How to prepare for the exam history p. How to prepare for the exam in history? Exam features, requirements and recommendations

Hi guys! To many, history seems like an easy discipline. It seems that you can prepare for the exam on your own. But the main mistake is to underestimate the difficulty of choosing history as the exam. So where to start preparing for the exam in history in order to successfully pass the test?

We will help you prepare for the exam and the exam

Preparation for the exam: history - theory

The exam includes three blocks:

A1-A21 - tests with 4 options, where only one answer is correct.
B1-B13 - in the tasks you should find the correct option, correspondence, sequence of events or give a short answer in any form.
С1-С9 - essay.

To earn the maximum score, you need to score 30 primary points.

Materials for preparing for the exam in history

Full preparation for the delivery of history involves the "reading" of the material , but using different sources. Indeed, in the tasks of the second block, it is necessary to determine the period, ruler, main events, and then argue your position. And since there are many controversial facts and views of historians on the same event in history, it is better to voice different theories and express your own opinion.

You can't limit yourself to just school materials. To develop a theoretical base, use additional literature. This will help a lot with the implementation of the third block of the exam. After all, in each event it is necessary to highlight the positive and negative sides in order to convey an objective, holistic picture.

Exam preparation plan in history

The history of Russia is easier to study according to plan. Need to know:

dates
historical personalities;
cards;
cultural concepts;
terms.

Starting preparation from scratch, make a tablet: century, ruler, his course of government (internal and external). Take one more column for terms, the next - for the selection of contemporaries. Such a structured presentation contains brief, basic information, it is easy to perceive visually and, accordingly, to reproduce.

Reference books for preparing for the exam in history

enough today good guides in order to prepare for the surrender of history. But many teachers advise choosing Baranov's reference book . It outlines the course of the history of Russia with individual facts from world history. The structure corresponds to the content of the tasks in the exam and consists of sections devoted to ancient times and the Middle Ages, modern times and recent history. The presentation form is logical and structured with the help of tables and diagrams for easy memorization of a large amount of material, understanding of relationships. At the end of the sections, examples of tasks and answers are given, a variant of self-assessment studied according to the USE format.

Benefits for preparing for the exam in history

School textbooks will greatly help in exam preparation. For example, it is worth highlighting benefits for grades 6-9. A. Danilov, which are written in an accessible and plain language, with a detailed presentation of the material. The text visually highlights the main concepts, dates and persons. Each paragraph is accompanied by an illustration and a list of terms. For a deeper study of history, university textbooks are suitable. For example, the textbooks of Sakharov, Pavlenko, Shchagin.

Books for preparing for the exam in history

Many find it difficult to theory and memorize historical facts. But even here, as it is not trite, books will help. Historical literature is much easier to perceive and remember when events are intertwined with the fate of personalities. Therefore, if you have problem periods that are difficult to come by, further study them through fiction.

Courses to prepare for the exam in history

Of course, independent preparation for the exam is more difficult and not always effective, since not every graduate can organize himself. Therefore, it is better to choose courses , especially if the preparation starts from scratch. It is worth starting in the fall, and not in the spring, as most applicants do. In six months you will have a complete historical picture, and for the remaining three months you will work out test tasks.

Useful and guiding, helps to understand complex topics, teaches you how to write essays, argue your position, present facts in chronological order.

Video lessons to prepare for the exam in history

To alternate book learning with courses or private lessons, you can independently watch video tutorials on history. This is recommended for complex topics that are difficult to give with the same type of presentation, or for consolidating the material covered and self-control.

Rest can also be beneficial. For example, watching historical films: "War and Peace", "Peter's Youth", etc.

Methods for preparing for the exam in history

Preparation for the exam in history 2018-2019 is, first of all, , theory. It’s worth starting from chronology, that is, remembering the main historical events in correct sequence. This is the most difficult task. After all, there are a lot of dates. But experts advise such a memorization technique. For example, in the X century there were many events : The Russian-Byzantine war of 907, the rebellion of the Drevlyans, the reformation of paganism by Vladimir, the baptism of Russia, etc. First you need to remember that all this happened in the 10th century. Then place the personalities in the order of their reign: Oleg, Igor, Olga, Svyatoslav, Vladimir. Next, “attach” an event to each person. Such a step-by-step technique will make it easy to learn the chronological sequence.

Before the beginning conducting the exam there are about three months left in Russia, and therefore, those who have not yet begun to prepare for the exam should hurry up. According to statistics for the past year, the Unified State Examination in the history of Russia passes quite a large number of graduates who want to go on to higher education humanitarian direction. But do not forget that the history of Russia is a very extensive material, which is sometimes interpreted differently in various textbooks or manuals. Therefore, it is best to prepare for passing the exam in history, use textbooks recommended by FIPI, the official website: http://www.fipi.ru/ and an open bank of tasks: http://www.fipi.ru/content/otkrytyy-bank-zadaniy-ege

How to prepare for the exam in the history of Russia

There are several ways to prepare for the history exam:

Register in advance for training courses, which are necessarily held in various higher educational institutions. In these courses, the graduate will receive the necessary amount of required knowledge, which, of course, will help him successfully write and pass the exam. Also, upon admission to a university that conducts preparatory courses, additional points will be awarded to the total number of points in the USE
When preparing for the exam in history, you can use the services of private tutors who will deal with the graduate individually. With this method of preparation, it is worth taking a responsible approach to choosing a tutor
You can thoroughly prepare for the exam in the history of Russia on your own. However, the main condition successful preparation is the desire and perseverance of the graduate

How to independently prepare for the exam in the history of Russia. Helpful Hints

The volume of questions and assignments for the Unified State Examination on the history of Russia is quite extensive and includes questions not only for the final grades, but also questions related to the material of the 5th and 6th grades. Therefore, for a successful self-study for the Unified State Exam in the history of Russia in 2015, the graduate is required to:

Motivation for success
Possession basic knowledge stories
Closing gaps in knowledge
Systematization and repetition of the studied material

So, if you are sure of success, then to achieve an excellent result, it remains only to use our recommendations:

It is recommended to work through the assignments of previous years, which you will find here and the test assignments of 2015 in online mode here. Thanks to this work, you will be able to understand the structure of tasks and assess your level of knowledge, as well as analyze and evaluate your level of preparation.

It is necessary to make a plan for repetition and study educational material, according to which to proceed with the repetition and study of the necessary material
Be sure to keep a chronological table in which key dates, historical events, and names should be recorded. historical figures. These notes will serve as hints and will provide an opportunity to quickly review the studied material.
It is advisable to pass a trial written test of the Unified State Examination of the History of Russia in 2015. Firstly, testing will show gaps in knowledge, and secondly, it will provide psychological support to the graduate
Reading is recommended to improve your knowledge. historical books and watching documentary historical films, thanks to which the graduate will gain a deeper understanding of historical moments in the development of Russia
A week before passing the exam in the history of Russia, it is recommended to repeat the material until the 18th century - tests here, and then 19-20 centuries - tests here and at http://opengia.ru/subjects/history-11/topics/3). And the day before the exam, you should review all the material using your chronological notes.

Remember! Written answers to the exam should be clear, understandable and concise, but at the same time revealing the essence of the task.

Today, many graduates high school prefer to choose such a subject as "History" for passing the exam. Anyone who believes that this is an easy subject to understand and pass is deeply mistaken. Nevertheless, if you have made your choice, then you need to know what are the main points of self-preparation for the exam in history from scratch.

The main mistakes of graduates

In the process of preparing for the history exam, students often find that it is enough for them to read necessary material about this or that historical event to understand everything. This is a common mistake, because in the process of reading a person does not know what to pay attention to more and what less. Memory is not able to contain all the information.

Many, relying on their performance, believe that they will be able to master the material a week before passing the exam. You should not delude yourself. Understanding of history can come only with the systematic study of the new, the repetition of the old and the constant monitoring of the acquired knowledge.

Most students think that when reading textbooks they will remember all the dates and historical terms. Few people succeed in this, since the amount of information is huge. There is no need to try to remember absolutely everything, a normal person cannot do this.

If you start preparing for the exam only from the beginning of grade 11 in chronological order, then before the exam you may not have time to master everything, and even more so to solve the tests. Therefore, with a short preparation time, it is better to move away from the chronology in mastering the material.

Consider two options for preparing for the exam in history: starting from grade 10 and starting from grade 11. The main factor here is the preparation time. Based on this, a strategy is built in each of the cases.

Preparing for the exam in history from grade 10

When preparing for the exam in advance, that is, starting from the 10th grade, you will have enough time to study the material qualitatively and control your knowledge. For this reason, you need to study the material in chronological order. First studied Old Russian state, then the Middle Ages, New time, and only then the present. Having studied the relevant period, you need to thoroughly pass tests on this topic. It is necessary to be tested until stable positive results are obtained. Only then should you move on to the next period.

The very preparation on the topic begins with the study of abstracts, manuals and maps. First, you should study the notes in notebooks. Then the same material must be read in the textbook and other manuals with reference to the map. Information that was missing from the notes should be noted. Then, on paper, you need to write a plan for everything studied. It should be concise and include paragraphs and subparagraphs for which it is easy to verbally reproduce all the information received. This approach guarantees the formation of persistent knowledge, since a large number of brain regions are involved for memorization.

Preparing for the exam in history from grade 11

When preparing from grade 11, there is no time for chronological study of the material, so you need to study it in blocks. For example, choosing the “Wars” block, you need to study all the military conflicts in Russia according to the following scheme: the prerequisites for the war, its causes, what was the reason, the main events and outcomes of the conflict. Must use visual aids and cards. In the same way, we approach the study of other blocks " Foreign policy", "Culture and art", " Serfdom" etc. After each block, you need to solve tests until a persistent positive result. This approach does not allow studying absolutely all topics of the history course, but gives confidence in the successful passing of the exam. It is enough to choose a few basic topics that are most often found in tests.

It must be remembered that the main thing is not memorizing all the material, but its competent systematization! Therefore, the entire amount of knowledge gained must be placed on a chronological scale with dates. This will allow you to better navigate the historical events.

How to prepare for the exam in history?

G one will fly by unnoticed, and in the head there is only fragmentary knowledge about individual facts and names, so if you decide to take the exam in history, you need serious preparation during the year. Starting to prepare, it is important from the very beginning to properly allocate time and effort.

Preparation should not consist in simply reading manuals or textbooks. We need not only theoretical training, it is sometimes not enough, but also practical - ability to perform specific examination tasks. And here the main help will be provided by typical USE assignments, which are abundant on the web and bookstores. The most reliable option is to take materials from the official FIPI website (http://www1.ege.edu.ru/), where demo options tests from previous years. You can also take a trial test online.

There are two preparation options available.

First option.

Thoroughly work out historical material according to a certain historical period or one topic.

Preparation for each question should begin with an introductory (viewing) reading of the corresponding chapter or paragraph of the manual, textbook. In the reference literature, clarify the definitions of terms, write out the obligatory dates for remembering on a separate sheet. Then it is necessary to proceed to a thorough study of the content of the manual: underline individual thoughts and fragments with a pencil, highlight the most important thing with various icons. If any issue is covered in the manual insufficiently or confusingly, then you should turn to other sources of information.

After such a deep acquaintance, it is best to create various tables, charts, maps. In any case, your notes should represent a consistent development of thought, and not a chaotic heap of extracts. It is best to keep them on separate sheets of paper with large margins (remarks, corrections, additions, material for answering additional questions of examiners that are not included in the main text are placed on them). According to this summary, you can quickly restore the content of the answer on the eve of the exam. In addition, writing a summary of the answer sharpens the logic of its construction, separate formulations, accustoms to the clarity of thought, highlights the gaps. Yes, and the material is remembered much better.

Second option.

Armed with textbooks and sample tests, you can begin to prepare. You can make it a rule to work through one entire test every day, be sure to check your own options with the proposed answers.

And finally, before you choose the most suitable option preparation for the exam, I advise you to watch the video consultations of the consultant Ph.D. Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History of Pre-Revolutionary Russia, PetrSU Ruzhinskaya Irina Nikolaevna. Of the many different presentations, I especially liked these.

There are always so many dates, names and events in history that just head goes around. Try to make flashcards to remember a lot of information. Mnemonic tricks are another great way to remember data that allows you to slightly diversify the boring preparation process. In addition to stating facts, it is also necessary to learn how to compare information and draw conclusions. In each lesson, take notes, make notes, diagrams and graphs to fix broad topics. When preparing for an exam, try to study a little each day, rather than cramming last moment rest and eat right.

Steps

How to remember information

Make cards with key concepts, names and dates. When preparing for a history exam, there are many dates, names, events, and other facts to memorize. Browse all notes and textbooks to choose keywords. Make a list and make cards. Write the word on one side and the definition or explanation on the other.

If you find it difficult to make a list, then ask the teacher to determine the key dates, personalities and events that will be in the questions on the exam.

Speak information aloud when making or reading notes. If you see, speak, hear and touch the subject, the brain will establish stronger connections and better remember the data. Read the textbook aloud and say the text as you make word cards.
- You can also record your voice while you work. Listen to the recordings and follow the text from the textbook or flashcards.
Memorize facts using mnemonics. Remembering facts is boring, but simple and quick mnemonic methods will help to diversify the work. Among other things, they help to remember important information better.

How to connect the facts into a single picture
1. Read the curriculum and look for overlapping topics. A curriculum is a document that contains a list of topics for each lesson and a list of readings. If you view all titles, lesson plans, and other specified information, it is easier to understand how different topics intersect in this course.
  - Ask yourself: “How are all the facts and personalities organized in the program? Do the points of the plans contain clues or provide answers to important questions? How are the individual topics of the lessons related?
2. Analyze the information and make brief summary or plan. Create a study guide or plan that displays the information and organization of data from the curriculum. Use the syllabus as a blueprint to get a guide that will help you prepare well for your exam.
  - No need to mechanically rewrite the abstract, otherwise tutorial will turn out to be useless. It is important to identify the main themes and key facts that need to be systematized.
  - For example, to organize lectures on World War I, make a list of countries that took part in it (including rulers). List the causes of conflicts below. Finally, list important battles and dates, temporary truces, and final results.
3. Create a diagram or map of relationships between facts. When preparing for a history exam, it is the diagrams, maps and tables that will become the best way visualize the material. In addition to convenience, visual cues like timelines, family trees, and charts will help you see the big picture.
  - For example, a family tree and timelines will help you explore all Russian tsars and years of their reign.
4. Ask your teacher for help. The teacher is your main assistant! Always ask if you don't know how to properly answer a question.
  - For example, find out the format of the exam, the main points of each lesson, and key facts.
How to choose a training strategy
1. Study the material in a timely manner. Start preparing in advance, because you can’t learn everything in one night. Review your notes and lesson notes every time you complete homework. Before control work you can prepare more intensively, but you will already have a solid foundation. It is enough just to repeat the material covered.
2. Find out the format of the exam. Try to find out how the exam will take place. Knowledge testing can be oral, written and in the form of tests.
  - When preparing for tests, you need to remember dates, events and definitions well, so you should use flashcards.
  - If the exam is conducted in the format of written answers to questions, then it is important to analyze and compare historical facts, as well as understanding various interpretations events.
3. Try to anticipate questions. Put yourself in the teacher's shoes and try to make up potential questions. Practice giving oral or written answers, and check yourself against the information on the cards.
  - It is convenient to work in groups to work out the questions, since each participant will create a series of questions and will be able to check the rest.
4. Take practice exams. If you are studying for a school exam, then prepare questions and cooperate with other classmates or ask relatives to test you. In preparation for the entrance exam, you can take mock exams at the university or learn last year's exam questions from current students.
  - Try looking for tips, answers to questions, and more. useful information in the Internet. Also on the network you can find tests on specific topics to test your own knowledge.
5. Before the exam, it is important to sleep well and eat well. No need to study late the night before the exam. Try to lie in regular time, relax and sleep well. Eat a nutritious breakfast in the morning and lunch if the exam is held in the late afternoon.
  - If you feel like you still need to prepare, then review your plans and repeat all the facts. Try not to worry and stay confident.