branches of the textile industry. Large textile factories in Russia

Maybe not as popular as other technological areas, but nevertheless there is a demand for products, as well as offers. Unlike domestic auto industry, the textile segment boasts excellent and internationally recognized quality. The Ivanovo region alone, with its enviable history, is worth something, because not only are people born there good products but real masterpieces.

So, let's try to designate a list of enterprises and organizations textile industry distinguished by the release of high-quality products that are in demand among a wide range of consumers. All participants successfully work not only in their region, but throughout Russia, and often supply textiles abroad.

BELASHOFF

The trademark "Belashoff" belongs to the Shchigrovskaya feather-down factory. The company is developing dynamically, and the conveyor is running at full steam. A large textile factory in Russia specializes in the production of sleep products: linen sets, blankets, pillows, etc.

The shareholders have invested a lot of their money in production, providing the area with the most modern and high-tech equipment that produces not only environmentally friendly, but also high-quality products. The company's designers are full creative ideas and often create real masterpieces.

One of the main directions of the textile factory in Russia is rust-fillers: down, eucalyptus fiber, etc. A variety of products and the use of quality materials, coupled with modern technologies allowed the company to firmly gain a foothold in its segment and maintain leadership.

Doctor Big

The textile factory of Russia "Doctor Big" is located in Ivanovo and has been pleasing for more than ten years medical staff good quality and comfortable fit. The company produces more than 15 varieties of uniforms from the best materials. Develop projects professional designers with an impressive work record as well as experience.

The assortment of the Russian textile factory "Doctor Big" is periodically replenished with new collections and supplemented with some touches at the request of the customer. You can apply company symbols on the form, and the most various methods. The latter protect clothes from chemical attack, not to mention regular washing.

In addition to clinic logos, you can order individual design adding creative variety. The form may emphasize some individual characteristics businesses or working conditions. The textile factory of Russia "Doctor Big" took care of the range of its products and a flexible approach to each client. The company's products enjoy enviable popularity not only among specific, but also among ordinary consumers.

"Kazan Textile"

One of the largest textile factories in Russia, CJSC Kazansky Textile, is located in the city of Kazan. The enterprise is mainly engaged in the production of ribbons: furniture, edging, satin, nylon and technical.

The factory's products are in great demand not only in Russia, but are also supplied abroad to European countries. Moreover, exports have been established for years to come, and contracts have been concluded for impressive amounts. Such confidence of scrupulous Europeans says a lot: they will not buy low-quality products, especially since there are enough such enterprises in France and Germany.

"Barakat-Teks"

The company is located in Kazan, started work in 2000 and is the official representative of the Uzbek factory "Barakat-Teks". The long tradition of growing cotton has made itself felt: terry fabrics of exceptional quality come off the assembly line of the enterprise. And access to Uzbek "reserves" allows to significantly reduce costs and keep prices at a democratic level.

The company's products are characterized by special softness along with strength and hygroscopicity. Separately, it is worth noting the high-quality processing of products on the conveyor. Almost the entire range of the factory is hypoallergenic products. Last moment allowed the company to conclude profitable contracts with medical, children's and hotel facilities throughout the country.

"Barakat-Teks" was included in the list of textile factories in Russia, approved for all sanitary points. In addition, the products of the enterprise are a frequent guest abroad. Belarusians, Czechs and Scandinavians buy factory products with great pleasure.

"Vasilisa"

KPB TM "Vasilisa" is located in the city of Ivanovo and has been successfully operating in the textile market for more than 10 years. The factory is mainly engaged in the production of products to create coziness and comfort in the house. Very high quality blankets, pillows, curtains, tablecloths and other textile products come off the assembly line of the enterprise.

The factory places special emphasis on the environmental friendliness of products, where only natural materials and components are used. As for the design, everything is also good here: on branded shelves you can see products made of calico, satin and poplin different forms, sizes with creative notes.

The company's products are respected not only throughout Russia, but also in High quality products, application natural materials in production, as well as attractive appearance allowed the factory to take its rightful place among competitors.

"VioTeks"

The factory has been operating for more than 10 years and pleases its consumer with excellent knitwear in almost all directions. The assortment of the enterprise is constantly expanding, and the management tirelessly follows new trends and fashion trends.

Factory designers are constantly experimenting with cuts, and the results justify all expectations. Comes off the assembly line beautiful clothes where aesthetics harmoniously synergize with functionality and practicality.

The most successful collections of the factory can be found at company stands with dressing gowns, pajamas, shirts, shirts and T-shirts. There are also warmer clothes in the assortment of the company: sweatshirts, jumpers, etc. It should also be noted that the company produces products for buyers of any configuration and for all ages.

Knitwear is sewn from fabrics of different quality and composition, so the products are available for all categories of consumers.

The first place in terms of demand for products has always been and will be the food market. This is not surprising, because it is here that goods that are included in the category of vital for every person are sold and bought.

It is followed by the textile industry. Surprisingly, in this segment, high demand for products is combined with insufficient supply from domestic manufacturers. The share of goods produced by factories and plants in our country is only one fifth of the entire market.

The rest is occupied imported goods imported both legally and counterfeit. Of course, this state of affairs has the most negative impact on both Russian manufacturers themselves and the country's economy as a whole. There is another problem - the production of textiles at domestic enterprises is often frozen for long periods due to the high cost of raw materials, interruptions in supplies and the need to modernize equipment.

State participation in the development of the industry

The situation must change radically, and the government is already beginning to take steps to improve it. In particular, a strategy has been adopted aimed at developing light industry in our country until 2020.

In turn, the state has seriously taken up the problem of domestic production: enterprises are supported both in the field of financing and subsidizing the purchase of raw materials, and in the issue of technical modernization of production. This allows us to think that changes are inevitable, and small improvements can already be seen today, in 2014.

Textile industry in Russia: current state

Today the situation is such that the share of imported products in the textile market in Russia still prevails. However, compared with the past decade, significant changes in the direction of its reduction are noticeable. Over the past 10-12 years, the Russian light industry has grown at a record pace, and this moment domestic textile production is estimated at about 70-85 billion rubles.

The industry employs about 700 large and up to 5 thousand medium and small enterprises, the total volume of production of which is about 200 billion rubles. At the same time, this segment is still underestimated by Russian investors, which means it's time to enter the market.

An average textile enterprise is now 20-30% cheaper than a food enterprise with the same level of profitability. Those entrepreneurs and investors who today pay attention to this line of business, in a few years will be able to reap a good "harvest" with the right approach to business. We will talk further about how to competently organize the production of textiles in our country.

The main questions on the organization of textile production

Of course, to say that today it is the most profitable business in Russia, it is still early. However, there is no doubt that the return on such production can be quite high, and in the long run. This direction is suitable for strategic investors and entrepreneurs looking to the future.

Therefore, today it is important to approach the issue of organization textile production from a completely new position, focusing on innovation and relevance. What points should be considered when creating your own enterprise from scratch? The key factors are:

Organization of the design department. IN modern world without the work of these specialists can not do. One of the main conditions for high demand for your company's products will be the relevance and originality of fabric design. Moreover, the development of new textile collections should be carried out regularly, and not one-time. Therefore, the plant/factory must necessarily have its own department with a group of designers working together and under the direction of its owner.
Organization of direct production. This issue requires no less attention. Where and by whom fabrics will be made depends on the availability of sufficient investment. So, some entrepreneurs create their own production workshop from scratch, others place orders for finished designs between home workers. In addition, many fabric manufacturers in Russia place their production in Chinese factories (due to the availability of cheap labor and good technical equipment).
To organize your own textile production, you need to obtain an appropriate certificate for your products, think over and plan the technology for manufacturing fabrics, purchase modern equipment and hire staff (from cutters and seamstresses to accountants).
For the sale of products, it will be necessary to think over its transportation. If the enterprise is large, then you will need your own fleet. Small factories/shops for the production of textiles use the services of third-party companies.
Like any commercial activity, textile business requires advertising. There should be several effective channels: your own website on the Internet, advertising blocks in specialized magazines, your own booklets with fabric samples. A good (and even obligatory) addition will be participation in exhibitions organized for representatives of this market segment. This will allow you to make useful contacts in your field, expand dealer and retail networks for more efficient product sales.

All these points are important and, moreover, mandatory steps in building a truly successful textile production in modern Russia. None of them can be neglected if you really want to organize a highly profitable business that can not only survive, but also function effectively for a long time.

Textile production technology and types of fabrics

Above, we examined the main issues that are important for every entrepreneur who decides to engage in textile business in Russia. Now let's dwell in more detail on the actual manufacture of fabrics. This process includes the choice of assortment, the production technology itself and necessary equipment for its implementation.

Types of fabrics and their features

All existing textiles are divided into large and larger small species. In general, fabrics can be divided into natural and chemical. The former may have vegetable origin- cotton, linen, jute, etc., and animal - silk, wool, etc. The latter are divided into synthetic, artificial and mineral.

Natural fabrics of plant origin

Cotton fabrics are made from a mixture of cotton and other fibers. This category is very common and has the highest demand in the segment of natural materials. They differ depending on the density and type. This is the well-known denim, coarse calico, chintz, cloth, batiste and others. Linen fiber is less elastic than cotton. Fabrics made from it have a rough surface and a more rigid structure, and their production is more expensive.

Textiles of animal origin

The basis of silk production is the silkworm. This type of textile is characterized by elasticity and strength, and therefore is in great demand in production. It is used to obtain materials such as velvet, satin, etc. Russian manufacturers for the manufacture of woolen fabrics take, as a rule, sheep wool. It retains heat well, does not absorb odors and moisture, does not wrinkle well.

chemical fabrics

Man-made fibers are also widely used in the modern textile industry. Viscose and acetate fabrics are light and smooth, have an attractive appearance and good hygienic properties. Polyamide materials are durable, wear-resistant, but they absorb fat and repel moisture, and therefore are unhygienic. Polyester is in great demand, as it is used for the production of clothing.

Textile production technology

The key point that determines the entire production of textiles and the organization of its individual processes is the fabric manufacturing stage itself. It consists of several basic steps, which we will now look at:

Training. Obtaining yarn from fibers by processing them - loosening, scutching, combing.
Spinning of hard fiber. A textile thread is obtained from disparate cotton fibers.
Direct production of fabric on looms.
Final finishing procedure. As a result of this stage, the fabric acquires such properties as strength, softness, smoothness, waterproofness and others.

This general description, and each of the above stages has its own nuances.

Necessary equipment

At the same time, in the process of fabric manufacturing, at all steps, a large number of a variety of equipment. From the mandatory for the organization of a full-fledged production process can be distinguished:

roving machine;
loom;
weft winding machine;
winding machines and automatic machines;
warping machine;
grinding machines;
glue cookers;
punching machines;
knotting machines.

As you can see, the list of equipment is impressive. Therefore, a fully functioning textile production requires a large area of premises, several warehouses (for raw materials and finished products), as well as a sufficient number of employees to serve it and organize effective management.

Conclusion

To date, the textile market is developing at a fairly good pace - at least 25% per year. This niche still needs smart entrepreneurs and big investments for the organization. modern equipment and the same approach to the implementation of production.

Textile production - highly profitable business in Russia and will remain so for the next 7-10 years, and possibly longer. If you have not decided on the segment of capital investment and business organization, then now is the time to enter the textile market.

The textile industry is considered one of the largest and most important industries in India. In the 20th century, it remained the leading one in many countries of the world, but survived a structural crisis with a decrease in the share of gross output by several times during the years of the Nazi occupation, when many enterprises were thoroughly destroyed.

Today, fabrics are produced in almost all regions of Russia (Vitebsk, Gomel, Mogilev).

The leading branches of the textile industry are considered to be:

woolen;
silk;
linen;
cotton.

The wool industry specializes in the development of products by obtaining yarn from wool fibers.

Silk - on silk, natural or with the addition of chemical fiber.

Linen - for the production of silk fabrics or chemical fibers.

Cotton with the production of semi- and cotton fabrics, mainly using yarn from cotton fibers or with the addition of chemical fiber. Cotton products are still in high demand among the population.

Manufacturers, on the other hand, annually try to expand the range and improve the quality of their products by automating and mechanizing production, introducing new technologies and thereby increasing labor productivity.

To a greater extent, a mixture of pure cotton with chemical fibers is being processed to give the fabrics the best valuable qualities. Harvesting cotton on plantations is a rather laborious process and primary production undergoes many operations before getting some finished linen at the output:

the cloth;
jersey;
high quality threads.

New fabric

Basic requirements for yarn

The main task of spinners in enterprises is to obtain an endless continuous thread or yarn with the greatest twisting force and adhesion of the fibers to each other. The yarn must fully comply with operational and technological characteristics, be wear-resistant when worn and have certain properties. In appearance, textile fiber is:

technical. Composed of 2-5 threads glued together;
elementary. In the form of single indivisible threads up to several hundred meters in length;
yarn. It consists of several twisted thin or more straightened fibers between themselves.

Depending on the area of application, manufacturers give the fiber a certain degree of strength, wear resistance, dyeability and other specific properties.

Many fibrous materials (wool, linen, silk, cotton) are first spun to be processed into fabric. This is a labor-intensive process consisting of several operations to obtain finished yarn.

For example, cotton:

cleaned of litter, seeds, other impurities;
goes through the process of loosening by feeding on lattice aggregates for loosening;
removal of impurities through the grate with further entry into the carbon monoxide chambers;
is fed to the scutching unit, leveling and compacting the cotton layer;
rolling into rolls of a certain thickness;
a combing procedure is carried out by feeding cotton layers to special machines or teeth;
purification from the smallest adhering impurities;
further, the fiber is formed into a tape of uneven thickness in the form of a round loose semi-finished product up to 3 cm in diameter;
in the future, the tape is subjected to thinning, alignment, straightening, stretching and twisting;
obtaining a roving (thin and strong yarn) using spinning machines.

The following spinning systems are also used in yarn production:

ring;
hardware;
pneumomechanical;
melange.

This spinning process must comply with certain standards. Yarn should be:

dense;
even;
durable;
flexible;
sufficiently rigid in tension;
elastic;
uniform in twisting, along the entire length;
clean, without numerous defects and impurities at the output.

Of course, the minimum deviations from the norm in the textile industry are permissible according to GOST, but the yarn must generally comply with the standards, taking into account the type and group of goods produced.

What raw materials are used

The textile industry is engaged in the production of natural and synthetic fibers, depending on chemical composition and origin. natural fiber:

wool;
silk;
cotton;
sisal;
hemp;

Synthetic fiber - textiles produced mostly from chemical carbon chain or heterochain organic compounds. The share of natural components in the composition accounts for only a small part. So, the raw materials used in the industry:

nitron;
lavsan;
capron;
asbestos;
silk;
wool;
bast fiber;
cotton.

Characteristics of Nitron

Nitron is a synthetic fiber composed of a mixture of natural threads and polyacrylonitrile compounds. This is a woolly material, pleasant and warm to the touch, but less durable, unlike nylon, lavsan. It is mainly used in the production of fabrics for technical purposes.

Areas of application of lavsan

Lavsan is a staple or filamentary fiber composed of polyester compounds. It turns out the material is quite elastic, elastic and durable at the exit. When combined with a mixture of natural and chemical fibers, the fabric comes out beautiful, wear-resistant and does not wrinkle at all when compressed or twisted. With the addition of cotton thread from lavsan, men's and women's shirts, raincoats, wool blend suits are sewn.

Kapron

Kapron as a synthetic fiber in the composition of polyamide compounds. The output is a durable material, without changing its density even when wet. Suitable for sewing knitwear, dresses.

Viscose is an artificial fiber with the production of staples up to 40 mm long. The material is durable, low cost and colorable. Used neat or with the addition of a cotton blend.

Features of Asbestos

Asbestos is a fiber of natural mineral origin in the composition of rocks in thickness when twisting up to 18 mm. When spinning, cotton is often added. It turns out a non-combustible, but cold material, applicable only for technical purposes and the manufacture of insulating refractory material.

Silk properties

Silk in the form of the finest threads bred by silkworm caterpillars. The properties are truly amazing. The output thread is beautiful, even, elastic, strong, even. In production, several threads can be used by folding together and twisting. The remaining waste is transferred to other silk-spinning workshops for the production of synthetic yarn.

From silk, a beautiful fabric for dresses is obtained, and products for technical needs are also produced in a large assortment.

Wool characteristics

Wool is a natural fiber obtained after shearing camels, goats, and sheep. It is also possible at enterprises to recycle woolen raw materials. Wool in the form of a fiber is not as elastic as lavsan or cotton. But the main features:

wear resistance;
small creasing;
drape.

Woolen, worsted or draped fabric is made and used for sewing coats, knitwear, dresses, suits.

Bast fiber

It is a raw material extracted from the stems and leaves of many plants, mainly flax and hemp. The bast or bark of plants is subjected to prolonged wetting, then to chemical heat treatment and scutching, a rather laborious process. Bast fiber:

durable;
thick;
uneven in structure.

Used only for production:

technical fabric;
bed and table linen;
towels
ropes, ropes;
bag fabric with the addition of coarser cloth, linen fiber.

Cotton properties

Cotton as a vegetable fiber extracted from cotton seeds, which grows mainly in the south of our country. Ripened seeds are sent for primary processing in order to separate the seeds from the fiber. Cotton has unique properties, it:

lasting;
flexible;
wear-resistant and tenacious;
fiber length up to 40 mm;
has excellent adaptability to staining.

The output is a variety of yarn - thick or thin, elegant, reminiscent of cambric, voile, mayi.

Geography of the textile industry

The textile industry, according to the OKVED classifier, belongs to section 17. It is more developed in countries where raw materials are mined on a significant scale, for example, cotton. Enterprises are engaged not only in the processing of raw materials, but also in the manufacture of fabrics, tailoring, in particular, export to other, no less developed countries.

Today, it is experiencing some difficulties all over the world. Products are cheap in price and mainly come from Asian countries, where the labor force is cheap and the quality of the goods leaves much to be desired.

Cheap products began to be produced:

Vietnam;
Latin America.

Asia alone produces up to 70% of the total production of woolen and cotton fabrics. 30% - China, 10% - India.

China and Australia are the leading producers of textiles and wool products.

Features of the domestic textile industry

Russian manufacturers produce no more than 30% of textile industry products of the total gross number in the world. The competition is high. Many manufacturers survive only at the expense of the state. orders for tailoring clothes. This is the only more profitable segment in the industry.

The times of crisis did not have the best effect on the clothing industry and the textile industry. Purchasing power has decreased several times. However, legislators plan to modernize the production of textile enterprises and sewing shops by 2025 and invest subsidies in these industries.

It is planned to develop in the textile industry mainly the production of artificial, synthetic, viscose polyester fiber and with subsequent export to neighboring countries.

Geographically, Russia is located next to China and Turkey, where the main markets for polyester fiber products are located. It is planned to send for export to the CIS countries up to 70-100 tons of predominantly viscose products per year.

Viscose is a cheap material, but enough cellulose is produced in Russia for this raw material. It is technical textile raw materials that are in demand on the world market today. Thus, support will be provided to light industry workers. It is planned to export viscose fiber and threads up to 6,000,000 tons to Turkey, Africa, and Europe.

While the textile industry is in decline. But rather encouraging data comes from Rosstat. It remains to be hoped that the rehabilitation of this industry in the coming years will be carried out in full.