How to make a participle turnover. Participle and participle turnover - examples and rules

As many people know, the adverbial turnover has the meaning of an additional predicate, therefore it is isolated, highlighted by commas. This usually does not cause difficulties for students. However, there are cases when the adverbial turnover does not need to be separated. We will now consider these cases in more detail.

1. Participle turnover(most often this is a turnover with the meaning of the circumstance of the mode of action) does not mean an additional action, but on the contrary, being closely connected with the predicate, it itself becomes the semantic center of the statement. In this case, it cannot be removed or moved without distorting or losing the meaning of the sentence.

He stood with his neck slightly stretched out, sad and thoughtful.(the main thing is that he did not just stand, but stood with his neck slightly stretched out).

She usually read with her head tilted and the tip of her tongue stuck out.(meaning how she read, not what she read at all).

This exercise must be done while sitting on the floor.(meaning in exactly how this exercise is performed).

2. The adverbial turnover is a phraseological unit.

The boy hurried headlong to call rescuers for help.

The printers worked tirelessly.

After receiving the news, the girl spent the night without closing her eyes.

Here are some of these phraseological units: sleeveless, barely catching his breath, screaming without taking a breath, rushing with his tongue hanging out, lying staring at the ceiling, sitting with bated breath, working with his sleeves rolled up, rushing about without remembering himself, listening with his ears hanging out others.

Some adverbial phraseological combinations act as introductory ones, then they are isolated.

In all honesty, the exercise could have been done much better.

Apparently, you can already go on the road.

3. When before participle turnover there is an amplifying particle I.

It was possible to report this without starting to quarrel.

A humble person remains humble even after defeating a strong enemy.

You can go home without waiting for the result of the exam.

4. If the adverbial turnover is broken by the word, which is part of a subordinate clause or in a simple sentence. This usually applies to relative attributive clauses with an allied word which. Similar cases can also be found in some poetic texts.

To the left was a door, leaving through which it was possible to get into the dressing room.

Yesterday, a new film by Jim Jarmusch came out on the screen, after watching it it is not difficult to understand his creative growth.

Perched on the spruce tree, Crow was about to have breakfast, but she thought about it ... (I. A. Krylov).

But Shibanov, keeping his slavish loyalty, gives his horse to the governor (A. K. Tolstoy).

5. The participle may lose its verb meaning , then it is not separated by commas. Usually in such cases it can be omitted without affecting the meaning of the sentence.

The post office is located not reaching Vosstaniya Square.

Universities accept applicants under the new rules since the end of last year

You can start the task from tomorrow (the word starting can be omitted, the structure and meaning of the sentence will not change).

However, if the turnover with the word beginning is not related to the concept of time or serves to clarify, explain, then it separates.

Everything seemed suspicious to us, starting with his intonation

The captain, starting from the Crimean War, participated in all military operations, except for the Japanese(the word starting cannot be omitted, the structure and meaning of the sentence will change).

Turnovers based and according to in most cases they are not included in the adverbial construction and are not isolated.

The task is based on your wishes.

We will act according to the circumstances.

6. The adverbial turnover acts together with the usual non-isolated circumstance and they are homogeneous. In this case, the adverbial turnover is not separated by commas.

We will teach you how to solve examples and problems with ease and without resorting to reference books.

The boy ran quickly and did not look back.

The lieutenant answered inoenomu and not embarrassed.

However, in this case, isolation is possible if the author wants to put a semantic emphasis or give a passing explanation.

A little guilty and sobbing, mother psaid goodbye to Alyosha.

In the dark sky, wearily and not sparkling, little yellow droplets of stars appeared. (M. Gorky).

As you can see, not everything is simple with punctuation marks in the adverbial turnover, but we hope our explanations helped you. If something is not entirely clear, you will always find help from our tutors!

Good luck to you and a beautiful, competent, understandable Russian language!

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Participial turnover

AT syntactic style : semi-predicative isolated turnover with the main member - gerund. Formally and grammatically, the gerund adjoins the predicate (usually the conjugated form of the verb), and in meaning it also refers to the subject, naming or procedural sign of the subject, additional in relation to the sign named in the predicate ( Petya spoke, carefully peering into her face.), or an action characterizing the action named in the predicate ( Having said everything, Lena could not calm down for a long time.), or the state of the subject accompanying the action named in the predicate ( He stood with his head down). Before. the first two types are correlative with subordinate clauses, that is, they have parallel syntactic constructions: cf. When Petya spoke, he carefully peered into her face.; Lena could not calm down for a long time after she expressed everything. In the subordinate parts of complex sentences, the predicate, corresponding in meaning to the gerund, but expressed by the conjugated form of the verb, emphasizes the action, enhances the meaning of its subject, conjunctions clarify the nature of the connection. subordinate clauses in comparison with d.o. seem more significant, the latter formulate the idea more economically, but give the speech a book coloring. Before. of the third type do not correlate with other syntactic constructions. typical speech error is an independent adverbial turnover (*When I heard this, my legs literally buckled.- the subject of the action is expressed by the form of the genitive case; Working with us, you are guaranteed success- the subject of the action is expressed in the dative case; Knowing his behavior, I am surprised by his act- the subject is expressed in the form of the accusative case; Sitting at the window, a terrible picture opened up in front of me; The book was written by me in good mood - the subject of the action is expressed by the form instrumental; Thinking about it, the mind goes beyond the mind- the semantic subject of the action is expressed metonymically; After reading the document, the dream vanished- the semantic subject is not expressed at all).

Educational dictionary of stylistic terms. - Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk State University. O. N. Laguta. 1999

See what "participle turnover" is in other dictionaries:

participial turnover- A turnover consisting of a participle and words dependent on it. From time to time, light ripples ran along the river from the wind, sparkling in the sun (Korolenko). The adverbial turnover indicates the action related to the subject of this sentence. Dating... ...

participial turnover- 1) A syntactic construction containing a gerund and dependent words. 2) One of stylistic means, common in book styles of speech, in particular, in scientific speech. For example: Moreover, knowing this, you can also compose ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

TURNOVER- turnover, m. 1. Full circle of rotation, roundabout. Wheel turnover. The shaft makes 20 revolutions per minute. || Moving back and forth, returning to the starting point. Accelerate the turnover of wagons. 2. A single stage, a complete process in a sequential ... ... Dictionary Ushakov

turnover- Same as construction. Participial turnover. Infinitive turnover. Participial … Dictionary of linguistic terms

TURNOVER- TURN, ah, husband. 1. see wrap, sya, turn, turn, turn, sya. 2. Use, use. Let in about. commemorative coin. Went into Fr. new word. 3. A separate part, a separate link, a stage of what n. activities, the development of which n ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

turnover- a; m. see also. reversible, turnover 1) a) Full circle of rotation; circular turn. Rev/t wheels. The number of revolutions per minute. Turn the key two turns... Dictionary of many expressions

turnover- a; m. 1. Full circle of rotation; circular turn. O. wheels. The number of revolutions per minute. Turn the key two turns. // Spec. Flipping from one side to the other, reverse. Plowing with seam turnover. // pl.: revolutions, ov. Specialist. unfold O… … encyclopedic Dictionary

participle- see gerund; oh, oh. A gerund / participle (a circumstance expressed by a gerund with words that depend on it) ... Dictionary of many expressions

Separate circumstances

Separate circumstances- 1. The participial turnover, as a rule, is isolated regardless of the place it occupies in relation to the predicate verb, for example: Walking next to him, she was silent, looked at him with curiosity and surprise (Bitter); The joy of entering into one... A guide to spelling and style

Books

A set of tables. Russian language. Morphology. 15 tables, . Educational album of 15 sheets. Art. 5-8681-015. Morphological analysis words as parts of speech. Selection morphological features nouns and adjectives by comparison.… Buy for 3480 rubles
A set of tables. Russian language. Communion and participle. 12 tables + methodology, . Educational album of 12 sheets. Participle as a special form of the verb. Participial. Valid and passive participles. NOT with participles. Н and НН in the suffixes of passive participles ...

A participle turnover is a participle with dependent words. It is used to add an action that is not the main one, but also has a value. The participial turnover always refers to the predicate verb and is emphasized as a circumstance. It turns out that the subject performs both the action of the turnover and the action of the predicate.

Example: Having completed his story, Mikhail immediately sent a letter to the editor.

Mikhail did two things at once: he finished the story and sent the letter. The main action is the second, therefore the first is transformed into the form of a participial turnover.

Punctuation marks in participial turnover

The adverbial turnover, like the single adverbial participle, is separated by a comma. It can stand in any part of the sentence: at the beginning, at the end, and in the middle. From this, the setting of the signs does not change.

I jumped off the tree and ran home.
My father paused, looking at me, and sighed heavily.
Masha started up when she heard rustling behind her.

Rules for compiling a sentence with adverbial turnover

The participle turnover is used only when it denotes an additional action of the same person as the main verb.

Example: Valentina Stepanovna entered the room, closing the door behind her. (Main action - went into the room, additional - closed the door)

You cannot use a participial turnover if its action is performed by a person other than the one who performs the main action.

Example: Looking at the picture, I liked the jug and the vase.

Important! In such sentences, you can correct the error if you convert them.

Example: While viewing the picture, I liked the jug and the vase.

The adverbial turnover is always distinguished by a comma, unless it is a phraseological unit.

Example: Andrey worked on the project carelessly.

Examples of adverbial phrases in fiction

He walked slowly, but with large steps, slightly propped up by a long and thin stick. (I.S. Turgenev, "Notes of a hunter")
The dog was dozing with its head resting on its front paws. (M.N. Bulgakov, "Heart of a Dog")
Finding nothing, he stood up and took a deep breath. (F.M. Dostoevsky, "Crime and Punishment")

An additional action performed by a pronoun or noun in Russian is called a participle turnover. The article contains the rules for writing it in a sentence, exceptions to the rules, as well as various options use of adverbial turnover.

What is a participle in Russian?

Participial turnover- This is a speech construction consisting of a gerund and words dependent on it. The adverbial phrase indicates an additional action that is performed by a noun or pronoun (represented by the subject in the sentence), and usually refers to a verb (predicate). Answers the questions - What do you do? Having done what?

Suggestion example: Without opening your eyes I enjoyed the morning birdsong.

The green line underlines the adverbial turnover, and the red line - the verb-predicate to which it refers.

The participle as a part of speech, as well as the rules for using participles, are studied in the 7th grade.

What is an adverbial phrase in a sentence?

As a rule, in a sentence, the adverbial turnover performs syntactic role circumstances and separated by commas.

Examples:
Smoke, enveloping houses, went up (rose up - how? - enveloping houses).
I take notes while reading a book (I make notes - when? - while reading a book).
I thought problem solving (thinking - when? - solving the problem).

Simple sentences with adverbial phrases are usually called sentences with a complicated isolated circumstance.

Spelling of adverbial turnover

In sentences, the adverbial turnover is distinguished by commas on both sides (separated) regardless of the position it is in relative to the verb-predicate. In addition, adverbial phrases in a sentence are always separated from conjunctions by commas.

Examples:
I took the book going to closet.
drinking water I quenched my thirst.
We have worked hard and done with business decided to take a break.

Exception. If the adverbial turnover is a phraseological unit, then in the sentence it is not separated by commas. Examples: I ran headlong. They work slipshod.

Note! The adverbial turnover is used only in cases where it denotes an additional action of the same person (object, phenomenon) as the main verb. In other cases, the adverbial turnover is not used. An example of a violation when using a participial turnover: Choosing fruits, I liked red apples(subject - apples, predicate - liked, participial turnover choosing fruit semantically refers to minor member suggestions to me).

Sentence examples

He ran out slamming the door behind you.
Driver, noticing a traffic light, pressed the brake pedal.
Be sure to follow practical tasks, preparing for the exam.
Resting in the forest, remember about fire safety.
Buying products you should look at the expiration date.

Example misuse adverbial turnover:

Approaching the apartment, rustles were heard outside the door.

The main action is performed by rustles (rustles were heard). But the action of the adverbial turnover (Going up to the apartment) is directed to another object (for example, he or I).

Participles are one of the most difficult topics in the Russian language. Many cannot even see the error in constructing a sentence with a gerund and participle.

I'll tell you a secret, even great writers made these mistakes in gerunds; rather, errors in the use of the gerund in a sentence. Want to write better than some famous writers? Then read this article.

To start, some definitions

These are not official definitions, they are given only so that you understand what I mean by this or that word. What is a sentence member, what is a part of speech, and what is neither one nor the other, is not important now.

Verb (predicate) - expresses the main action. Answers the question: What does it do? (did, will do, etc.).
The subject (subject) performs this main action. Answers the question: Who? Or What?
The participle - denotes an additional action that performs (attention!) THE SAME SUBJECT. Answers the questions: Doing what? Having done what? The participle is formed from verbs, so we can always easily turn it back into a verb. For example, walking - walking, smiling - smiling.

Note! This is extremely important: the same subject performs both the main (verb) and additional (participle) action within the framework of one simple sentence.

And a rule that will help you see violations in the construction of a sentence with a gerund and participle:

In other words,

The verb and participle in the same sentence must refer to the same subject.

Do you understand? If a frog is already sitting, then it also winks:

Winking slyly, a frog was sitting on the path.

It's all. If you understand this, the lesson is over. But still, check yourself with the suggestions below.

For those who do not understand, I want to help hear the music of sentences that use the gerund. Then you will see. Then you will start to warp from incorrectly composed phrases, like from false notes.

Most often, mistakes are made when the author himself does not clearly understand what or who is the subject of actions. So let's start training this understanding. I propose to practice like this: below I will give sentences with adverbial phrases and ask them to parse them according to the following scheme:

More parsing examples:
IMAGINING MYSELF A POET, I SING NON-CORRECT SONGS (Tasha Sun).

1. Main action: sang.

2. Who sang? - I.
3. Additional action: imagining. What else did I do? - imagined.

4. 1) I sang and 2) I imagined

5. Everything seems to be logical.

“WHILE APPROACHING TO THIS STATION AND LOOKING AT THE NATURE OUT THE WINDOW, MY HAT FLEW OFF. I. Yarmonkin "(A.P. Chekhov)

1. Main action: flew off.

2. What flew off? - Hat.

3. Additional action: Driving up and looking. What else did the hat do? - drove up and looked.

4. Two simple sentences with one subject: 1) The hat fell off. 2) The hat drove up and looked.

5. What's wrong with her? 🙂

I hope this will amuse you.

And here are examples of sentences with participles and participles:

1. Having said this, he went out.
2. The car, having raced, left a lot of smoke.
3. Entering the room, we can see a luxurious office.
4. Reading a lot of texts, I began to notice ...
5. Sliding on the morning snow, dear friend, let's indulge in running ...
6. Having overcome resistance, an incredible breakthrough awaits you in all areas.
7. Having bought a ticket, you have a chance to win a trip to the sea!
8. (I could not make an appointment at all.) And finally, having made an appointment, they called me back.
9. Desiring an increase in the flow of money, this is done to the detriment of other components of this energy, such as: luck, luck and health.
10. Putting on a dress, it sat down, as if sewn according to patterns.
11. Violating the instructions, the efficiency of your work drops significantly.