Syntactic analysis of the sentence with the word thank you. Grammatical analysis of a sentence in Russian: examples

The sentence contains information, asks about it, or directs to action. Most often it has a basis and secondary members describing it. In order to assimilate or refresh the memory of a topic, it is useful to study examples of the grammatical analysis of a sentence in Russian.

Grammatical basis in parsing a sentence

The basis is quite logical in application. It consists of a subject that directly names a thing or phenomenon, and a predicate - an action performed or directed at an object.

The subject is always used in initial form(nominative item), but can be not only a noun. It could be:

• numeral - to indicate quantity, set, number (there were three in line; four was his best estimate);
• personal pronoun (he quietly walked along the corridor; we left the classroom);
• indefinite pronoun (someone was sitting in the room; something bothered me);
• negative pronoun (no one could stop them);
• adjective in the sense of a noun (the person in charge was appointed by the management; the duty officer kept order).

In the grammatical analysis of a sentence, it is customary to highlight the subject with an underline, and the predicate with a double underline.

The predicate is most often a verb, but has several types:

• simple verb, expressed by the verb in any mood (the dog ran down the alley; the student gets up early);
• compound verb, consists of auxiliary verb (modal word) and infinitive (she started running in the morning; I have to go to work);
• compound nominal, having a linking verb (most often - to be) and a nominal part (a student became a student; bread is their main food; three times two is six(the word "will" is omitted);

Completeness of the offer

Based on the composition of the basis, sentences are two-part, where both main members are present or one is implied (incomplete) (night has come; where is he(omitted "is") ?) , and one-part. The latter are:

• definitely personal, in which it is clear from the face of the verb who it is about (I do my best(I); let's go for a walk(we));
• indefinitely personal, expressed by the past tense verb in plural (a floor below made a noise; somewhere in the distance they sang);
• generalized-personal, which attribute the action to everyone (often found in proverbs and sayings) (if you want to eat a fish, you need to climb into the water; you go and admire the view);
• impersonal, implying no object (it got dark; he was very sorry; it was cold in the room).

Secondary, but no less important

To give detailed information, the object and action are supported by third-party words and constructions. They are:

When performing a grammatical analysis of a sentence, they must also be taken into account. If there are minor members, the proposal is considered widespread, respectively, without them - non-common.

Complicated sentences - it's not difficult at all

Various plug-in components complete the offer by increasing the amount of information. They are embedded between the main and secondary members, but are already defined as a separate part, which goes as a separate paragraph in the grammatical analysis of the sentence. These components can be removed or replaced without losing the meaning of the text. Among them:

• detached definitions applicable to an object member (describe a property, stand out as a definition) are participle turnovers (the kettle, which was warming on the stove, whistled sharply; the road led to a house standing in the forest);
• isolated circumstances (stand out as a circumstance) are participle turns (he ran, stumbling over stones; looking wary, the dog held out its paw);
• homogeneous members of a sentence - perform the same function and always ask the same question (were scattered on the floor(what?) books, notebooks, notes(homogeneous subject); on weekends we only(what they were doing?) sleeping and walking(homogeneous predicate); he looked at(whom?) mother and sister(homogeneous addition));
• address to someone, which is always separated by a comma and is an independent member of the sentence (my son, you did the right thing; You, Andrei, misunderstood me);
• introductory words (probably, perhaps, finally, etc.) (I probably got excited; tomorrow, most likely, it will be hot).

How to make a grammatical analysis of a sentence, taking into account all the components?

For parsing, a clear algorithm has been created that does not cause difficulties if you know all the above constructions and components of the proposal. Among them, simple and complex ones stand out - the order of analysis is slightly different for them. The following is a grammatical analysis of sentences with examples for individual cases.

Simple sentence

At the beginning of autumn, covered with a golden carpet, the city alleys whimsically shimmer.

1. Define the main members. The basis should be one, as in this example: alleys- subject, shimmer- predicate.

2. Select minor members: (when?) at the beginning of autumn- circumstance (what?) covered with golden carpet- separate definition, (how?) whimsically- circumstance (what?) urban- definition.

3. Define parts of speech:

At the beginning of the noun. autumn n. , covered with golden adj. carpet n. , bizarrely overflow urban adj. alleys n.

4. Describe the signs:

• the purpose of the statement (narrative, incentive, interrogative);
• intonation (exclamatory, non-exclamatory);
• on the basis (two-part, one-part - indicate which one);
• completeness (complete, incomplete)
• by the presence of secondary (common, non-common);
• complicated (if yes, then by what) or not complicated;

Characteristics of this non-exclamatory, two-part, complete, common, complicated separate definition.

This is what a complete grammatical analysis of a sentence looks like.

Difficult sentence

Since a complex sentence includes two or more simple ones, it is quite logical to parse them separately, but the parsing algorithm is still different. Parsing sentences in Russian are ambiguous. Compound sentences related to simple ones are:

An example of parsing a compound sentence

In the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy, but on weekends everyone got together at one big table.

1. All bases are highlighted. There are several of them in a complex sentence: every- subject, been busy- composite nominal predicate; all- subject, were going- predicate.
2. Define parts of speech.

In the pr. family, noun. , regardless of from pr. age n. , each is a place. was ch. very nar. busy app. , nose. on pr. weekend adj. all place. were going to for pr. large adj. table su SCH.

1. Find out if there is an alliance. Here - "but". So the proposal is allied.
2. It is possible to characterize by the position of simple ones if there is a union (paragraph 2). This example- a compound sentence, simple ones in it are equivalent (that is, if you wish, you can divide it into two independent ones). In the case of non-union, this item is not indicated.
3. Do general characteristics: narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied, compound.
4. Disassemble simple inside separately:

• in the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy (narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, full, common, complicated by a separate definition of "regardless of age")a
• on weekends everyone gathered at a large table

Complex sentence

The algorithm will be similar, only with the indication of the subordinating union. It is also part of the composition. You also need to highlight the main thing and find out how the subordinate clauses (parentheses) are “attached” to it.

This is a kind of submission, not a mandatory item, but it is also often taken into account.

The main thing to remember is that grammatical and parsing- synonyms. The meeting of one of the words in the task should not be frightening, since the topic is quite general and quickly digestible. For foreigners, it is difficult because of the great variability, but that's what makes the Russian language beautiful.

Words and phrases are the components of every sentence in writing and in oral speech. To build it, you should clearly understand what should be the connection between them in order to build a grammatically correct statement. That is why one of the important and complex topics in school curriculum Russian language is the syntactic analysis of the sentence. With this analysis, complete analysis of all components of the utterance and the connection between them is established. In addition, the definition of the structure of the sentence allows you to correctly place punctuation marks in it, which is quite important for every literate person. As a rule, this topic begins with the analysis of simple phrases, and after the children are taught to parse the sentence.

Phrase parsing rules

Parsing a specific phrase taken from the context is relatively simple in the Russian language syntax section. In order to produce it, they determine which of the words is the main one, and which is dependent, and determine which part of speech each of them refers to. Next, you need to determine the syntactic relationship between these words. There are three of them in total:

• Agreement is a kind of subordinating relationship, in which the gender, number and case for all elements of the phrase determines the main word. For example: a receding train, a flying comet, a shining sun.
• Control is also one of the types of subordination, it can be strong (when the case connection of words is necessary) and weak (when the case of the dependent word is not predetermined). For example: watering flowers - watering from a watering can; liberation of the city - liberation by the army.
• Adjacency is also submissive connection, however, it applies only to invariable and non-inflected words. Dependence such words express only meaning. For example: riding a horse, unusually sad, very scared.

An example of parsing phrases

The syntactic analysis of the phrase should look something like this: “speaks beautifully”; the main word is “says”, the dependent word is “beautiful”. This connection is determined through the question: speaks (how?) beautifully. The word "says" is used in the present tense in the singular and in the third person. The word "beautiful" is an adverb, and therefore this phrase expresses a syntactic connection - adjacency.

Scheme for parsing a simple sentence

Parsing a sentence is a bit like parsing a phrase. It consists of several stages that will allow you to study the structure and relationship of all its components:

1. First of all, they determine the purpose of the statement of a single sentence, all of them are divided into three types: narrative, interrogative and exclamatory, or incentive. Each of them has its own sign. So, at the end of a declarative sentence that tells about an event, there is a point; after the question, of course, - a question mark, and at the end of the incentive - an exclamation mark.
2. Next, you should highlight the grammatical basis of the sentence - the subject and the predicate.
3. The next step is to describe the structure of the sentence. It can be one-part with one of the main members or two-part with a complete grammatical basis. In the first case, it is additionally necessary to indicate what kind of sentence is in terms of the nature of the grammatical basis: verbal or denominative. And then determine whether there are secondary members in the structure of the statement, and indicate whether it is widespread or not. At this stage, you should also indicate whether the sentence is complicated. Complications are considered homogeneous members, appeals, turns and introductory words.
4. Further, the syntactic analysis of the sentence involves the analysis of all words according to their belonging to parts of speech, gender, number and case.
5. The final stage is an explanation of the punctuation marks put in the sentence.

An example of parsing a simple sentence

Theory is theory, but without practice it is impossible to fix a single topic. That is why in the school curriculum a lot of time is devoted to syntactic analysis of phrases and sentences. And for training, you can take the simplest sentences. For example: "The girl was lying on the beach and listening to the surf."

1. The sentence is declarative and non-exclamatory.
2. The main members of the sentence: girl - subject, lay, listened - predicates.
3. This proposal is two-part, complete and widespread. Homogeneous predicates act as complications.
4. Analysis of all the words of the sentence:

• "girl" - acts as a subject and is a noun female in singular and nominative case;
• “lay” - in the sentence it is a predicate, refers to verbs, has a feminine gender, singular and past tense
• “on” is a preposition, serves to connect words;
• "beach" - answers the question "where?" and is a circumstance, in the sentence it is expressed by a masculine noun in the prepositional case and singular;
• "and" - union, serves to connect words;
• “Listened” - the second predicate, a feminine verb in the past tense and singular;
• "surf" - in the sentence is an addition, refers to a noun, has masculine, singular and used in the accusative case.

Designation of parts of a sentence in writing

When parsing phrases and sentences, conditional underscores are used, which indicate the belonging of words to one or another member of the sentence. So, for example, the subject is underlined with one line, the predicate with two, the definition is denoted wavy line, addition - dotted line, circumstance - dotted line. In order to correctly determine which particular member of the sentence is in front of us, we should put a question to it from one of the parts of the grammatical basis. For example, the questions of the name of the adjective are answered by the definition, the addition is determined by the questions of indirect cases, the circumstance indicates the place, time and reason and answers the questions: "where?" "where?" and why?"

Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence

The order of parsing a complex sentence is slightly different from the above examples, and therefore should not cause any particular difficulties. However, everything must be in order, and therefore the teacher complicates the task only after the children have learned to parse simple sentences. For analysis, a complex statement is proposed, which has several grammatical foundations. And here you should follow this scheme:

1. First, the purpose of the statement and the emotional coloring are determined.
2. Next, highlight the grammatical foundations in the sentence.
3. The next step is to define the relationship, which can be done with or without a union.
4. Next, you should indicate by what connection the two grammatical bases in the sentence are connected. It can be intonation, as well as coordinating or subordinating unions. And immediately conclude what the sentence is: compound, compound or non-union.
5. The next stage of parsing is the syntactic analysis of the sentence by its parts. It is produced according to the scheme for simple sentence.
6. At the end of the analysis, it is necessary to build a diagram of the proposal, on which the connection of all its parts will be visible.

Connection of parts of a complex sentence

As a rule, unions and allied words are used to connect parts in complex sentences, before which a comma is required. Such proposals are called allied. They are divided into two types:

• Compound sentences connected by conjunctions a, and, or, then, but. As a rule, both parts in such a statement are equal. For example: "The sun was shining, and the clouds were floating."
• Compound sentences that use such unions and allied words: so that, how, if, where, where, since, although and others. In such sentences, one part always depends on the other. For example: "The sun's rays will fill the room as soon as the cloud passes."

To correctly punctuate, you need to clearly understand the structure of the sentence. Syntactic analysis, that is, analysis of the sentence by members, is intended to help to understand it. Our article is devoted to the syntactic analysis of the sentence.

Syntax units

Syntax studies the relationship of words within phrases or sentences. Thus, the units of syntax are phrases and sentences - simple or complex. In this article, we will talk about how to parse a sentence, not a phrase, although it is often asked at school to do it too.

Why is parsing a sentence necessary?

The syntactic analysis of a sentence involves a detailed examination of its structure. This is absolutely necessary in order to correctly punctuate. In addition, it helps to understand the relationship of words within a phrase. In the course of syntactic analysis, as a rule, a sentence is characterized, all members of the sentence are determined and it is displaced by what parts of speech they are expressed. This is the so-called full parsing. But sometimes this term is used in relation to a short, partial, syntactic analysis, during which the student only underlines the members of the sentence.

Members of the proposal

Among the members of the proposal, the main ones are always distinguished first: subject and predicate. They usually form the grammatical basis. If a sentence has one grammatical basis, it simple, more than one complex.

The grammatical basis can consist of two main members, or include only one of them: either only the subject, or only the predicate. In the second case, we say that the sentence one-component. If both main terms are present - two-part.

If, apart from the grammatical basis, there are no words in the sentence, it is called uncommon. IN widespread the sentence also has secondary members: addition, definition, circumstance; application is a special case of definition.

if the sentence contains words that are not members of the sentence (for example, an appeal), it is still considered non-common.

When parsing, it is necessary to name the part of speech that expresses one or another member of the sentence. The guys work out this skill by studying Russian in the 5th grade.

Offer characteristics

To characterize a proposal, you must specify it, you must describe it.

• according to the purpose of the statement;
• by intonation;
• by the number of grammatical bases and so on.

Below we offer a proposal characterization plan.

For the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative, motivating.

By intonation: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

Exclamatory sentences can be any for the purpose of the statement of the proposal, and not just incentives.

By the number of grammatical bases: simple or complex.

By the number of main members in the grammatical basis: one-part or two-part.

If the proposal is one-part, it is necessary determine its type: nominative, definitely-personal, indefinitely-personal, impersonal.

Availability minor members: widespread or non-common.

If the proposal is complicated by something, then this must also be indicated. This is the parsing plan for the sentence; better to stick with it.

Complicated sentence

The sentence can be complicated by inversion, introductory and plug-in constructions, homogeneous members, separate members, direct speech. If any of these types of complications is present, then it is necessary to indicate that the sentence is complicated, and write with what.

For example, sentence “Guys, let's live together!” complicated by the appeal "guys".

If the sentence is complex

If you need to parse complex sentence, you must first indicate that it is complex, and determine its type: allied or non-union, and if allied, then also complex or complex. Then characterize each of the parts in terms of the composition of the grammatical basis (two-part or one-part, type of one-part) and the presence / absence of secondary members.

The table shows the minor members and their questions.

Minor terms can be expressed different parts speech, for example definition:

woolen skirt- adjective;

wool skirt- noun;

skirt ironed- participle;

winning habit- infinitive...

An example of parsing a sentence

Let's analyze the offer “I didn’t know that you, Masha, moved from the village to the city”.

We emphasize grammar basics. There are two of them: I knew and you moved . Let's define parts of speech: knew- the predicate is expressed by the verb in a personal form, etc.

Now we emphasize minor members:

Moved from where? from the village - a circumstance expressed by a noun; where? to the city is also a circumstance, also expressed by a noun. Masha- this is an appeal, it is not a member of the proposal.

Now let's give characteristic. The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied, complex.

The first part of "did not know" is incomplete, not widespread.

The second part is two-part, common. Complicated by handling.

At the end of the analysis, it is necessary to draw up a scheme of a complex sentence.

What have we learned?

Parsing is intended to help understand the structure of a sentence, so everything that can be associated with it must be indicated. It is better to carry out the analysis according to the plan, then there are more chances that you will not forget anything. It is necessary not only to emphasize the members of the sentence, but also to determine the parts of speech, and to characterize the sentence.

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In Russian, the process of syntactic analysis is the sequential comparison of words with the selection of a certain subset from the set of all words. The result is a syntactic order, which is used in conjunction with lexical analysis. Syntactic analysis makes it possible to analyze the structure of a sentence, which increases the level of punctuation literacy.

Parsing is acceptable in both simple and complex sentences, as well as in phrases. Each example has its own scenario of analysis, which emphasizes the inherent components. In syntactic analysis, it is necessary to be able to isolate a phrase from sentences, as well as determine whether the sentence is simple or complex. In addition, you should understand how the phrase is built and assign a link type to it. There are such types of communication: coordination, adjacency, control. When parsing, we need to select the desired phrase in the sentence, then set the main word. The next step is to determine the tense, mood, and person and number of the main word. As for the analysis of a simple sentence, it is necessary to initially determine it according to the purpose of the statement, namely, whether it is narrative, motivating or interrogative. Then you need to find the subject and predicate. The next step is to determine the type of proposal - it is one-part or two-part. After we find out the presence in the sentence of words in addition to the subject and predicate, which will allow us to say whether it is common or not common. Next will be the establishment - a complete or incomplete sentence. Consider this example: "I have not listened to music more beautiful than Beethoven." We will consider the proposal simple. Endowed with one grammatical basis - "I did not listen." "I" is the subject, personal pronoun. “I didn’t listen” is a simple verb, a predicate, which includes the particle “not”. The sentence contains the following secondary members "music" - an addition expressed by a noun. "More beautiful" - a definition expressed by an adjective in comparative degree. "Beethoven" - addition, noun. Now you can characterize this sentence - it is narrative, not exclamatory; in structure - simple, since there is one grammatical basis; two-part - there are both main members; common - after all, it contains secondary members; complete - no missing members. There are also no homogeneous members in the proposal.

The order of parsing can be different. Sometimes it is required to characterize a complex sentence as a whole, and sometimes it is necessary to analyze its parts, which are organized as simple sentences. Let's consider a variant of a more detailed syntactic analysis. First, we define the sentence according to the purpose of the statement. Then look at the intonation. After that, you should find simple sentences as part of a complex one and determine their foundations. Next, we highlight the means of communication between the parts of the complex sentence and indicate the type of sentence by means of communication. We determine the presence of secondary members in each part of a complex sentence and indicate whether the parts are common or non-common. In the next step, we note the presence of homogeneous members or treatment.

Using the sequence and rules of parsing, it will not be difficult to make the correct parsing of a sentence, although in terms of parsing speed, a good sixth grader will most likely outrun you.

The syntactic analysis of a sentence is its complete grammatical characteristic as a syntactic unit. It helps to correctly and accurately draw them up. With it, you can check the correct use of punctuation marks. In addition, the syntactic analysis of the sentence helps to consolidate knowledge on the topic "Syntax".

To parse a sentence, you need to know:

What is the difference between a sentence and a phrase?

What is the difference between simple and compound sentences?

What signs are characteristic for him: the purpose of the statement, intonational and semantic completeness,;

Types according to the number of grammatical bases;

8. Determine the complicating components (complicated, uncomplicated. If complicated, then indicate what exactly).

Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence

1. Disassemble the members of the proposal, determine how they are expressed.

2. Indicate his purpose of the statement (interrogative, incentive, narrative).

3. Describe by emotional coloring (non-exclamatory, exclamatory).

4. By the presence of more than one grammatical basis, determine that it is complex.

5. Specify the type of syntactic relationship (allied, non-union, combination of allied and non-union).

6. Indicate its type (compound, compound, unionless) and the means of communication in it.

7. Indicate the type of complex sentence (which compound or complex sentence).

8. After that, each part of it is characterized separately using a simple sentence scheme).

9. Make a diagram showing the links between its parts.

EXAMPLE OF SYNTAX ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLE SENTENCE:

Lilacs are blooming in our gardens.

-˖-~~~~~ ˖-˖-˖-˖-=======−−−−−−.

The sentence is declarative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated.

EXAMPLE OF SYNTAX ANALYSIS OF A COMPOUND SENTENCE:

I loved him very much, and he answered me the same.

− − − ˖-˖-˖-˖ =======, −− − − =======− − − −.

Yes and.

The sentence is compound, narrative, non-exclamatory, consists of two parts, which are connected by intonation, the joining union "yes and" and separated by a comma.

The first part (I loved it very much): simple, narrative, two-part, common, uncomplicated.

The second part (He answered me the same): simple, narrative, two-part, common, uncomplicated.

REMEMBER!

Performing a syntactic analysis of a sentence that is part of a complex one, we omit its characteristics in terms of emotional coloring and the purpose of the statement.