The words of the 1st declension are the husband of the family. masculine

1. Nouns belong to one of the three childbirth: male, female, average.

The gender of a noun can be determined by agreeing with it the possessive pronoun mine:

my son, my governor, my curtain, my house - masculine;
my wife, my wall, my night - feminine,
my window, my sky, my animal - neuter gender.

In addition, for most nouns denoting people, gender can be determined by gender - my apprentice, my grandfather(masculine); my mother, my sister(feminine).

2. Genus immutable nouns is defined as follows.

The gender of immutable nouns that name people is determined by gender.

Brave hidalgo, exquisite lady.

Nouns denoting professions and occupations are masculine.

Military attache, night porter.

Invariable nouns naming animals are masculine, although they can be used as feminine nouns when referring to a female.

Australian kangaroo, funny chimpanzee, little hummingbird.
The chimpanzee nursed her young.

Exceptions: tsetse, iwashi- feminine.

Immutable inanimate nouns are neuter.

Night taxi, tasty stew, new blinds.

Exceptions: coffee, penalty, sirocco(masculine) avenue, salami(feminine).

3. Nouns are a special group generic, which can represent both male and female people.

What a slut you are! What a slob you are!

General nouns characterize a person, usually give an evaluative characteristic to a person, have the endings -а, -я and belong to the 1st declension.

A slob, a ringleader, a singer, a hard worker, a dirty man, a dude, a drunkard, a sissy, a sleepyhead, a crybaby.

Note!

Some nouns of the 2nd declension with a zero ending, naming persons by profession ( doctor, professor, associate professor, driver etc.), although they can be used in relation to females, they are still masculine nouns!

4. The gender of nouns is determined by the singular form. If a noun does not have a singular form, it cannot be assigned to any of the three genders.

Manger, pasta, trousers, pitchfork.

B) The number of the noun

1. Most nouns have two numbers - the only thing and plural. In the singular form, the noun denotes one object, in the plural form, several objects.

Pencil - pencils; doctor - doctors.

2. Only one form(singular or plural) have real, collective, abstract and some specific nouns.

Only form singular have:

most real nouns;

Oil, cement, sugar, pearls, sour cream, milk.

most abstract nouns;

Joy, kindness, grief, fun, redness, running, gray hair.

most collective nouns;

Teaching, students, foliage, animals, crows, children.

most proper names.

Voronezh, Caucasus, Caspian, Ural.

Note!

In some cases, nouns that have only the singular form can form plural forms. But such an education is necessarily associated with a change in the meaning of the word:

1) at material

a) types, varieties of substances:

wine - dessert wines, oil - industrial oils;

b) the value of the large area covered by this substance:

water - the waters of the ocean, sand - the sands of the Karakum;

2) at abstract nouns plural form has meaning:

a) various manifestations of qualities, properties, states:

opportunity - new opportunities, joy - our joys;

b) duration, repetition and degree of manifestation of a sign, state, action:

frost - long frosts, pain - severe pain, cry - screams.

Only form plural have:

some real nouns;

Ink, sawdust, cleaning.

some abstract nouns;

Name days, elections, attacks, intrigues, beatings.

• some collective nouns;

  Money, finance, wilds.

some proper names;

Karakum, Carpathians, the novel "Demons".

words denoting paired objects, that is, objects consisting of two parts;

Glasses, trousers, sleds, gates, scissors, tongs.

some names of time intervals.

Twilight, day, weekdays, holidays.

Note!

For nouns that have only a plural form, not only the gender is not determined, but also the declension!

C) Case and declension of nouns

1. There are six in Russian cases:

All cases except the nominative are called indirect.

Note!

1) To correctly determine the case of a noun, you need to find the word on which the noun depends, and ask a question from this word to the noun, and it is better to use both questions at the same time.

Wed: He believed a friend: believed[to whom? what?] friend - D. p.

The subject usually has the form I. p., and such a noun does not depend on other members of the sentence, but is connected with the predicate.

Wed: I have[who? what?] friend - I. p.

2) It is especially important to ask both questions if the noun is in the nominative, genitive, or accusative case, because animate nouns have the same genitive and accusative questions (who?), while inanimate nouns have the same nominative and accusative questions (what?).

3) If the noun has a preposition, then the question must be asked using that preposition.

Wed: He looked into the book: he looked[in whom? into what?] in a book.

4) A preposition can be separated from a noun by an adjective, a pronoun. Note that the preposition is noun-related, not noun-dependent.

Wed: He quarreled with his friend: quarreled[with whom? with what?] with friend.

2. Changing nouns in cases and numbers is called declension.

Invariable nouns ( coat, sitro, subway, taxi, kangaroo, UN, traffic police) have no declension! Their number and case can be determined in phrases and sentences on the issue.

He was sitting[in whom? in what?] in coat - singular, prepositional; He came[without whom? without which?] without coat - singular, genitive.

3. The declension of inflected nouns is determined by the form nominative singular. Most singular nouns fall into three types of declension.

The type of declension is determined by the initial form (singular, nominative):

1st fold.	-and I	Feminine, masculine and common nouns with endings -а, -я.	Spring, earth, line, uncle, lord, dirty.
2nd fold.	zero	Masculine nouns with a null ending.	House□ , edge□ , ball□ , planetarium□ .
	-o, -e	All nouns ending in -o, -e.	Window, field, suspicion- neuter gender; wolf, apprentice- masculine.
3rd fold.	zero	Null-ending feminine nouns.	Mother□ , daughter□ , night□ , steppe□ .

4. Ten neuter nouns ending in -my (ending -я): time, burden, stirrup, tribe, flame, banner, crown, seed, name, udder, as well as nouns way, child refer to heterogeneous(they have endings of different declensions).

5. The noun man has different roots in singular and plural ( person people), therefore it has different types of declension in singular and plural:

person (singular) - declined as a noun of the 2nd declension;
people (plural) - inflected as a noun of the 3rd declension.

6. Substantive adjectives and participles (nouns formed by transition from one part of speech to another: ice cream, dining room, living room, maid etc.) do not belong to any of the three types of declension. They continue to inflect the way adjectives and participles inflect!

D) Noun declension patterns

1st declension

case	Singular			Plural
I. p.	Mum	Nanny	Aria	mothers	Babysitters	Arias
R. p.	mothers	Babysitters	Arias	Mom	Nian	Arius
D. p.	Mom	babysitter	Arias	Mom	Babysitting	Ariyam
V. p.	Mom	babysitter	Aria	Mom	Nian	Arias
T. p.	Mom(s)	Babysitter(s)	Aria(s)	Moms	Babysitters	Arias
P. p.	About mom	About babysitter	About aria	About moms	About nannies	About arias

Note!

Nouns of the 1st declension in -iya (ending -я): army, aria, symphony, Maria and others - in the dative case and the prepositional case of the singular have the ending -i, as nouns of the 3rd declension.

Wed: to the army, about the aria, to the symphony, about the symphony, to Mary, about Mary.

On nouns on -ya (ending -я): Marya, liar, cell

Wed: to Mary, about Mary.

2nd declension. masculine

case	Singular			Plural
I. p.	House	Horse	cue	Houses	Horses	cues
R. p.	Houses	Horse	kiya	houses	horses	Kyiv
D. p.	home	Horse	kyu	home	Horses	Qiyam
V. p.	House	Horse	cue	Houses	horses	cues
T. p.	home	Horse	Kiem	houses	horses	kiyami
P. p.	About the house	About the horse	About cue	About houses	About horses	About cues

Note!

Nouns of the 2nd declension ending in -y (zero ending): cue, radium, proletarian, planetarium and others - in the only prepositional case they have the ending -i, as nouns of the 3rd declension.

Wed: about radium, about planetarium.

On nouns on -ey, -ay (zero ending): end, sparrow etc. - this rule does not apply (!).

Wed: about the edge, about the sparrow.

2nd declension. Neuter gender

Inflected nouns

case	Singular		Plural
I. p.	Time	Way	Time	Ways
R. p.	time	Ways	times	Ways
D. p.	time	Ways	times	Ways
V. p.	Time	Way	Time	Ways
T. p.	by time	way	Sometimes	Ways
P. p.	About the time	About the way	About times	About ways

Note!

In oblique cases, nouns ending in -my have the suffix -en- ( time, seed, name).
Exception make up the plural forms of the genitive case of nouns seed, stirrup - no seeds, no stirrups.

Masculine Men. [ Telyaev:] You were Diana, scorning the masculine, with the moon in her hair, with a quiver over her shoulders.(A. Ostrovsky. Mad money).

Phraseological dictionary of the Russian literary language. - M.: Astrel, AST. A. I. Fedorov. 2008 .

See what "Masculine" is in other dictionaries:

masculine- (Latin masculinum) a gramme of the grammatical gender category, meaning a class of words that includes the designations of men, often also male supernatural beings, male animals, etc. As with ... ... Wikipedia

masculine- MALE, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

masculine- see gender masculine (genus in the article) ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

masculine- lingu. One of the classes of the grammatical category of gender ... Dictionary of many expressions

Masculine (grammar)- Masculine gender (Latin masculinum) is a gramme of the grammatical category of gender, meaning a class of words that includes the designations of men, often also male supernatural beings, male animals, etc. As in general with concordant classes ... Wikipedia

genus- a (y); m. 1. suggestion: about the family, in the family and in the family, in the family; pl.: childbirth, ov. The main community of people of primitive society, representing the union of large families that are related. Elder of the family. 2. suggestion: about the genus, in the genus and in the genus, on ... encyclopedic Dictionary

MALE- MALE, masculine, masculine. adj. to a man. Male. Men's suit. Men's company. Male society. Male staff. || Characterizing a man, peculiar to a man. Male mind. male agility). ❖ Masculine gender (gram.) see gender. ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

genus- genus. In the meaning "a series of generations descended from one ancestor" genus. genus and genus, proposition. about the genus, in the genus, in (on) the genus; pl. childbirth, childbirth. From generation to generation. No clan, no tribe. It is written in kind. in the Tolstoy family. Ancient noble families. In meaning… … Dictionary of pronunciation and stress difficulties in modern Russian

genus- a (y), m. 1. (proposals about the gender, in the gender and in the gender, in the gender, many genera). The main productive cell of primitive society is a group of people descended from one common ancestor, connected by ties of blood relationship. Genus is the basis of social order ... ... Small Academic Dictionary

Books

• Rhode Island Blues, Weldon Fay. Faye Weldon is sometimes referred to as the modern day Jane Austen. Continuing the classic tradition of the women's novel, Weldon entered literature in the mid-60s and since then, in addition to plays and screenplays, has released ... Buy for 375 rubles
• Male gender. First person. Singular (Diaries of D. I. Lukichev and D. P. Bespalov), D. I. Lukichev. The purpose of this publication is to introduce the reader to the inner world of two men, which they opened with their diaries. The published peasant diaries are unique. First, because they...