, a special mass is produced, which has a higher shelf life. This mass is solid and cut into pieces, which are boiled for their further use in the form of glue.

Consider the four most popular ways to cook wood glue:

1. Take standard carpentry glue. Cut it up and leave it in the water. Wait until it swells up. When the mixture becomes soft, place it in an oilcloth. This is the name of the tank in which the melting process is carried out. Take a tin can and pour the liquid into it. Place it in a water bath, stir constantly until the glue becomes liquid. For 360 grams of glue, take 475 grams of vodka and combine them. Then 100 grams of powdered alum should be added. Such glue has water-repellent properties and is characterized by a high level of strength.

2. Dilute the same amount of adhesive and purified water in a metal container. When the mixture thickens, put it in a mortar and grind. Pour the mixture into a bowl and wait for it to thicken completely. given mass, after cooling, cut into pieces and use in portions. For 350 grams of glue, you should take 360 grams of water and 180 grams of vodka. Bring all the ingredients to a boil and use the glue after cooling.

3. Prepare a water bath. For half a liter of water, take half a kilogram of glue and half a spoonful of vinegar. Boil until the glue dissolves, then add half a liter of vodka.

4. For 250 grams of glue, take 250 grams of water, bring to a thickening. At the end of cooking, add 250 grams of glycerin. Wait for the water to evaporate. Pour the glue into the mold and use as needed. To use such glue, you need to dilute it with water, in a ratio of one to one.

Video how to make glue: