Do-it-yourself water well in a private household: detailed installation instructions. How to drill a well with your own hands: ways of budget independent drilling

Of course you can drill your own well. Just for starters, you need to have an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bhow this is done and what kind of water you want to get in the end.

Some people think whether it is possible to make it in a well. Theoretically it is possible, but not necessary. It will just bear additional expenses. It is better to install it near the well.

Let's go through the process of doing this work step by step. You will be offered instructions, you can also see everything from photos and videos and understand how it is done. After all, there is a rather high price of the issue, this quality water in the House.

Types of wells

Drilling a well in the country is not so difficult. Its price will depend on the depth of the water. A sand well will be much cheaper from and this should also be taken into account.

Well on the sand	Done to a great depth. Therefore, it is quite possible to do all the work with your own hands and this will significantly reduce the cost of your venture. Before starting work, you should find out what quality the water is at a shallow depth. To do this, it is best to take a sample from the neighbors and take it for examination and check the quality. We will give the parameters below.
Artesian well	Suitable for the place where you live permanently. This water is of better quality. But the work will cost more. Here it would be better to hire a specialized organization. And immediately it will be necessary to provide for its cleaning. It is located in lime layers and therefore has a high iron content. Immediately provide for proper filtering.
Abyssinian well	Abyssinian well or tubular, has a depth of about 8-12 meters. Its difference is that the water in it is much cleaner. Here the top water does not get in, just as dirt and dust cannot penetrate;

Attention: If you do not live permanently in the country and you only need water for irrigation, then you can safely make such a design.

Determining the quality of water

Water in a well or well is considered drinking water in the following cases:

• When the water is clear thirty centimeters deep;
• When nitrate impurities do not exceed 10 mg/l;
• When one liter of water contains no more than 10 Escherichia coli;
• When the taste and smell on a five-point scale, water is estimated at least three points.

To determine these indicators, water must be subjected to laboratory analysis in the sanitary and epidemiological service.

How to drill a well

Let's analyze this process from a theoretical point of view:

• Work begins with digging a hole, whose depth and diameter must be at least two meters, or a side of one and a half meters. This measure prevents further shedding of the soil of the upper layer.
• The pit is strengthened with plank shields. Further, with the help of a column and a drilling rig, a well is drilled. The drill column is suspended on a tower at the central point of the future well.
• The drill string consists of several rods, which, with the help of adapter sleeves, are lengthened during the drilling process. The drill head is mounted at the end of the column.
• The tower is mounted from logs, steel pipes, a channel or a corner, which are made into a tripod, at the top of which a winch is attached.

Attention: If the water is shallow, drilling can be done without a tower. In this case, special shortened rods one and a half meters long are used. If you cannot do without a tower during drilling, the length of the rods in this case should be at least three meters.

What to drill

The equipment and method of drilling is selected based on the type of soil. The tool used must be made of carbon steel.

Drilling is carried out using the following drill heads:

• For drilling in clay soils, a drill is used in the form of a spiral with a base of 45-85 mm and a blade 258-290 mm long.
• In percussion drilling, a drill bit is used. The drill can have a flat, cruciform and other shapes.
• Drilling in loam, sandy clay or clayey sand is carried out using a spoon drill made in the form of a spoon and having a spiral or longitudinal slot. This drill has a diameter of 70-200 mm and a length of 700 mm and deepens for a passage of 30-40 cm.
• Extraction of loose soil is carried out with the help of a drill-bailer using the impact method. The bailers are made from a three-meter pipe and have a piston and ordinary appearance. Inside the bailer should have a diameter of 25-96 mm, outside 95-219 mm, its weight should be 89-225 kg.

Drilling is a cyclic process, periodically accompanied by cleaning of the drilling tool from the soil. Cleaning is carried out with the complete extraction of the drill from the soil. Accordingly, the difficulty of extracting them from the well depends on the length of the hose.

well drilling

A well in the area can be drilled using one of the drilling methods:

• Shnekov.
• Rotary.
• Shock-rope.

Drilling technologies differ among themselves in the ways of destruction of rocks inside the well and the option of extracting soil from the wellbore. The use of different equipment affects the quality and cost of building devices.

What is auger drilling

The cheapest and simple method well device is considered. The technology of the work is that the classic Archimedean screw, called an auger, excavates the soil.

The process is reminiscent of ice fishing enthusiasts drilling a hole for fishing under the ice. This method is used to drill a well with a depth of not more than 10 meters. No drilling fluid or water is used to flush the structure.

The instruction indicates that this method can be used without problems in dry and soft soils. Rocky, hard rocks encountered in the drilling process and quicksand are not amenable to auger drilling.

Tip: When punching, the length of the hole in the ground must be clearly maintained so that it reaches the required aquifer and protects the aquifer from sewage and perched water.

How to make a drill from an auger from a combine harvester

For drilling a well under water, augers from old combines can be used as a drilling tool. After a little modernization, the auger from an agricultural machine turns into a fairly suitable drill.

You will also need pipe-rods with threading to increase the height of the drilling string.

Then you need:

• Convert the lower tubular end into a kind of screw. To do this, at a distance of approximately 80 cm from the helical end, two knives are welded with an angle to the horizontal direction equal to 25º.
• A threaded coupling is installed at the upper end of the drill. Weld it in order to be able to screw the rods.
• A transverse handle is welded onto one of them. With the help of which the auger will be screwed into the ground. All subsequent rods are built up between this rod and the auger.

Tip: By increasing the length of the cross handle, which is welded to the guide rod, it is easier to turn it.

What is rotary drilling

For drilling a deep well in a rotary way, a special drill pipe is used. In its cavity, a rotating shaft is immersed into the well, the end of which is equipped with a tip - a chisel.

A load is created on the bit by the action of a hydraulic installation. With this method, you can dive into water of any depth. Most of these structures are performed by rotary drilling.

Washing out of rock or soil from the well is carried out with a special drilling fluid that is fed into the pipe in one of two ways:

• By pumping the pump into the drill pipe, and then the solution with the rock exiting by gravity to the outside through the annulus - direct flushing.
• Getting into the annulus by gravity, and then pumping out the solution with the rock from the drill pipe - backwashing.

The washing out of the rock in the second case allows you to get a higher flow rate of the well. In this case, it is possible to better open the desired aquifer.

The disadvantage of this technology is the involvement of sophisticated equipment, which greatly increases the cost of work. With direct flushing, the construction of a well is cheaper, so the owners of private houses most often order it to build a structure on their site.

Tip: An artesian well is performed using drilling machines owned by specialized companies.

What is percussion drilling method

The oldest, labor-intensive and very slow method of drilling is shock-rope (see). But, with its help, you can get a high-quality well, ready to last up to half a century.

The technology is as follows:

• Rock or soil is broken under the action of a heavy projectile, which rises to a certain height, and then falls down with force.
• With the help of a bailer, the destroyed rock is removed from the wellbore.

The advantage of the drilling method is that there is no need to use water or a special drilling fluid during operation, which allows you to more accurately open the aquifer, and this ensures maximum value well production rate and increase the duration of its service life.

The disadvantages of the method include:

• Great labor intensity.
• High cost of drilling.
• To access the second and subsequent aquifers, isolation of the higher aquifers is needed. For this, additional casing strings are used, which increases the cost of purchasing pipes of a different larger diameter.
• The amount of work that must be performed by specialists is also increasing.

Well buildup

The buildup is the process of cleaning the well from dirt. It requires the use of a powerful centrifugal pump. It is also possible to use, but this type of pump will extend the process time.

So:

• For the speedy cleaning of the well with a vibration pump, it must be raised several times so that the water loosens up and the solid sediment does not have the opportunity to sink to the bottom.
• The well sway will affect the shrinkage of the gravel screening between the well and the pipe, for this reason the gravel should be added periodically. Usually the buildup takes a lot of time and since this process releases a large number of water, it should be arranged in advance to drain it into a ditch.

After the pumping process is completed, the well can be equipped with a pump that is suitable for its everyday operation. Now you know if you can do this work yourself. The video in this article will help you not to miss the details of this work.

Making a bore hole

Of course, you need to refine your design. You can do this according to your idea.

There are several options for doing this job:

• Build small house from a tree or other building above the well, varnish it or paint it;
• Around the well, you can lay out an unusual pattern of bricks, stones, pebbles, concrete, create an ornament or build something;
• You can close the well with the help of planted plants, for example, plant a willow and build a flower garden near it.

What are the features of well operation

There are several rules for using wells, following which the price of its operation is reduced:

• Regardless of the type of construction, cleaning should be carried out regularly.
• Signs of contamination of the system are: the presence of air pockets when opening the water; the presence of other impurities in the water.
• If cleaning is not carried out in time, such contamination can cause breakdowns that cannot be repaired, which means that a complete replacement will be needed.
• To restore the functionality of the system, it is enough to perform a purge.
• A radical cleaning method is the use of acid or electricity. But this should be carried out only by highly qualified specialists.

A well for water production is a rather complex structure. Many today are interested in drilling wells for water: process technology, tools and equipment for performing work. The quality of water from a well or well depends on their design. The service life depends on the quality of the work performed.

How to drill a water well

Before drilling a well for water, it is necessary to choose a place for it. This should be a piece of land with an approximate size of 4x12 m. If the house has not yet been built, then it is better to choose a place in the future basement. If the house has already been built, then it is better to drill closer to the foundation. To the place of work, it is necessary to ensure the passage of the drilling rig and the water carrier. At a distance of approximately 2 m from the location of the drill, there should be no electrical wires. Such measures are required general rules drilling wells under water.

There are several drilling methods. But for any of them, the following operations must be performed:

• rock grinding;
• excavation of crushed earth outside;
• strengthening of the walls of the well.

How is rock crushing done? This is done with the help of special rock cutting devices. It can be explosive energy, electrical or thermal. But all these types are used quite rarely. Much more often they use others: augers, glasses, hand drills.

The soil is taken out in the following ways:

• hydraulic;
• mechanical;
• pneumatic;
• combined.

The hydraulic method is carried out with water, a solution of clay or other technical fluid. Mechanical - with the use of special drills, screws, bailers. At pneumatic method crushed rock is removed by a strong jet of compressed air. At combined method use several of these methods.

The technology recommends fastening the walls of the well to water with metal casing pipes. Most often, these are seamless pipes on a threaded or welded joint. Occasionally, other options are also used. But it is not recommended to use stainless steel (very expensive!) and galvanized metal.

When drilling a well for water, flushing is often used. This is a method in which water is supplied to the well using pumps. She then, together with the crushed rock, rises and settles in a special sump. According to the settled rock, drillers determine the section of the site. The water then makes a new circle. The rising clay solution strengthens the walls and prevents them from collapsing.

The process of drilling a well involves its sequential casing with pipes. The drilling of wells for water is completed by pumping them, which is carried out until a completely transparent liquid flows.

Water drilling methods

The technology of drilling a well under water allows you to work in several ways:

• auger;
• rotary;
• shock-rope;
• manual.

Let's consider each of them in more detail.

Auger drilling is the most common and affordable way. The auger in the form of a screw enters the soil and loosens it. Only dry and soft ground can be drilled. Augers are completely unsuitable for quicksand. This tool destroys the rock and lifts it into the wellhead. Screws are available in diameters from 60 to 800 mm. They can be drilled to a depth of 60 m, sometimes up to 100 m. Auger drilling is impossible on rocky soils.

The rotary method is the continuous action of a tool called a rotor. It is constantly spinning. The rock is washed out with a clay solution. This method is relatively cheap and fast enough. But in cold weather, it requires insulation of the system through which water circulates. Drilling is carried out using machines:

• URB-2A2;
• MBU-2M;
• URB-2.5;
• URB-3AM.

URB-2A2 is capable of drilling soil up to a depth of 55 m, URB-2.5 - up to 300 m, and URB-3AM - up to 500 m.

The shock-rope method is the most labor-intensive. But it should not be forgotten, as it is of the highest quality. The rock is destroyed after hitting a heavy object. This is a specially shaped pointed glass made of steel pipe. It falls from a height, hits the ground, picks up the destroyed soil and rises. At the top, the glass is cleaned and thrown down again.

The drilling rig itself can be made by hand from pipes or from logs in the form of a triangular cone. This cone is equipped with a cable winch. The technology of drilling wells for water does not require the use of mud. But the installation of casing pipes must be carried out in a timely manner. Such an installation can drill a diameter of 10-30 cm. But the depth cannot exceed 10 m. For drilling, you can use the UKS-22M2, UGB-50, UGB-1VS installations.

The manual method is used quite often. With it, driven pipes or augers are used. The pipes are cut into pieces about 2-3 m long. An external thread is cut at their ends. A tip is welded onto the lower end of the pipe. It has the form of a cone, the diameter of which is 1 cm larger than the diameter of the pipe. Above the tip of 60-100 cm, the pipes are drilled through 5 cm with a drill with a diameter of 6 mm. It will be a kind of filter. As the pipe deepens, it lengthens with the help of couplings. But it's easier to do it the other way. You need to prepare for work:

• various drills;
• rods;
• casing pipes;
• winch;
• drilling rig.

If the well is not very deep, there is no need for a tower. The work process is quite simple. You need to dig a hole about 50 cm deep, install a drill and start rotating it. It's better to work together. Every 50 cm, the drill is taken out of the ground and cleaned. This method is cheaper than the others, but has limitations in depth.

Conclusion

The technology of drilling wells for water involves the destruction of rock, cleaning the shaft, strengthening the walls and the final equipment of the well with pipes, filters, pumps and taps for intake drinking water. The process of drilling a well can be different. Deep pits are performed using rotary drilling technology. Often use auger drilling: its technology is quite simple and is used in personal areas. With a screw speed of 250 rpm, the whole process is quite fast.

With any well drilling technology, casing is used with special pipes to protect the walls from collapse and penetration. dirty water from the upper aquifers.

Shallow wells can be obtained by the shock-rope method. Works well manual method. Any drilling ends with the closing of the top of the aquifer with a special tip. Pass through it necessary wires, hoses and pipes for delivering water to the house.

In the country house, water is constantly used, therefore it will not be possible to do without it. It happens that organizing a common water supply is quite difficult. Centralized plumbing can be expensive because of the remoteness summer cottages from each other.

The easiest way is to use your own water source. However, the first step is to make it. Own well can help the owner of the site to meet household needs. In this case, the owner will not need to pay for the water supply, considering how many cubic meters of water have been spent. Digging wells is costly in terms of money and time, so many owners of summer cottages are interested in knowing how to drill a well manually. It is quite simple to make this design yourself if you know the manufacturing technology and the principle of the well device.

Before manufacturing, you will need to explore the site to determine the level of occurrence groundwater. The amount of work that needs to be done so that there is water in the well will depend on this parameter. The type of well is selected based on the depth of the soil, which contains water.

If the water is at a depth of 4-10 m, then an "Abyssinian well" can be made. If water is available at a depth of up to 50 m, a sand well should be used. If the water is in the ground at a depth of up to 200 m, then you will need to make an artesian well. The first two types can be done independently by almost every owner suburban area, but for the manufacture of an artesian well, a drilling device and experienced drillers will be needed.

Features of the work

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Device

This type of spring involves pumping water from a depth of 50 m. A sand well has this name because the water from it will come from a layer of sand that lies at a depth of 50 m.

This one cannot provide clean water, therefore, after some time, it will be necessary to check the contents of the well in the sanitation station.

To organize a sand well, you should use a scheme with a pump. Water will be cleaned of suspensions and debris thanks to a filter that is mounted at an appropriate depth. The filter must be cleaned regularly. The service life of a sand well is approximately 15 years.

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"Abyssinian well"

This well is quite easy to make. It has a small depth, so you need to take care of the choice suitable place for her. There should be no septic tanks, various debris and pits near the well.

The well will be of shallow depth, in connection with which harmful substances can get into it, resulting in water pollution.

If there is no gravel or any hard rock in the soil, the well can be drilled in basement at home or near it. A similar source of water in the basement can be used even in cold weather. A well of this type in a private house can be equipped with a manual column and a pump so that it is possible to use water even without electricity.

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Artesian well

If there are already similar wells in the areas that are located in the neighborhood, then there is a high probability that water lies in the limestone layer in this area. If there are no such sites nearby, then drillers need to order an experimental source of water in order to be able to determine the depth of groundwater. Artesian wells are able to provide water to several summer cottages at the same time. In some cases, several site owners drill the same well to save some Money.

The choice of the type of well will depend not only on the type of soil, but also on how much water is planned to be used. A sand well and an Abyssinian well can easily provide a small flow. If you need more than 10 m³ / hour of water, you will have to make an artesian well. Any design is recommended to be drilled away from various pollutants and closer to a private or country house, so that it is possible to lay water supply without problems.

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Equipment

Specialists for the manufacture of artesian wells use drilling rigs. To make shallow wells, you can use an ordinary tripod with a winch. She will be able to lower and raise tools for making a well, which consist of special pipes, rods, columns and a drill.

Of the special equipment, you will need a drilling tool, with which it is possible to go deep into the ground, as well as a tripod and a winch. In order to drill a well yourself, you need to use a metal auger. In this case, an ice drill may be suitable, which is used when winter fishing. The drill must be made exclusively from high strength steel. Using these tools, you can make a well with minimal cost Money. In addition to the tripod, you will need:

1. Pipes of various diameters.
2. Valves.
3. filter elements.
4. Caisson.
5. Special pump.

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Sequencing

First of all, you will need to dig a hole measuring 150x150 cm. So that the recess does not begin to crumble, its walls will need to be lined with plywood sheets, boards or pieces of chipboard. To fix the structure, you can also dig a hole with a diameter of 20 cm and a depth of 1 m with an ordinary drill. This must be done so that the pipe is securely fixed in a vertical position.

Above the recess, you need to install a solid tripod made of metal or wood, securing a winch at the location of its supports. In most cases, wooden tripods are installed. On the tower you need to hang a drilling column with 1.5 m rods. The rods are threaded into a pipe, after which they are fixed with a clamp. This device can be used to lower and raise tools.

The pump should be selected in advance so that it is possible to determine the diameter of the well being produced and the column pipe. The pump should fit easily into the pipe.

The drilling of such a source of water consists in lowering and raising the equipment.

The bar rotates and is immediately hit from above with a chisel. This work it is most convenient for two people to perform: one person will turn the gas wrench, and the second will hit the bar from above to break through the rock. Using a winch can simplify the process because it makes it much easier to get the equipment up and down the hole. The rod during drilling must be marked. Marks will be needed in order to be able to freely navigate. With the help of markings, you can determine when it will be necessary to extend the rod and clean the drill. Most often, this should be done every 0.5 m.

With the help of a chisel, it is necessary to loosen the hard layers of soil.

To be able to easily overcome the existing soil layers, you need to use the following drills:

1. Coil. It is recommended to use for clay layer.
2. Bit. It is used to loosen hard soils.
3. Sand spoons.
4. Bailer. This device will help raise the soil to the surface.

A layer of sand is best passed with a spoon, adding right amount water. If the ground is hard, a chisel should be used. This tool can be cross or flat. Sands-quicksands can be overcome by the shock method.

In case of clay soil you will need to use a coil and bailer. The serpentine is able to easily pass through soils with clay, because its design is similar to a spiral. Pebble beds containing gravel can be broken with a bailer and a chisel. In some cases, you will need to pour water into the hole. Thus, it will be possible to simplify the process of drilling a well.

If the rock that is brought to the surface is wet, then this means that the aquifer is nearby. In this case, it will be necessary to go a little deeper to overcome the aquifer. Drilling will be much easier, but you can not stop. With the help of a drill, it will be necessary to find a waterproof layer.

In practice, I personally have not tried this way, but brought an article by my friend who does this for money.

I think it will be interesting for you, and I personally will try this method in the summer. Might be useful in the future. The principle is rather simple. I made an animated picture showing how this should happen. Now we look: first you need to buy 2 pumps, two barrels, hoses and pipes. Several 6-meter bars and of course pipe couplings. With a shovel, we dig a hole about 1 meter x 1 meter and a depth of 60 cm. The pipes should be about 2 meters long (it can be longer). Threads must be cut from both ends of the pipes. In the future, when the pipe enters the ground, a second pipe is screwed to it with the help of a sleeve, and so on until you go deep to the desired depth.

The first pipe has teeth on one side that can be made into a grinder, and the second side of the pipe has a thread. First, you wind the adapter on it with the end part under your hose. I was recommended to make pipes with a length of 4-6 meters. So there is less gimoroy with twisting of the adapter, and the weight of the structure becomes larger, which allows the pipe to crash into the ground more quickly. So in order. First, we make a tripod from a bar and put it over a dug hole. From above, we attach a roller to the tripod, through which we pass the rope. It is better to fix the tripod by connecting the bottom and in the middle of the three legs with each other with the same bar. A little further from the tripod we drive a wooden or metal pin into the ground. It is even better to make a drum like for raising water from a well. We attach one end of the rope to it. We tie the other to the pipe.

We insert a pipe with a connected fitting into the pit. Next, we move on to barrels. Next to the pit, one barrel is placed on the ground, the second on a platform made of improvised materials to the height of the upper level of the first barrel. At the bottom of the upper barrel, we drill a hole and insert a pipe with a crane there. We fill the upper barrel with dry grass, which serves as a kind of filter, we put a mesh obliquely on top. The mesh will clean large fractions of the soil that has fallen with water, then this soil will simply fall down. The grass filters the small parts of the soil and flows from the upper barrel to the lower one.

There is a pump in the lower barrel that takes water, pressurizes it into your pipe. The water comes out from the bottom of the pipe and washes out the soil. This cloudy suspension gets into your hole. The second soil pump pumps muddy water into the upper barrel. At the same time, a small part of the soil gets into the barrel with water. The main part of it begins to grow out of the hole before our eyes. After a while, you remove it with a shovel.

Thus, the pipe itself goes deep, the soil is thrown up like a geyser. You only need to tilt the soil and watch the level of the washed soil.

THE FOLLOWING METHOD IS PERSONALLY TESTED BY ME.

I don’t use a casing pipe, a drill, a headstock, a bailer, and other things for this ... A pipe for such a well is needed, in my opinion, 5-10 cm, and no more: it completely ensures an uninterrupted supply of water using a household high-performance pump. The method is as simple as two and two. At the same time, you do not pay drillers, and at the beginning of 2007 this costs about 30-45 thousand rubles. Digging a well also costs a lot. Without the cost of the rings, you will pay about a thousand American tugriks. And if you are not a rich person and the saved piece of bucks is a significant amount for you family budget, then this topic is definitely yours.

First you need to stock up on pipes. I recommend pipes with a diameter of about 5 cm. The length of the pipes should be about 1.5 - 2 meters. Just in case, take pieces 8. Cut the threads at the ends of the pipes and buy bushings so that you can connect the pipes with bushings. Buy also a steel bar. Its length should be 2-2.5 meters. The rod also has threaded ends and connecting sleeves of its own diameter. It will also be necessary to make a steel cone, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the pipe. We weld a piece of pipe with cut longitudinal slots to it. These slots must be subsequently wrapped with mesh. They are the filter. It is possible to weld strips of hard steel to the cone (for example, pieces of a sharpened flat file), but only so that upon impact, these strips create a small rotation in the direction of the twisting of the pipes. Next, we do the following:

The pipe is clogged (and thus a well is formed) with the help of your composite rod, consisting of two pieces of steel bar dia. 20-30 mm. and 2.5 m long, with threaded ends. This rod is lowered inside the pipe (filter) and abuts against a cone welded to the filter. Together with a partner, having installed the filter vertically along the plumb line, we take the barbell with our hands, lift it up and lower it sharply - in short, we beat. In this case, the impact of the rod falls on the cone. When the filter is deep, a tow impregnated with paint is wound around its threaded part, then a sleeve is screwed on, and the next piece of pipe 2 ... 2.5 m long is screwed into it. If the rod is short, build it up and beat again. Having scored to a depth of 3-6 meters, we check if there is water in the well. We take a bucket of water and pour it into the pipe (we do not pull out the bar). If the water is in the pipe; does not go away, so we have not reached the aquifer. We beat another meter, again we check by pouring water. Aquifers go in layers, therefore, in my opinion, it is more rational to drill a well into the second aquifer, or at least to the bottom of the first layer. And the layer is up to 10 meters thick.

It is not always justified to test the aquifer by pouring water into a pipe. In some cases, water goes into a layer of sand. After all, I can not check to which layer I have reached. If the water is slowly leaving, then we are theoretically at the beginning of the aquifer; we break through another 0.5-1 m, pour water. Now the water should quickly go into the pipe - we have reached the aquifer. We begin to pull out the bar, but it does not go, it is jammed. Do not be upset, take a hammer and hit the bar, but not from above, but from the side from the top. With these blows, you create vibration, and the soil that has entered the pipe through the filter mesh “liquefies”, the rod is released. Having pulled out the rod, we screw the fitting with the pump onto the well. Can be manual or electric. After pumping out two or three buckets of muddy water, clean water usually comes out.

It is advisable to pump out a couple of two hundred liter barrels. You will be convinced of the quantity of water and its quality. Then we pour clean water into the pan and boil, and then we taste it - what quality it is. If it is bad, then after boiling it becomes reddish or cloudy, and a precipitate will fall to the bottom. Then you have to deepen the well another meter. Do not confuse with sediment from limewater if it goes through the limestone rock.

It also happens: after a few years, the water in the well disappears (the electric pump does not "take" it, but the manual one pumps it very tightly). This is a sign of a clogged filter. Many wash wells with various solutions. I argue that this gives little effect in practice, such flushing only poisons the aquifer. It is easier and more reliable to pull the filter out of the ground, but this is not always possible. This happens quite rarely with a competent approach to business, and in this case you have to use a truck crane, a jack. In this case, you need to lower the rod into the well and hit the cone a dozen times, then apply the listed mechanisms. After 10-20 cm, the rise stops again; you need to strike again, and after 2 hours you will pull out the filter. As a rule, it turns out to be covered with a black oily coating. Draw water, pour the filter on top and rub it over the mesh with a metal brush. For better cleaning pour "silit", which will master everything from rust. Gradually, the plaque is washed off.

Check the pipes too: sometimes rust breaks small fistulas in them. Because of this, the integrity is violated and the well may not work (due to air leakage or soil getting into the fistulas). It is better, of course, to replace the pipes with new ones. And again you can hammer them in the same place where the well was before.

This method has been tested in practice. Hundreds of wells have been drilled using this method. All work to this day. Some were hammered to a depth of more than 20 meters, into artesian layers of water.

You can drill a well for water in your area, despite the seeming grandiosity of this process, you can on their own, i.e. manually. This will require a metal auger, the so-called coil, for the role of which a fishing ice ax is quite suitable. This method of drilling a well for water is the cheapest possible.

Required Tools and materials for drilling a well for water:

The main tool that will be used is an auger with extension knees, in the absence of a special one, you can safely use a fishing drill. For better process efficiency, it is recommended to weld reinforced cutters on the winding edges of the drill. For this purpose, you can use a pair of files, which can be sharpened with an ordinary grinder. And of course pipes for knees, the diameter of which is 25 mm.

You will also need a shovel, a trolley for the removal of the selected soil, a pump and a hose to “build up” the well, a barrel or a high table on which you will need to stand up and screen out the gravel.

Preparation of the pipe for lowering into the well

Before lowering the pipes into the well, they must be properly prepared. This important point, because the drilled section is very quickly tightened and the pipes must be lowered immediately after the drill is removed. Pipes can be purchased at specialized construction stores; thick-walled polyethylene pipes are best suited.

Pipe preparation consists in drilling perforating holes, approximately at a distance of 0.5-1.0 meters from the bottom end and for 1.5-2 meters. It is enough to make holes with a 6 mm drill, if you make them wider, then you will need a filter mesh.

Then guide bars are prepared, which are attached to the surface of the pipe. The bars are necessary to center the pipe in the well and ensure the same gap in order to evenly distribute the gravel filter screenings.

The technology of drilling a well manually using an auger

The place where the well will be equipped must first be leveled. To begin with, a guide recess for the drill is dug to a depth of 2 shovel bayonets. Having assembled the tool, you can proceed directly to the drilling process itself.

On the initial stage turning the drill is quite within the power of one person, but as it deepens, additional help will be needed. The deeper the drill goes, the harder it will be to rotate, so you can use water to soften the soil. Making two or three full turns, the drill is pulled out and freed from the soil, dropping it into the cart. Sludge is poured away from the place of work so that it does not create additional interference.

Thus, they drill until the tool handle drops to the ground. After that, the drill is increased with an additional knee.

After the handle has been lengthened, naturally the size of the tool no longer allows you to work with it while standing on the ground. Just for this case, you need metal barrel or another pedestal, standing on which it will be possible to rotate the drill by the handle. Or gas pipe wrenches are used for the handle.

Increasing the knees, drilling continues until it enters the aquifer. This moment will be very clearly visible in the state of the soil being removed. In this phase, it is possible to tighten the tool, so you should choose the cuttings in small portions, otherwise it will not be possible to pull out the drill manually. If, nevertheless, the drill is “sucked in”, so that you can’t pull it out with your hands, you will have to resort to the Archimedean lever, using two logs and a barrel for this, or buy a lever chain winch.

To prevent high water from entering the well, its depth must be greater than the first clay layer. Before lowering the pipe, it is necessary to raise and lower the drilling tool several times, like a piston. This will eliminate possible obstacles in the path of the pipe and greatly facilitate its descent. After the pipe is completely lowered, the gap should be filled with gravel screenings - this is usually a sand and gravel mixture sifted from sand. Without sand, as sand can penetrate into the well.

How to pump a well

In order to quickly pump the well, it is better to use a powerful centrifugal pump. Such a pump is able to cope with a very dense medium. Although you can get by with an ordinary household pump. In order for the vibration pump to work more efficiently, it is necessary to periodically raise it and shake the water with the collected knees in order to lift heavy particles from the bottom, and then continue pumping water with a pump with a lower water intake, otherwise the pump with an upper water intake will contribute to siltation of the well.

When rocking the well, the gravel filter screening will shrink, so it should be added periodically.

The process of rocking the well is quite time consuming, so you should take care of the drainage channels or try to reach the drainage ditch with a hose.

After the well is fully pumped, it should be equipped with a pump for daily operation.

Advantages and disadvantages of manual water well drilling

The advantage of manual drilling of wells, in addition to the low cost already mentioned above, is the fact that there is no need to drive to the site of bulky special equipment, therefore, your green spaces or landscape design won't get hurt.

Having a relatively shallow depth, such wells are pumped much faster and are less prone to dragging.

In the event of a power outage, water can be obtained using a manual suction pump.

The main disadvantage of manual drilling is the limited depth. The disadvantages include criticality to soil density and a lack of specialists ready to take on repairs if necessary, although it is less likely to occur than in deep machine wells.

Video how to drill a well manually with your own hands:

There is no central water supply in your area and will not be. Or is it just planned. The construction of a well is very labor-intensive, it is necessary to turn over a lot of soil, buy, deliver and dig heavy concrete rings. Having your own well is a great solution, but the services of geologists are very expensive. Especially for those who cannot afford big expenses and know how to work with their hands, we will tell you how to drill a well with your own hands.

Let's make a reservation right away that drilling water wells with your hands is literally impossible, a person is not a mole, and his hands are not shovels. You will need certain devices and mechanisms. The savings is that drilling can be done on its own, and rent necessary equipment will cost much less than the services of a drilling rig on a platform truck. However, it should be understood that in 99.9% of cases the answer to the question of how to drill a well with your own hands to artesian water will sound like this: no way. The fact is that the reserves of high-quality groundwater, with rare exceptions, are located at a depth much greater than can be done without the use of complex and expensive mechanisms. In addition, artesian waters lie in layers of fairly solid rocks, which are "too tough" only for powerful installations. What types of groundwater are potentially available for independent device water intake?

Verkhovodka

Verkhvodka (soil water) is located close to the surface above fragmentary water-resistant lenses, more often clays. You can not find it everywhere, perched water is often seasonal and may disappear altogether during the dry season. Has, as a rule, poor quality, undrinkable. Often it can be used only for economic purposes, mainly - watering the garden. In the case of perched water, due to its shallow depth, the question of how to drill a well under water with your own hands is solved by simple and cheap methods.

ground water

Groundwater lies in a sandy layer above the upper vast water-resistant layer, the depth can vary from 5 to 50 m. In wooded areas, groundwater can be found quite close to the surface, while in the steppe they are often located deep or absent altogether. Quality ground water varies greatly, they rarely meet drinking water standards, a filtration system is required. Wells that are drilled for groundwater are called sandy, because of their moderate cost, they are most common among owners of private estates with their own water intake.

Interstratal waters

Interstratal waters, as the name implies, lie between impervious layers of soil. The layer (or several) located on top serves as an effective filter; therefore, such waters usually have high quality indicators. With luck, under certain conditions (low occurrence, soils without rocky inclusions), interlayer waters can be available for self-drilling. However, more often they are located at a distance of more than 40 m from the surface, it is problematic to drill a well manually to such a depth.

How to drill a well for water

So, how to drill a well yourself? Recall that it is possible to drill a well using manual and low-power mechanisms only for a short distance and provided that the soil does not contain stony inclusions and boulders. Before starting work, it would be nice to know the potential depth of groundwater, for this it is worth talking with neighbors who have already equipped their own water intake. A map of the depths of drilling wells in your area will also tell you about the level of occurrence of interstratal and groundwater. Work can be done using manual mechanisms or small installation. Consider how to properly drill a well for water on your own, in more detail.

How to drill a well under water manually

There are several options for manual drilling, differing in labor intensity, the tools and mechanisms involved, and, of course, the result.

• With a manual garden drill, having a set of nozzles, together in soft soil it is really possible to make a well up to 10 m deep for a perch. A large hole diameter is not needed, it is enough to use nozzles of 70-80 mm, which will allow you to install a casing pipe of 50-60 mm. Since the height is minimal, it is used to raise water manual column or surface pump.

To drill a well with your own hands, you must have a set of tools: a collar, a drill, nozzle rods, open end wrenches. The work is hard and unproductive. A stone the size of a fist or more, caught in the way, will nullify all efforts

It is difficult not only to rotate the gate, but also to raise the drill to install additional rods. This task can be facilitated by hanging the drill on a cable through the pulley to the tripod.

A simple combination of a tripod and a lifting block will help you lift the drill on a cable, which will at least partially facilitate the work

• A manual soil gas drill will achieve similar results, only faster and with less labor. You can rent a motor drill, you should choose a two-handed model with an engine with a power of at least 1 kW, you will also need a set of extension nozzles. It is necessary to work with such a device together, it is difficult to keep it straight alone.

How to drill a well under water using a small-sized drilling rig

Main disadvantage manual drilling - the inability to go to a considerable depth. The reasons for this are the inability to develop a significant effort, and keep the drill evenly, without distortions. The problem is solved by installing a more powerful engine on a solid frame that is not subject to displacement. The engine can be gasoline or electric, the more powerful, the higher the capabilities of the device. Frame - to have a mechanism for lifting the drill and installing nozzles, this will allow you to reach depths much greater than if the work was done manually. There is craftsmen who make such equipment with their own hands, since the design is simple.

The simplest home-made drilling rig: a frame with a support platform, a movable platform with an engine is fixed on it

But there are also quite productive factory small-sized drilling rigs (MBU) that can be rented.

MDR with a powerful electric motor and a stable frame allows drilling to a fairly large depth. Of course, this is already quite complex equipment, but its rental is still much cheaper than attracting a full-fledged installation based on a truck.

The passport states maximum depth drilling, depending on the type of soil and the diameter of the drill. How to drill a well for water using an MBU? The operation of the device is monitored by one operator, assistants are needed only to bring it to the construction site and install it. In soils that do not contain stony inclusions, with the help of a small-sized installation, depending on its model, it is possible to drill a well with a depth of 20 to 50 m. Most likely, this will make it possible to arrange water intake for groundwater sand, and if you're lucky, high-quality interstratal ones.

How to punch a well with your own hands without drilling

There is also a method of percussion drilling, when a heavy pointed chisel is dropped into the well, breaking the rock. It is fixed on a steel cable, which, in turn, is wound on a shaft with a stopper or fixed on a block. This whole structure must be fixed on a fairly high tower, its overall dimensions are larger than those of the MBU. The reciprocating movement of the bit can be provided by the engine or the cable is wound and released manually. Of the advantages of the shock-rope method, one can name the possibility of well construction large diameter and the ability to work in fairly hard rocks. However, the small depth of drilling and the very low rate of work make this method of little demand.

How to pierce a well with your own hands using the shock-rope method? You will need a tripod with a block or shaft, a cable, a chisel and lifting mechanism. The installation height is greater, the deeper it is planned to "hollow" the water intake

1. Equipment manufacturers and craftsmen who contract to perform work often use the hydrodrilling method. The video below shows how a well is drilled for water, pumping liquid into it and removing it along with soil particles. The water acts as a lubricant, thus almost doubling the drilling depth. However, along with the liquid from the surface, harmful microflora is inevitably introduced into the aquifer, which can lead to contamination of clean groundwater. If the water intake is done to obtain drinking water, it is advisable not to use the hydromethod, but to drill "dry". When this cannot be avoided, immediately after completion of work, it is necessary to install a casing pipe with a filter, lower a vibration pump into the well and continuously pump the water intake for at least a week. If this is not done, the source will have to “treat” for a long time.

1. When installing nozzles on the drill, follow the safety precautions in the most strict way, otherwise you risk being left without fingers.

Video: how to drill a well for water

A rather powerful semi-automatic small-sized installation "Mole", it is shown step by step how a well is drilled for water.

It is clearly shown how to punch a well with your own hands, using a motor drill with nozzles.

You can try to drill and equip a well for water supply on your own if you have certain skills, time and desire. In the absence of such, entrust the task to professional geologists, competent specialists will first determine the approximate depth of occurrence various types water, offer options for the water intake device, perform well drilling, installation of the production string. They will pump the source, determine the characteristics, issue a passport and give a guarantee for the work performed.