Structure of payments by electronic money message. Electronic money and wallets in payment systems

Hey! Igor Zuevich is in touch, and today we will talk about money on the Internet. No, not about how to earn them, but about what electronic money is and how to use it.

It cannot be considered as a way to save accumulated funds. Payment systems will not pay you interest, and the money is subject to certain risks.

To date, the activity of payment systems is not fully regulated by law. If you lose money, you can sue the founder company and recover the lost amounts from him.

But compensation from the state will not work, it can be paid only in case of loss of bank deposits.

Which payment system to choose?

In order to use virtual money, you must choose a payment system. It's not difficult at all.

Electronic payment system is selected based on the following criteria:

• Convenient and simple user interface;
• The possibility of round-the-clock replenishment of the wallet and withdrawal of funds to bank card;
• Certain experience in the functioning of the payment system in the Internet market;
• The popularity of the payment system on the Internet, whether it is used for payments in which you plan to order goods;
• A high degree of protection against unauthorized use of funds in the electronic wallet by third parties.

Popular payment systems

The most popular electronic payment systems on the Internet are:

webmoney- has a high degree of protection. Allows you to pay for goods and services via the Internet, ensuring the security of payments. For people far from the Internet, the system is difficult to understand. Unfortunately, there are interruptions in the system, and sometimes you have to spend time waiting. Be prepared for the fact that almost every debit transaction is accompanied by a commission;

Yandex money will allow you to instantly make money transfers, pay for purchases. The system has low commissions for transactions, which gives it an advantage over its competitors. The disadvantage of the system is a very expensive withdrawal of funds;

Qiwi, CyberPlat, RBK Money less common among Runet users. Each of the systems has advantages and disadvantages, which you can learn about by becoming a user of the system. We recommend trusting your money to market leaders.

PayPal the largest electronic payment system, which is gradually gaining popularity in RuNet. Only a month ago, it became possible to withdraw funds to a card account opened with a Russian bank, although the payment acceptance function has been available to Russian users for two years, since 2011.

You can open currency or ruble electronic wallets. The exchange between virtual cash vaults is as simple as possible and takes no more than 5 minutes.

How not to make a mistake with the choice of an electronic money system?

The disadvantages of electronic wallets today are quite high risks.

You may face the following risks when using electronic money:

• Financial losses. May occur in case of transmission of identification data or interception of SMS passwords. Bankruptcy of the payment system can also initiate the loss Money;
• Impossibility of payment at a specific point in time;
• Absence of legislative norms regulating the activity of payment systems;
• Holes in the security system of electronic wallets open up opportunities for the theft of your money by advanced hackers;
• Additional costs associated with the payment of commissions;
• Problematic recovery, access to an electronic wallet due to its loss.

But, despite the shortcomings, as such, the benefits of using electronic money will be appreciated by you.

How to replenish the Internet wallet?

You can deposit money into your virtual wallet in two main ways:

1. Cash through payment terminals;
2. Cash or non-cash through banking institutions.

Withdrawal of funds from an electronic wallet

If you need to turn electronic money into real money, you can use special services. About 10 sites work with each payment system. So, for example, to withdraw funds from WebMoney, you can use the wmtocard or inchange services. The commission for transferring money to a plastic card can be from 2 to 5 percent. All calculations are made within 5 minutes.

Benefits of e-wallets

Very often you can hear the question: “what is the benefit of electronic money?”. The main benefit is in the efficiency and ease of calculations. Although, some advanced users manage to make money on the exchange of electronic money between different types of wallets and payment systems.

Mutual aid societies also appear in Runet, the meaning of which is to provide borrowed funds to other participants in the system for a fee.

Electronic payment systems in Russia provide alternative sources of payment. Many financiers argue that in the future, electronic money will replace real money.

Whether this is so, we will find out after a while, but for now we carefully choose a payment system and join modern systems calculation. When making payments, we pay attention to security, we do not store passwords in wallets and passports.

As you can see, if in general you know how everything related to electronic money works, then it will not be difficult to use them in your calculations via the Internet. As always, the main thing is to act correctly and you will succeed. It is better to act together and under the supervision of those people who already have experience and results. Come to our programs, at the same time and earn more!

With you,
- Igor Zuevich.

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Main characteristics of electronic money:

the monetary value is recorded on an electronic device;

it can be used for various payments;

the payment is final.

Nevertheless, the issue of independent allocation of electronic money into a separate type remains debatable, as well as their definition, role in payment system and functions.

In modern monetary systems electronic money is fiat money, have a credit basis, perform the functions of a means of payment, circulation, accumulation, have a guarantee. The basis for issuing electronic money into circulation is cash and non-cash money. Electronic money acts as the issuer's financial obligations when servicing non-cash turnover as a requirement for it. They can be considered as an element of the monetary aggregate. Automatic maintenance of bank accounts (crediting and debiting funds, transfers from account to account, accrual of interest, control over the status of settlements) is carried out electronically (electronic transfers). Tools for electronic access to accounts are constantly evolving, however, money is still represented in the form of account entries.

Properties of electronic money are based both on traditional monetary properties (liquidity, portability, universality, divisibility, convenience) and relatively new ones (security, anonymity, durability). However, not all of them in the process of application meet the requirements of high liquidity and stable purchasing power, and therefore the issue and use in circulation require a special procedure for regulation and control. Electronic access tools are payment cards, electronic checks, remote banking.

Settlements on the Internet. "Network" electronic money

These calculations are based on the concept of electronic cash. Electronic cash is digital cash in electronic form used in network settlements, which is electronic banknotes in the form of a set of binary codes that exist on a particular medium, moved in the form of a digital envelope over the network. Electronic cash technology allows you to pay for goods and services in a virtual economy by transferring information from one computer to another. Electronic cash, like real cash, is anonymous and reusable, and digital banknote numbers are unique. They can be transferred from one person to another, bypassing the bank, but at the same time keeping them within the network payment systems. When paying for a product or service, digital money is transferred to the seller, who either transfers it to the bank participating in the system for crediting to his account, or pays it with his partners. Currently, various network payment systems are widespread on the Internet.

Yandex money. In mid-2002, Paycash entered into an agreement with the largest Runet search engine Yandex to launch the Yandex project. Money (universal payment system created in 2002). The main features of the Yandex payment system. Money:

electronic transfers between user accounts;

buy, sell and exchange electronic currencies:

pay for services (Internet access, cellular communication, hosting, apartment, etc.);

transfer funds to a credit or debit card.

The transaction fee is 0.5% for each payment transaction. When withdrawing funds to a bank account or otherwise, the Yandex.Money system withholds 3% of the amount of withdrawn funds, in addition, an additional percentage is charged directly by the transfer agent (bank, post office, etc.).

webmoneyTransfer- payment system, which appeared on November 25, 1998, is the most common and reliable Russian electronic payment system for real-time financial transactions, created for users of the Russian-speaking part of the World Wide Web. Anyone can become a user of the system. The means of payment in the system are title units called WebMoney, or abbreviated as WM. All WM is stored in so-called electronic wallets. There are four types of wallets most common:

WMZ - dollar wallets;

WMR - ruble wallets;

WME - euro wallets;

WMU - wallets for storing Ukrainian hryvnia.

The WebMoney Transfer payment system allows you to:

carry out financial transactions and pay for goods (services) on the Internet;

pay for services mobile operators, Internet and television providers, pay for a subscription to the media;

exchange WebMoney title units for other electronic currencies at a favorable rate;

make payments by e-mail, use a mobile phone as a wallet;

online store owners to accept payment for goods on their website.

WM is a global information transfer system property rights open for free use by everyone. Using WebMoney Transfer, you can make instant transactions related to the transfer of property rights to any online goods and services, create your own web services and network enterprises, conduct transactions with other participants, issue and maintain your own instruments.

There are several ways to replenish a WM-wallet:

bank transfer (including through Sberbank of the Russian Federation);

postal transfer;

using the Western Union system;

by exchanging rubles or currency for WM at an authorized bank or exchange office;

by receiving WM from any of the system participants in exchange for services, goods or in exchange for cash;

using a prepaid WM-card;

through the E-Gold system.

RUpay- the payment system, which has been operating since October 7, 2002, is an integrator of payment systems, where payment systems and exchange offices are programmatically combined into one system.

The main features of the RUpay payment system:

making electronic transfers between user accounts;

buy, sell and exchange electronic currencies with a minimum commission;

make payments to other electronic payment systems: WebMoney, PayPal, E-gold, etc.;

accept payments on your site in more than 20 ways;

receive funds from the system account at the nearest ATM;

manage your account from any computer connected to the Internet".

paycash- electronic payment system. Started working on Russian market in early 1998, positioned primarily as an affordable means of fast, efficient and secure cash payments on the Internet.

The main advantage of this payment system is the use of its own unique developments in the field of financial cryptography, highly appreciated by Western experts. The PayCash payment system has a number of prestigious awards and patents, among which is the "Certificate of Special Recognition of the US Congress". At the moment, PayCash technology is used by such well-known payment systems as Yandex. Money (Russia), Cyphermint PayCash (USA), DramCash (Armenia), PayCash (Ukraine).

PayCash is based on digital cash technology. From the point of view of the user (seller or buyer), PayCash technology is a set of "electronic wallets", each of which has its own owner. All wallets are connected to a single processing center, which processes information received from the owners. Thanks to modern technologies, users can make transactions with their money without leaving their computer. The technology allows you to transfer digital cash from one wallet to another, store it in the Internet bank, convert it, withdraw it from the system to traditional bank accounts or other payment systems.

e-gold- an electronic payment system created in 1996 by Gold&Silver Reserve (G&SR). E-gold is an American settlement system of electronic money, the main currency of which is precious metals - gold, platinum, silver, etc., and this currency is physically backed by the corresponding metal. The system is completely international, works with all currencies of the world, and anyone can get access to it. Banks of the USA and Switzerland act as guarantors of the reliability of this payment system. The main difference of the e-gold payment system is that all funds are physically backed by precious metals stored in Nova Scotia Bank (Toronto). The number of users of the c-gold payment system in 2006 amounted to about 3 million people. The main advantages of the e-gold payment system are as follows:

internationality - regardless of the place of residence, any user has the opportunity to open an e-gold account:

anonymity - when opening an account, they are not presented mandatory requirements to the indication of the real personal data of the user;

ease and intuitiveness - the interface is intuitive and user-friendly;

no additional software installation required;

versatility - wide use This payment system allows you to use it for almost any financial transactions.

There are two ways to enter money into the system: receive a transfer from another participant or transfer money in any currency to the E-gold system using the mechanism described on the site, through a bank transfer.

You can receive or withdraw money by ordering a bank transfer on the E-gold website, by transferring to other systems (PayPal, WebMoney, Western Union) or to any credit or debit card.

Stormpay- payment system, opened in 2002. Any user can register in this system, regardless of the country of residence. One of the advantages of the system is its versatility and lack of binding to a specific geographical region, since the system works with all countries without exception. The Stormpay account number is an email address. Its main drawback is the inability to convert funds from a Stormpay account to E-gold, WebMoney or Rupay. This payment system allows you to transfer funds to credit cards.

PayPal- electronic payment system, one of the most popular and reliable among foreign payment systems. By early 2006, it served users from 55 countries. PayPal was founded by Peter Thiel and Max Levchin in 1998 as a private company. PayPal provides its users with the ability to receive and send payments using e-mail or a mobile phone with Internet access, but in addition, users of the PayPal payment system have the ability to:

send payments (Send Money): transfer any amount from your personal account. In this case, the recipient of the payment can be either another PayPal user or an outsider;

fulfill a request to receive a payment (Money Request). Using this type of service, the user can send letters to his debtors containing a request to make a payment (issue an invoice for payment);

place special tools for accepting payments (Web Tools) on the website. This service is only available to Premier and Business account holders and is recommended for use by online store owners. At the same time, the user can place a button on his website, by clicking which the payer gets to the website of the payment system, where he can complete the payment procedure (you can use a credit card), after which he returns to the user's website;

use Auction Tools. The payment system offers two types of services: 1) automatic distribution of requests for receiving payment (Automatic Payment Request); 2) auction winners can pay directly from the website where the auction is held (Instant Purchase for Auctions);

carry out financial transactions using a mobile phone (Mobile Payments);

pay at the same time a large number users (Batch Pay);

carry out a daily transfer of funds to a bank account (Auto-Sweep).

In the future, the possibility of receiving interest for keeping funds in the account is being considered.

moneybookers- electronic payment system, opened in 2003. Despite its relative youth, it successfully competes in many areas with such a giant as PayPal. The main advantage of this payment system can be considered its versatility. Moneybookers is easy to use for both individuals and owners of online stores and banks. Unlike PayPal, the Moneybookers payment system serves users in more than 170 countries, including Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. Moneybookers features:

no additional software is required for operation;

the account number of the Moneybookers user is an email address;

the minimum transfer amount in Moneybookers is 1 euro cent (or the equivalent in another currency);

the ability to automatically send money according to a schedule without user intervention;

The system commission is 1% of the payment amount and is withheld from the sender.

1.Digital money. The concept of electronic money Digital (hereinafter referred to as electronic) money completely simulates real money. At the same time, the issuing organization - the issuer - issues their electronic counterparts, called differently in different systems (for example, coupons). Further, they are bought by users who use them to pay for purchases, and then the seller redeems them from the issuer. When issuing, each monetary unit is certified by an electronic seal, which is checked by the issuing structure before redemption. One of the features of physical money is its anonymity, that is, it does not indicate who used it and when. Some systems, by analogy, allow the customer to receive electronic cash in such a way that the relationship between him and the money cannot be determined. This is done using a blind signature scheme. It is also worth noting that when using electronic money, there is no need for authentication, since the system is based on issuing money into circulation before using it. Below is the scheme of payment using digital money. The buyer exchanges real money for electronic money in advance. The customer can keep cash in two ways, which is determined by the system used: On the computer's hard drive. on smart cards. Different systems offer different schemes exchange. Some open special accounts to which funds are transferred from the buyer's account in exchange for electronic banknotes. Some banks may issue electronic cash themselves. At the same time, it is issued only at the request of the client, with its subsequent transfer to the computer or card of this client and the withdrawal of the cash equivalent from his account. When implementing a blind signature, the buyer himself creates electronic banknotes, sends them to the bank, where, upon receipt real money they are stamped on the account and sent back to the client. Along with the convenience of such storage, it also has disadvantages. Damage to a disk or smart card results in an irretrievable loss of electronic money. The buyer transfers electronic money for the purchase to the seller's server. The money is presented to the issuer, who verifies their authenticity. If electronic banknotes are genuine, the seller's account is increased by the amount of the purchase, and the goods are shipped to the buyer or the service is provided.
One of the important distinguishing features electronic money is the ability to make micropayments. This is due to the fact that the denomination of banknotes may not correspond to real coins (for example, 37 kopecks). Both banks and non-bank organizations can issue electronic cash. However, a unified conversion system has not yet been developed. different types electronic money. Therefore, only the issuers themselves can redeem the electronic cash issued by them. In addition, the use of such money from non-financial structures is not guaranteed by the state. However, the low cost of the transaction makes e-cash an attractive tool for payments on the Internet. Credit systems Internet credit systems are analogous to conventional systems that work with credit cards. The difference lies in the conduct of all transactions via the Internet, and as a result, the need for additional security and authentication. The general scheme of payments in such a system is shown in the figure. The following are involved in making payments via the Internet using credit cards: Buyer. A client that has a computer with a Web browser and Internet access. Issuing bank. Here is the buyer's account. The issuing bank issues cards and is the guarantor of the fulfillment of the client's financial obligations. Sellers. Sellers are E-Commerce servers that maintain catalogs of goods and services and accept customer purchase orders. Acquiring banks. Banks serving merchants. Each seller has a single bank in which he keeps his current account. Internet payment system. Electronic components that are intermediaries between other participants. Traditional payment system. A set of financial and technological means for servicing cards of this type. Among the main tasks solved by the payment system are ensuring the use of cards as a means of payment for goods and services, the use of banking services, mutual settlements, etc. Participants of the payment system are individuals and legal entities united by relations for the use of credit cards. Payment system processing center. An organization that provides information and technological interaction between participants in a traditional payment system. Settlement bank of the payment system. A credit institution that carries out mutual settlements between participants of the payment system on behalf of the processing center.
The buyer in the electronic store forms a basket of goods and selects the payment method "credit card". Further, the credit card parameters (number, owner's name, expiration date) must be transferred to the Internet payment system for further authorization. This can be done in two ways: through the store, that is, the card parameters are entered directly on the store's website, after which they are transferred to the Internet payment system (2a); on the payment system server (2b). The advantages of the second way are obvious. In this case, information about the cards does not remain in the store, and, accordingly, the risk of receiving them by third parties or fraud by the seller is reduced. In both cases, when transferring credit card details, there is still the possibility of their interception by intruders on the network. To prevent this, data is encrypted during transmission. Encryption, of course, reduces the possibility of intercepting data on the network, so it is desirable to carry out buyer/seller, seller/Internet payment system, buyer/Internet payment system communications using secure protocols. The most common of these today is the SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) protocol. It is based on an asymmetric encryption scheme with public key, and the RSA algorithm is used as the encryption scheme. Due to the technical and licensing features of this algorithm, it is considered less reliable, therefore, the SET (Secure Electronic Transaction) secure electronic transaction standard is being gradually introduced, designed to replace SSL in the processing of transactions related to payments for purchases by credit cards on the Internet. Among the advantages of the new standard, one can note increased security, including the ability to authenticate all participants in transactions. Its disadvantages are technological complexity and high cost. The Internet payment system sends the authorization request to the traditional payment system. The next step depends on whether the issuing bank maintains an online database (DB) of accounts. If the database is available, the processing center sends a request to the issuing bank to authorize the card (4b) and then (4a) receives its result. If there is no such base, then the processing center itself stores information about the status of cardholders' accounts, stop lists and fulfills requests for authorization. This information is regularly updated by issuing banks. The authorization result is transmitted to the Internet payment system. The store receives the authorization result. The buyer receives the authorization result through the store (7a) or directly from the Internet payment system (7b). If the authorization result is positive, the store provides a service or ships goods (8a); the processing center sends information about the completed transaction to the settlement bank (8b). Money from the buyer's account in the issuing bank is transferred through the settlement bank to the store's account in the acquiring bank. In most cases, such payments require special software. It can be delivered to the buyer (called an electronic wallet), the seller and his servicing bank. For example, consider the WebMoney Transfer electronic payment system.

4. The popularity of digital money. Development prospects According to some analysts, soon electronic means of payment will completely displace cash and checks from the market, since they represent more convenient way payment for goods and services. Electronic payments may soon replace cash and checks, according to ABA/Dove estimates, as every second in-store purchase is now made electronically. Cash remains the main means of payment in traditional stores for only 33% of shoppers. While the majority of online purchases are made using credit cards, almost half of respondents use checks and money orders in e-commerce, and a quarter of virtual shoppers use P2P payments. Two-thirds of consumers pay at least one monthly bill electronically, including credit/debit cards, direct payments or online banking. Analysts believe that by 2003 online bill payment will reach significant volumes, as the majority of users will start using or increase the use of this payment option. At the same time, the use of "paper" payments will be significantly reduced - 21% of respondents said that they intend to refuse to pay their bills by checks. At the same time, Yankee Group analysts note that 8.7% of US consumers pay their bills online today, up from 5.1% last year. Marketing efforts are starting to pay off, with 29% of consumers already showing interest in using electronic bill payment systems (EBPP), and 14.9% citing time savings as their primary motivation. However, experts warn that banks will face competition from financial service providers in this area, given that a provider that provides users with a convenient and simple interface will be able to keep them for a long time. Growth of turnover of e-commerce "Business to consumer" in Russia, million dollars (according to The Economist, Boston Consulting Group):
Growth of e-commerce in the "Business to consumer" sector, billion dollars (according to eMarketer):
The share of e-commerce in GDP (GDP) of the United States (according to eMarketer):

Active Internet audience in Russia according to ROCIT, million people:
From the moment of its formation on the Russian exchange market, trading platforms have been using modern technologies, creating systems that are unique in their characteristics almost from scratch, trying to cover the entire market, all regions of the Russian Federation. Developing in line with advanced global trends, organized e-commerce is becoming more and more attractive in the global market. There were prerequisites for rapprochement and communication of trading platforms both within Russia and abroad. Today, information technology determines the face of the global financial market. World financial markets are becoming more and more global, and Russia is moving in line with this process. The challenge of the time is the internationalization of the world economy, which today acts as a globally integrated economic system. Our country is going to take an important step - to join the World Trade Organization (WTO). Necessary condition accession to the WTO is Russia's integration into the international financial market. Therefore, speaking about the prospects for the development of the Russian market, integration into the infrastructure of the global capital market can be singled out as one of the main stages. This work has already begun. Electronic technology is developing rapidly. Today it is already difficult to imagine our life without the Internet. In the past few years, the popularity of trading shares of companies via the Internet has been growing rapidly in the world. Individual investors were able to conclude transactions, in fact, without leaving their homes. In 1999, the beginning of the development of Internet trading on the Russian stock market was laid. The total volume of transactions via the Internet in the Russian market is constantly growing, and according to some estimates, already in 2001 it amounted to about 40% of the total turnover of the stock market. For example, in December 2001, about 47% of the trading volume and about 70% of transactions on the MICEX stock market were concluded via the Internet. Trading via the Internet today is the most simple and convenient access for private investors in the financial markets. With the spread of Internet trading, the number of transactions of small volume began to increase. In other words, the activity of clients on the stock market and the share of client operations in the total turnover are growing at a faster pace. It is interesting to note that the leaders in the introduction and promotion of Internet trading on the Russian stock market turned out to be not large, but dynamic brokerage companies, which are now consistently among the top ten market participants in terms of turnover. At the same time, large brokerage companies and banks began to master the new service much later. Today's realities are such that it is not the "big", but the "fast" company that wins. Having received a start in the stock market for a number of reasons, Internet trading is now steadily developing in other sectors of the financial market: government securities; currency; urgent. In the future, the development of Internet trading will be determined by the following main trends. First of all, both the range of markets and traded instruments offered within the framework of Internet trading systems, as well as the offered service and the range of additional services for clients based on their full automation, will expand. We will see a closer interconnection within the same Internet system of the functions of banking systems, Internet trading, and systems of depository and back office services. In addition, the process of expanding the analytical and information support of clients on the basis of integration with information and analytical Internet systems developed by news agencies will continue more actively. Given the low level of development of telecommunications networks, especially in the regions of Russia, of course, one of the priority areas for development will be to improve the quality of work, improve the consumer properties of Internet trading systems. The solution to this problem lies not only in the field of improving the applied hardware and software of Internet trading systems, but also in the field of creating a new generation of systems that can significantly expand the technological capabilities of customer service and improve the quality of their work. A very important factor influencing the development of Internet business in the financial markets, in the very near future, with the advent of an appropriate regulatory framework, will undoubtedly be the need for mandatory use of certified information security software and electronic digital signature in remote access systems via the Internet. On January 10, 2002, President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin signed the Federal Law "On Electronic Digital Signature", aimed at ensuring the legal conditions for the use of electronic digital signature in electronic documents, under which an electronic digital signature in an electronic document is recognized as equivalent to a handwritten signature in a document on paper media. With the advent of Internet technologies, a real need arose to connect the disparate technological links of the customer service process into a single chain. Investors can now use automated systems to monitor the entire investment process and manage their assets in real time. This approach requires constant modernization of software products and all systems of various functional purposes with a chain of possibility of their information interconnection in real time or their integration into single software and hardware complexes of multifunctional purpose. Conclusion A superficial analysis of Internet technologies for business, of which online payment systems are an integral part, allows us to draw the following conclusions: 1. Issuers of digital money are systems that organize Internet transactions. 2. There are at least two types of digital money emission systems: those that issue electronic cash immediately upon receipt of real money to the bank account of the system, and those that issue only during and for the period of the payment. 3. Digital money is money issued against the backing of real money. 4. The turnover rate of digital money is the highest to date. 5. Traditional credit and debit cards, issued by banks for remote access to the account, are not digital money as such. Even if an open card account is multi-currency, it is not directly related to digital money, as it is opened in any base currency. And its multicurrency is expressed in the fact that when paying with a plastic card, it is possible to instantly convert the base currency into the payment currency. 6. Non-cash money also cannot be directly called digital money, despite the fact that their medium is electronic. Since their analogue exists in cash. 7. Digital money allows you to make micropayments and, if you accumulate enough money, convert them into real money.

List of sources of information: 1. Official website of the WebMoney Transfer payment system - http://www.webmoney.ru 2. Official website of the analytical agency RosBusinessConsulting - http://www.rbc.ru 3. Internet resource - http://www.i2r.ru 4 PayWell payment system website - http://www.paywell.ru 5. "Banks and banking systems" Member of the International Informatization Academy Member of the Scientific and Expert Council of the Committee on Economic Policy and Entrepreneurship of the State Duma of the Russian Federation V. Yurovitsky - http://www.yur.ru 6. Ozone online store - http://www.ozone.ru 7. Where does the money go? Entrepreneurship of the State Duma of the Russian Federation V. Yurovitsky - http://www.yur.ru 8. Information site "Electronic money. Payment systems on the Internet" - http://www.pay-system.info 9. Official information site "Business Technologies to the Internet", 1997-2006, Internet Payment Systems Group - "Internet Payment Systems" - http://money.ru/menu.asp 10. Official information site "Business", - section: Business from and to. -2008, http://business.rin.ru

Many modern users have heard the term "digital money". But not everyone understands what it is. But you need to know about it. After all, digital technologies are an integral part of life. modern man. And electronic money is found in practice more and more often. But what is it? And how can these objects be used?

Terminology

Digital money is a storage system for various currencies using modern technologies. Particularly computers.

talking plain language, electronic money is called cash flows stored in so-called electronic wallets. We can say that this is how a currency is described, which has a turnover not in the form of cash, but in electronic payment systems.

An electronic wallet is a storage of digital money. The totality of data available to financial organization, which emphasize the right of a citizen to use certain finances. Often, electronic wallets are simply called payment systems.

disadvantages

What are the pros and cons of digital money? Let's start with the disadvantages. After all, every user should know about them. And at the same time, we will dispel some myths.

The disadvantages of digital money include:

1. Legal regulation. In most countries, it is not yet entirely clear how to legally work with electronic means. In addition, there are official prohibitions on the use of digital money in some areas. For example, they will not be able to pay for the purchase of an apartment or a car.
2. Everyday life. Another very dubious shortcoming. Not everyone knows digital money. And you can't use them everywhere. Some claim that with electronic means it will be possible to work without problems only on the Internet. In practice, this is not the case. Especially when you consider that the bulk of electronic payment systems offer a special form of money storage (more on that later). This service allows you to freely use the available funds.
3. Difficulty of use. Digital money today is strongly tied to technological progress. A few years ago, this feature was a serious drawback. For example, if a person’s Internet or electricity is turned off, he will not be able to access the funds.

We have studied the disadvantages of electronic money. But they have enough advantages. After all, today users are more and more working with a similar interpretation of funds.

Positive sides

Now about pluses. Electronic money is very convenient. It is important to understand that the bulk of their shortcomings are already perfectly eliminated today. In particular, if you pick up a good store of funds.

So, the advantages of digital money include:

1. Mobility. For digital media, there is no concept of size. In addition, a person can always use his money. All funds will be at hand. This is very captivating. You no longer need to stand in line to pay receipts and taxes, you can easily transfer money anywhere in the world.
2. Full automation. Human factor when working with digital money is absent. All operations are performed by computers and then recorded. There is no concept of change in electronic payment systems. And thanks to the preservation of the history of operations, a person will be able to understand where this or that money has gone.
3. Security. Losing electronic funds is almost impossible. They will not be stolen from the hands, a person will not forget where he put them. All finances are stored on a special electronic wallet. Electronic money can only be lost if the corresponding vault is hacked. Fortunately, such situations are extremely rare.
4. Freedom. When working with digital finance, the user may not provide information about himself. For most transactions, it is enough to know the details of the account of the recipient of funds.
5. Comfort of use. Today, technological progress does not stand still. And now digital money can be used almost everywhere. The main thing is to choose the right e-wallet. Digital payments are allowed wherever there is a cashless payment.

As you can already see, there are a lot of pluses in the studied components. But what else do users need to know? How to work with electronic money and wallets?

Examples of digital media

It is important to understand that electronic money is different. And all of them allow you to work with different currencies. Therefore, it is not entirely clear how digital means differ. It is customary to classify them according to storage systems.

Consider the most common types. Examples of digital money:

• cryptocurrency;
• "Yandex money";
• paypal;
• qiwi;
• webmoney.

This is not all types of electronic means. But with the listed options, users work most often.

Blurring of the concept

The definition of digital money is vague. On the one hand, we found out what it is. On the other hand, some people claim that any non-cash transactions are actions with electronic means. Is it really?

Yes and no. After all, many banks offer Internet banking. In this case, the funds will be stored in an account opened in advance, and management is carried out using computer technology. Therefore, it is not always possible to understand what digital means are.

But as we have already said, this term is usually used to describe money stored in an electronic wallet. It is with this interpretation that we will work further.

About wallets and how to use them

We found out what electronic money is. An electronic wallet is a repository of relevant finances. Such payment systems are in great demand. Especially when shopping online.

Electronic wallets, like money, are diverse. Most often, people work with the systems "WebMoney", "Yandex. Money", "Qiwi", "PayPal". How can I use a wallet of one type or another?

The main functionality of the storage of digital (electronic) money includes:

• payment of bills (any);
• checking taxes and fines;
• payment for online purchases;
• payment for receiving certain services;
• replenishment of a mobile phone account;
• making money transfers.

Almost like a regular wallet with money! The difference is that cash does not appear in this case. Only cashless payment.

Under certain circumstances, the user can cash out digital funds. For example, by implementing money transfer through the Contact system.

Wallet types

It is also important to understand that modern electronic wallets are trying to protect to the maximum. To do this, payment systems introduce various restrictions and several types of accounts.

Among them, most often distinguished:

• initial (anonymous);
• standard, formal (nominal);
• confirmed.

In the first case, the citizen does not provide any information about himself. Such wallets are highly limited in terms of the limit of the funds on the account, in transactions and in the amounts that can be withdrawn from the account per day/week/month. Formal passports (profiles) require the user to upload passport data and provide personal information. This is the most common scenario. The wallet has large limits, but not all restrictions have been removed from it yet.

Verified accounts allow you to work with all the options of a particular wallet. In this case, the restrictions will be minimal. Usually you have to confirm your identity at the service center of the payment system (for example, in Euroset communication stores). Such certificates are used by IP.

About media

As we have already said, in the past, electronic money was very problematic to use. But now this problem has been eliminated in many payment systems. The thing is that digital money can be stored on different media.

The following scenarios are possible:

• electronic account (required);
• a bank card linked to a wallet;
• virtual card.

Without fail, when opening an electronic wallet, a user is issued a special account (like a bank account). This is the storehouse of money.

Many services such as "Yandex. Money" allow you to make special bank cards linked to an electronic account. Under such circumstances, all the money in the wallet immediately appears on the card. It is very convenient! Thanks to this feature, digital funds are now almost indistinguishable from the money that is stored on a bank card of a regular bank.

A virtual card is an analogue of a physical medium. Used for the convenience of working on the Web. With the help of such "plastic" it is allowed to pay for purchases on the Internet with special comfort. A striking example of such a product is the WebMoney card.

Beginning of work

How to get started with e-wallet and digital money? It is enough to register in one or another payment system.

For example, you can do this:

1. Go to Webmoney website.
2. Click on the "Register" button.
3. Specify a mobile phone number.
4. Click on the "Continue" button.
5. Fill out the registration form. Here you must specify the e-mail that will be linked to the wallet.
6. Create a login password and repeat it.
7. Click on the "Register" button.
8. Confirm the operation. To do this, you need to enter a special code sent by SMS.

That's all. Now the user will have a WebMoney wallet. The user will see his account, which will allow him to work with digital funds. IN " Personal account"You can upload scans of your passport and get a formal passport.

Virtual card

The WebMoney card can be issued only after the user gets rid of the anonymous profile. It means virtual "plastic".

To order it, you need:

1. Log in to your wallet.
2. Open the WM-card page.
3. Click on the "Order" button.
4. Select the type of plastic.
5. Click on the "Next" button.
6. Specify whether you want to use SMS-informing.
7. Check the box next to "Confirm".
8. Click on the "Confirmation" button.
9. Pay for plastic through the "Merchant" system, indicating the data from the bank card.

Ready! Now you can use the virtual card. This task does not cause any difficulties.

Conclusion

IN modern world The future of digital money is not exactly defined. But it is safe to say that most countries are trying to introduce such tools and introduce laws to control the relevant finances. Electronic payment services are improving every year.

Already, there is almost no difference between a bank card and plastic linked to an electronic wallet. This means that digital tools are in demand. They replace cash. Working with such money is a real pleasure!

Nowadays, the Internet is a huge world that has unlimited possibilities. With it, you can make purchases without leaving your apartment (workplace). It is more convenient and faster than the traditional method, and often much cheaper. But this requires electronic money.

Electronic money is a virtual monetary unit through which all kinds of payments are made on the Internet. These are, in fact, the same banknotes that have the same value as real money or funds in bank accounts, with the difference that their entire circulation takes place exclusively on the Internet. Electronic money can be in different currencies, they can be exchanged for real money and vice versa.

Electronic money is a perpetual monetary obligation of a financial and credit institution, expressed in electronic form, certified by an electronic digital signature and redeemed at the time of presentation with ordinary money.

Electronic money is a new means of payment that allows you to make payment transactions and does not require access to deposit accounts.

Electronic money - in broad sense words are considered as a set of subsystems of cash (issuance is carried out without opening personal accounts) and non-cash money (issuance is carried out with the opening of personal accounts) or as a system of monetary settlements through the use of electronic technology.

Electronic money - in a narrow sense, they represent a subsystem of cash issued into circulation by banks or specialized credit institutions. Here, the main difference is the optional use of a bank account when making a payment, when the operation is carried out from the payer to the recipient without the participation of the bank.

Electronic money is a means of payment that exists exclusively in electronic form, that is, in the form of records in specialized electronic systems. Currently, they are used mainly on the Internet, but can exist outside of it.

Electronic money is issued in the form of rather arbitrary payment units, for example, WMZ or WMR in the WebMoney electronic money system. As a rule, these units are tied to some currency.

Electronic money first appeared in Japan in the late 1980s. At that time, prepaid chip cards of some Japanese telephone, transport and trading companies, they gradually began to be used and accepted by other firms.

In Europe, the first applications of previously paid electronic payment products have been introduced since the early 1990s. They enabled users to store electronic money on cards. New means of payment have attracted attention not only because of their innovative technical qualities, but also because they were not issued by banking institutions. Soon, banks began to implement similar projects.

TYPES OF ELECTRONIC MONEY

There are 2 types of electronic money:
1. Electronically issued payment certificates or checks. These certificates have a certain denomination, are stored in an encrypted form, and are signed by the issuer's electronic signature. During settlements, certificates are transferred from one system participant to another, while the transfer itself can go beyond the issuer's payment system.
2. Entries on current account member of the system. Settlements are made by writing off a certain number of payment units from one account, and entering them into another account within the payment system of the electronic money issuer. The second type is a fairly accurate analogue of non-cash funds.

From the point of view of the owner of electronic money, both of these types are practically indistinguishable, and are used in approximately the same way. The capabilities of systems built on different principles are also almost identical.

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRONIC MONEY

In modern monetary systems, electronic money is fiat money, has a credit basis, performs the functions of a means of payment, circulation, accumulation, and has a guarantee. The basis for issuing electronic money into circulation is cash and non-cash money. Electronic money acts as the issuer's financial obligations when servicing non-cash transactions.

Electronic money is characterized by an internal contradiction: on the one hand, they are a means of payment, on the other hand, the obligation of the issuer, which must be fulfilled in traditional non-electronic money.

Main characteristics of electronic money:
- the monetary value is recorded on an electronic device;
- they can be used for various payments;
- the payment is final.

Unlike conventional non-cash money, electronic money exists only within the issuer's payment system and cannot be transferred to other systems unchanged. This limitation greatly simplifies the creation and maintenance of electronic money systems, which leads to a very large reduction in the cost of transactions, since all transactions occur within the system.

LEGAL AND ECONOMIC STATUS OF ELECTRONIC MONEY

Initially basics legal status and rules for the use of electronic money were enshrined in federal law dated June 27, 2011 No. 161-FZ "On the national payment system", and later - in regulations Bank of Russia. One of the latest was the Leaflet "On Electronic Money", approved by the letter of the Bank of Russia dated December 20, 2013 No. 249-T, which was recommended by the mega-regulator for examination by credit institutions and distribution among their customers - individuals.

From a legal point of view, electronic money is an issuer's perpetual monetary obligations to the bearer in electronic form, the issue (issue) of which is carried out by the issuer, both after receiving funds, in an amount not less than the volume of obligations assumed, and in the form of a loan . The circulation of electronic money is carried out by assigning the right of claim to the issuer and gives rise to the obligations of the latter to fulfill monetary obligations in the amount presented by electronic money. Accounting for monetary obligations is carried out in electronic form on a special device.

In the economic sense, electronic money is a payment instrument that, depending on the implementation scheme, has the properties of both traditional cash and traditional payment instruments (bank cards, checks, etc.): bypassing the banking system, with traditional payment instruments - the possibility of making cashless payments through accounts opened with credit institutions.

There is a fundamental difference between electronic money and ordinary non-cash money, it lies in the fact that electronic money is not a substitute for ordinary money, but is a means of payment issued by an organization, while ordinary money (cash or non-cash) is issued by the central government. bank of a particular country. There is no direct relationship between non-cash funds and electronic money.

There is also a fundamental difference between electronic money and credit cards. Electronic money is a completely separate and independent means of payment, and a credit card is just one of the ways to use your bank account, all transactions take place with ordinary money, albeit in a non-cash form.

PAYMENT SYSTEMS

Just like banks are circulatory system of the economy of any state, electronic payment systems act as a circulatory system and e-commerce is the main, but not the only direction of their use.

Each electronic payment system issues its own electronic money, which can correspond to different real currencies. Various electronic payment systems have different level development, different functionality, different coverage network, different purpose. As a rule, electronic money of one payment system can be exchanged for the currency of another, but not always, in addition, such an operation will require a certain commission. Electronic payment systems earn on commissions that are charged for all transactions with their currency.

As a rule, electronic payment systems issue exactly as much electronic money as there is a need for them, that is, to the extent that users of the system deposit their real money to buy electronic currency. The issuance of electronic money is usually regulated by law, so electronic payment systems that are registered and operate in the territory of a particular country must adhere to these rules. However, often this does not actually happen, since electronic money is very difficult to trace, and the legislation in this area is still imperfect.

There are many electronic payment systems, but when choosing, they are usually guided by two rules: popularity (prevalence) and reliability (degree of protection), and these factors significantly narrow the circle of considered electronic money. It is necessary to choose the most famous payment systems, since it is their currency that is supported by most online stores and sites.

Payment system WebMoney

Webmoney Transfer is the most widespread and reliable Russian electronic payment system for conducting financial transactions in real time, created for users of the Russian-speaking part of the World Wide Web. This is the undisputed leader among payment systems not only in Russia, but also in other CIS countries, and also has a certain circulation around the world. Legally, WebMoney Transfer is not a payment system, since it does not issue electronic money, but the so-called. title units by means of which the transfer of monetary rights of claims is carried out. The company was founded in 1998 and today there are more than 25 million participants in the WebMoney system, while WebMoney wallets are used by more than 35% of Runet users.

Anyone can become a user of the system. The means of payment in the system are title units called WebMoney, or abbreviated as WM. All WM is stored in so-called electronic wallets. In total, the system uses about a dozen electronic currencies (including special credit currencies), among which are the equivalents of the currencies of the CIS countries, world currencies of the dollar and euro, as well as gold.

The most common wallets are of three types:
WMR - ruble wallets;
WMZ - dollar wallets;
WME - euro wallets.

To use the system, a special WebMoney Keeper program is used, which can be downloaded free of charge from the system's website upon registration. The level of protection of transactions is very high, so you can be sure that your money will not disappear anywhere and all transfers will reach their destination. When transferring money, a small commission is charged (0.8% of the transfer amount) in favor of the system.

The WebMoney Transfer payment system allows you to:
- carry out financial transactions and pay for goods (services) on the Internet;
- pay for the services of mobile operators, Internet and television providers, pay for a subscription to the media;
- exchange WebMoney title units for other electronic currencies at a favorable rate;
- make payments by e-mail, use a mobile phone as a wallet;
- owners of online stores accept payment for goods on their website.

Payment system Yandex Money

Yandex Money is the second most popular universal payment system on the Russian-speaking Internet. In mid-2002, Paycash entered into an agreement with Yandex, the largest Runet search engine, to launch the Yandex Money project. Currently, the system is not just a combination of reliable PayCash technology and Yandex's multi-million audience, but also a partnership with hundreds of participants. Among the partners are banks, Internet providers, online stores, post office, utilities, and other payment systems.

The main features of the Yandex Money payment system:
- pay for services (Internet access, cellular communication, hosting, apartment, etc.);
- accept payments on your site in more than 20 ways;
- electronic transfers between user accounts;
- buy, sell and exchange electronic currencies;
- transfer funds to a credit or debit card.

The transaction fee is 0.5% for each payment transaction. When withdrawing funds to a bank account or otherwise, the Yandex Money system withholds 3% of the amount of withdrawn funds, in addition, an additional percentage is charged directly by the transfer agent (bank, post office, etc.).

PayPal payment system

PayPal is the most popular electronic money system in the world. More than 110 million users around the world trust PayPal and use its services in thousands of online stores.

Of paramount importance in choosing PayPal is its globality. With the help of this payment system, you can make exciting shopping in online stores in the USA or China, while being a resident of Russia, Belarus or another CIS country. Due to the speed of action, funds will be transferred in a matter of seconds.

Registration in the system is absolutely free, and the time it takes to become a PayPal user is minimal. Account, opened in the PayPal system, provides a convenient transfer of funds from various financial sources for the most various categories recipients (for example, an online store) without disclosing your financial information.

The PayPal electronic payment system makes it possible to link a bank card or bank account to your account and replenish it at any time, transfer money to other accounts, pay for purchases, exchange currency. At the same time, currency exchange is performed automatically: if the sender's account is opened in a different currency than the payee's account, the system will convert this payment into the required currency. This payment system works with Visa cards, MasterCard and American Express, and more recently Maestro.

Online wallet

For transactions with electronic money, as a rule, an electronic Wallet is used, which can be considered as an analogue of a regular wallet, or as an analogue of a bank account. From the point of view of the owner of funds, an electronic wallet usually represents a unique identifier, as well as one or more interfaces for interacting with the system, allowing you to control funds and make payments. Sometimes, to work with electronic money, you need to install special software on the user's computer.

To become a member of an electronic payment system, you need to register in it (this must be done only through the official website!) And open one or more electronic wallets, depending on the need.

Electronic money is securely protected by unique details that are used for each transaction. It is impossible to fake the details, which guarantees the safety of the virtual wallet. The lion's share of the theft of electronic money is due to the carelessness of users. The password from the electronic wallet should be complex. And it must be stored either in encrypted form on a computer (there are special programs for data encryption), or on some non-digital medium - for example, in a notebook that is always at home. You can not tell anyone the wallet password. It is also important to follow the rules of computer security: first of all, install a good antivirus. You need to use the services of only trusted online stores. If the store is mentioned on the site of the selected payment system, then you can be sure of it. If on email a letter comes stating that the account is blocked, you should never follow the link provided.

INPUT AND WITHDRAWAL OF ELECTRONIC MONEY

You can replenish your e-wallet account in the following ways:
- in cash through a terminal or ATM that has a section of this payment system in the menu;
- transfer from a bank card;
- from a mobile phone account;
- in the office of the partner company.

When replenishing an account, a commission is usually charged. Its size depends on the chosen method of replenishment. To choose the option with the minimum commission, go to the website of the payment system. As a rule, the site has a section that lists all possible ways payment indicating the amount of the commission.

Withdrawals can also be made in various ways:
- receiving cash at the cash desk of the system operator or at a cash dispensing point;
- postal transfer to the name specified by the owner of the electronic wallet;
- bank transfer to the specified account;
- replenishment of the credit card account;
- conversion into electronic money of other systems.
Usually, a certain commission is taken for the withdrawal of funds. There are also limits on the amount of withdrawn amounts.

To withdraw funds in the Yandex Money payment system, it is enough to indicate the bank card number and confirm the operation with a password. The specified amount will be immediately withdrawn from the wallet account and transferred to the bank card account. This amount is not credited to the bank account instantly, you will need to wait, from one to three business days.

On the website of the electronic payment system, you can order a "branded" bank card, such as a Yandex Money or Webmoney card, and use these cards to pay in stores, withdraw cash from an ATM, and other transactions.

It should be noted that the gold reserve of the state does not support any electronic money system. All responsibility for certain electronic money lies with the specific system in which they are used. Based on this, such systems are best used as payment systems, without accumulating large amounts of money in their electronic wallets.

Advantages

The most important advantage of using electronic transfers is that almost all financial transactions are carried out virtually, bypassing cash transactions. You buy goods in an online store, or vice versa sell, it is most convenient to use this method of paying for purchases on the Internet.

Mobility is another plus. In any place, and at any time convenient for you, you can perform this or that operation from your electronic wallet. To do this, it is enough to have a mobile phone, computer or other device connected to the Internet. Operations can be performed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Another advantage of electronic money is the speed of transfers between wallets, in almost seconds they come from one wallet to another. There is no need to go to the bank or the post office, "languishing" in line to send a transfer, pay public Utilities etc. In addition to saving time, there is another argument in favor of electronic money - low commissions for money transfer operations, and sometimes their absence at all.

Ease of use is also an important argument in favor of electronic money. Any person, even without special knowledge or experience, can become the owner of an electronic wallet, because. its creation does not cause any difficulties, and work with the account is extremely simplified.

Portability is another benefit. Electronic money does not need packaging, transportation, protection and organization of special storage facilities. No cases or safes. The most important thing is to securely store your data for entering the electronic payment system.

Anonymity is another important plus, since not everyone likes it when outsiders have the opportunity to look into his wallet.

disadvantages

Along with the advantages, there are also disadvantages:
1. The main disadvantage is that the issue of electronic money is guaranteed exclusively by the issuer, the state does not give any guarantees of maintaining their solvency.
2. Electronic money exists only within the framework of the system in which it is issued. In addition, electronic money is not a generally accepted means of payment that must be accepted.
3. Transferring funds from one electronic money system to another can be a rather inconvenient and expensive operation, such a transfer is much more expensive than a transfer within the system.
4. Interest is not accrued on the balance of electronic funds, and no other remuneration is paid to the client for their use.
5. The operator is not entitled to provide the client with funds to increase the balance of electronic money. Thus, lending through electronic money is excluded.
6. Working with electronic money requires some knowledge and experience. If you are just starting to work with this type of money, I recommend operating with those amounts that you are not afraid to lose.
7. If outsiders have gained access to the wallet and the money has disappeared, there will be nowhere to turn. It will not be possible to return the stolen money, since the legal basis of this party financial activities on the Internet is not yet fully developed.

You will learn the names of electronic money, which are the most popular in Russia, how and where you can buy such means of payment, and what are the features of their cashing out.

Good afternoon, dear readers! With you is Denis Kuderin, editor-in-chief and part-time expert of the HeatherBober magazine on financial topics.

I work remotely and receive my salary via the Internet, namely through online banking and through electronic payment systems (EPS). I have accounts in at least 5 of these services, and I use them more or less regularly. Electronic money is convenient, fast and reliable, provided that you use it correctly.

I will tell you what are the pros and cons of electronic money, how to properly dispose of them, which wallets are preferable for domestic and which for international payments.

You will learn how profitable it is to cash out digital money, where is the lowest commission, and why it is impossible to put an equal sign between WMR and rubles.

1. What is electronic money and how did it appear

It is useful to know about electronic money for everyone who intends to use or already uses money transactions on the Internet. If you want to pay for the services of a provider, send money to your phone, buy a bike in an online store, get paid for the work done by a designer, author, translator, payment systems will become your reliable assistant.

EPS has only one alternative - Internet banking. But not all service providers, customers and employers support financial settlements through a bank. For some it is expensive, for others it is not profitable, for others it is inconvenient. EDs provide additional freedom of action in this regard.

What is electronic money (ED) from a legal point of view? This is a kind of obligation assumed by the issuing organization. They are the equivalent of real money stored on an online resource. This is part of the virtual financial market.

What is the level of reliability of non-cash systems in comparison with banks? Compare Vulnerability personal internet account in a bank and an account in the EPS, it will be difficult for a non-specialist.

The developers assure that both in the bank and in virtual wallets your funds will be kept equally secure. But a bank is still a bank, that is, a place, by definition, intended for storing money. And EPS is primarily a service for virtual payments and only then storage.

Hence the conclusion: storing large amounts on electronic wallets is not the most reasonable step. Keep funds here for operating expenses and day-to-day payments. The rest is best kept in a bank account.

History reference:

The need for remote electronic payments appeared almost immediately after the widespread use of the Internet. The first full-fledged EPS appeared in 1997. In Russia, it was a platform called CyberPlat, which allows instant payments through secure channels.

The first online payment in the Russian Federation was made in 1998. In the same year, the WebMoney platform, which has been successfully operating to this day, was launched. The date of the first transaction is November 1998. Now WebMoney Transfer has more than 36 million users worldwide.

The legal regulation of the status of ED is regulated by the Federal Law on PS of 2016.

ED is the equivalent of real monetary units. They perform the same function as regular money and are legally taxed. Some services even issue plastic cards that have the same capabilities as traditional banking plastic.

I personally have a plastic card YandexMoney, with which I successfully pay in supermarkets, coffee houses, cinemas and wherever there are acquiring devices.

The only disadvantage of this card is a 3% commission for cash withdrawals. But some banking products also offer interest on withdrawals, so this is a relative minus.

We list the main advantages of ED:

1. Convenience– most payments and transfers are made in one click.
2. Reliability- if necessary, you set up confirmation of transactions by SMS: no one except you will know the code for the operation.
3. Durability- money is stored in the wallet for as long as you need.
4. Liquidity– transfer virtual funds to real ones at any time.
5. Anonymity– if desired, the recipient and sender remain unknown.
6. Security- all EPS use modern algorithms for protecting funds and transactions.
7. Round the clock work- services are automatic and work seven days a week.
8. Versatility– almost all banks, online stores and service sites accept electronic payments.
9. Counterfeit protection- in electronic form, you will not be transferred a counterfeit bill.
10. Portability and comfort using.

Among the disadvantages of virtual coins are the presence of a commission for some operations, the risk of account hacking by intruders, loss of access to the wallet if the authorization data is lost.

The last drawback is not difficult to eliminate if you go through a full identification. For example, in Poison, for this you need to come to the office of the organization (or to the Euroset salon) with a passport and pay 50 rubles. After that, it will be easier to restore access in case of loss of the password and code word.

To use EPS, a person only needs access to the network, an ATM or a card issued by a payment system. But I have to warn you - not all countries accept electronic payments. In the case of traveling abroad, it is more reasonable to use the international EPS Visa and MasterCard.

2. Ways to use electronic currency

The main scope of ED is settlements between users (individuals, companies, public organizations).

Payments are made instantly thanks to modern digital technologies. This distinguishes EPS from transactions with bank accounts, which are often delayed for several hours or even days.

Consider all the ways to use virtual money.

Method 1. Internet payments

This is the main use case - payments on the Internet for goods, services, work performed. Money from an electronic account is sent to other wallets, bank cards, accounts of organizations and individuals.

Payments are available around the clock. Pay when it is convenient for you, purchases, utility services, Internet providers, operators cellular communication, public services, traffic police fines and more. All transactions are tracked and stored in the transaction history.

If required, you will receive a check with the details and the date of payment by mail. Print it out and use it as proof of payment.

Method 2. ATMs

Terminals and ATMs are another popular tool for using digital money.

With the help of hardware replenish accounts, pay for purchases, receive cash.

Method 3. Credit cards

Some systems allow you to pay with credit when paying for purchases in stores, supermarkets, hotels and other places.

In addition, you have the right to pay off expenses from credit bank cards with electronic money.

Method 4. Bank checks

You transfer the ED to a bank account, then withdraw funds from a bank or ATM.

Another option is to send electronic money using international EPS, the recipient receives the transfer at the bank. The method is not the fastest, but sometimes it is the only possible one.

3. What are the types of money on the Internet

I have used all three of the EPS below and can reliably point out the advantages and disadvantages of each service.

I want to warn you in advance that it is beneficial to use these EDs only for internal settlements on the territory of the Russian Federation and neighboring countries. Make transactions with Europe, the USA and other countries through other services.

1) WebMoney

The oldest PS in Runet. It is noteworthy that it is used not only in the Russian Federation and neighboring countries, but also in some Western European states.

WebMoney has several types of currencies:

• WMR - account in rubles;
• WMU - in hryvnias;
• WMZ - in dollars;
• WMB - in Belarusian rubles;
• WMX is in bitcoins.

There are accounts even in litecoins and gold. WebMoney bills are paid through the website or the Keeper client, as well as through banks, exchange offices and other payment services.

The disadvantages are the same as those of other EPS: commissions, difficulties with cash transfers. So, in Kazakhstan, in order to cash out WMR, you need to pay a commission to exchange offices from 10 to 30%.

Among the shortcomings that touched me personally is a complex and long process of identification. To get a personal passport, you need to follow many steps and procedures. Not everyone has the desire and time for such manipulations.

Another point is the difficulty in transferring Keeper (the client for working in the system) to another computer and recovering the password if it is lost.

Many also remember the situation with vague sanctions by companies a few years ago - withdrawing money from any WM accounts long time was unavailable. I had to apply complex withdrawal schemes from the account, with a loss of 5 to 10% of funds.

2) Yandex.Money

In the Russian Federation, this is perhaps the most popular platform for online transactions.

There are three types of wallets available to users:

• anonymous;
• nominal;
• identified.

They differ in the amounts that are allowed to be kept on the account, limits on payments and cash withdrawals.

When cashing out funds or transferring to a bank card, you will be charged a 3% commission.

3) Qiwi

Convenient and modern payment system with many terminals throughout Russia and wide range of opportunities. The Qiwi account is tied to a phone number: to enter, you only need your number and password.

The service is convenient for those who are not particularly friendly with the Internet, but use the phone and terminals.

In addition to the above, I want to draw your attention to the PayPal system - if you pay for purchases in foreign online stores or auction sites (for example, on AliExpress or EBay), then this service is ideal.

Services comparison table:

4. How and where you can buy electronic money

Electronic money is easiest to buy where they are most often used, namely on the Internet. To purchase virtual money, you need to register on the website of the system you have chosen and create a virtual wallet.

There are several replenishment options:

1. From a bank card.
2. Cash - through banks, salons of partner companies (for YandexMoney and Qiwi, these are: Euroset, Svyaznoy, Megafon).
3. From a mobile phone account.
4. Through ATMs.
5. From wallets of other payment systems.
6. Through translation services - Unistream, Contact.
7. Through Russian Post and Rostelecom.

Specify the ways of buying ED on the websites of payment companies and from consultants by phone.

Personally, I rarely use such an option as "Replenishment" for the reason that it is more relevant for me inverse function- "Output". But my friends assure that the most popular replenishment option is payment terminals. Transferring from a card is faster, but the system takes a commission for this in the region of 0.8-1%.

5. Features of cashing out

The main feature in this case is obvious: 100 virtual rubles is not 100 real ones. That is, WMR is not the equivalent of RUR. This is a couple of percent less. Miscellaneous systems they charge different commissions, and much depends on the method of cashing out.

Not all types of wallets and certificates provide cash withdrawal. For example, in WebMoney, cashing out is available only for users who have been identified. And the process itself is not available in all cities of the Russian Federation, but only in those where there is a WebMoney office.

It is much easier to withdraw money to a bank card, and then cash it out at an ATM. Or get an EPS card and also cash it out through an ATM. It's quick and easy, but you'll lose a certain amount - that's what payment companies make money on.

I rarely withdraw cash from the YandexMoney card, but for the experiment I did it at the nearest Sberbank ATM. I lost 3% from 1000 rubles, but now I can say with confidence that the withdrawal is working.

It is much more expedient to use this card to pay for goods directly, by bank transfer. In this case, no interest is charged - neither in supermarkets nor in online stores.

As for the lowest commission for cashing out, the opinions of users are divided. Some believe that WebMoney is more profitable, others that, taking into account all the allowances, this system removes more than poison.

I have practiced both output schemes. At the time of writing, the Yandex service is more convenient and a little cheaper in this regard.

Watch the video on the comparison of virtual wallets:

6. Conclusion

Electronic money is convenient, fast and safe. The user is required to choose the right service in accordance with their needs and follow the rules established in the system.