Bright unpretentious viola: varieties and technology of growing from seeds. Types and varieties of viols: which ones to choose

Viola, a small plant with amazing bright colors, has conquered more than one gardener. This miniature beauty belongs to the violet family, whose representatives are known on almost all continents.

More common is another name for the viola, namely pansies. It is a small, cross-pollinating plant with a fibrous root system. Selection of viola varieties began in 1683 and continues in our time.

Now there are more than 700 species and different varieties of viola, which find their admirers among flower growers. The sizes of plants and the shape of the flowers are different, and, of course, the growing conditions and propagation methods.

Being a plant of compact size with a wide range of colors, the viola does not go unnoticed and gains more and more fans every year. Unusual flowers, the diameter of which is from 3 to 10 cm, can be either monophonic, or two, or even tricolor with a contrasting eye in the center of the flower. Dark green leaves are found both round and elongated with divided stipules.

Viola Wittrock

It is the most common species (Viola Vittrockiana), it received its name in honor of the Swedish professor Veit Wittrock, who wrote a whole book about this plant.

This hybrid is derived from several popular species, such as Altai viola, horned viola, yellow and tricolor, as well as some others. It is this type of viola that is most often found on sale, which everyone loved with a variety of varieties and colors.

Wittrock's violet tolerates shading well, but the flowering becomes not so lush, although it is long-lasting. According to the number of flowers on the plant during flowering, as well as their size, Wittrock's viola can be divided into two main groups, namely: large-flowered and multi-flowered varieties. Otherwise, without clear boundaries between varietal lines, this viola is conditionally divided into single-color, spotted and varieties with a two-color flower color.

Varieties of viola Wittrock one-color:

• Rua de Negri - small bushes grow up to 23 cm, a flower, with slightly wavy edges, from 4 to 6 cm. The eye is bright yellow, which stands out effectively against the background of black velvet petals. Flowering continues from April to October, and with good shelter, tolerates winter well;
• white viola - the bush of this violet is sprawling and grows up to 22 cm high. Long peduncles are decorated with white, slightly tinted with a greenish tint, delicate flowers. This variety pleases with its flowering from April, takes a break at the end of August, and blooms again at the end of September to delight flower growers in October;
• viola red - the diameter of a bright red flower with a dark eye can reach 7 cm, and the height of a dark green bush reaches 20 cm;
• Blue Boy - blooming since April, this beautiful lilac-blue flower 6 cm in diameter is sure to captivate flower growers. Its streaks of dark lilac color attract the eye, and 19 delicate flowers blooming at the same time will not leave anyone indifferent.

Bicolor varieties of Wittrock:

• Lord Beaconsfield - bluish bushes 25 cm tall, strewn with numerous pale blue flowers, dark purple strokes on which do not go unnoticed. The diameter of these bright flowers is about 5 cm. The variety tolerates winter well, and in spring it will delight with friendly flowering;
• Jupiter - this variety has a small bush of bright green color, capable of reaching 16 cm in height. Peduncles crowned with rounded flowers of pale purple color. The lower petals have a velvety effect and are colored thickly. purple hues. The diameter of the flowers of the Jupiter variety reaches 5 cm, and their number reaches 20 pieces;
• Sent Kund - almost simultaneously blooming 19 flowers of this variety delight the eye with rather large (up to 5 cm in diameter) flowers, which have absorbed numerous shades of orange and yellow. The compact plants grow to 21 cm tall and continue to delight growers throughout the summer and fall.

Viola spotted, varieties

• hybrid Eyes of the tiger - small in diameter, the flowers of this hybrid are distinguished by bright colors, in which brown strokes diverge on yellow petals. The early flowering of this viola will please with a pleasant aroma and an abundance of inflorescences;
• Shalom Purim - In the shade, this viola will give the garden a beautiful view of heavily frilled flowers. An improved form of the Rococo viola, it has very large flowers and is sold in a variety of color mixtures;
• hybrid Cassis is a winter-hardy plant with beautiful purple flowers with a thin white border that runs along the edges of the petals. The bush is compact, abundantly strewn with medium-sized flowers.

Viola Wittrock ampelous

This variety was bred not so long ago, but already rightfully occupies not last place in hanging containers, decorating terraces and balconies. Scourges, up to 40 cm long, can also serve as groundcover, forming beautiful, flower-studded, green bedspreads up to 80 cm in diameter. The most common varieties of ampelous viola are Violet Wing and Golden Yellow.

Viola horned

The winter hardiness of these plants mainly depends on what exactly, a hybrid or variety, is planted on the site. Species varieties tolerate winter cold well, but hybrids can simply freeze out and be lost.

A slightly curved spur serves as an important distinction, reaching a length of up to 16 mm, it is located on the back of the flower. The modest flowers of viola horned have a diameter of 3 to 5 cm. The color palette of species varieties starts from pale lilac, turning to blue, and ending in purple hues. The center of the flower is decorated with a permanent yellow eye. Hybrids, on the other hand, have a more varied color, which is represented by blue, white, red, as well as orange and yellow shades flowers that have a rather pleasant aroma.

Viola horn is perfect for growing in flower beds and in pots. An important feature of this type of violet is that it can easily cross-pollinate with other types of viola, while the resulting hybrids are unlikely to be similar to the plants that were originally planted.

Some varieties of viola horned:

• Hansa, this variety will delight flower growers with blue-violet and blue flowers;
• Pearl Duet - a pair of upper petals of this variety has a bright burgundy color, and the lower petals are decorated with dark strokes on a pink background;
• Arkwright Ruby - This variety is distinguished by large flowers of bright red. The lower petals are slightly covered with dark spots, and the eye, in the center of the flower, stands out for its yellow color.

Fragrant violet

As a perennial plant, it often grows wild. Long bare peduncles rise above dark green foliage to a height of 15 cm. The creeping rhizome gives above-ground rosettes, from which rounded leaves with lanceolate stipules grow.

The whole plant is covered with fine hairs. Single flowers consist of five petals and are often dark purple, but fragrant and white viola is also found. The main difference between this type of violets is their pleasant and memorable aroma. After pollination, the flowers form a seed pod, which lies along with the fading peduncle on the root litter.

Cultivars of fragrant violets already have a wider range of colors, and have very large flowers.

Some varieties of fragrant viola:

• Triumph - has fairly large flowers;
• Red charm - has purple flowers;
• Rosina - flowers of this variety are pinkish in color with a dark pink eye. Possessing a fragrant aroma, the flower itself is similar in appearance to a flying bird, since its two upper petals are slightly pushed back, and the side ones are forward;
• Tzar - being a representative of fragrant viola, it has a very pleasant aroma and beautiful flowers lilac hue.

Viola clobuche

This violet is also known as moth violet. A growing plant up to 22 cm high, which has single flowers of a rather large size, often of a maroon color. The articulated rhizome of this violet is not very deep and can also develop in sufficiently moist soil, since the hooded violet, being a marsh plant, can easily tolerate complete immersion in water, for example, during the rainy season.

Common varieties of clobuche violet:

• Royal Robe is a compact plant with fragrant flowers ranging in color from violet-blue to purple hues. The recurved petals of this violet are adorned with subtle strokes of yellow and black;
• Freckles is the most unpretentious variety, whose flowering state falls on spring time. Sufficiently large white flowers strewn with small purple dots.

Sowing seeds for seedlings

For a blooming viola to decorate a balcony or garden beds already at the beginning of summer, then the seeds must be sown at the end of February.

As containers for seedlings, you can use various containers, pots and washed bags from natural juices and milk. The soil for sowing viola seeds should be moisture-intensive and provide the seedlings with sufficient nutrition. For self-preparation of the substrate, garden soil with the addition of humus and peat is also suitable, for planting viola for seedlings, they are perfect peat tablets pre-soaked and placed in suitable trays or containers.

The main methods of sowing viola seeds

1. Embedding seeds in the soil

Since violet seeds germinate well in the dark, covering the plantings with soil meets this requirement. With this method of sowing, the location of the landing tray is not of fundamental importance.

For sowing you need:

• pre-prepare a sufficiently loose soil;
• at a distance of about 1 cm, make shallow, about 6 mm, grooves;
• in the grooves made we lay out the seeds of the viola with an interval of 1 - 2 cm;
• sprinkle plantings with soil and spill with water;
• cover the container with planted seeds cling film or glass, not forgetting to ventilate 2 times a day;
• the room temperature required for the germination of viola seeds should be at least 20 degrees.

1. Sowing seeds without incorporation into the soil

Many growers use a method that eliminates the deepening of seeds in the soil, this method provides faster germination, but requires placing containers with plantings in a dark place.

How to plant seeds without embedding in the soil:

• the soil prepared in containers should be shed in advance with warm water;
• seeds are laid out on the surface of the soil and covered with glass or film;
• place the crops in a dark place and air the covered plantings every day.

After germination, the film is removed from the container, and the senets are placed in a cool place under diffused sunlight. As a care for seedlings, there will be top dressing carried out twice a month.

Seedling picking

Viola seedlings in the phase of two true leaves, subsequent picking is done when planting young plants directly in open ground. There is also an opinion that seedlings should be dived 2 times, namely after 2 to 3 weeks after the first pick.

Planting seeds in open ground

If you sow violet seeds in open ground in the middle of summer, then in May or early June of the next year, the plant will begin to bloom. To save plantings, it is recommended to cover them with mulch or spruce branches for the winter.

Cultivation and care

Many varieties, for long flowering, prefer partial shade. good place, for planting in the garden, there will be a near-stem circle of plums and tall shrubs, which, growing, will provide the viola with the necessary shading. However, on sunny place these plants bloom more luxuriantly, forming large flowers. Sufficient watering is very important for all types of "pansies", but planting them in the lowlands can lead to rotting of the roots.

At the end of summer, the viola begins to massively form seed pods, which, when ripe, shoot their seeds in different directions. This makes it very difficult to collect them. Some flower growers solve this problem by tying gauze bags to the unripe testicles.

Viola responds well to feeding mineral fertilizers, but does not respond well to fresh organics. And if you remove faded flowers, you can prolong the overall flowering of plants, which have more nutrients left.

Almost all violas are winter-hardy, but some hybrids and varieties require additional shelter, especially in winters with little snow. Pine branches that trap small snowfalls will help protect plants from freezing.

Viola propagation by cuttings

The most suitable period for vegetative propagation violets is the end of May and the first month of summer. If this period is observed, then the rooted plants will bloom in the same year.

For cuttings, stems with 2-3 knots are cut off, then they are planted in the soil in a shaded corner of the garden. For rooting, the cut stem can be planted in boxes or containers by dipping the end of the cutting with one knot into the ground. Be sure to monitor the moisture content of the soil, so the plant will definitely take root.

When the viola cuttings form their root system, they can be transplanted to the chosen place.

Propagation of viola by layering

Reproduction by layering requires very little time and effort. It is enough to choose the longest shoots and press them to the soil, and then sprinkle with earth. This procedure is best done in the first month of autumn, so by the time of severe frosts, the layers will have time to take root. In the spring, when the plants acquire foliage, they can be seated. The method of reproduction by layering will preserve the characteristics of the variety and facilitate reproduction.

Viola diseases

Gray rot

fluffy plaque gray color, which covers the flowers of the plant, are a sign of gray rot. Under this coating, the flower and seeds begin to rot, the process of damage accelerates with high humidity, which is accompanied by an excess of nitrogen in the soil and a lack of sunlight. Of the chemicals, to combat the disease, suitable: "Kaptan" and "Polymarcin", "Cinebom" and "Fundazol".

Blackleg

Seedlings and young shoots are most susceptible to the "black leg". The base of the stem begins to darken and becomes thin. The plant, being green, falls to the ground and dies. Factors contributing to the development of the disease can be waterlogging, strong shading of plantings, dense crops. The soil should be disinfected, for this you can use "Fundazol".

powdery mildew

The loss of decorativeness of plants occurs due to the defeat of the buds and leaves of the viola. They are covered with a white coating, and then a lot of black dots, which are the body of the fungus. This disease spreads with heavy dews, which are replaced by a dry and sunny day. During treatment, the plant is treated with "Derozol", "Kuprozon" and "Karatan".

spotting

When the violet wilts and the leaves dry, spots appear, usually on the lower part of the plant, this can be a sign of various kinds of spots. If this happens, then it is necessary to destroy the affected plant residues and treat the soil with Bordeaux liquid at an interval of two weeks.

Viola pests

gall nematode

When a gall nematode appears, galls form on the roots, in which the larvae of this pest develop. When ripe, they again fall into the soil and infect the roots of plants.

To prevent the reproduction of the gall nematode, a week before planting, sodium nitrate is added to the soil.

spider mite

Not very often chooses, as an object of attack, a viola. If this still happens, then the leaves of the plant begin to turn yellow and curl, as the tick sucks out its juices.

To combat this pest, "Fufafon", "Talstar" and "Colloid Sulfur" are suitable.

ground scoop

The caterpillars of these butterflies are grayish-yellow, they damage the roots of the viola, as well as the growing point of the plant.

To reduce the damage caused by this pest, weeds that attract caterpillars should be removed. Also, until the flowering of the viola, they spray "Inta-Vir", "Kinmiks", "Fufafon".

Mother-of-pearl violet

Butterflies of the Nymphalidae family fly almost all summer, and their caterpillars feed on violet leaves. Against them, spraying with tobacco infusion and treatment with Iskra-Bio is suitable.

Growing viola, or garden violet, left no one indifferent. Bright flowers, forming lush hats, can be an adornment of any garden all summer long.

Wittrock violet, also known as viola or pansies, are unpretentious flowers with abundant and bright flowering, used to decorate balconies, flower beds and alpine slides. How to plant and grow her seedlings, which variety is better to choose, will be of interest to flower growers who want to grow her in a greenhouse.

Choosing a variety for planting

Among the varietal variety of viola, the most popular varieties and forms are:

• with spectacular bright coloring - one-color, two-color and spotted;
• low maintenance and disease resistant.

Based on these preferences, it is recommended to choose varieties for growing viola seedlings in a greenhouse:

1. "Alpensee" - blooms with dark purple large flowers with a yellow eye in the center.
2. "Bambini" - the contrasting petals of this flower has a characteristic mark in the form of cilia.
3. "F1 Cristal Bowl White" - large - about 10 cm in diameter flowers, white with a mark in the form of a yellow eye and a wavy edge of the petals.
4. "Delta Pure Deep Orange" - flowers orange color without marks.
5. "Firnengold" - yellow flowers with a diameter of more than 6 cm, have a mark in the form of a purple spot on the lower petal.
6. "Majestic Giant II Scherry" - flowers about 10 cm in size, pink-cherry with a dark cherry spot in the center, may have a yellow rim.
7. 'Maxim Marina' - purple-white flowers with a purple spot in the center and a yellow eye.

In addition, Pure White, Reingold, Skyline Orange, Tangenne, Four Seasons, Lemon Violets, Rippling Waters varieties are distinguished by excellent decorative qualities.

How to plant Wittrock violet

Particularly valuable Wittrock violets in greenhouse conditions can be propagated by layering and cuttings, but the most popular method of propagating this flower is the seed method.

For growing Wittrock violets, it is recommended to choose a fertilized loamy soil with a neutral reaction, which should be pre-steamed or treated with a solution of potassium permanganate, well moistened. You can also plant seedlings in soil mixture, consisting of equal proportions garden soil, humus and peat. There are 2 common ways to plant a viola - with a deepening in the ground and surface.

1. In the greenhouse, sowing of viola seeds is carried out from January to March, in addition, autumn sowing of seeds is also practiced. The seeds sown in the furrows, at a distance of 1-2 cm from each other, should be sprinkled on top with peat, sand or soil, moistened with a spray bottle. The width between the rows-furrows is 1 cm. Cover with polyethylene. Twice a day, the film should be opened for 10 minutes to remove the resulting condensation. During this period, the temperature inside the greenhouse is 22-25 ° C. After 1-2 weeks, shoots will appear.
2. Another way to effectively plant viola seeds is to sow them superficially, without embedding them in the ground. For what, on the surface of well-moistened soil, spread the violet seeds 2 cm apart. Cover with a dark film, which should be opened daily to remove condensation. At this method sowing, seedlings appear a little earlier.

Attention! As Wittrock's violet cultivation experiments show, it is best to grow its seedlings using peat tablets. They are saturated nutrients, retain heat well, do not retain water. Thanks to all these qualities, peat tablets provide a high degree of survival of viola seedlings. To grow seeds, the tablets should be kept in water until they swell, and then seeds are placed on top of them and lightly covered with soil.

The winter planting of Wittrock's violet blooms in late May-early June, if the seeds are sown in March, the flowers will appear in late summer, the summer planting of seeds ensures abundant flowering of the viola in spring.

How to grow seedlings

In the first days after the emergence of seedlings, it is recommended to continue to cover the seedlings with a film, slightly opening it at least 2 times a day, gradually increasing the duration of ventilation. After a week, the film can be completely removed. Care during this period consists of regular watering, without waterlogging the soil. As soon as the seedlings have 2 true leaves, it can be dived.

Attention! Wittrock's violet tolerates transplanting well, so even if the seedlings are damaged root system, it will still take root if, during transplantation, it is deepened to cotyledon leaves.

Deep planting of seedlings contributes to the formation of compact bushes and a powerful root system. To increase the bushiness of the viola, it is recommended to pinch it after the appearance of 3 leaves.

Viola care is frequent watering, since it does not tolerate even short-term drying of the soil, in addition, it needs loosening and weeding.
With the onset of flowering, the violet should be provided regular feeding universal fertilizer, conducting it every 2 weeks, for example, with a solution of the drug "Agricola-7".

Violets grow quickly, forming compact bushes 10-25 cm high. They bloom profusely - for several months, in order to prolong flowering, it is recommended to constantly trim wilted buds and stretched shoots.

Attention! If Wittrock's violet has begun to bloom less, its bushes can be rejuvenated and stimulated to bloom if they are cut to a height of up to 12 cm, watered well and fed.

Growing problems

Despite its unpretentiousness, Wittrock's violet is susceptible to some fungal diseases:

• spotting. fungal disease, affecting the foliage of the viola, forming on it dark spots. You can get rid of the disease by spraying with antifungal drugs and isolating the affected plants;
• root rot. Plants affected by this fungal disease should be destroyed, and all others should be treated with a fungicide;
• downy mildew. A fungal disease that affects the viola as a result of a violation of growing technology: evening watering, non-compliance with the temperature regime, water entering the foliage. You can get rid of the disease with the help of fungicides;
• blackleg. A fungal disease that develops, like downy mildew, as a result of a violation of agricultural technology. Affected plants should be removed, the rest should be sprayed with a fungicide or a soda-soap solution.

Growing Wittrock violets in closed ground conditions provides abundant flowering plants from spring to autumn. Compliance with the basic methods of agricultural technology will make their cultivation simple and enjoyable.

Growing violet Wittrock - video

Wittrock violet - photo

Viola is better known as Pansies, which is just one of the varieties. The plant is very common for growing in flower beds. In our latitudes, Viola is represented as annual plant, pleasing with its bright petals almost all summer. There are over 400 varieties of this delicate plant.

plant description

They belong to the Violet family and before cultivation grew mainly in mountainous areas, where temperate climate. Most often this is the Northern Hemisphere, but they were also found in subtropical Brazil and even in tropical Australia and South Africa, the islands of New Zealand and the Sandwich Islands.

Its beautiful open buds were noticed even before our era and were used as decoration of festive wreaths, garlands on the streets and in houses. The first records of the cultivation of these violets date back to 1683. Since the 19th century, Viola has appeared in Europe, and is increasingly popularized, cultivated and "gives birth" to new varieties.

Viola is considered a low herbaceous plant - 15-30 centimeters. The flower on the spur is solitary with a long peduncle. The color of the opened bud is incredibly diverse, as is the diameter of the flower. The variety depends on the size, shape and color, and there are already a great many of them.

The plant is not particularly capricious and even easily tolerates a transplant during flowering. The flowering period is quite large - either from August to frost, or from the second half of March until the very end of May. Flowers love spaces open to the sun, but still a strong sun burns Viola. Feels quite comfortable in the shade, but the flowers are a little smaller and turn pale.

Species and varieties

All varieties of these violets cannot be listed immediately. But there are differences in appearance and size that form the Viola species. Each species has its own unique varieties. This plant also has a distinction in flower diameter: small-flowered (up to 6 centimeters), medium-flowered (up to 7.5 centimeters), large-flowered (up to 8.5 centimeters), giants (more than 8.5 centimeters).

Tricolor

This Viola tricolor is also called Wild Pansies. The flowers are small - 1.5 centimeters in diameter. Most often yellow, blue, white, purple. The middle is yellow. It blooms for a very long time - from the first warming in April until September.

Tricolor

It is characterized by unpretentiousness, as it grows remarkably even on poor soils. Refers to annual or biennial plants, but can survive the winter, losing its decorative effect. It is considered not only an ornament, but also a medicinal herb.

Horned

Viola cornuta already belongs to perennial flowers that do not lose their decorative effect over the years. However, everything will depend on its frost resistance, and most hybrids cannot boast of this. They grow well both in open ground and in pots. Flowering can be enjoyed from warming in April until the very first frost.

It stands out among other Viols with a slightly curved spur behind the bud, 10-15 centimeters long. This spur is somewhat similar to the spur of aconites or delphiniums.. The flowers are also small - up to 3-x-5 centimeters. They also have a yellow eye, and the petals are purple, lilac and blue.

Some varieties are also other, more bright colors- from white and cream, to yellow and red tones.

The most famous varieties:

• Hansa;
• Columbine;
• Alba;
• etain;
• Boughton Blue.

Viola Wittrock

This species is just known as Pansies and was bred as a hybrid of the Tricolor, Horned, Altai and Yellow Viols. Viola Wittrockiana has flowers of various diameters - from 6 to 11 centimeters. Petals are always bright, may have strokes, veins and spots.

The best varieties:

• F1 Cristal Bowl White;

F1 Cristal Bowl White

• Firnengold;
• bambini;
• Tangenne;
• Majestic Giant II Sherry;
• Delta Pure Deep Orange;
• pure white;
• Maxim Marina;
• Skyline Orange;
• Reingold.

The Universal Series stands out separately. The flowers are mostly mid-flowered with a wide variety of colors. Flowering in Pansies is long - from the first heat to frost, but much depends on the variety. The variety also affects the "life span" of the whole plant.

Wittrock Ampelnaya

This variety was bred not so long ago, but it is distinguished by its magnificence. A whole cushion of Pansies that hangs amazingly from the pot. This variety is best grown in a pot to reveal all the beauty.

It belongs to two-year-olds, but can please with flowering in the first year. In the second year after sowing, it blooms very early and blooms all summer.

Viola Williams

Another incredible hybrid is Viola williamsii. This two-year-old was bred from crossing Pansies and Viola Horned. The growth of the stem of this Viola is up to 30 centimeters, and the flowers are 3-4 centimeters. The color of the petals is as varied as that of Wittrock, but there is no familiar “face” around the “eye”. Varieties are found both bush and ampelous:

• Pearl Falls;

pearl waterfall

• Amber kiss;
• Froze chocolate;
• Sparkler.

moth

Viola Sosria, also called Motylkovaya, is a shrub violet and perennial. Viola sororia can grow up to 20 centimeters. It usually blooms once in mid-spring, but may re-bloom in late summer. The bush itself is quite compact on which buds up to 2.5 centimeters bloom. The characteristic color of the petals is white, blue-violet, white-blue.

There are varieties:

• Albiflora;
• freeckles;
• Ruba.

Fragrant Viola

Viola odorata is characterized by a rich fragrant smell, which earned it its name. It was taken as a basis by the cosmetics industry in many industries. It can grow for several years, but loses its decorative effect. very unusual in its appearance, and the flowers are only up to 2 centimeters.

It is found in different shades: white, purple, blue, yellow, pink, red, purple.

Flowering falls in the middle of spring, occasionally blooms again at the end of summer. The bushes themselves are up to 15 centimeters in height, but with dense planting, they form a magnificent carpet. It can be grown both at home and in open ground.

Known varieties:

• La France;
• Marie Louise;
• Coeur d'Alsace;
• Lydia Groves;
• Orchid Pink;
• Ashvale Blue;
• Alba.

The variety of Viols is impressive, which is why they are very popular. They are grown not only in home gardens and flower beds, but also decorate the streets of the city. In general, the plant is unpretentious and quite easy to grow from seed.

Growing from seeds

Growing from seeds gives an advantage in the speed of growth and maturation of the flower. When germinating seeds, Viola can bloom as early as mid-spring. It is better to engage in germination in February, soaking the seeds in any biostimulator. The stimulating drug is diluted according to the instructions for this stimulant. Seeds must be soaked overnight.

At this time, you can do the tank and soil. Any container is suitable, but it is better to take a special soil - violet. He meets in flower shops. For convenience, make grooves in the container with soil and sow the seeds in them and, at the end, sprinkle each beard with soil. After pour everything with settled water and cover the container.

Glass or thick film is suitable for covering. Place the container in a room with a temperature within +15°C.

Sowing

It is quite possible to sow Viola in open ground. The best time- May. When sowing holes, 2-3 seeds are placed in each. And the number of seeds per furrow is calculated as 50-60 pieces per meter of furrow. It is not necessary to sow deeply - 0.5-0.7 centimeters is enough.

From above, the seeds are sprinkled with earth and watered. Sprouts appear quite quickly, but it is advisable to cover them with a film. So the sun will not be scorching for them. As soon as the sprouts are 2 weeks old, you can safely remove the film.

seedling care

Seedlings also appear quite quickly. In a week or a maximum of one and a half, the first Violas will turn green. Then you need to remove the film or glass. It is advisable to move the entire container to a place even cooler - there should be a temperature not higher than + 10 ° C. The light is desirable diffused and any bright5 rays are contraindicated.

At this time, it is very important to monitor the soil moisture - it must not be overdried and flooded. It should just always be wet. It should be fertilized twice a month with complex mineral fertilizers.

picking

Picking causes a lot of controversy among flower growers and opinions are divided into 2 fronts. Some argue that picking is required for the first time, when Viola formed 2 true leaves. And the second is needed in a couple of weeks. And it should be carried out according to the scheme 6 by 6.

The second side claims that the second pick is completely superfluous, because the role of the second pick is performed by the landing itself in the ground. Therefore, the plant is not always dived for the second time. And transplanting can take place even when Viola blooms. And she will continue to bloom.

Landing in open ground

The landing time depends on the climate, but usually it is April-May. In order for Viola to please you with flowering for as long as possible, it is better to choose a sunny place for her. However, it is important that at least a few hours a day, a shadow still falls on the place of Viola's growth. If there is no such place, then it can be planted in a shaded place. It's just that the color of the petal will be less saturated, and the diameter of the bud itself will become a little smaller.

It is important to prepare the soil. For Viola, a combination of crushed (not very finely) coal, dry bird droppings or humus is ideal. Moreover, for 10 parts of the earth, only 2 parts of each fertilizer are needed. Coal will not only fertilize, but also perform the functions of drainage.

Another composition of peat, humus, soddy soil and sand is also suitable. You need to take one part of sand, and two of all other components. It is important that Viola does not grow somewhere in the lowlands or close to groundwater. The roots of the beauty do not tolerate the abundance of moisture and stagnant water.

Landing in the ground

There are no special recommendations for the landing itself. The location of the plants depends on the size of the future bush. For mid-flowered, it is enough to leave 10-15 centimeters between the holes. It is advisable to prepare the wells in advance. Viola is placed there, the roots are sprinkled with earth and must be watered.

Care

It should immediately be noted that every 3 years Viola must be transplanted. In the process of transplanting, the bushes should be divided among themselves so that the plant does not grow much, and the flowers do not shrink, losing their decorative effect. Many varieties of Viol are perfectly propagated by cuttings.

Of the features of care, it is important to maintain the earth in a loose state and in sufficient moisture. If the climate is not very hot, then additional watering is not necessary. In hot weather, you will have to water additionally. Loosening is necessary because of the shallow root system. It only grows up to 15-20 centimeters in depth. Weeds must be disposed of so that the flower could receive all the necessary substances from the soil.

It is advisable to fertilize the soil once a month. Let's go superphosphate or ammonium nitrate: on square meter about 25-30 grams of fertilizer.

Diseases and pests

Caring for Viola is completely uncomplicated. And its observance prevents the appearance of diseases in the plant. To a greater extent, Viola is not susceptible to diseases, but problems such as:

• powdery mildew. It looks like a gray or whitish coating on leaves, stems and buds. It usually occurs due to the gardener's passion for nitrogen fertilizers or from using only them. It is solved by spraying a solution of ordinary soda ash with soap or ground sulfur. Fundazol can also help. With prolonged Viola illness, repeat spraying after a couple of weeks;

powdery mildew

• black rot or gray leg. Provoked by improper temperature conditions of cultivation, soil moisture and air. Only the normalization of growing conditions can help here. All diseased plants will have to be removed. The land where the "epidemic" occurred must be treated with foundationazole;
• spotting. Because of it, the whole flower weakens, and the leaves dry. In this case, only healthy bushes can be saved, and it is desirable to burn all damaged ones altogether. The entire garden can be at risk if spotting is ignored. Treat undamaged Violas with Bordeaux liquid several times with a break of a couple of weeks.

Of the insects, you should be wary of several caterpillars: mother-of-pearl violet and clover scoop. Both die from spraying tobacco infusion or chlorophos. Other pests Violam are not afraid.

Viola after flowering

You can collect seeds after flowering at the very end of summer or early autumn. In place of bright flowers, small boxes appear, where the seeds were formed. As soon as this box "turned" up - the seeds can be collected. All boxes are cut, seeds are taken out and dried indoors. It is advisable to store them in the refrigerator.

Seed collection

When seeds are left on flowers, spontaneous self-seeding often occurs. It is impossible to predict where young Violas will appear, but you can notice them even in autumn. They can "hatch" in the spring. In this case, Violas can be threaded and planted, which greatly facilitates the process of growing flowers.

For the winter, covering with foliage or spruce branches is enough. Some varieties are resistant to temperatures down to -30°C. All one-year-olds are simply removed.

Video

An example of growing viola from seeds, see the video

Conclusion

Viola - non-capricious and incredible beautiful plant. This beauty is suitable for any area. With it, it is possible to create incredible "carpets" and even entire compositions. perennial varieties will support your idea at every weight, ampelous varieties will decorate any planter, and fragrant varieties enchanted with aromas.

Wittrock's violet is the well-known Pansies. Perennial with flowers that have a characteristic "eye" that distinguishes them from other flowers. Found naturally in temperate climatic zones Oh. A hybrid violet that was bred in the 19th century in England. Named after the director of the Bergen Botanical Gardens.

Description

These are compact plants with a height of 15-40 cm. The leaves are oval in shape and dark green in color. Flowers can be 5-10 cm in diameter. They have five petals, three of which form a characteristic "eye".

Coloring can be varied, with complex color transitions. The simplest option is a yellow center surrounded by a black spot, with white, yellow, red and blue petals.

There are simple and terry varieties. They bloom all summer until mid-autumn. Usually grown as biennials. After flowering, they form boxes with seeds that are sown on their own. In this way, it is possible to ensure the continuous growth of pansies in the garden.

Varieties

Today, many varieties have been bred that differ in color, degree of doubleness, and duration of flowering. The most common varieties:

1. Simple:

• Bambini - yellow flowers with a purple transition and brown stripes from the center of the petals;
• Firnengold - lemon petals with a black "eye";
• Maxim Marina - the transition of colors from the center to the edges: yellow, dark purple, white, purple;
• Tangenne - white petals with a black "eye";
• Universal Series - white petals with a yellow center and purple cilia.

1. Semi-double:

• Alpensee - dark purple flowers with a yellow center;
• Delta Pure Deep Orange - peach petals;
• Pure White - white petals with a yellow center;
• Adonis - blue petals with a transition to white, yellow center;
• Joker - orange-purple color with a black "eye".

1. Terry:

• Cristal Bowl White - white flowers with a yellow center;
• Rococo - purple petals with white edging and a yellow center;
• Chalon Supreme - white-lilac color with a yellow earring;
• Terry lace is a mixture of blue, yellow and purple.

In the flower beds, both plain Wittrock violets and multi-colored ones look good. You can plant varieties of the same species nearby, or you can combine different ones. The main thing is to pick them up according to the height and size of the flowers so that the composition looks holistic.

reproduction

Wittrock violet - unpretentious flower, which is loved by many gardeners and landscape designers. It goes well with all flowers: tulips, daffodils, asters,. It is planted in open areas, along borders and under trees.

Delicate, refined viola, belonging to the famous Violet family, is so well known to everyone that it is impossible to find a person who is not familiar with the plant, which in Russia is also called "pansies". Everyone can grow such a flower.

Wild representatives of this genus - the oldest plants, common, as a rule, in the mountainous regions of the temperate climatic zones of the Northern Hemisphere, existed more than two millennia ago. There are up to seven hundred varieties of them, and some of them are endemic to certain areas, for example, there are species found exclusively in the South American Andes, the Brazilian subtropics, the forests of Australia or New Zealand.

In the 16th century, then the mountain was cultivated. Europeans got acquainted with the species, called Wittrock's viola, which is a hybrid of three plants - viola yellow, tricolor and Altai, in the 19th century. Today, this garden species has become the most popular culture, numbering several hundred varieties and varieties and decorating the gardens and parks of all European countries. Let's talk about this culture, its passions, cultivation and care features.

Viola Wittrock: description of the species

This famous violet is a perennial, biennial or annual herbaceous plant, reaching 15-30 cm in height, with a straight main shoot.

Different varieties have differently arranged leaves, simple or pinnate: equipped with stipules, they either develop from a basal rosette, or are alternately arranged on the stems. solitary, growing from axils on thin peduncles and reaching very large sizes (5-7 cm in diameter), given the overall diminutiveness of the bush. In shape, they are simple, terry with wavy, corrugated or fringed edges. The upper petals of the flowers have peculiar marigolds, the lower ones with a small spur. The colors of the flowers of cultivated varieties are the most diverse: one- and multi-color, spotted, striped. Gardeners are especially fond of the fact that Wittrock's viola blooms generously, blooming up to 25 buds at the same time. The flowering period depends on the time of planting: from April to June or from August to the very cold. There are hybrids that can bloom all summer season. Ripened small brown seeds are collected in a fruit box. They remain viable for more than 2 years.

garden classification

A perennial grown in gardens as a biennial plant and the most common type of violet in culture, called Wittrock's viola, combines varieties of garden pansies, classifying them into different categories: timing and duration of flowering, shape, size, color of flowers, their degree of cold resistance.

So, if the size of the flowers and their number, simultaneously blooming on a bush, are taken as the basis, then the viola varieties are divided into large-flowered varieties called grandiflora and multi-flowered - multiflora. When selected as a criterion for coloring, varieties are conditionally classified into one-, two-, multi-color or spotted. A clear classification that defines the boundaries of varieties does not exist, since it is simply impossible to determine, because the same variety can be defined simultaneously in a group of spotted, two-color or multi-color.

Popular varieties

We will not dwell on listing all varieties and varieties, but let's talk about the most popular varieties today. For example, Wittrock's "Baroque" viola received recognition and love from gardeners - a spectacular, unpretentious culture that grows up to 30 cm and pleases abundant flowering large bordered burgundy-terracotta flowers throughout the summer season. disembarked seedling way, this violet blooms in the year of planting. beauty and bright colors enchants viola Wittrock "Baroque". Photos of this variety are presented in the article. The flowers reach a very significant size - 5-7 cm in diameter.

Viola Wittrock "Terry Lace" is even more decorative, from the name of which it becomes clear that this violet is the owner of large (6-8 cm) flowers amazing beauty with embossed corrugated edge. This variety is remarkable for a high degree of winter hardiness, unpretentiousness, the ability to develop excellently on soils of any composition and maintain continuous flowering throughout the season.

Viola Wittrock: cultivation

Viola is hardy and frost-resistant, it grows excellently in the shade, although it blooms more abundantly in the sun and its flowers are larger. Therefore, the site is chosen as sunny as possible, located at some elevation, without a close approach groundwater. It has been noticed that violet can successfully grow on any, even the heaviest soils, but prefers moist, fertile loams. Before planting a plant, the soil on the site should be prepared by digging a shovel onto a bayonet and adding 10 kg of humus and peat and 5 kg of sand per 1 square meter.

Sowing for seedlings

Seedlings are considered the best way to grow viola. This makes it possible to get blooming flower bed already in the summer, while the seeds sown in June in open ground will go through a two-year cycle of development and flowers will appear by the beginning of next summer.

These are botanical features a plant such as Viola Wittrock. Growing from seeds begins in February-March with soaking for a day in a biostimulant solution, for example, Epin, Zircon or Heteroauxin, the concentration of which corresponds to the recommendations in the instructions for the drug. Seedling containers are filled with a special substrate for violets purchased at the store, grooves are marked, prepared seeds are sown and watered with settled water. After sprinkling the seeds with soil, the containers are covered with a transparent film or glass and installed in a room with an air temperature of 15-17˚С.

Seedling and picking

Shoots appear after 10-15 days. As soon as germination begins, the film cover is removed, and the boxes with seedlings are placed in a bright, cool place (+10˚С). Seedling care during this period consists of regular watering. warm water and adding a solution complex fertilizer for seedlings every two weeks. With the advent of several true leaves, the grown seedlings are seated in separate pots. As a rule, this happens about a month and a half after germination.

With intensive seedling growth, you have to dive the viola again, but usually one dive operation is enough. In addition, the amazing endurance of the violet allows it to take root well in the flower bed even after planting flowering plants.

Terms of landing on a flower bed

Viola seedlings are planted in open ground, focusing on the climatic features of the area. This usually happens at the end of April or May. The main thing is to plant the plant after the threat of return frosts has passed, since the fragile and unrooted violets will not endure sharp cold snaps. The planting technology is simple: the seedlings are placed in prepared holes with an interval of 10-15 cm, the roots are sprinkled with earth, the soil is compacted around the plants and watered generously. Perennial varieties of viola grow strongly and eventually lose their decorative effect. Their best varieties are easily propagated by cuttings.

Viola care in the open field

The complex of caring activities is simple and traditional for planting crops such as Wittrock's viola.

Care consists in periodic loosening of the soil and the removal of germinating weeds. Given the peculiarities of the development of the root system of the plant, and it is superficial and located no deeper than 15-20 cm, the level of humidity should be controlled and the soil should be kept moist during hot periods. To prolong flowering, it is necessary to cut off the faded buds, since the ripening of the seeds draws on the strength of the plant, significantly reducing the intensity of flowering.

In addition, high-quality flowering is impossible without good top dressing. Viola Wittrock responds with luxurious flowering for a monthly application ammonium nitrate or superphosphate in the amount of 25-30 grams per 1 square meter.

The listed care steps are acceptable for all varieties of garden violets, including those such as Wittrock's "Baroque" viola. Growing seedlings from seeds and subsequent planting in open ground is the most reliable way obtaining a bright flowerbed, colored with all the colors of the rainbow.

Viola diseases and pests

Agrotechnics for growing violets is simple, but failure to comply with these simple rules leads to problems. Pest attacks or diseases are often the result of not following these steps. Viola Wittrock often suffers from powdery mildew, white plaque manifested on leaves, stems and flowers.

This happens when overfeeding with nitrogen fertilizers and a lack of phosphorus-potassium or unfavorable weather conditions when hot dry days alternate with cold matinees with abundant dew. Too much moisture can cause gray rot and black leg. Eliminate such diseases by spraying with a solution of "Fundazol", caustic soda or infusion of ground sulfur with the removal of the affected parts of the plants.

Of insect pests, caterpillars of the clover scoop and violet mother-of-pearl are of particular danger, rapidly and quickly eating viola leaves. They are destroyed by spraying a solution of chlorophos, karbofos or tobacco infusion.

Seed collection

The seeds left on the peduncles ripen in mid-August - September. After the flowers wither, small boxes with small brown seeds are formed. It is important not to miss the moment of their ripening, as the boxes open and scatter the seeds. The readiness of seeds for collection is manifested by turning the seed pods up. They are carefully cut, the seeds are removed and laid out to dry, and then stored in the basement or refrigerator, as they need stratification.

If the seed boxes are not specially removed, then the seeds are sown on their own, and such spontaneous seedlings can be seen already in the fall or next spring. In this case, the seedlings are planted in prepared places, bypassing the seedling period and the accompanying procedures, time and effort.

Winter chores

The bred varieties of perennial violets, to which Wittrock's viola belongs, (photos are presented in the publication) can withstand even very very coldy(up to -30 ºC), if, with the onset of real cold weather, the plantings are covered with spruce branches or mulched with dry plant residues.

These are the features of caring for cute and unpretentious violets that adorn garden and park interiors, pleasing life-affirming colors and an amazing duration of flowering for both amateur gardeners and professional flower growers.