What to do if the plant is covered with a grayish-white bloom? Treatment and prevention of plants from powdery mildew. Rosehip diseases and their treatment White spots on rosehip berries

We continue our section "Question - Answer", in which today we will talk about the well-known dog rose.

Reader question:

“I would like to plant a wild rose bush in the garden. It is good for health, and it is expensive in the market. Tell us about it in more detail: is this plant affected by diseases in our conditions, and which ones? How to prune correctly, and why do wild roses have small fruits? Does it depend on the variety? I think such questions are of interest not only to me, since this culture is widespread and useful. K. Kozlovskaya

The question is answered by I. Khonin, assistant of the department of forest reclamation, SSAU named after. N.I. Vavilov.

You are right, the wild rose (or rose) is popular and loved by people, being one of the most ancient cultures. You are also right that the fruits of this shrub are not difficult, but expensive, and it is better to grow such fruits yourself.

There are more than 200 species of wild (naturally growing) wild roses, which have given rise to more than 200 thousand decorative wild roses and cultivated varietal roses.

The group of plants is represented by thorny shrubs or small trees (1 - 2 meters high).

Rosehips bloom profusely and for a long time, often many times, they have a very fragrant aroma. Rose petals are used to make rose oil, jam and flower tea.

The fruit of the wild rose is berry-shaped with numerous nuts immersed in the fleshy pulp. The fruits are orange or red, various in size and shape, edible, have medicinal qualities, contain many vitamins. The fruits usually ripen in August - September. At the same time, they first acquire a yellow, then scarlet-red or orange color. The fruit pulp contains 6-8 times more vitamins than, for example, blackcurrant fruits.

Also, wild rose hips have long been valued in ornamental gardening.

Varieties of wild rose

rose wrinkled

This is a sprawling shrub up to two meters tall, with densely covered with thorns shoots. The spines are small, straight and curved, pubescent.

The leaves are folded, up to 20 centimeters long, consist of 5 - 9 leaflets. Leaflets are rounded or elliptical, dense, wrinkled. They are dark green above and much lighter and pubescent below. The flowers are large, up to 12 centimeters in diameter, dark carmine-purple, dark pink, rarely white. Flowers can be simple or double, then the number of petals can exceed 150. It blooms from the first half of summer (June) until late autumn. In summer, on one bush, you can simultaneously observe buds, flowers and ripening fruits.

The fruits are also quite large (up to 2.5 - 3.0 centimeters in diameter), flattened-spherical, bright red, fleshy, ripen at the end of summer.

This plant naturally grows in Primorye, Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands, and is very often used in landscaping.

This species is frost and drought tolerant. It tolerates the conditions of the city, is very lawn-resistant.

The plant is unpretentious and undemanding to environmental conditions.

In green construction, it is used in single and group planting, hedges.

The fruits of this wild rose are very valuable, one or two fresh fruits contain a daily dose of vitamin C, which is necessary for an adult. The fruits are consumed fresh and dried. They are used in case of loss of strength, beriberi, weakened immunity. Decoction and infusion of fruits are taken with colds, peptic ulcers of the stomach and intestines (with caution, under medical supervision), diseases of the liver and kidneys.

The flower petals are used to make rose jam and flower tea.

Rosa vulgaris, canine

This is the most common rosehip shrub in our country, used as an ornamental gardening and green building. Naturally grows in the European part of Russia, in the Crimea, in the Caucasus and in Central Asia. Shrub up to three meters tall, with sprawling, arcuate branches of green or red-brown color. The shoots are covered with sparse, strong, downward-curved spines, arranged singly or in pairs.

The plant blooms in the first half of summer with light pink flowers up to 5 centimeters in diameter.

The fruits are round, bright red, shiny, ripen in autumn.

This species is one of the best for grafting cultivated roses.

The plant can be used for single and group planting, hedges and slope fixing.

Rosehip diseases

Powdery mildew is caused by powdery mildew fungi, while the plant is covered with a white coating. Such fungi cause significant harm. Leaves and affected parts of plants dry up and fall off, as a result, plants lose their decorative effect.

A preventive measure is spraying roses during bud development. Repeated spraying is carried out with the full deployment of the leaves and the growth of shoots up to 25 centimeters.

Affected plants can also be sprayed with an aqueous solution of soda ash. At the same time, 50 g of soda and 30 g of green soap are taken for 10 liters of water.

Root nematodes are microscopic round worms. They live in galls formed on the roots of plants and absorb nutrients. Damaged plants wither, wither, and often die.

All control measures are reduced to the alternation of crops and soil disinfection.

Agrotechnics of cultivation

The above listed types of wild rose are easy to grow and unpretentious plants. Almost all of them are drought-resistant and have little requirements for soil fertility. Photophilous, like moderately moist loamy soils, do not tolerate excessive moisture.

In the spring, you need to remove dried and damaged branches. In addition, some types of wild roses give a large number of root suckers, they also need to be systematically removed.

You can read more detailed information about growing rose hips in.

Roses are used in single or group planting, when creating hedges and for fixing slopes subject to erosion processes. Roses look beautiful on the lawn, close to ornamental ponds. They serve as an excellent backdrop for many beautifully herbaceous flowering plants. In addition, in combination with roses, shrubs and trees look great. conifers, especially with dark needles.

So the wild rose bush will be useful to you not only as a source of fruits useful for your body, it will also please the eye not only with greenery, but also with beautifully blooming flowers.

See you soon, dear friends!

Despite the fact that the melon is a "purebred southerner", summer residents grow it not only in the south. And all because this culture is exceptionally tasty and very healthy. Yes, and varieties "for the market" are not always distinguished by high palatability, not like the fruits from your garden or greenhouse. True, the melon has its own "secrets", but they are not particularly difficult. Therefore, if you have not yet grown a melon on your hundred square meters, you must definitely try it, at least once!

Salad "Red Sea" with squid, crab sticks and red caviar - a light and healthy snack that is suitable for a pescatarian menu, it can also be prepared on fasting days when fish and seafood are allowed on the menu. The salad is simply extremely tasty and it is prepared easily. Buy frozen squids. I do not advise you to cook a dish with giant squid fillet, although it looks appetizing and tempting, it has a sharp ammonia flavor that is difficult to get rid of.

From ordinary fruit trees columnar are distinguished by a compact crown, low height, and the absence of lateral branching. With a slight habitus, these miracle trees are distinguished by their ability to form large crops of large, tasty and beautiful fruits. On 1-2 acres, you can place up to 20-25 columnar trees - varieties of apple trees, pears, plums, peaches, cherries, apricots and other crops of different maturity. Our article will tell about the features of creating a columnar garden.

August can be a little sad - autumn, followed by a long winter, is already on the threshold. But the flower beds are still full of multicolor, and their colors create an atmosphere of warmth and joy. The rich palette of August flower beds mainly consists of yellows, oranges, and crimson tones. And it seems as if the garden has become warmer and the color of the sun has increased. What flowers should definitely be planted in flower beds so that they brighten up the inevitable departure of summer with flowering?

Peach jam with bananas is fragrant, thick, healthy and, most importantly, it has half as much sugar as ordinary jam. This is a quick jam with pectin, and pectin powder is known to reduce the sugar content in jam, or even make it without sugar. Sugar-free jams are fashionable sweets nowadays, they are very popular among supporters healthy lifestyle life. Peaches for harvesting can be of any degree of maturity, bananas too.

Coriander is one of the most popular spices in the world, and its greens are called cilantro or cilantro. Interestingly, cilantro leaves no one indifferent. Some people adore it and are happy to use it in any salads and sandwiches, and they love Borodino bread for the special flavor of coriander seeds. Others, referring to the smell that evokes associations with forest bugs, hate coriander and flatly refuse to approach bunches of cilantro even in the market, let alone plant it in their garden.

Saintpaulias are making a comeback and redefining the cute blooming violets that love to live on any windowsill. Trends in the "market" for uzambara violets indicate a rapid increase in interest in plants with unusual leaves. More and more admiring glances are attracted not by unusual colors of flowers, but by exotic variegated colors of leaves. Variegated saintpaulias are almost no different in cultivation from all the others.

Sweet and sour pickled cherry tomatoes with red onion and basil marinated with balsamic vinegar and mustard. Such pickled vegetables will decorate any festive table, they are very tasty and fragrant. Marinade filling is a completely different story: it turns out delicious brine, the only drawback of which is a small amount. Onions choose sweet, red. Cherry - strong, slightly unripe, the smallest. Fresh basil is suitable for both green and purple.

My first acquaintance with hydrogel took place a very long time ago. Back in the nineties, my husband brought funny multi-colored balls from Japan, which greatly increased in size if they were filled with water. They were supposed to put bouquets or use them in some other decorative purposes. Of course, at first it was funny, but then I played enough and abandoned them, I don’t even remember where they went. But I recently returned to the use of hydrogel. I will share my experience in this article.

Watermelon and summer are inseparable concepts. However, not in every area you will find melons. And all because this African plant takes up a lot of space, is quite demanding on both heat and the sun, and also on competent watering. But still, watermelon is so loved that today not only southerners have learned to grow it, but much more northern summer residents. It turns out that you can find an approach to such a capricious plant, and if you want, you can get a decent harvest.

You can cook red gooseberry jam in 10 minutes. However, it should be borne in mind that this is the time required for cooking jam without preparing berries. It takes a lot of time to harvest and prepare berries for processing. Cruel thorns discourage any desire to harvest, but you still have to cut off your noses and tails. But the result is worth it, the jam turns out to be excellent, one of the most fragrant, in my opinion, and the taste is such that it is impossible to tear yourself away from the jar.

Monsters, anthuriums, caladiums, dieffenbachia ... Representatives of the Aroid family are considered one of the most popular categories indoor plants. And not the last factor of their wide distribution is diversity. Aroid presented aquatic plants, epiphytes, semi-epiphytes, tuberous and lianas. But despite such a diversity, because of which it is sometimes difficult to guess the relationship of plants, aroids are very similar to each other and require the same care.

Salad "Donskoy" for the winter - a savory snack from fresh vegetables in sweet and sour marinade olive oil and balsamic vinegar. IN original recipe regular or apple cider vinegar, but with a combination of wine vinegar and light Balsamico is much tastier. Salad can be prepared without sterilization - bring the vegetables to a boil, put them in sterile jars and wrap them warmly. You can also pasteurize blanks at a temperature of 85 degrees, then cool quickly.

The main collected mushrooms: porcini, boletus, boletus, chanterelles, boletus, mossiness mushrooms, russula, milk mushrooms, volnushki, saffron mushrooms, honey mushrooms. Other mushrooms are collected depending on the region. And their name (other mushrooms) is legion. As well as mushroom pickers, which are becoming more and more every year. Therefore, there may not be enough for all known mushrooms. And I know for sure that among the little-known come across very worthy representatives. About little-known, but tasty and useful mushrooms I will tell you in this article.

The word "ampel" comes from the German word "ampel", meaning a hanging container for flowers. Fashion for hanging flower beds came to us from Europe. And today it is very difficult to imagine a garden where at least one hanging basket was not found. In response to the growing popularity of container floriculture, a large number of ampelous plants, whose shoots easily fall outside the pots. Let's talk about those that are valued for their beautiful flowers.

Rosehip propagates by seeds and rhizomes. Grows well on rich, light-textured soils. Soils suitable for planting fruit and berry crops, are quite suitable for growing wild rose. The plots are allotted with good moisture supply. When planting, the root shoots are harvested in the wild rose bushes. Planted under a shovel to a depth of 10-15 cm. The distance between the bushes is 0.75-1 m.

The best time to plant seeds is September .

Rosehip seeds require long-term stratification (from eight months to one year). They are mixed with moistened, coarse-grained, washed sand. During the stratification period, humidity and temperature are monitored. Such seeds are stored in cellars with a temperature not higher than 5-7 °. Sow in September.

For planting, it is better to use two-year-old seedlings. After planting, they must be cut to one third of the length. On the next year in the spring, basal shoots are cut by 60-100 cm for better branching. periodically (as individual branches dry out), rosehip bushes should be rejuvenated. Skeletal branches older than six years old should be cut and replaced with a basal shoot.

Pests and diseases of wild rose

spider mite . More often it affects wild rose plants in hot and dry years. It settles on the underside of the leaves under the cobweb.

Control measures: Karbofos (20 g per 10 l of water) with ethersulfonate (30 g per 10 l of water). Leaves are treated every ten days until the tick is completely destroyed.

Rose aphid. It settles on young shoots. The leaves are covered with sticky secretions. In the future, they twist, the shoots are bent, the flowers are ugly.

Control measures: Before the buds swell, sprinkle with nitrafen (300 g) or green oil concentrate (600 g per 10 l of water), and at the beginning of the leaves bloom - karbofos (30 g), tobacco decoction (400 g of tobacco and 40 g of soap per 10 l of water), infusion of onion scales (200 g and 40 g of soap per 10 liters of water).

Powdery mildew. It affects the leaves, fruits and shoots of wild rose. After bud break, a powdery-whitish coating appears on the leaves. Affected leaves curl and fall prematurely, shoots become twisted and stunted. The yield of fruits and the content of vitamins in them are reduced.

Control measures: Collection and destruction of diseased leaves, pruning and burning of affected shoots. Spraying every 10-12 days with a soapy emulsion with copper sulfate (5 g blue vitriol and 200 g of soap per 10 liters of water), colloidal sulfur (100 g per 10 liters of water) and dusting with ground sulfur.

Rust . Causes premature shedding of leaves and drying of shoots. Sometimes the entire plant dies. In spring, orange-yellow pads appear on the underside of the leaves (accumulation of spores of the fungus), later the pads become almost black. The spread of the disease is facilitated by abundant dew and rainy weather.

Control measures: Collection and burning of dry and affected leaves. Cutting and burning diseased shoots In early spring, before the buds swell, you need to sprinkle with a 3% emulsion of nitrafen before flowering and after it - with 1% Bordeaux liquid (100 g of copper sulfate and 200 g of fluffy lime) or copper oxychloride (30 g per 10 l of water).

Collection of rose hips

Rose hips are harvested as they ripen, when they turn orange-red or red. There are fewer vitamins in unripe and overripe fruits.

Fresh fruits are stored in a layer of 4-5 cm on racks for a short time at a temperature of plus 1-10 °. Water infusion, decoction, kvass, jam, juices, etc. are obtained from fresh or dried fruits.

Drying. You can dry the fruits under a canopy, in the sun, on a stove, in an oven. When drying in the oven or on the stove for the first 1-2 hours every 20-30 minutes, they must be inspected so that they do not burn, otherwise vitamin C is lost. Under-dried fruits crumple in the hand, overdried crumble into powder when crushed, burnt ones become almost black. Properly dried fruits are bright red, orange or brown-red.

Water infusion. Take a tablespoon (20 g) of dry fruits and pour two glasses of boiling water, boil over low heat in enamelware for 10 minutes, then cover with a lid and insist 22-24, and crushed - 2-3 hours. After that, the broth is filtered and drunk half a cup a day. Rosehip infusion should be stored in a dark sealed container, as vitamin C is better preserved this way.

For long-term storage 0.05-0.1% hydrochloric or citric acid is added to the infusions. Acidification has a good effect on the stability of vitamin C, speeds up the infusion process and gives a pleasant taste.

Vitamin tea. One tablespoon (20 g) dried whole fruits, sepals and stalks removed, pour cold water(1 l) and boil in an enamel or porcelain bowl for 5-10 minutes. Pour into a glass through a strainer or gauze.

Rosehip petals are sometimes used for a tea drink, which give the drink a pleasant taste and aroma.

Tea from rose hips and blackcurrant berries. Take 20 g of seeds (1:1), pour two glasses of boiling water, insist for an hour, filter, add sugar, drink half a glass 3-4 times a day.

Rosehip tea with raisins. Wash the raisins, finely chop, pour boiling water 10:100 ml, boil for 10 minutes, squeeze, filter, add the same amount of rosehip infusion, drink half a glass several times a day.

To increase the A-vitamin value of apple and berry compotes, dried or fresh rose hips are used, removing the stalk and calyx. To get rid of prickly hairs inside the fruit, fresh berries are cut and cleaned of seeds and hairs. Dried fruits are pre-steamed for 2 hours, rubbed through a sieve and mashed together with a decoction rich in vitamins C and A, used to pour compote without boiling.

Juice and jam from apple and rugosa roses are of great value. Seeds and hairs are removed from the fruits, boiled with sour berries.

How to help the wild rose, which, after spring rejuvenating pruning, top dressing with biohumus and a full complex mineral fertilizer yellow chlorotic leaves appeared in early summer.

Yellowing of wild rose leaves and varietal roses most often has a non-infectious nature and associated with iron deficiency in the plant. Symptoms appear before flowering. In the apical leaves, the blade turns yellow between the veins, while the green color remains along the veins. Then the lower leaves turn yellow. Gradually, the leaves dry up, fall off, and the ends of the shoots dry. With a weak lesion, the green color of the leaves may recover by the end of the season. In this case, the next year the disease manifests itself in a stronger form and the plant dies. In addition to wild roses, own-rooted roses often suffer.

There are many factors affecting the availability of iron: high pH and high soil carbonate, too low pH ( acidic soils), lack of oxygen with poor aeration (occurs on heavy, clayey, compacted or waterlogged soils), high content of soluble salts, sulfur deficiency, high concentration of manganese, zinc or phosphorus in the soil. The best option- do a soil analysis to understand the root cause of iron deficiency. Depending on the result, measures should be taken, for example, to achieve optimal soil acidity by adding the necessary ameliorants. It happens that with a passion for liming, the acidity shifts to the alkaline side. You can normalize it by acidifying the soil with a weak solution of vinegar or citric acid. It may be necessary to improve the soil structure by adding loose substrates (peat, compost, sand) or to provide drainage and eliminate excess moisture.

On a note

Iron - essential element, which activates enzymes that affect the nutrition of the plant. It should be understood that iron can be in sufficient quantities in the soil, but at the same time it is not available to plants, it is not absorbed by them.

When iron deficiency is detected, iron sulfate is used, it is applied in dry form - 200-400 g under a bush, be sure to water the plants. Iron absorption will be improved by acidifying the soil with a weak solution of sulfuric acid (0.1 l per 1.7 l of water). The solution is poured into grooves at a distance of 30-40 cm from the trunk, 2-5 liters per bush, depending on age.

Foliar top dressing with a 0.5% solution iron sulphate or 1% solution of iron citrate is carried out 2-3 times from the beginning of the growing season. It is convenient to use special preparations for foliar feeding containing iron in a chelated form, in the most accessible form for plants.

Rust. Pathogens are single-host fungi with complete cycles of development from the class Urediniomycetes: Phragmidium mucronatum (Fr.) Schlecht., Ph. disciflorum (Tode) James and Ph. tuberculatum Mull.

The harmfulness of rust is due to the general weakening of the bushes, the death of buds with strong development, premature fall of leaves, curvature and drying of shoots, and poor overwintering of plants.

Leaves, stems, buds, shoots, young fruits are affected. Symptoms of the manifestation of the disease vary depending on the affected organs. The first symptoms are recorded on young shoots, leaf petioles, flower buds in the form of orange-red spots with many small black formations, from which drops of liquid stand out. Later, these spots crack and in their place large orange-red formations arranged in concentric circles are formed, which are spermogia with spermatozoa. With the growth of lesions on the stems, ulcers appear, causing weakening and drying of the stem. On rose hips, aetsia also develop on fruits. Perennial ulcers form on boles and stems.

In the period from the end of flowering to the beginning of autumn, numerous clusters of rusty-red summer uredinio pustules form on the underside of the leaves. Chlorotic yellowish spots appear on the upper side of the affected leaves. This spotting causes mass abscission, and then the formation of new leaves, which leads to weakening of the bushes both in the current and in subsequent years, to elongation growing season and often to the freezing of plants.

At the end of summer, the urediniopustules are replaced by black clusters of winter teliopustules.

The fungus produces colorless 4-celled basidia and dark-colored spermatozoa. Aetsiospores are polyhedral or ellipsoidal, unicellular, thin-walled, with a finely warty shell. They form in chains and are orange-yellow in color. Urediniospores are intense yellow, ovoid, thin-walled, covered with delicate warts. Teliospores are cylindrical-fusiform, multicellular, with a wart on top and a long stalk. Their entire surface is covered with small spikes.

During the growing season, the pathogen is spread by aeciospores and urediniospores. The pathogen overwinters in the form of teliospores found in plant debris. On a white oil-bearing rose, the pathogen overwinters as mycelium in the affected stems.

A strong development of the disease occurs with prolonged cold and wet weather in spring and summer, and with elevated temperature and insufficient humidity, the disease weakens.

powdery mildew. The causative agent is a fungus of the class Euascomycetes Sphaerothecapannosa (Wallr.) Lev.; sometimes on wild species of roses and wild roses Sph. alchemilla (Grew) L. Junell.

A ubiquitous, very harmful disease, leading to a decrease in oil yield, weakening of plants, poor overwintering, and sometimes death.

All above-ground organs of plants are affected: leaves, shoots, flowers. On young leaves, shoots, buds, sometimes thorns, a white cobweb appears, which later becomes mealy, acquires a grayish or brownish tint.

The leaves are deformed, turn brown and fall off. The shoots are bent. In severely affected bushes, growth and development are suspended. On varieties with dense leathery leaves, mosaic small reddish spots or rings appear. Plaque is a mycelium and conidial sporulation of the fungus, which is formed many times during the growing season and causes infection of new plants. By autumn, closed fruiting bodies are formed on the mycelium - cleistothecia in the form of small black dots, they are especially numerous during warm, prolonged autumn.

The pathogen spreads during the growing season with conidia. The fungus overwinters in the form of mycelium between the scales of the kidneys and in cracks in the bark; cleistothecia on plant debris are also an insignificant source of infection.

The development of the disease is facilitated by excessive nitrogen fertilizer, a lack of calcium in the soil, drying out of the soil, too light sandy or, conversely, cold, damp soils.

Infectious burn, or stem cancer. The causative agent is a fungus of the class Coelomycetes Coniothyrium wernsdorffiae Laub. The most pronounced signs of the disease appear on roses in open field spring after removal winter shelters when plants are weakened. On the stems, more often in their lower part, reddish-brown, later light brown or grayish large spots appear with a red-brown border, which disappears with time, and the spots can ring the stem. On the surface of necrotic spots, conidial sporulation of the fungus is noticeable in the form of numerous black small tubercles - pycnidia. The affected tissues dry out, the bark cracks, forming wounds and ulcers. Gradually, the entire upstream part of the shoot dies.

Cuttings are also affected during rooting. Growing young shoots turn brown and dry, and top part the main cutting turns brown and is covered with small black pycnidia.

The fungus is especially dangerous for weakened plants, which is typical for heat-loving roses that do not have time to ripen, or when overwintering conditions were unfavorable.

During the growing season, the pathogen spreads by pycnospores, usually during spring, then spread stops until autumn. Infection occurs through wounds that appear during pruning, insect damage, frost, etc. The fungus overwinters in the form of mycelium and pycnidia in the affected shoots.

The development of the pathogen on the plant begins long before the beginning of the growing season at a temperature of +3…+4°С ( optimum temperature for its development + 12 ... + 17 ° С). The spread of infection is facilitated by high humidity, dry hot weather inhibits the development and spread of the disease.

Gray rot. The causative agent is a fungus of the class Hyphomycetes Botrytis cinerea Pers., which has a wide phylogenetic specialization. It is found everywhere, especially in areas with a cool and humid climate.

Buds and flowers are affected, less often stems, fruits and leaves. Affected tissues turn brown, rot, and in humid conditions become covered with a gray coating of conidial sporulation. Green shoots dry out completely. Pedicels droop or break, flowers die. Affected buds do not bloom or produce one-sided flowers. Small brown spots or sores may appear on the petals. During the growing season, the affected leaves turn yellow without visible signs of sporulation and fall off. Severe damage to the buds and shoots can cause the death of the entire bush. The disease is dangerous for rooting cuttings and young oculants.

During the growing season, the pathogen spreads with the help of conidia, winters on plant debris, on the soil surface in the form of mycelium or sclerotia.

spotting. A group of diseases that mainly affect the leaves of plants. They are ubiquitous in open and protected ground with a predominance of one or another type of pathogen. Usually appear in the second half of the growing season. Accompanied by premature leaf fall, as a result of which the young shoots that form do not have time to mature, the plants do not overwinter poorly. Spotting develops most strongly when high humidity.

Black spotted roses. The causative agent is a fungus of the class Euascomycetes Diplocarpon rosae Wolf., has a conidial stage Marssonina rosae (Lib.) Died, (anamorph).

Leaves and annual non-lignified shoots are affected. Rounded dark brown or almost black spots appear on the upper side of the leaves, slightly radiant along the edges, 5-15 mm in diameter.

Subsequently, on these spots under the cuticle, numerous fruiting bodies are formed, located in concentric circles. Yellowness appears around the spots. Affected leaves fall off, which provokes the awakening of dormant buds, leading to a weakening of the plants, which become very sensitive to low temperatures.

The pathogen persists in the marsupial stage and mycelium in the fallen affected leaves and damaged shoots. Secondary infection during the growing season is carried out by conidia. The development of the disease is stronger in warm and humid weather, with abundant and frequent dew.

Pathogen purple spotting, or sphaceloma, or phyllostictosis, - a fungus of the class Coelomycetes Phyllosticta rosarum Pass, (syn. Sphaceloma rosarum (Pass.) Jenk.). Spots appear on the leaves - small, rounded, 1-4 mm in diameter, purple or black; over time, their center turns pale, acquiring a grayish-white color, the purple-brown border is preserved. On the stems - spots of the same color, but more oblong, sometimes convex. In humid conditions, conidial sporulation is formed, visible from the underside of the leaf, in the form of small black pads.

The pathogen spreads with the help of conidia, persists in the winter in the form of conidial sporulation on fallen leaves and shoots.

Septoria causes a fungus of the class Coelomycetes Septoria rosae Desm. Small rounded spots form on the leaves, initially dark brown, and then turning pale, acquiring grey colour with purple border. In the center of the spots, small black dots are visible - pycnidia.

The pathogen spreads by pycnospores, persists in the winter in the form of pycnidia on fallen leaves.

Tracheomycotic wilt. The causative agents are fungi of the Hyphomycetes class, of the genus Fusarium (mainly F. oxysporum Schl.), less often of the genus Verticillium Nees.

In affected plants, the tops of the shoots droop, the leaves turn yellow and fall off. Later, the shoots turn brown and completely dry out. Young plants usually die in one year, older ones in 2-3 years.

Penetrating through the roots vascular system plants, fungi clog conductive vessels with their biomass or destroy them with toxins that are part of the products of metabolism. On the transverse section of the stem, darkening of the vessels is visible. With increased humidity, a grayish-dirty (verticillium) or whitish-pink (fusarium) coating of sporulation appears on the affected parts.

Sources of infection - soil substrate, plant residues, planting material where pathogens persist as mycelial formations. The features of pathogens include their broad phylogenetic specialization and confinement to plants weakened as a result of fluctuations in daily temperatures with sufficient and high humidity.

root cancer. The causative agent is the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens Conn. The disease occurs in patches. The range of host plants includes many fruit and ornamental crops.

The pathogen attacks the roots root collar rose hips and roses. Growths form on the affected parts different size- from barely noticeable to large (several centimeters), at first light-colored, then dark brown. The surface of the growths is tuberculate. Diseased plants form small flowers, their yield decreases, and the quality of the essential oil deteriorates.

Bacteria enter the roots of plants through wounds that soil-dwelling insects can inflict. The pathogen can persist in the soil for a long time. The development of the disease is favored by the alkaline reaction of the soil, excessive fertilization with manure, damage to the roots by insects.

Viral mosaic. Most common viral disease, causes Rose mosaic virus.

Symptoms of the disease vary depending on the plant variety. In some varieties and hybrids, yellow-green mottling appears in the lower parts of the stems, the leaf lobes become small, deformed, flower buds often etiolated, underdeveloped. With severe damage, the flowers become almost white. The leaves are dotted with chlorotic spots located along the midrib or on one half of the leaf. Deformation of leaf blades and petiole is noted, sometimes vein chlorosis appears. The strong development of the mosaic leads to premature leaf fall, the number of shoots decreases, and the content of essential oils decreases.

The virus is transmitted during vaccination. The carrier is unknown.

In addition to the mosaic on the rose, rose streak virus, rose yellow mosaic virus, rose wilt virus, tobacco ring spot virus, cruciform mosaic virus, etc. are known.

Non-infectious chlorosis. The main reason is the high carbonate content of the soil, in which iron is in an inaccessible form. Plants experience iron starvation. The disease is also promoted by a sulfur deficiency in the soil. First, interveinal yellowing of the apical leaves is observed, along the veins a green color is preserved. Later, the lower leaves turn yellow, then they dry up and fall off, the ends of the shoots dry up. Sometimes leaves slightly affected by chlorosis turn green by autumn, but the next year the disease resumes in a stronger form.

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