Typical series of residential buildings in the city of Novosibirsk (variants of redevelopment, planning)

Of the typical projects of prefabricated large-panel houses, the projects of the 1-464 series, developed by the Giprostroyindustriya Institute and put into effect in 1959, are most widely used (Fig. 3-1). When developing this series, the experience of building large-panel houses with transverse load-bearing walls in Magnitogorsk and on 6th Street was used. October field in Moscow. The 1-464 series is used by more than 200 house-building enterprises, producing products for houses with a total living area of ​​more than 10 million m 2 per year.

The structural scheme of the houses is designed with load-bearing transverse walls located at 2.6 and 3.2 m intervals, with floor panels supported along the contour. The spatial rigidity of the building is provided by a system of transverse and longitudinal walls of reinforced concrete panels the size of a room, connected to each other and to the panels of interfloor ceilings with steel ties (linings).

Exterior wall panels are designed in several design options and have a thickness of 21 to 35 cm, depending on the design temperature of the construction area.

Multi-layer exterior panels consist of an inner reinforced concrete slab 40 mm thick and an outer slab 50 mm thick, including the textured layer.

Rice. 3-1. Large-panel housing houses series 1-464

b - ordinary section 2-2-2-3; c - structural diagram

Between the slabs, insulation is laid from semi-rigid mineral wool slabs or lightweight concrete liners. The inner and outer slabs are interconnected by lightweight concrete ribs. Single-layer panels of external walls are made of lightweight concrete using expanded clay, karagandite, thermosite and other lightweight aggregates.

Used for interior walls reinforced concrete panels 12 cm thick, and in the basement parts of buildings - 14 cm. Doorways in the panels of the internal walls are not provided; the openings left between the panels are filled with carpentry door blocks to the full height of the premises.

Strip foundations are assembled from prefabricated reinforced concrete pads and concrete blocks. The panels of the outer and inner walls of the basement part of the house have designs similar to the corresponding panels of the upper part of the building.

Interfloor ceilings are made of flat slabs of solid section 10 cm thick, resting along the contour on transverse and longitudinal walls. Panels of floors and internal walls are made of heavy concrete grade 150 in vertical cassette molds.

Connections outdoor wall panels between themselves and with panels of internal walls and ceilings are carried out by welding embedded parts in panels using strip steel linings. After welding, all steel surfaces are coated with an anti-corrosion compound and sealed cement mortar.

In the projects of the release of 1959, in the design of the horizontal seam between the panels of the outer walls to insulate the end of the floor panel, it was planned to lay a mineral wool slab 70 mm thick wrapped with glassine. In projects released in 1961, the horizontal seam of the outer panels was designed with a threshold in the middle of the joint, on top of which a foam rubber gasket was laid. To insulate the unit, a 50 mm thick mineral wool board wrapped with glassine was adopted. Horizontal seam of external walls with external and inside minted with mortar on expanding cement. The seam under the floor panel on the outer wall is injected or caulked with cement mortar.

When joining the panels of the outer walls into the groove of the vertical joint before installing the panel inner wall elastic pads and a layer of waterproofing are laid on bituminous mastic. After installation, the vertical seams between the inner wall panel and the outer panels are caulked with tow soaked in cement-lime mortar, and the entire groove is filled with lightweight concrete with a bulk density of 800-1000 kg / m 3. Instead of caulking vertical joints, inventory formwork can be used, light concrete can be replaced with heavy concrete, provided that the joint is insulated with a 70 mm thick mineral wool board wrapped with glassine or a foam insert.

Floor panels are laid dry. The seam between the inner wall panel and the ceiling from below is sealed with cement mortar, and the seam between the ceiling panels is filled with cement mortar.

Reinforced concrete panels 6 cm thick are used to install partitions in sanitary facilities. Stairs are assembled from prefabricated platforms and marches without overhead treads. Combined roofing is carried out directly on the reinforced concrete floor above the fifth floor. Under the thermal insulation of expanded clay concrete, a pasting vapor barrier is made along the ceiling. The roofing carpet consists of three layers of roofing felt over glassine and bituminous mastic.

During the operation of residential buildings with small apartments of series 1-464, shortcomings in the solution of structures and shortcomings in terms of planning decisions (narrowed front, inconvenient entrances from them and common living rooms and from these rooms to kitchens, walk-through rooms and combined sanitary facilities). A significant disadvantage of three-layer panels is the high complexity of their manufacture and the inability to control the quality of finished products;

• when vibrating, sealing and wetting of the insulation is possible; connecting expanded clay-concrete ribs in the panels (between the outer and inner layers of heavy concrete), due to the filling of pores with a liquid solution, turn into cold bridges;
• unsatisfactory tightness of the joints of the panels of the outer walls, which in some cases leads to leakage and freezing in the joints of the panels;
• the adopted system of supporting the floor panels on the walls dry, without carefully filling the gaps with mortar, worsens the sound insulation of the internal walls during airborne noise transfer.

Series of residential buildings 1-464A

TsNIIEP housing together with other design institutes, enterprises of large-panel housing construction and construction and installation departments developed improved, more perfect series 1-464A. This series includes an increase operational qualities, improvement of architectural, planning and design solutions for residential buildings, as well as increasing the factory readiness of prefabricated elements.

The improved 1-464A series includes five main types of 5-story residential buildings in 2, 4, 6, 8 sections and. The nomenclature of buildings of the improved series makes it possible to solve residential development within a wide range, using different type houses with a variety of apartments for the resettlement of families of various sizes. The layout of residential buildings in this series includes eight apartments various types with living area from 17 to 45 m2.

Houses of the improved series have three-apartment row and four-apartment end sections with through or corner ventilation and good insolation of residential premises (Fig. 3-2). Entrances to the kitchens are designed from utility corridors, the width of the front ones is increased to 1.3 m, most of the living rooms are impassable. In two-, three- and four-room apartments, sanitary units of a separate type are used. Due to the placement of ventilation units in the transverse walls, the kitchens have a size of 6 m 2. Separate sanitary facilities and other improvements are also provided in two-room apartments, which consists of a one-section 9-storey building.

An increase in the auxiliary area and a number of other improvements in apartments, of course, slightly increase the cost per square meter of living space, but this rise in price is offset by an increase in the length of houses and an increase in the average number of storeys, and hence the density of residential development.

The 1-464A series includes 5- and 9- storey houses hotel type with one-story service blocks. To ensure the integrated development of microdistricts, a project of a kindergarten-nursery for 140 places and projects of other buildings for cultural and community purposes were developed and included in the series.

Improved architectural expressiveness typical buildings: entrances, balconies (usual console ones, with one dividing wall and two supporting walls), loggia, balconies-loggias and flower girls.

The operational qualities of large-panel buildings largely depend on the perfection of the designs of the outer panels and their interfaces. Previously used designs of welded joints were not protected from moisture penetration. For the 1-464A series, more reliable designs of embedded joints have been developed; the tests carried out confirmed that such joints are characterized by high capitalization and durability (). Monolithic joints securely connect the floors with both transverse and longitudinal walls, they are protected from freezing, moisture and air permeability.

Improved also Constructive decisions and other elements of houses.

• A more industrial arrangement of floors is provided with the replacement of a monolithic screed with prefabricated gypsum-cement concrete or expanded clay concrete slabs;
• a variant of panels of external walls with a size of two rooms has been developed;
• prefabricated panels of combined roofs were designed, when using which only the joints between the panels are sealed at the construction site and the upper layers of roofing material are laid (see Fig. 6-23);
• variant developed pile foundations, more economical than strip foundations (see Fig. 6-18).

Volumetric sanitary cabins are made of monolithic reinforced concrete with a wall thickness of 40 mm or waterproof gypsum-cement concrete. For the purpose of more convenient production of installation sanitary and technical works, the location of the main pipelines is provided outside the volumetric cabins, which makes it possible to connect sanitary equipment to general networks without entering the cabins.

Rice. 3-2. Large-panel houses of the 1-464A series

1 - ordinary section 1 - 2 - 3; b-the same, 2-2-2; c—end section 3—3—4; g - facade of a six-section house

All electrical wiring and lighting fixtures are built into the walls of the cabins.

Apparently, in the coming years, large-panel housing construction will retain constructive systems with a frequent arrangement of transverse load-bearing walls, using flat cassette production of products for walls and ceilings from the most famous and cheap materials, since large-panel houses with a frequent step of transverse walls meet the requirements for variety of apartment layouts, have relatively better technical and economic indicators, have high factory readiness and ease of installation. After the commissioning of all house-building enterprises under construction, about 55% of the total volume of large-panel construction will be carried out according to standard projects of the 1-464A series.

Large-panel 5-story residential buildings of the 1-464 series of standard projects are the most common first-generation prefabricated buildings. The solution for this series of houses is based on a cross-wall structural system.

The main load-bearing skeleton of the buildings are transverse reinforced concrete walls, located at intervals of 3.2 and 2.6 m, due to which the houses of this type are called houses with a "narrow" pitch of transverse load-bearing walls. They rely on reinforced concrete slabs floors the size of "per room". They also rest on the outer and inner longitudinal walls, which take part of the vertical load, while at the same time providing the longitudinal rigidity of the building.

The floor slabs laid at 3.2m spacing are calculated and operate as supported along the contour. Since all the internal walls separating the rooms carry the load from the ceilings and the overlying floors, it is impossible to move these walls and thereby change the width of the rooms. For the same reason, the removal of the outer walls at a step of 3.2 m is excluded, without ensuring the support of the floor slab along the short outer wall.

House floor plan 1-464

The outer walls are made of panels - three-layer, consisting of two reinforced concrete shells and a layer of insulation between them, or single-layer panels (made of lightweight concrete). Internal bearing walls 12cm thick and floor slabs 10cm thick are reinforced concrete floorings of solid section. Roof - combined with roll soft roof or attic truss with corrugated asbestos cement roofing.

When redeveloping houses of the 1-464 series, it becomes necessary to install new or expand existing openings in the transverse walls. This is possible to a limited extent, but requires confirmation by calculations.

Possible dismantling of partitions in series 1-464

When modernizing a building, floor slabs cannot be dismantled. However, during the superstructure of the building, the floor slabs above the existing fifth floor can be partially dismantled. The arrangement of new openings in them is possible, but with large sizes such openings may require reinforcement of the overlap.

In the series under consideration, balconies are placed at a step of 3.2 m. Balcony reinforced concrete slabs 10 cm thick and 90 cm wide were mounted according to two schemes. During the initial period of construction, they relied on outer wall and were held in the project position by two metal rods, which, passing through the joint between the outer walls, were attached to the end of the inner wall panel. In later projects, such a solution was abandoned and, counting balcony slab as a console, supported on the outer wall, it was connected to the floor slab with the help of welded embedded elements.

Planning to buy an apartment in Barnaul? Are your eyes wide open from the abundance of houses and layouts? In fact, the entire housing stock of the regional capital can be divided into several categories: stalins, of which there are not so many left, classic Khrushchevs, houses of the 97th series and modern objects. It is the penultimate ones that are among the most common and sold.

What is the difference between the 97 series?

Such objects began to be erected from the mid-70s of the last century, and in some cities they continue to be built to this day. As a rule, such objects have a height of 10-11 floors, apartment layouts differ in certain sizes, bathrooms are shared, located in close proximity to the kitchen, which has tiny sizes- from 9 to 13 squares, depending on the number of rooms in the room. The entrance is distinguished by the absence of "pockets" and the presence of garbage chutes.

Layouts of apartments of series 97 in Barnaul

Layout 1 room apartment in the house of 97 series may seem boring to many. Such premises have an area of ​​​​either 34 square meters or 43. The bathroom is separate, which, by the way, is a fundamental difference from Khrushchev, and it is located at the entrance. In addition to the room and the kitchen, there can be a pantry inside, which was previously used for its intended purpose, and now becomes part of the living space, turns into a dressing room, an office, a laundry room. Maybe there is a loggia inside. With her, the situation is similar - modern residents try to make the most of every meter of the apartment, because the layout of apartments in typical houses does not suit everyone.

There is one important similarity in the 2 and even 3-room apartments of series 121 and 97: all the rooms in them are isolated from each other, which is lacking in khurschevkas, in which most of the rooms are walk-throughs. This causes a lot of inconvenience to the residents. The layout of the 4-room apartment is built on the same principle. True, such apartments are rare for Barnaul.

In general, houses of the 97th series experienced peculiar reforms several times. So, in the 90s they began to build one-room apartments with an area of ​​​​41 square meters, after the 2000s, developers began to allow themselves some liberties regarding the size of apartments.

• Odnushki began to have an area of ​​​​up to 46 square meters inclusive.
• Kopeck pieces - up to 72.
• Treshki - up to 93
• Fours - up to 86, which, by the way, some residents did not like: the area of ​​​​the rooms was much smaller than in threes.

The builders also increased the kitchen to 16 squares, which is almost 2 times more than originally planned in the 1970s. The housewives were able to appreciate this advantage: there was much more space for cooking.

True, even such objects are not without drawbacks. First and foremost - not enough good sound insulation due to the use of special materials in construction. Another minus - design features do not allow redevelopment to increase the number of rooms. And finally, the third disadvantage is the cost. So, the price of a 2-room apartment can exceed a similar offer in Khrushchev by 20-30%. However, the decision of this issue is up to the buyers.

1 bedroom apartments:

2-room apartments:

3-room apartments:

4-room apartments:

Episode 121

1 bedroom apartments:

2-room apartments:

3-room apartments:

4-room apartments:

Episode 464

1 bedroom apartments:

2-room apartments:

3-room apartments:

4-room apartments:

Khrushchev:

1 bedroom apartments:

Five-storey panel houses series 1-464

Large-panel 4-5-story residential buildings of the 1-464 series of standard projects are the most common first-generation prefabricated buildings. The solution of the houses of the considered series is based on the cross-wall structural system.

The main load-bearing skeleton of the buildings are transverse reinforced concrete walls, located at intervals of 3.2 and 2.6 m, due to which the houses of this type are called houses with a "narrow" pitch of transverse load-bearing walls. Reinforced concrete floor slabs of the size “per room” are supported on them. They also rest on the outer and inner longitudinal walls, which take part of the vertical load, while at the same time providing the longitudinal rigidity of the building.

The floor slabs laid at 3.2m spacing are calculated and operate as supported along the contour. Since all the internal walls separating the rooms carry the load from the ceilings and the overlying floors, it is impossible to move these walls and thereby change the width of the rooms. For the same reason, the removal of the outer walls at a step of 3.2 m is excluded, without ensuring the support of the floor slab along the short outer wall.
The outer walls are made of panels - three-layer, consisting of two reinforced concrete shells and a layer of insulation between them, or single-layer panels (made of lightweight concrete). Internal load-bearing walls 12cm thick and floor slabs 10cm thick are solid reinforced concrete flooring. Roof - combined with a rolled soft roof or attic rafter with a roof of corrugated asbestos cement.

When redeveloping houses of the 1-464 series, it becomes necessary to install new or expand existing openings in the transverse walls. This is possible to a limited extent, but requires confirmation by calculations.

When modernizing a building, floor slabs cannot be dismantled. However, during the superstructure of the building, the floor slabs above the existing fifth floor can be partially dismantled. The arrangement of new openings in them is possible, but with large sizes of such openings, reinforcement of the overlap may be required.

In the series under consideration, balconies are placed at a step of 3.2 m. Balcony reinforced concrete slabs 10 cm thick and 90 cm wide were mounted according to two schemes. In the initial period of construction, they rested on the outer wall and were held in the design position by two metal rods, which, passing through the joint between the outer walls, were attached to the end of the inner wall panel. In later projects, this solution was abandoned and, considering the balcony slab as a cantilever supported on the outer wall, they connected it to the floor slab using welded embedded elements.

Five-storey panel houses series 1-468

Typical projects of residential buildings of the 1-468 series were originally developed at the Gostroyproekt Institute, since 1961 - at TsNIIEPzhilishcha.

The load-bearing skeleton of the houses of this series are transverse load-bearing walls located in the plan with a step of 3 and 6 m, due to which, unlike the houses of the 1-464 series, the houses of this constructive system are called houses with a "mixed" step of the transverse load-bearing walls.
The most common representative of the houses in this series is a five-story, four-section residential building. In it, the outer wall panels are made of cellular concrete autoclave hardening or from lightweight concrete, and multi-hollow reinforced concrete floors rest on transverse load-bearing reinforced concrete walls. The longitudinal walls of the building are self-supporting. The roofs of such houses were erected in two versions: combined with a roll coating and attic truss with a roof of corrugated asbestos-cement sheets.

The main advantage of the houses in this series is that the floor panels do not rest on the longitudinal walls of the building. Therefore, these walls, except for individual sections of the inner wall adjacent to the stairwells and ensuring the longitudinal stability of the building, can be dismantled in some places. It is this circumstance that, when modernizing such buildings, opens up wide opportunities for eliminating the shortcomings in the layout of existing apartments by adding additional volumes to the building. The device of new and expansion of existing openings in the bearing transverse walls is possible only if the calculation confirms and strengthens the "contours" of the openings.

Five-storey panel houses series 1-335

Five-story residential buildings of the 1-335 series of standard projects are representatives of the frame-panel structural system. Typical projects of this series were originally developed by the author's team of the Leningrad Design Bureau, and then continued at the LenZNIIEP Institute.

The structural scheme of the house is a so-called "incomplete" frame, which consists of one row reinforced concrete columns located on the middle longitudinal axis of the building with a step of 3.2 and 2.6 m and reinforced concrete crossbars located across the building and resting on one side on reinforced concrete columns, and on the other side on metal support tables embedded in the body of the load-bearing outer wall panels. Reinforced concrete floor slabs "per room" in size are laid on the crossbars, designed to be supported on two long sides. The columns are interconnected by girders that provide longitudinal rigidity of the building.

In the houses of the system under consideration, load-bearing external walls were used mainly layered. They have outer layer in the form of a reinforced concrete ribbed “shell” and an internal (insulating) one made of foam concrete 26 cm thick, the surface of which is plastered from the side of the premises. There are no internal load-bearing walls in these houses, with the exception of stiffening diaphragms, which are the intersection walls of the stairwells.

With the same dimensions and steps of houses of different series in the houses of the frame-panel system, the principle of "free planning" can be fully implemented. The presence of crossbars under the floor slabs can be considered as a certain disadvantage that prevents the traditional formation of the interior of living rooms.

A modification of this constructive system was the introduction of two more rows of columns into it - at the outer walls of the building to support crossbars on them. Such houses are called "full frame houses". In them, the outer walls are self-supporting and can be dismantled during reconstruction.

Five-storey brick houses series 1-447

The 1-447 series includes standard projects 4-5 storey brick residential buildings with three longitudinal load-bearing walls. The load-bearing frame of the houses in this series are three longitudinal load-bearing walls and transverse brick walls- external end and internal, between which staircases are located. Transverse brick walls act as stiffening diaphragms. All other walls (internal and inter-apartment) are non-bearing.

The floors are made in the form of reinforced concrete multi-hollow slabs, supported by short sides on longitudinal brick walls. The most loaded is the middle wall, on which the floor panels rest on both sides. Openings in the outer longitudinal walls can only be enlarged by eliminating the window sill while maintaining the existing piers. Lintels above windows should also be preserved. In the end walls of the building during reconstruction, it is possible to make openings.

Possible dismantling of partitions in series 1-447