What is sanitary education work in medicine. The work program of the industrial practice "Assistant to the doctor of emergency and emergency care

Topic: "sanitary and educational work"

INTRODUCTION

Health education is a section of the preventive activities of health authorities and institutions aimed at hygienic education and education of the population in order to involve it in active participation in health protection.

Health education is a mandatory section of the activities of each medical institution, the professional duty of every medical worker. This is natural, since the role of the personal (behavioral) factor is great in the prevention of diseases, in early seeking medical help. This factor affects the recovery time, the effectiveness of aftercare and rehabilitation, and the prevention of exacerbation of diseases.

Health education as a scientific branch relies on the experience of not only medical disciplines, but also sociology, psychology, and pedagogy. In the practice of health education, all available channels of information are used: the spoken word, print, radio, cinema, television, public universities, health "schools", etc.

Sanitary and educational work among the population is carried out according to programs developed by Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation and territorial TsGSEN.

Control over the effectiveness of health education is carried out by the territorial CGSES in accordance with the current instructive and methodological documents.

1. History of the development of health education organizations

To some extent, health education is carried out in all developed countries. As part state system health care education was formed for the first time in the USSR in the 1920s; it played an important role in solving the next health problems (the fight against epidemics, the protection of motherhood and infancy, the fight against so-called social diseases, the improvement of working and living conditions in the city and in the countryside, the prevention of occupational diseases and injuries in the 20-30s years; training of the population on issues of sanitary defense, promotion of donation during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945; elimination of the sanitary consequences of the war, etc.). Health education in the USSR is an obligatory part of the activity of every medical-prophylactic and sanitary-epidemiological institution and every medical worker. Republican, regional, regional and city houses of sanitary education carried out organizational and methodological functions and, together with the corresponding offices in sanitary and epidemiological stations, constituted a special service. In addition to the health authorities, the cultural and educational institutions of the Soviets of Workers' Deputies and trade unions, the Znanie societies, the Red Cross and Red Crescent, educational bodies and other organizations were engaged in the dissemination of medical and hygienic knowledge. To coordinate their work on health education, the All-Union Interdepartmental Council (VSSP) and republican councils were created. Scientific-research and scientific-methodical activity was headed by the Central Research Institute of Health Education of the USSR Ministry of Public Health (founded in 1928 in Moscow).

Abroad, research institutes for health education were opened in Prague and Bratislava (Czechoslovakia), Belgrade (SFR Yugoslavia), on the basis of the hygienic museum in Dresden (GDR). As scientific research institutions or large houses of health education, national and regional centers in a number of socialist (SRR, Hungary, Mongolian People's Republic) and capitalist (France, Great Britain, Germany, USA) countries. Since 1949, the Health Education section has existed in the World Health Organization system, which has been working in contact with UNESCO and the International Union for Health Education (IUHEU; founded in 1951; WHSP became part of it in 1957). Since 1951, the MSSP has been holding international conferences; Since 1964, symposiums of specialists in health education of the socialist countries of Europe have been practiced (1964 - Budapest; 1967 - Rostock; 1970 - Moscow; 1974 - Prague). Since 1958, the MSSP has been publishing in Geneva an international journal on health education.

Since January 1, 1989 the health education service has been reorganized into a healthy lifestyle service, and health education houses have been reorganized into health centers. The goal of the Healthy Lifestyle Formation Service is to increase the level of sanitary culture of the population, to conduct recreational activities that contribute to the preservation and strengthening of health, increase efficiency and active longevity.

2. Organization of sanitary and educational work

At present, the provisions on medical and preventive institutions of all types (polyclinic, outpatient clinic, hospital, etc.) provide for work on sanitary and hygienic education of the population. However, an analysis of the practical implementation of health education in these institutions shows that it is often carried out on the ground in a formal way and methodological errors are often made, the main reasons for which are:

Underestimation by doctors of the effectiveness of this section of preventive work, due to which they do not pay due attention to this work;

Lack of knowledge about the organization and methodological approaches to this work, which leads to a violation of the basic principle of health education (differentiation and purposefulness of propaganda), and lectures and the issuance of health education bulletins predominate among the forms of health education.

In addition, insufficient attention is paid to group and individual forms of work.

Sanitary and educational work in a medical institution is a complex of differentiated, targeted sanitary and educational measures that provide for the hygienic education of various contingents of the population and are organically related to the activities of medical institutions. Sanitary and educational work is carried out in accordance with local conditions and the tasks facing various types medical institutions.

The general management and control over the organization and conduct of sanitary and educational work is carried out by the head physician of the medical institution, which must ensure the active work of doctors and paramedical workers in sanitary and hygienic education of the population both within the walls of the medical institution itself and in the service area .

The head doctor of the medical institution works in close contact with the local house of health education, from where he receives methodological assistance and materials.

Each medical worker, in addition to conducting individual conversations with patients and their relatives in the process of providing medical and preventive care, is obliged to spend 4 hours of his working time monthly on group and mass forms of sanitary and educational work.

In sanitary and educational work, 3 main links are distinguished: health education in the clinic, hospital and on the site.

2.1 Health education in outpatient settings

AT modern conditions There are 2 main aspects of sanitary and educational work in outpatient clinics:

Health education to involve the population in medical preventive work;

Sanitary education of prophylactic contingents in conditions of dynamic monitoring of them.

The success of preventive examinations largely depends on the attitude of the population towards them and the willingness to participate in them. To attract the population to medical preventive examinations, a chordal sanitary and educational impact is used, that is, shock, short-term, massive information about the goals, objectives and practical significance of clinical examination. This is provided:

Agitation and information sanitary and educational impact;

Visual aids (posters, slogans, etc.) exhibited at the place of residence of the population and directly in the clinic itself;

Clarification and persuasion with the help of printed information (invitation leaflets, thematic memos);

Reading lectures explaining the essence of the dispensary method of serving the population;

Demonstration of thematic sanitary-educational films.

The purpose of this work is to develop an adequate attitude towards preventive measures and readiness to actively participate in them among the population of the served territory.

Further sanitary and educational work with the population is carried out in a differentiated way among healthy people, people with an increased risk of developing a disease, and patients (with acute and chronic diseases).

Hygienic education of the healthy is aimed at preserving and strengthening their health. The program of medical and hygienic information for them provides for the promotion of a healthy lifestyle: hygiene advice on work, rest, nutrition, physical education and sports, combating bad habits etc.

The method of working with this contingent of the population includes an individual conversation with the doctor and the issuance of a thematic leaflet that contains a number of practical tips aimed at maintaining and strengthening health.

In modern conditions of preventive work, hygienic education of groups of people with an increased risk of diseases is of particular importance. Among the premorbid conditions, the most prognostically dangerous are such as a tendency to overweight, prehypertension, hypercholesterolemia, prediabetes, etc. Many of them are based on violations of hygienic norms of behavior: physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol abuse, irrational nutrition, and improper regimen.

Health education of persons at risk of illness includes issues of primary prevention of the disease, the possibility of development or the initial signs of which are available and are aimed at correcting their hygienic behavior.

The method of sanitary and educational work with these contingents includes an individual conversation with a doctor, supported by the presentation of a leaflet (booklet) containing specific advice aimed at eliminating existing unfavorable factors for health, as well as a group conversation-discussion (groups are selected from people who have the same the same disorder or affected by the same risk factors). In addition to therapists, narrow specialists of the polyclinic are involved in group classes: a nutritionist, a doctor (instructor) of exercise therapy, a psychotherapist.

Health education of patients is aimed at developing their skills of adequate, correct hygienic behavior, which contributes to a speedy recovery or alleviation of the course of the disease. The success of treatment and the acceleration of recovery depend to a large extent on this.

The methodology of hygienic education of patients is differentiated in 2 areas: health education of patients with acute and chronic diseases.

Many chronic diseases are the result of insufficiently cured acute, therefore, adequate hygienic behavior of a patient with an acute disease is an important condition for preventing the development of chronic processes. The hygiene information program should include a mandatory minimum of information on treatment and a rational lifestyle during the period of illness and convalescence.

The implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures by patients is greatly influenced by their family members. Sanitary and educational work with relatives of patients and persons directly caring for patients in home environment, aims to create a favorable psychological climate in the family, contribute to the strict implementation of the appointments and prescriptions of the doctor and provide competent care for the patient. The method of working with this contingent provides for an individual conversation with the doctor (if necessary) and the issuance of a thematic memo with recommendations for caring for the patient. In addition, they get acquainted with the hygienic prescriptions made to the patient.

Health education of people suffering from chronic diseases is carried out according to the method of a full-time distance learning course. This course includes:

Individual conversation, during which the patient receives the necessary hygiene recommendations;

A group conversation with the participation of medical specialists, during which the patient receives additional medical and hygienic information, which makes it possible to better understand the doctor's advice, to realize the need to follow them. A group conversation is best done in the form of a discussion, during which the cognitive activity recipients. This helps to consolidate the acquired knowledge, develop the necessary beliefs;

The issuance of the “Dispensary Book”, which is the main element of distance learning and where the dates of appearance for the next preventive appointment are noted. The patient receives it along with a leaflet corresponding to the disease.

"The book of the medical examination" allows the patient to register individual parameters of his hygienic behavior, which contributes to fixing the received hygiene recommendations in his mind, the doctor - to control their implementation by the patient.

In the conditions of medical examination, this form of sanitary and educational work is also used in the hygienic education of persons with an increased risk of diseases.

2.2 Health education in the hospital

The purpose of sanitary and educational work in the hospital is to increase the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures by instilling in the patient the necessary hygiene skills.

Health education in a hospital provides information on:

On the correct hygienic behavior during a stay in the hospital, especially after discharge, to prevent the progression of the disease, that is, it serves the purpose of secondary disease prevention. At the same time, it is important to take into account the patient's need to obtain maximum information about his disease and condition;

Additional medical and hygienic on general hygienic issues due to the fact that a sick person has an increased interest in medical issues, and the hospital has all the conditions and time to obtain the necessary information.

In accordance with the informative tasks, sanitary and educational work is carried out at all stages of the patient's stay in the hospital:

In the admissions department - an individual conversation, with the presentation of a memo containing information about the hospital routine, about hygienic requirements for the behavior of patients;

In the ward - individual or group conversation;

In the halls of hospital departments - a group conversation with patients, a discussion in accordance with the nosological form of the disease using thematic visual aids- lecture slides, lecture folders, etc. A slidescope with a set of large-format slides illustrating the basic medical information and hygiene recommendations communicated to patients is successfully used;

At discharge - an individual conversation with the presentation of a memo containing hygiene recommendations, the implementation of which is strictly necessary for successful rehabilitation and in order to prevent recurrence of the disease.

The program of hygienic education of patients with chronic diseases (in a hospital and a polyclinic) must necessarily include the provision of pre-medical self-help during an exacerbation of the disease. The patient should be oriented towards the initial signs of a relapse of the disease so that he can resort to self-help in time and consult a doctor in a timely manner. This primarily applies to patients suffering from hypertension, coronary heart disease, bronchial asthma and some other diseases.

Purposeful hygienic education of patients with chronic diseases helps to reduce the number of unreasonable requests for emergency medical care.

Health education of relatives and friends of the patient includes:

Individual conversation in the admissions department and the issuance of a leaflet-memo with the main requirements and recommendations to the persons visiting the patient;

Individual conversations of the attending physician in the hall for visitors and self-influence by means of sanitary and educational design of this room. The sanitary and educational design of the polyclinic and hospital is an additional, but important source of information. It should be made taking into account the requirements of the aesthetics of the interior and the need for stylistic unity and be based on the principle: the forms are stationary, the expositions are changeable. The sanitary-educational design should contain:

Reference and information materials;

hygiene information general-- promotion of a healthy lifestyle, the importance of preventive examinations, seasonal information (prevention of influenza, acute gastrointestinal diseases, etc.);

Target information - prevention of chronic diseases (located in accordance with the office of specialists).

This program of information is communicated to the recipients with the help of separate forms and means of registration. For wall decoration, luminous planes (boxes) with large-format color slides and non-luminous ones (stands), expositions of posters and thematic exhibitions are used, and for desktop decoration - albums, file cabinets, table turnstiles.

2.3 Health education in the service area

The precinct-territorial principle of health care allows for extensive sanitary and educational work at the facilities of the territory served by the clinic, primarily at the medical site.

This work consists of health education:

Patients and their relatives during home visits, the forms and means of sanitary and educational work are similar to the hygienic education of patients with acute diseases);

The total population of the service area (information of the population about the preventive and health-improving activities carried out by the clinic, and hygienic education of the population, aimed at instilling healthy lifestyle skills).

Undoubtedly, the population of the served territory receives a significant amount of sanitary and educational information through radio, cinema, television, and the press.

It is in the residential quarter that a significant part of the preventive, including sanitary and educational, work should be concentrated. Traditional forms of mass and group sanitary-educational work are widely used at the place of residence: lectures, preventive receptions, evenings of questions and answers, and thematic ones. Physicians from medical institutions take part in the People's Health Universities.

For the proper conduct of sanitary and educational work with the population, a medical institution must have the necessary sanitary and educational equipment and a set of sanitary and educational facilities.

In order to methodological training medical workers of the polyclinic on the issues of hygienic education of the population and the provision of organizational assistance to them in its implementation in the prevention departments of polyclinics, an office for promoting a healthy lifestyle is being created. The main tasks of the cabinet are:

Organization and implementation of a set of measures aimed at sanitary and hygienic education and the formation of a healthy lifestyle;

Providing organizational assistance to polyclinic doctors in conducting sanitary and educational activities;

Acquisition of materials for propaganda and methodical;

Methodological assistance to paramedical personnel and sanitary activists in conducting sanitary and educational work with the population.

The tasks of the cabinet for the promotion of a healthy lifestyle include communication with the local house of health education in order to carry out work to improve the skills of the polyclinic staff and hygienic education of the population.

The House of Health Education provides the medical institution with the necessary instructive methodological and visual materials and, if possible, materials for working with the population. Employees of medical institutions should be involved in the creation of materials for the population. Undoubtedly, only their joint work with the specialists of the health education service can ensure the proper volume and high quality hygienic education of the population in medical institutions.

1. Lavrova I. G., Maistrakh K. V. Social hygiene and healthcare organization. - M: 1981. - 255 p.

2. Weiner E. N. Valeology: a textbook for universities, - M.: 2007. - 452 p.

In organizing his sanitary and educational work, the paramedic, along with traditional methods of educating the population on health issues, such as:

Interview;

Group discussions;

Thematic evenings;

Evenings of questions and answers;

Conversations for round table;

oral journals;

health schools;

Publications in the press;

conferences,

widely uses and methods of visual agitation:

Wall newspapers;

Sanitary bulletins;

Exhibitions and corners of health;

Book exhibitions.

To make this advocacy attractive, useful and informative, here is a rough description of some forms of health education information that you can use in your work.

health bulletin

An artistically designed sanbulletin always attracts attention and is one of the most intelligible means of propaganda. The SanBulletin is an illustrated health education newspaper dedicated to only one topic. Topics should be relevant, taking into account the challenges facing modern healthcare, as well as seasonality and the epidemiological situation in this mode. The title is in bold type. Its name should be interesting, intriguing, it is desirable not to mention the word "disease" and "prevention". Sanbulletin consists of 2 parts - text and illustrated. The text is placed on a standard sheet of whatman paper in the form of columns 13-15 cm wide, typed on a typewriter or computer. It is allowed to write the text in calligraphic handwriting in black or purple. It is necessary to highlight the editorial or introduction, the rest of the text should be divided into subsections (headings) with subheadings that state the essence of the issues and practical advice. Noteworthy is the presentation of the material in the form of questions and answers. The text should be written in a language intelligible to the general public without medical terminology, with the obligatory use of local material, examples of proper hygienic behavior in relation to one's health, cases from medical practice. Artistic design: drawings, photographs, applications should be elegant, illustrate the material, but not duplicate it. There can be one or more drawings, but one of them - the main one - should carry the main semantic load and attract attention. Text and artwork should not be bulky. The health bulletin ends with a slogan or appeal. It looks better if framed. The emblem of the Red Cross and the bowl with the snake are not drawn. The name "SanBulletin" and issue number should not be present, as the Sanitary Bulletin is not a periodical. In the lower right corner, the responsible person and the release date are indicated. It is necessary to ensure the issuance of a sanitary bulletin at least 1-2 times a quarter.

Health Corner

The organization of the corner must be preceded by a certain preparatory work:

Coordination of the organization of the corner with the management of this institution;

Definition of the list of works and necessary building materials(stands, slats, fastening "rails", buttons, glue, fabric, etc.);

The choice of a place - quite fresh and lively, that is, one where there are constantly or often a lot of people;

A selection of relevant illustrated material: posters, photo and litho exhibitions, transparencies, photographs, memos, leaflets, clippings from newspapers and magazines, drawings. This compilation is done with the help of a health education instructor in the area and in a health education house.

It is desirable that special stands of various formats and mounting strips, "rails" that can be removed and mounted in other versions, be prepared and strengthened for the corner. The leading theme of the health corner is various aspects of a healthy lifestyle. In the event of any infection or its threat in the area, appropriate material for its prevention should be placed in the corner. This may be a health bulletin, a leaflet prepared by the local sanitary and epidemiological surveillance authority, a short memo, a clipping from a medical newspaper, etc. You should not strive to place as much material as possible in the health corner. It is better to exhibit other materials more often. It is useful to make an exhibition of posters, for example, about the dangers of drunkenness, drug addiction, smoking, about the benefits of physical education and sports. Photomontages that amateur photographers can make are very valuable and interesting. In schools, it is good to place materials prepared by students in the health corners. The health corner should have a question and answer board. Answers to questions should always be timely, efficient and useful.

Debates and conferences

Dispute is a method of polemical discussion of any actual, moral or educational problem. The right choice of topic is decisive for its success, for example: “On the beautiful and healthy person"," It is impossible to remain silent about this. A dispute is a way of collective search, discussion and resolution of problems that concern the population. A dispute is possible when it is well prepared, when not only specialists, but also (for example, at school) students and teachers participate in it. Collisions, struggle of opinions are associated with differences in people's views, life experience, inquiries, tastes, knowledge, in the ability to approach the analysis of phenomena. The purpose of the dispute is to support progressive opinion and convince everyone of the rightness. A form of propaganda close to a dispute is a conference with a pre-designed program and fixed speeches by both specialists and the population itself. Oral forms of health education also include themed evenings, roundtable discussions, and question and answer evenings. It is desirable that the audience is already prepared for the perception of the prepared topic, for this it is first necessary to conduct conversations, lectures, arrange stands, health corners, and prepare a book exhibition. Theater and entertainment events, mass sports events can play an important role in promoting a healthy lifestyle. The content of the work during the various forms and methods of hygienic education of the population and promotion of a healthy lifestyle at the FAP should be aimed at highlighting the basics of personal and public hygiene, hygiene of the village, township, housing, improvement and gardening, maintenance of personal plots; to fight pollution environment; prevention of diseases caused by exposure to adverse meteorological conditions ( high humidity air, high and low temperatures and others), prolonged exposure to the sun, etc.; for implementation physical culture in the life of every person. The range of topics of this activity also includes labor and professional orientation: the creation of healthy living and working conditions, the formation of a healthy lifestyle. Much attention needs to be paid to prevention infectious diseases, improving water supply and water use. One of the important tasks is to promote occupational health measures in agricultural work, prevent agricultural injuries and poisoning with pesticides, explain hygiene requirements delivery, purification and storage of water in field conditions. A significant place should be occupied by anti-alcohol propaganda, an explanation of the dangers of smoking. Smoking is one of the most common types of addiction. Tobacco smoking negatively affects primarily the respiratory organs, the cardiovascular system, contributing to the occurrence of diseases such as coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, chronic diseases of the larynx, bronchi. Smoking is one of the leading factors in the development of cancer.

Alcoholism also refers to diseases that affect not only the patient's neuropsychic sphere, leading to personality degradation, but also affect the heart, blood vessels, and gastrointestinal tract. The work of a paramedic in anti-alcohol propaganda should be based on a certain system, including legal, biomedical and moral aspects. Sobriety is one of essential conditions healthy lifestyle. Depending on gender, age, topics can be selected for better perception by listeners.

Sample Plans lectures

For men: the effect of alcohol on all organs and systems of the body; alcohol and trauma; alcohol and sexually transmitted diseases; alcohol and mortality; alcohol and work capacity; alcohol and family; alcohol and heredity; economic damage caused to the state by persons who abuse alcohol.

For women: the effect of alcohol on a woman's body; the effect of alcohol on pregnancy; alcohol and children; the role of women in strengthening the family and overcoming drunkenness of men.

For teenagers: anatomical and physiological features of the teenager's body; the effect of alcohol on the body of a teenager; the effect of alcohol on a teenager's abilities; the effect of alcohol on offspring; alcohol and disorderly conduct; how to save

mental health.

In daily work to eradicate alcoholism, it is necessary to involve administrative bodies, public organizations, law enforcement agencies, lawyers.

A large section of preventive work to promote a healthy lifestyle should be highlighted in pediatrics. Hygiene education and upbringing begins with early childhood, with antenatal protection of future offspring.

MEDICAL AND HYGIENIC EDUCATION OF THE POPULATION AND FORMATION OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE (HLS)

The fundamental principle of public health is its preventive orientation. The most important section of preventive work is the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

Medical and hygienic education is a part of the state health care system, including the dissemination of medical and hygienic knowledge, the formation of a healthy lifestyle and the instillation of hygiene skills in the population in order to maintain and improve health, increase efficiency and active longevity. The main goal of medical and hygienic education of the population is the formation of knowledge and skills to independently make decisions on the issues of maintaining and strengthening health. Currently, there is a gap between hygiene knowledge and human behavior. Therefore, there is a need to turn knowledge into skills. Determining the direction of this work, it is necessary to speak not about sanitary education, but about hygienic education and upbringing.

The most important tasks of health care institutions for hygienic education and upbringing of the population:

1) Formation of a healthy lifestyle among the population.

2) Promotion of hygiene and honey. knowledge

3) Popularization of medical achievements. Sciences

4) Education of the conscious attitude of the population to the protection and promotion of health.

Work on hygienic education and upbringing and healthy lifestyle is mandatory in every health facility. This is an integral part professional duties all medical workers, regardless of specialty and position.

The following principles underlie the work on hygienic education and upbringing:

1. State character - the state finances the activities of institutions for hygienic education and upbringing of the population, ensures the development of the material and technical base, training of personnel, legal basis activities of service institutions.

2. Scientific character - compliance of medical and hygienic knowledge with the current state of science and practice.

3. Mass character - the participation of all honey. employees, involvement of specialists from other departments and public organizations.

4. Accessibility - when presenting the material, incomprehensible medical terms should be avoided, speech should be understandable.

5. Purposefulness - work should be carried out in the chosen direction in a differentiated way, taking into account different groups of the population.

6. Optimism - to achieve the effect, it is important to emphasize the possibility of a successful fight against diseases.

7. Relevance - the choice of the direction of work should be relevant at a given time.

II. Historical types of HLS institutions.

The following historical types of institutions of the healthy lifestyle formation service are distinguished:

1) Houses of health education.

2) Health centers.

3) Centers for hygiene, epidemiology and public health.

There were 18 health centers in Russia (republican, regional, city).

The HLS service carries out its work through:

1. The system of healthcare institutions

2. Education system

3. Youth organizations

4. Communication channels (TV, radio, print)

5. Optional forms of education (health schools, schools for young mothers and the elderly, etc.)

6. Mass forms of healthy lifestyle promotion (film and video lectures, fairs, holidays, health marathons, etc.)

One of the first orders regulating the work of the service was the Order “On increasing the role of hygienic education and upbringing, the formation of a healthy lifestyle for the population of Russia”. This Order approved: approximate staffing and organizational structure of health centers; standard report card for equipping health centers and HLS offices at polyclinics; approximate time limits for certain types works on hygienic education of the population. The provisions of the order required:

1. To finance Health Centers at the rate of at least 1% of the local health budget

2. Allow the opening of paid consultative and recreational units.

3. Establish HLS offices at polyclinics, central, district and city hospitals, headed by doctors,

4. Include in the duties of chief physicians the functions of chief specialists in HLS.

5. Include healthy lifestyle promotion issues in the programs of all cycles of advanced training and advanced training for doctors of all specialties

6. Introduce a course on the basics of healthy lifestyles into the training programs for students and pupils

7. Include in the nomenclature of medical specialties and positions the specialty doctor - valeologist and medical assistant-valeologist.

8. Approve the staffing structure of the HLS cabinet depending on the number of people served: up to 60 thousand people.

9. In job descriptions each honey. an employee to include 4 hours of working time monthly to promote a healthy lifestyle.

III. Department of Public Health

The Department of Public Health (PH) is the organizational, coordinating, methodological institution on the problems of the healthy lifestyle of the population.

Main tasks:

1. Organizational and methodological

2. Propaganda

3. Publishing

4. Counseling and wellness

5. Holding sociological research

6. Public health monitoring

The Department of Health is the organizer of the HLS training among medical professionals. employees, and among other specialists (training of cultural workers, general organizations), analyzes the work on healthy lifestyles, organizes and conducts seminars, conferences, meetings, disseminates best practices in promoting healthy lifestyles among the population. Publishing activity is the development and publication of methodological guides, information materials, popular science literature promoting healthy lifestyles.

1. Develops, together with the public health department, as well as other departments, programs to strengthen and preserve the health of the population, participates in their implementation.

2. Participates in the organization and conduct mass events among the population, aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles, improving health, increasing efficiency, and achieving active longevity.

3. Introduces new forms and methods of work: health holidays, health days, health campaigns, health marathons, etc.

4. Widely uses optional forms of education of the population (health schools).

5. Organizes events for the formation public opinion raising the prestige of health through the media (TV, radio, print, cinema).

6. Conducts sociological research and acts as a press center for the public health department.

V. Actual aspects of the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

A concentrated expression of the relationship and mutual influence of the lifestyle and health of the population is the concept of " healthy lifestyle life."

A healthy lifestyle (according to WHO) is an optimal quality of life, determined by a person's motivated behavior aimed at maintaining and strengthening health, under the influence of natural and social environmental factors.

Components of a healthy lifestyle:

1. Rational nutrition

2. Proper physical activity

3. Conscious refusal of bad habits

4. Mental health

5. Healthy sexuality

A healthy lifestyle implies a positive attitude towards the health of both an individual and society as a whole and ensures active longevity with a high level of health and performance. The formation of a healthy lifestyle is a set of nationwide measures aimed, on the one hand, at the formation of positive and responsible health behavior, on the other hand, at creating conditions that provide equal opportunities for its implementation to all citizens in all areas of activity.

The data of sociological studies revealed an extremely negative picture: with an absolutely positive attitude of people towards a healthy lifestyle, only 10-15% of the population practically use guidelines and recommendations for maintaining and strengthening health, and in the rank of the most relevant recognized values ​​(wealth, education, position in society) health is only in 8th or 9th place. The existing negative trends in the health status of the population indicate the need for targeted preventive work, educating the population of personal responsibility for their own health, the formation of the need to comply with the rules of healthy lifestyle and conscious rejection of bad habits.

In the promotion of healthy lifestyles among the population, the issues of physical culture, rational nutrition, and the eradication of bad habits still prevail. Meanwhile, the formation of a healthy lifestyle should be considered as elements of a common culture, education certain qualities personalities that include:- moral guidelines and values;

Production and economic culture;

Culture of life and rest;

Rational use free time;

Culture of consumption;

Culture of interpersonal relations;

Normal climate in the family;

sexual culture;

Ethics of family life.

Therefore, the harmonious development of the personality is possible only with the optimal ratio of the leading components of a healthy lifestyle.

IV. Methods and means of hygienic training and education.

Basic prerequisites effective work on hygienic education and upbringing of the population are knowledge and correct use appropriate methods and means. According to the impact on the population, methods of hygienic education and upbringing can be divided as follows:

1. individual impact;

2. impact on a group of people;

3. mass communication.

In addition, the methods of hygienic training and education can be divided as follows:

1. the method of oral propaganda;

2. method of printed propaganda;

3. method of visual propaganda (visual);

4. combined method.

Methods of individual influence:

1. individual conversation (in the clinic, hospital, in the family);

2. individual sanitary and hygienic briefing;

3. personal sanitary-hygienic correspondence (answers on a direct line on the radio; phone-health).

Methods of influencing a group of persons:

1. lecture, report;

2. group conversation;

3. group discussion;

4. group practical training;

5. coursework (health school, video lectures, etc.)

Mass communication methods:

1. television (telecasts);

2. movie;

3. radio (broadcasts, direct lines);

4. press (regional, republican, district, departmental; press conferences for journalists);

5. exhibitions and museums.

Means of oral propaganda:

1. lectures;

2. conversations (group, individual);

3. performances;

4. evening of questions and answers;

5. discussion;

6. quiz;

7. conference;

8. classes;

9. briefing.

Media of printed propaganda:

1. brochures;

2. leaflets;

3. booklets;

4. bulletins;

6. magazine;

7. slogan;

8. wall newspaper;

9. methodical manuals.

Basic requirements for printed materials: relevance of the subject, efficiency.

Leaflets are indispensable in cases where it is necessary to quickly warn the population about the need for urgent health measures. They are addressed to a wide circle of the population, having a propaganda character. Memos have a specific addressee (schoolchildren, expectant mothers, patients with various diseases). Advice is given to the healthy and the sick.

The sanitary bulletin is devoted to a separate narrow topic and has a title.

Visual propaganda tools:

1. planar (poster, drawing, diagram, photograph, etc.);

2. three-dimensional (dummy, model, model, sculpture, etc.);

3. natural (micropreparation, macropreparation, sample of plant and animal origin, etc.)

The importance of TV, radio, print, and cinema is growing in modern conditions. It is advisable to combine methods and means of propaganda.

Combined means of propaganda:

1. holiday of health (competition of children's drawings, essays);

2. health marathon;

3. health week (women's health);

4. health fair;

Thus, work on hygienic education and education of the population, promotion of healthy lifestyles are the main tools for prevention, important factors directly affecting the effectiveness of medical and preventive activities of medical institutions.

Each nurse takes part in health education work with patients. The most common form of health propaganda is talks and the issuance of health bulletins. During the reporting period, I conducted conversations with patients on the following topics:

1. HIV infection and its prevention.

2. Prevention of tuberculosis. tver toastmaster prices

3. Measures for the protection and prevention of swine flu.

4. Influence of bad habits on CVS diseases.

5. Prevention of post-injection complications.

The main task of my conversations with patients is a healthy lifestyle. The goal of such conversations can be considered achieved if the patient has gained self-confidence, faith in recovery.

The nurse has a personal responsibility for the implementation of nursing practice, which requires constant improvement professional level knowledge. Weekly planning meetings are held classes and seminars for various hot topics. I am also engaged in self-training - reading literature on medical topics:

· nurse;

· nursing;

a paramedic and a midwife;

· sister of Mercy.

I get acquainted with new developments and orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. I bring to the attention of my colleagues those new achievements in medicine that I learn from additional sources information on the development of health care and nursing.

I successfully pass exams on HIV infection and parenteral hepatitis, sanitary and anti-epidemic regime.

Findings:

the nurse is personally responsible for the implementation of nursing practice and continuous professional development. I try to do my job at the highest level possible in a given situation, so as not to undermine the credibility of the profession.

Humanity, sensitivity, compassion, dedication - all this characterizes the personality of a nurse. Communicating with patients, I always remember the first commandment of medical ethics; "Treat the patient the way you would like to be treated."

tasks

for the future are:

Impeccable performance of their duties and further improvement in the chosen specialty;

· mastering related professions so that the administration of the Gazovik s/n could count on me in case of replacing temporarily absent workers;

· not less often than in 5 years, training at refresher courses.

Suggestions for improving the work of the treatment room:

1. During outbreaks of SARS and influenza, provide an office in in full antiviral agents, multivitamins, homeopathic preparations.

2. Equip an additional cabinet for intravenous drip injections.

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11. Sanitary and educational work

Health education is a complex of medical and social measures aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle.

The objectives of health education are: promoting healthy lifestyles, physical culture, rational nutrition, combating bad habits, familiarizing the population with disease prevention.

Health education is an obligatory duty of paramedical workers. One of the main tasks of a nurse is to convince a person to consciously adopt a healthy lifestyle and be a personal example for them.

When working with patients, the main form of health education work is: conversation, lecture, posters.

Since we have people with various diseases and inclinations then the topics of conversations are varied, such as:

About the dangers of alcohol and nicotine.

Prevention of SARS and influenza.

Prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Nutrition in old age.

motor mode.

I published 1 sanbulletin on the topic "Sun, Air and Water".

In my work I use literature:

Nurse's Handbook

magazines: "Nursing", "Nursing".

12. Safety and fire safety.

Labor protection is a system of measures aimed at preserving the health of workers and ensuring the safety of their work and is carried out with the help of various safety measures (technical, sanitary and hygienic).

The nurse must comply with all technical requirements fire safety in order to prevent industrial injuries and labor safety. New entrants to work must undergo a workplace safety briefing, familiarize themselves with the expected hazards and precautions, know the location primary funds firefighting. Every year, 2 times a year, briefings on safety and fire safety at the workplace are held. All are in the post necessary instructions approved by the director of the boarding school and the safety engineer.

At my workplace, I keep the equipment and equipment in the technical good condition take corrective actions in a timely manner, observe safety precautions and fire safety.

13. Omsk professional nursing association: goals, objectives.

It is a voluntary self-governing association based on membership, created as a result of the free will of citizens united in order to protect the rights and legitimate interests of nursing professionals.

1. Protection of the rights and protection of the interests of specialists with secondary and higher nursing education.

2. Improving the quality of medical care for the population of Omsk and the Omsk region, improving the health of the population.

Participation in the development of concepts for the development of nursing;

Development and implementation of standards professional activity and quality of nursing medical personnel;

Continuous education of younger sisters through the system of advanced training and postgraduate education;

Conducting conferences, seminars topical issues nursing;

Involvement of members of the association to scientific research in the field of nursing;

Protecting the legal and professional rights of nursing staff;

Strengthening and maintaining relations with interregional, national and foreign organizations of nurses.

One of the principles of the WHO states: “The possession highest level health is one of the fundamental human rights. A significant role of the association is made up of nurses, paramedics, obstetricians who solve the tasks of the nursing association.

We need to work together to solve pressing problems, to influence the policy of nursing, and not to stand aside and hope for the best, only under such conditions can we achieve the best results. Of course reforms are complicated, lack of funding, low wage, difficult working conditions, often catastrophic situations with consumables and basic safety equipment. However, in general, understanding of the importance of nursing in the health care system has been achieved.

All preventive measures should be preceded and accompanied by sanitary and educational work.

The main purpose of this work is to promote medical knowledge about a healthy lifestyle, ways and methods of maintaining health, and preventing diseases.

Each medical worker should devote 4 hours of working time monthly to sanitary and educational work among the population.

There are certain forms of health education (active and passive). Both active and passive forms health education work should be designed for a specific audience.

When carrying out sanitary and educational work on the prevention of dental diseases, it is recommended to adhere to certain topics (ED Udovitskaya, 1978).

1. The relationship of oral diseases and the general health of children.

2. Importance of nutrition in ensuring oral health and eating habits.

3. The role of recreational activities for the development and condition of the organs and tissues of the oral cavity.

4. Hygienic oral care.

5. Prevention of diseases of the oral cavity.

6. Identification and elimination of bad habits to prevent malformations of the dental system.

For example, when conducting conversations among pregnant women, you can talk about the features of oral care during pregnancy, the dangers of alcohol, smoking, taking medicines without a doctor's prescription, the laying and formation of fetal dental tissue, fungal stomatitis in children of the first year of life, etc. .d. The program of classes and the schedule of work with pregnant women is approved by the head physician of the dental clinic and antenatal clinic. Classes are held at the school of mothers. Sanitary and educational activities among pregnant women are recommended:

In the first 20 weeks of pregnancy - once a month;

After 20 weeks - 2 times a month;

After 32 weeks - 3-4 times a month.

Sanitary-educational work can be individual, collective and mass. When organizing and conducting health education in the system of prevention of dental diseases, the emphasis is on children and their parents.

Health education and hygienic education among children should be strictly differentiated in terms of goals and content, depending on age.

The leading form of work with the adult population is persuasion and propaganda. The main form of influence on the child is learning with daily repetition, with the obligatory personal example of adults. Parents, educators, teachers should instill hygiene skills in children. The younger the child, the easier it is to form a hygienic habit of caring for the oral cavity, turning into a persistent habit. Therefore, it is necessary to start sanitary and educational work with parents and educators of children's institutions. It is necessary not only to draw the attention of this category of adults to the condition of the teeth and oral organs in children, but also to acquire, in this way, convinced assistants. Hygiene education is a system of instilling useful skills and habits based on knowledge of the rules of a healthy lifestyle and the belief in the need to comply with them. In kindergarten, children are taught how to brush their teeth according to their age.

With children of three or four years old, it is recommended to build work using game elements, using drawings. posters, toys, dolls, toothbrushes, pastes, etc. Such a conversation game should be short and continue over several sessions. Children through fairy-tale characters should learn that they should eat vegetables and fruits so that their teeth do not hurt, that after eating it is necessary to rinse your mouth, eat less sweets and brush your teeth. At the same time, it is recommended in the form of a game to show children how to brush their teeth properly. When teaching children the rules of brushing their teeth, it is important to repeat, reinforce the acquired skill and encourage those children who have successfully mastered it.

For children of four or seven years old, classes should be carried out in a popular form, using characters from fairy tales, telling and showing how to properly brush their teeth. When teaching how to brush teeth, it is necessary to stain the front teeth with dyes and show the stained plaque to the child in the mirror.

Pay attention to the size of brushes for children, their condition and care for them. During the conversation, they find out if the child has his own toothbrush, explain which toothpaste is better. To consolidate knowledge, you can use riddles about vegetables, fruits, etc. Also ask the kids questions.

For the formation of conscious cultural and hygienic skills in younger students, it is necessary to apply the method of medical and pedagogical persuasion. The method is a set of health education measures that are aimed at improving hygiene skills. Components methods are conversation, story, demonstration of filmstrips, films, visual aids, demonstration of brushing techniques and oral care products. Hygiene training is best done in special rooms or hygiene classes (hygiene and prevention class).

Hygiene and prevention classes are designed for 15-20 students. They are placed near dental offices. Toilet sinks are installed on two walls of the classroom, over which mirrors are attached. On the third wall of the classroom, a wardrobe with cells for storing individual hygiene products is equipped in its entire length. There should be curtains on the classroom windows, and a screen for showing films and transparencies should be installed on one of the walls. Reminders and information on oral care are posted in a conspicuous place. School desks or individually made furniture for hygiene lessons are placed in the center of the classroom.

In hygiene lessons in elementary grades, it is necessary to explain the structure of the tooth, the functions of the teeth, and the importance of the organs of the oral cavity. You should pay attention to the causes of diseases of the teeth, gums, oral mucosa. It is important to emphasize the role of nutrition, oral hygiene in the development and condition of the dental system. To this end, you can prepare memos for schoolchildren. Performances in front of children are best built in the form of a dialogue. We can offer ten ways for younger students to keep their teeth healthy without drugs.

1. Chew vigorously and a lot, especially towards the end of a meal, do not give up hard fruits and vegetables.

2. Do not eat a lot of sweets and flour products.

H. Eat a variety of foods while eating the entire serving.

Drink slowly, holding milk and tea in your mouth.

5. After each meal, rinse your mouth with sweet water, preferably alkaline mineral or a solution of baking soda.

6. Correctly brush your teeth twice a day, after breakfast and dinner.

7. After brushing your teeth, rub the paste into the surface of the tooth enamel with your fingers for two minutes.

8. Rinse your mouth with a solution between meals table salt tolerable strength two or three times a day.

9. Perform exercises to train the teeth and jaws, alternately clenching the teeth weakly and firmly, closing the mouth easily and with greater force, moving the lower jaw to the right and left, sliding the tubercles on the tubercles.

10. Harden the body and do gymnastics.

Skill development should be carried out in three directions. First, an idea is formed about the importance of cultural and hygienic skills in oral care. Then you need to teach the sequence of actions that make up the skill. The third direction is the consolidation and improvement of the skill. To consolidate the knowledge gained in the hygiene lesson, it is advisable, involving high school students, to issue a sanitary bulletin. For the first hygiene lesson with schoolchildren of the first and third grades, a topic can be proposed: how to care for your teeth, for the second lesson - So that your teeth do not hurt, Teeth should be not only healthy, but also beautiful, etc. You can use filmstrips, films that are necessarily discussed after viewing.

Pupils of middle and senior classes in hygiene lessons should gain knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the oral cavity, information about the causes of diseases of the dentoalveolar system, and ways to prevent dental diseases. The choice of topics on the prevention of dental diseases among an adult audience depends on their professional composition, age, level of education, gender, etc. For example, at a teachers' council in front of teachers, you can give a lecture, a conversation on topical issues of dentistry, or hold a consultation during after hours for the prevention of dental diseases. They may be offered topics: Teeth, their functions, the relationship of teeth with the body, The value of sanitation of the oral cavity. It is very effective to supplement the lecture (conversation) with the screening of films on the prevention of diseases of the teeth and oral cavity. For speeches to parents, parental class meetings are used, at which parents can be invited to listen to a lecture, a conversation on the following topics: The importance of teeth for a person, Bad habits in children, The relationship of dental diseases with diseases of organs and systems, Take care of your teeth from a young age, etc.