Cork elm ornamental trees and shrubs. DIY landscape design

November 28, 2011

We dedicate this article to fans of large vehicles and those who are just about to join them. Although the elm family has quite miniature plants, ideal for bonsai compositions, most trees are solid in size.

Adult elm can reach 16 meters in height, and its crown grows up to 10 meters in diameter. Bush versions of this plant also reach up to 6 meters.

The main charm of elm is its absolute unpretentiousness. This tree loves sun or partial shade. At the same time, it calmly tolerates dry soil or prolonged rains, wind and even hard frost. Even temperatures up to minus 50 degrees are unfathomable for adult plants - they can freeze a little around the edges, but quickly recover.

Landscaping Decoration

Elms grow fairly quickly. In three or four years, a very decent tree can grow out of a small cutting, and young plants grow annually by a meter. Such rapid development makes it possible to successfully use elms in the formation of hedges. They tolerate pruning well, and thanks to their rapid regeneration, their crown quickly thickens and turns into a dense array. By the way, this same property makes elm a favorite among topiary fans.

In addition to green fences, standard or bush variants of this plant are often used in other landscape design compositions. Elm can solo on the lawn, organically fits into Japanese garden stones, harmonizes well with apple trees, felt cherries, bird cherry, or fieldfare.

Standard plants can serve as a "roof" in the shady composition. The spreading dense crown creates an excellent shelter, in the shade of which you can plant ferns, bergenia, astilbe, host and lilies of the valley.

Lovers of harmony and color balances are already wondering, what does an elm look like? The crown of this plant is made up of densely growing pointed leaves, serrated along the edge and painted in dark green color. Elm belongs to deciduous trees, but is in no hurry to shed its outfit, and the leaves stay on the branches until severe frosts, eventually acquiring a yellowish-olive hue. The elm blooms even before the foliage appears with small flowers collected in bunches.

How to plant and care?

In a word, elm on personal plot it's good and great. How to plant it? To begin with, let's please gardeners who every year fight with young shoots of apple and cherry trees. Elm does not propagate through the root system. The main method of planting it is cuttings. You can breed elms on the site yourself - from one adult tree you can root dozens of cuttings and, if you wish, arrange a real elm street in your country house without any nightmares. best time for rooting - June and July.

There are no special tricks in planting this tree, but for the first three or four days the tree needs abundant watering (up to ten liters of water per square meter), especially if the weather is hot outside. After planting, the near-stem space is mulched with peat or wood chips with a layer of up to ten centimeters.

The active period of elm growth occurs in middle lane for the period from April to October. All work on pruning and thinning of the crown should be carried out even before the growing season. The exception is work on topiary molding, which is carried out throughout the summer.

But it is better not to hurry with molding. In the early years, you will only need to remove dried and dead branches, and start the first serious pruning around the fourth year. Most importantly, do not forget to cover all the places of cuts with plenty of thick garden pitch so that fungi or bacteria do not get into the wounds. In general, the elm gets sick very rarely, and pests do not like it, but sometimes weakened trees can become victims of the spider mite.

And the last, if you have contacted the elm, then this is for a long time. The tree is distinguished by its vitality. Individual plants of this species are known in the world, the age of which reaches 500 and even 800 years. Even in room conditions elm can live over 50 years.

Dear readers, we bring to your attention elm video:

Far East, Japan, China

Habitat:

deciduous mountain forests

Sizes and forms of growth:

life form:

wood

deciduous

monoecious

• up to 18 m;
• in Moscow at the age of 35 - 9 m

crown shape:

wide-cylindrical, rounded at the top

The soil:

pH:

from acidic to alkaline

mechanical composition of the soil:

any soil

Planting and breeding:

optimal landing time:

spring, autumn

breeding methods:

seeds, green cuttings

features of seed propagation:

• freshly harvested seeds germinate poorly due to the presence of inhibitors in the pericarp, mature seeds without pericarp germinate quickly and completely in water, and immature ones slowly;
• cold stratification for 1 month and soaking the seeds in a solution of gibberellin strongly stimulates the germination of seeds without pericarp

vegetative reproduction:

rooting rate of cuttings - 20% when processed with Kornevin

Winter hardiness:

main view:

completely winter-hardy

hardiness zone

Decorative:

Decoration season:

Spring Summer Autumn

Peak decorative:

at the beginning of fruiting, in autumn color

Decorative properties:

crown form, leaves

Branches (bark color, shape):

young branches are gray or yellowish

Leaves:

alternate, large, with apex elongated into a pointed tip or with 3-5 (7) pointed lobes

Summer color of leaves (needles):

Autumn color of leaves (needles):

Flowering time:

in Moscow blooms in early May for 6 days

Fruiting time:

fruits ripen in the first half of June

Peculiarities:

frost resistance, shade tolerance, resistance to urban conditions, wind resistance

Another tree is called Mountain Elm, or Mountain Elm (lat. Ulmus glabra). Trees of the Elm genus belong to the Elm family. Deposit: wild growth - temperate latitudes of Europe, North America and Asian countries. Elm prefers bright places. The soil is moist and fertile. Likes moderate watering. Rough elm grows up to 40 m and can exist for about 400 years. The tree reproduces by seeds.

Description of rough elm

Rough elm is a tree with a round or semi-oval crown with large leaves. It can grow up to 40 meters high, the trunk reaches 80 cm in circumference. The bark is brown, on the surface of the crack.

The leaf is up to 15 cm long, oblong, extended, with teeth along the edges, the roots are short. Leaf color is light green, autumn period they turn yellow.

Elm has flowers and anthers. Female flowers are collected in a bunch and sit on small pedicels, male anthers have purple hue. The tree blooms in early spring, the process lasts 7 days.

The fruits of the tree are winged nuts, small in size. Fruit ripening occurs immediately after flowering. Elm is a fast-growing tree, grows well on loose fertile soil, moderately moistened. Salt soil does not tolerate drought well, but calmly tolerates drought. May die in harsh winter.

Rough elm is very well suited for landscaping urban areas. It can be planted both singly and in groups. The tree is quite common in Russia (European part) and regions of the North Caucasus.

Reproduction. Propagated in autumn, fully matured seeds. Young plants can be transplanted. To achieve the desired variety, the plant must be grafted.

Growing. This is a fast growing tree, but capricious. loves the sun and good fertile soil moderately hydrated. Winter, without a strong cold, endures easily. Trees growing in gardens and parks need to form a crown. Elm normally tolerates city conditions and polluted air.

Diseases and pests. Dutch disease, the main disease of the tree. The causative agents of this disease are elm sapwood. When the plant is already infected, young branches begin to wither and turn yellow, after which they die and the whole tree suffers. To prevent this from happening, biostimulants are used and organic top dressing. Thus the tree, and its root system, becomes stronger to different stresses. Trees affected by the disease should be uprooted immediately.

The use of rough elm. The plant has strong wood, quite elastic and durable. It is difficult to split and process, but it is easy to grind. The drying process occurs moderately, but there is a possibility of all kinds of distortions and cracks. This wood is used in finishing works and to create pieces of furniture. With its help, lathes, wagons, machines for Agriculture, inventory. It is used when decorating alleys in park areas.

Popular types of elm

Grows in Europe and North America. Grows up to 40 meters. The bark of the tree is brown, with peeling and depressions in the form of cracks. The foliage is dark green, the leaves are large and rough. The bunch-shaped flowers are small, unattractive in appearance, flowering begins in May. It bears fruit with winged nuts, they appear immediately after flowering. Such a tree is like fertile loose soil. Calmly refers to shaded places, but it is better if it is light.

The crown of the tree is weeping, flat-topped with long branches that have grown in breadth, which are located horizontally. It is applied to gardening of city streets, gardens and parks.

The tree belongs to ornamental plants, grows up to small sizes(5 meters). Its growth is affected by the height of the graft. Wide-weeping crown has the shape of an umbrella. The branches are directed vertically down and slightly separated. The leaves are large, up to 20 cm long, rough, dark green in color. The flowers are small, do not differ in beauty, with a purple tint.

Flowering begins before the leaves appear. The fruits are round-shaped lionfish. The tree loves bright places and space. The soil should be loose and fresh. It is resistant to frost, but in the first years of the vaccination site, in young plants, it is better to cover. The tree is used in the construction of arches, tunnels and tents.

IN single landing looks impressive enough. The branches are pruned, otherwise, when they come into contact with the ground, they begin to rot. Planting near pears or currants is undesirable, they have the same pest, elm springtail or elm leaf beetle. Another tree is affected by fungal spores.

The height of an adult tree is up to 5 meters. The branches are drooping and long. The leaves are ovoid, wide with a pointed, green color, with the onset of autumn it becomes brown-green. During the flowering period, small flowers appear, formed into a bunch.

Fruits, in the form of small lionfish, appear after the flowers fall. The crown can be 10 m wide. For each year, the tree grows by 10-15 cm, expands by 20-30 cm. The tree is whimsical to the ground, requires healthy, fertile soil, slightly acidic and moderate moisture. For landing, partial shade and a lighted place are suitable. Quietly winters and is not afraid of transplants. With normal maintenance, it can last 600 years. His distinguishing feature- upwardly growing roots.

The crown resembles a tent, so the tree is very often used for landscape design and decoration of alleys in parks and gardens. Under the crown of a tree, you can hide from the scorching sun, and therefore gazebos and benches are installed here. The plant is in perfect harmony with roses and peonies, more good neighbor thuja, barberry and currant. Looks very nice in spring time when yellow-green lionfish appear.

Rough elm, undemanding, versatile plant, well suited for landscaping recreation areas within the city.

Rough elm- U. scabra Mill. = glabra Huds.
Wildly grows in the European part of Russia, Scandinavia, Central Europe, the Balkans, Asia Minor.

A tree with a wide, rounded, dense crown, reaching a height of 35 m under favorable conditions. The bark on the trunks is dark brown, remains smooth for a long time, the branches are dark brown, young shoots are densely hairy. The leaves are large, up to 17 cm long, obovate, sharp-toothed along the edge, rough on top and stiff-haired below, dark green, on very short, pubescent petioles up to 0.5 cm long; yellowing in autumn. Inconspicuous flowers on long stalks are collected in spherical bunches. Flowering time is 4-7 days. Quite large, greenish lionfish with a notch at the top, also in dense bunches.

Rough elm grows quickly. Demanding on soil and soil moisture. Shade-tolerant and frost-resistant. It tolerates urban conditions well. It is relatively drought tolerant. Holds up well to pruning. Pretty gas resistant. Propagated by seeds, decorative forms - by grafting. Lives up to 300 years. large tree suitable for planting in parks in the form of single, group and row plantings, in combination with oak, maple, linden. In culture since 1883.

Decorative forms of rough elm

a) according to the shape of the crown: pyramidal (exoic) (f. exoniensis) - with a compressed narrow pyramidal crown; Camperdown (f. Camperdownii) - with a rounded crown and drooping branches; weeping (f. pendula) - powerful growth, with horizontally spreading main branches, forming a flat-topped crown with drooping young branches; low (f. nana) - dwarf, slowly growing form, up to 2 m tall, with small leaves;

b) according to the shape of the leaves: large-leaved (f. macrophylla); curly (f. crispa) - slowly growing, undersized, with narrow, deeply incised-toothed leaves with twisted teeth; horned (f. cornuta) - with 3-5-lobed leaves in the upper part;

c) leaf color: yellowish (f. lutescens); yellow-and-white (f. aureo-variegata); purple (f. purpurea) - young leaves are purple; dark purple (f. atro-purpurea). Very beautiful shape'Lutescens' - Its leaves appear creamy yellow in spring and later turn yellowish green, this form is not affected by Dutch elm disease.

Rough elm"Weeping" (Ulmus glabra "Pendula") is very good on the trunk. An original tree with a hemispherical crown, similar to an inverted bowl. Long branches with large dark green leaves create a dense shady canopy under which you can hide from the sun's rays. Grows slowly. The height of an adult tree is no more than 5 m, the diameter of the crown is up to 10 m. Shade-tolerant. Demanding on soil fertility. It is winter-hardy, but in very severe winters, the ends of annual shoots freeze slightly. Grafting is done on rough elm in a trunk with a height of 1 to 2.5 m.

Description of the elm as a representative of ornamental trees and shrubs

In urban and home gardening, decorative elm is used as a fast-growing plant that provides shade. In the wild, it is found in mixed deciduous-coniferous forests and grows up to 40 m. Some representatives reach 2 m in trunk volume.

General descriptions

The elm family unites 40 varieties of trees and shrubs. The second name is birch bark. In nature, this tall trees with a powerful root system, whose age reaches 120–400 years. For landscaping, breeders bred dwarf and medium-sized representatives, standard ones with different sizes and colors of leaves.

Source: Depositphotos

Weeping form of decorative elm in landscape gardening

TO general characteristics elm as a representative of ornamental trees and shrubs include the following features:

• deciduous and moisture-loving;
• cylindrical or spherical crown;
• leaves with a pattern, up to 20 cm long;
• flowering period - April;
• flowers are small, collected in bunches;
• ornamental varieties are propagated by seeds and grafting.

Fertile light soils are suitable for planting birch bark. There are sun-loving and shade-tolerant trees, so this feature taken into account when choosing a landing site. Tree pruning is done in sanitary purposes and rarely decorative. Birch barks grow slowly, so special care do not require. The crown of the tree is dense, gives a good shade, so flower beds are not broken around the trunk.

The best decorative varieties

Decorative varieties of birch bark are bred from wild species. The most popular is the small-leaved elm. Its varieties are used in urban gardening, the most common include:

• "Pendyla" - weeping crown shape with flexible young shoots;
• "Lutescens" - rounded crown shape, leaves from light green to dark yellow;
• "Fastigiata" - formed in the form of a column.

Of the undersized representatives of the family, the mountain elm varieties "Kampendula" and "Low" are distinguished by decorative features. "Campendula" reaches a height of 4 m. The crown is rounded, with long hanging branches. "Low" birch bark grows up to 2 m. It grows slowly, has small openwork leaves.

"Jacqueline Hiller" is grown as a shrub or on a trunk. It reaches a height of 3–3.5 m, adapts equally well to a shady and sunny place.

Elms do not tolerate pruning. They can only be cut a little. Therefore, each decorative representative has a certain crown shape at the genetic level. Therefore, it does not need to be formed. Most tree-like birch bark endure cold temperatures down to -30 ° C, therefore they are grown in different regions world from North America to the shores of the southern seas.