Guidelines for the use of bactericidal lamps for the disinfection of air and surfaces in rooms. Legislative base of the Russian Federation

The disinfection mode depends on the power of the irradiator, the volume of the room, the criteria for the effectiveness of disinfection, due to the functional purpose of the room, and is determined in accordance with " Guidelines by application germicidal lamps for disinfection of air and surfaces”, approved by the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of the Russian Federation on February 28, 1995.

Open (unshielded) bactericidal lamps are used only in the absence of people in the breaks between work, at night or at a specially allotted time - for example, 1-2 hours before the start of aseptic work. The minimum exposure time is 15-20 minutes.

Switches for open lamps should be placed in front of the entrance to the room and equipped with a signal inscription "Do not enter, the bactericidal irradiator is on." It is PROHIBITED to keep people in rooms where unshielded lamps are switched on. Entry into the room is allowed only after the lamp is turned off, and a long stay in specified room– 15 minutes after shutdown.

Screened germicidal lamps can work up to 8 hours a day. It is more rational to irradiate 3-4 times a day for 1.5-2 hours with breaks to ventilate the room for 30-60 minutes, since ozone and nitrogen oxides are formed during the operation of the lamp, causing irritation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. AT last years ozone-free germicidal lamps have been created, which is achieved through the use of special quartz glass that does not transmit UV radiation shorter than 200 nm, which causes the formation of ozone.

Irradiation of air with PRK lamps is carried out for 30 minutes several times a day with intervals used to ventilate the room.

It is necessary to take into account the duration of each irradiator in a special log, fixing the time the lamp is turned on and off. Expired germicidal lamps must not be used. The average service life of a BUV bactericidal lamp is 1500 hours, of PRK lamps - 800 hours.

Strict observance of the mode of use of bactericidal lamps is important, since the boundary between the conditions of the positive bactericidal effect of UV irradiation and the negative one associated with the selection of resistant microflora under weak exposure to UV rays is not clear enough.

UV rays are effective at a distance of no more than 2 meters and at a relative humidity of 40 to 70%, with more high humidity their bactericidal action is reduced. On dark surfaces treated with UV rays, 10–20% more microbes remain than on light surfaces under the same conditions. In the shade, such as under a table top or on the back of an instrument, UV radiation has no effect.

Mistakes with negative epidemiological consequences include:

Failure to comply with prescribed exposure regimes;

Non-compliance of the type (open, closed) and the number of irradiators with the needs of sanitation of the premises;

Not taking into account the "age" of the lamps, as it increases, their bactericidal activity is significantly reduced;

Surface contamination of lamps;

- "exaggerated expectation" of the effectiveness of ultraviolet irradiators, contributing to the neglect of other equally reliable methods of sanitation of premises - ventilation, cleaning, treatment with chemical disinfectants, increasing the efficiency of ventilation.

To assess the bactericidal effectiveness of specific irradiators, a bacteriological examination of air and washings from surfaces before and after irradiation is carried out. Sanitation is considered effective if, after irradiation, the number of microorganisms in 1 m³ of air has decreased by 80% or more.

Questions for self-control

1. The causative agents of what diseases can be spread through the air, by aerogenic means?

2. What phase of microbial aerosol is the most dangerous in epidemiological terms?

3. What can serve as a source of air pollution in pharmacies by microorganisms?

4. The main factors in the transmission of pathogens from a sick person to a healthy person or to a drug.

5. Norms of microbial air pollution in pharmacies.

6. Modern methods air bacterial research.

7. What area ultraviolet radiation does it have a bactericidal effect?

8. What is the mechanism of bactericidal action ultraviolet rays?

9. In which pharmacy premises should bactericidal irradiators be installed?

11. What germicidal lamps can be turned on in the presence of people?

12. What is the average service life of a BUV germicidal lamp?

Calculation of the time of disinfection of the room.

Buyers often ask the question, how often and how much time should be spent on decontaminating the premises? Here is a table that will help you navigate this issue the first time. And then you will choose for yourself a convenient mode of operation of the devices.This table is compiled based on the recommendations of the product manufacturers, as well as on the basis of the experience of our customers.

Device type	Instrument name	Area with ceiling heights up to 3 meters	Operating time of the device in minutes
Open	Crystal irradiator	Up to 20 sq.m.
Open	Generis 2x15 W	Up to 20 sq.m.
Open	Generis 4x15 W	Up to 20 sq.m.
with screen	OBN 1-15 or OBN-35 Azov	Up to 20 sq.m
Combined	OBN 2-15	Up to 20 sq.m
Combined	OBN-150	Up to 20 sq.m
with screen	OBN-75 Azov	Up to 20 sq.m
recirculator	Crystal-2, Crystal-3	Up to 20 sq.m	40, 30
recirculator	OBR-15, OBR-30	Up to 20 sq.m	40,30
recirculator	RB-07, RB-06	Up to 20 sq.m	60,40
recirculator	Dezar 2, Dezar-3, Dezar-4	Up to 20 sq.m	80,60,60
with screen	Lamp UFO-LUCH	Up to 20 sq.m

In the autumn or spring, the most dangerous period, when epidemics of colds and other diseases most often spread in our climate zone, you should disinfect the premises at least twice, and preferably three times a day. At other times of the year, if you are healthy and for preventive purposes, you can reduce the number of decontaminations to two or even once a day. Some time after the start of using the device, you will develop your own mode of disinfection of premises that is convenient for you. Our regular customers themselves tell us how to most effectively disinfect an apartment or house.

After disinfection, ventilate the room. When recirculating lamps are working, it is enough to slightly open the window. If you have purchased a powerful quartz lamp and you have a “vest” apartment with a large hall, then to speed up disinfection, you can install an irradiator in this hall and the lamp will shine through all your rooms. And at the expense natural circulation air in the apartment (office) disinfection will cover even those corners of the room that do not penetrate direct ultraviolet rays.

In special difficult cases You can consult with our managers how best to start using the devices. And which mode to use in your particular case. You can order a quartz lamp around the clock through the basket on the site, and buy bactericidal irradiator You can from 10-00 to 20-00 in our store.

If you disinfect rooms with lamps high pressure(such as the Sun), then every 15 minutes you should turn off the device for 20 minutes, in order to continue disinfection again. If you follow this recommendation, then the devices will serve you for a long time and you will not need to change the working lamp often.

Recirculators such as OBR-15, Crystal-2 or Crystal-3 should be turned on 3 times a day for no more than an hour. However, you can stay indoors. During the operation of these devices, ozone is practically not emitted, so the window in the room can only be slightly opened.

The duration of the irradiator T min is determined from a simple formula:

T min \u003d V pom (m³) / Q region (m³ / hour) * 60 (minutes) + 2 minutes,

where V pom is the volume of the room, and Q reg. - performance of the irradiator. 2 minutes is the time for the UV lamp to enter the operating mode.

1. General Provisions.

1.1. The main task of the calculation is to determine, when performing a technical project, the number of irradiators () of an ultraviolet bactericidal installation that should be placed in the room, or lamps () in the exit chamber supply and exhaust ventilation in order to ensure a given level of bactericidal effectiveness.

1.2. It should be noted that the calculation is an estimate, therefore, at the stage of commissioning the ultraviolet bactericidal installation, it is allowed to adjust the calculation results based on the data obtained during testing for compliance with the requirements of sanitary and hygienic indicators, according to this manual.

1.3. To carry out the calculation, it is necessary to determine the initial data. First of all, the sources of obtaining initial data are: the medical and technical assignment for the design of an ultraviolet bactericidal installation, passports and instructions for bactericidal irradiators and lamps, as well as this manual.

1.4. The main initial data for the calculation are as follows.

1.4.2. Room dimensions (height h, m, floor area S, m2).

1.4.3. Type of microorganism.

1.4.4. Bactericidal efficacy (, %) and surface (, J / m 2) or volumetric (, J / m 3) doses (exposures) corresponding to the type of microorganism.

1.4.5. Type of bactericidal installation.

1.4.6. Productivity of supply and exhaust ventilation (, m 3 / h).

1.4.7. Decontamination conditions (in the presence or absence of people).

1.4.8. Object of disinfection (air or surface).

1.4.9. Irradiation mode (continuous or intermittent).

1.4.10. The duration of effective irradiation ( , h), at which the specified level of bactericidal effectiveness should be achieved.

1.4.11. Irradiator type, lamps and their parameters: efficiency (), bactericidal flux utilization factor (), total bactericidal lamp flux ( , W), bactericidal lamp flux ( , W), bactericidal irradiance at a distance of 1 m from the irradiator ( , W / m 2 ), irradiator power ( , W).

1.5. The initial data obtained make it possible to determine the number of irradiators in the room or lamps (in the outlet chamber of the supply and exhaust ventilation) of the bactericidal installation, depending on the task, using the equations given in this manual.

1.6. Examples of calculation of bactericidal installations.

Example 1. It is necessary to determine the number of open irradiators of the OBB 2×15 type in a bactericidal installation for air disinfection in the operating room in the absence of people. The initial data necessary for the calculation are summarized in the table.

	Designation	Parameter value	A source of information
Room dimensions	h, m		Medical and technical building
S, m 2
Type of microorganism	S. aureus	-	-"-
Room category	I	-	Section 5, tab. 3
Germicidal efficacy	, %	99,9	-"-
Volumetric dose	, J / m 3		-"-
germicidal flux lamp	, W	4,5	Passport for the irradiator
Number of lamps in the irradiator			-"-
		0,8	Section 6
Safety factor*		1,1	-"-
Irradiation mode	Repetitive short-term	-	Section 7
	, h	0,25	-"-

Using the given data, using formula (9), we determine required number irradiators OBB 2×15 for air disinfection in the operating room:

Example 2 It is necessary to determine the number of closed irradiators (recirculators) of the type OBN (R) 2×15 in a bactericidal installation for air disinfection in the operating room in the presence of people. The initial data necessary for the calculation are summarized in the table.

Table of initial data for calculation

Name and characteristics of the parameter	Designation	Parameter value	A source of information
Room dimensions	h, m		Medical and technical building
S, m 2
Type of microorganism	S. aureus	-	-"-
Room category	I	-	Section 5, tab. 3
Germicidal efficacy	, %	99,9	-"-
Volumetric dose	, J / m 3		-"-
germicidal flux lamp	, W	3,5	Passport for the irradiator
Number of lamps in the irradiator			-"-
Germicidal flow utilization rate		0,4	Section 6
Safety factor*		1,5	-"-
Irradiation mode	Repetitive short-term	-	Section 7
The duration of effective irradiation at which a given bactericidal efficacy is achieved	, h		-"-

Using the given data, using formula (9), we determine the required number irradiators OBN(P) 2×15 for air disinfection in the presence of people in the operating room:

Example 3 It is necessary to determine the number of open ceiling irradiators of the type OBNP 2 × 15-01 "VNIIMP-VITA" in a bactericidal installation for disinfecting the floor surface in the operating room in the absence of people. The initial data necessary for the calculation are summarized in the table.

Table of initial data for calculation

Name and characteristics of the parameter	Designation	Parameter value	A source of information
Room dimensions	h, m		Medical and technical building
S, m 2
Type of microorganism	S. aureus	-	-"-
Room category	I	-	Section 5, tab. 3
Germicidal efficacy	, %	99,9	-"-
Volumetric dose	, J / m 3		-"-
germicidal flux lamp	, W		Passport for the irradiator
Number of lamps in the irradiator			-"-
Germicidal flow utilization rate		0,7	Section 6
Safety factor*			-"-
Irradiation mode	Repetitive short-term	-	Section 7
The duration of effective irradiation at which a given bactericidal efficacy is achieved	, h	0,25	-"-

Using the given data, using formula (6), we determine the required number of irradiators OBNP 2 × 15-01 "VNIIMP-VITA" for disinfecting the floor in the operating room in the absence of people:

In this formula:

coefficient of use of the flux of irradiator lamps during surface irradiation (from Table 2, according to the value of the room index ).

Hence:

Example 4 It is necessary to determine the type of block with DBM 30 bactericidal lamps in the outlet chamber of the supply and exhaust ventilation in the ward of the traumatology department. The initial data necessary for the calculation are summarized in the table.

Initial data table

Name and characteristics of the parameter	Designation	Parameter value	A source of information
Room dimensions	h, m		Medical and technical building
S, m 2
Type of microorganism	S. aureus	-	-"-
Room category	I		Section 5, tab. 3
Germicidal efficacy	, %	-	-"-
Volumetric dose	, J / m 3		-"-
germicidal flux lamp	, W		Passport for the irradiator
Number of lamps in the irradiator			-"-
Germicidal flow utilization rate		0,9	Section 6
Safety factor*		1,5	-"-
Irradiation mode	Repetitive short-term	-	Section 7
The duration of effective irradiation at which a given bactericidal efficacy is achieved	, h	≤ 1	-"-

* The safety factor during calculations is set depending on the presence of factors that affect the decrease in efficiency (fluctuations in mains voltage, temperature changes environment, an increase in relative humidity of more than 80%, high dust content of the air). With a stable voltage in the network, room temperature, relative humidity up to 70% and dust content less than 1 mg/m 3 these factors can be neglected (section 6.3)

Using the given data, using formula (11), we determine the required number of lamps in the block:

In this formula, the performance of supply and exhaust ventilation is m 3 / h. In this case, the duration of effective irradiation at which the specified bactericidal effectiveness is achieved (see Section 7).

Consequently, of the existing blocks, the most satisfying the requirements is the block of the UBPV-12×30 - 300×400 type with 12 DBM 30 lamps.

What types of bactericidal irradiators are there?

There are the following types of ultraviolet irradiators:

• ORUB - Ultraviolet bactericidal irradiator-recirculator. This type of irradiators is designed for air disinfection in the presence of people. But such devices disinfect only the air. You can learn more about recirculators here.
• OBN(OBP) - bactericidal wall (ceiling) irradiator. Or in other words: irradiators open type. During the operation of such devices, it is strictly forbidden to be in the treated room, but open irradiators disinfect not only the air, but also the surfaces. detailed information about the difference between ORUB and OBN in our article.

Why do you need a bactericidal irradiator?

The bactericidal irradiator is intended for disinfection of air and/or surfaces in the room. The bactericidal action is provided by the use of bactericidal lamps in the irradiators.

How to choose a bactericidal ultraviolet irradiator?

To select an air irradiator, first of all, it is necessary to determine the type of device. There are two types of bactericidal irradiators: open and closed type. The first type is designed to disinfect both air and surfaces, but it is forbidden to be in the treated room during the operation of such devices. The second type is called a recirculator and can work in the presence of people, but it only disinfects the air.

Having decided on the type of device, it is necessary to calculate the volume of the room in accordance with the bactericidal effectiveness to be achieved. For example, the Dezar 4 recirculator processes a room up to 100 m3 in one hour with an efficiency of 99%.

How does a germicidal irradiator work?

The principle of operation of ultraviolet irradiators is the use of ultraviolet germicidal lamps. UV radiation from llamas has a detrimental effect on pathogenic microflora, destroying the DNA structure of viruses and bacteria. UV lamps can be located both in an open form (open-type irradiators) and in a closed case (recirculator irradiators).

Which irradiator is better quartz or bactericidal ultraviolet?

The quartz irradiator differs from the bactericidal irradiator only by the type of ultraviolet lamps installed in the device. In both cases, the UV lamp is an electric mercury discharge lamp designed to produce ultraviolet radiation. The main difference lies in the material of the lamp bulb. The bulb of a quartz lamp is made of quartz glass and transmits the full spectrum of ultraviolet radiation. The flask of the bactericidal lamp is made of uviol glass and provides a given spectrum of ultraviolet radiation transmission, preventing the release of hard ultraviolet radiation and the formation of ozone in the air.

Simply put: after treating the room with a bactericidal lamp, it is not necessary to ventilate the room, unlike a quartz lamp.

How to use a bactericidal irradiator?

Depending on the design, an open-type bactericidal irradiator (not to be confused with a recirculator) is placed either on the wall or on the ceiling. Wall models turn on by pressing just one button. After turning on the device, you must immediately leave the paving and do not allow people and animals there until the end of the procedure.

How is an irradiator different from a recirculator?

The irradiator (open type) is designed to disinfect both air and surfaces, but it is forbidden to be in the treated room during the operation of such devices. The recirculator (closed-type irradiator) can work in the presence of people, but at the same time it disinfects only the air.

Treatment of bactericidal irradiators, how is it done?

Exterior finish device allows wet sanitization with disinfectants and detergents twice with an interval of 15 minutes. Wipe the bactericidal lamp with a gauze swab moistened with ethyl alcohol once a week.

• Bactericidal efficacy and performance of a specific model;
• The volume of the room in which air disinfection is carried out.

For example, an open-type irradiator OBN disinfects air and surfaces in 1 hour with an efficiency of 90% to 99% in a room from 100m3 to 230m3. The larger the room, the less indicator efficiency in 1 hour and vice versa. Insufficient efficiency in large volume rooms is compensated by a longer disinfection procedure.

Man is exposed from all sides negative impact environment. Air is also a potential breeding ground for harmful microorganisms. A bactericidal lamp for the home will help you clean and disinfect the indoor air. Previously, such devices were used in highly specialized institutions. At present, the operation of germicidal lamps is feasible at home.

UV germicidal lamp according to the principle of its operation, it resembles fluorescent, but unlike the latter, it creates directional radiation of UV rays in a certain range. A fairly common misconception is that a bactericidal and a quartz lamp are one and the same. In reality, these are two different devices and should not be confused.

Why do you need a home bactericidal irradiator?

• floor type lamps;
• hanging type lamps;
• table lamps.

Floor lamps - type of portable lamps. Such models are best suited for spacious rooms, for example, children's rooms. game rooms or living rooms. They are of medium size and in the process of work provide complete disinfection of the entire room.

Hanging lamps - variety of stationary lamps. They can be both wall-mounted and ceiling-mounted. The latter are less popular and have a rather limited range. Most commonly used at home wall germicidal lamp. Such demand is due to ease of use. It can be placed in any convenient place, while modern models have quite attractive design and are able to harmoniously fit into any interior.

Table lamps - type of portable lamps. Thanks to its compact design and optimum power, portable germicidal lamp, similarly, wall models, best for home use. Its advantageous advantage is the possibility of local disinfection. The purpose of such lamps is local irradiation and disinfection of surfaces.

Service life of germicidal lamps of any type largely depends on the stability of the power grid. With private fluctuations in the network, it is reduced. It is also affected by the degree of humidity in the room, the number of inclusions, the dust content of the main parts of the device, and so on.

A separate word should be said about the new modified model, which appeared on the domestic market quite recently - lamp with germicidal lamp. It provides for the sequential alternation of the operation of fluorescent and bactericidal lamps. Some models are equipped with an automatic switching mechanism. Such luminaires have a universal compact structure and are intended for placement in any area (wall, closet, etc.)

Quartz lamps: principle of operation, features

Germicidal quartz lamp- a type of disinfectant equipment. Its operating principle is disinfection of indoor air by means of ultraviolet radiation. But, unlike a conventional germicidal lamp, the lamp shell of which is made of uviol glass, these devices use quartz glass. It transmits the entire spectrum of radiation produced by mercury, including ozone. The latter is quite dangerous in direct contact with living organisms. Therefore, after processing the premises, its mandatory ventilation is required.

However, a special model has been developed for a relatively long time - quartz germicidal lamp for home. On the this moment There are two types of such lamps:

• open (in the process of work, people should not be in the room)
• shielded (the presence of a person is possible only if the lamp is located in an appropriate way, excluding direct radiation on a person).

Besides quartz lamps divided into types, depending on the purpose. Some are designed to disinfect the air environment of the room, others - directly for disinfection. The latter are most often used in the presence of children with reduced immunity, the elderly or people suffering from chronic diseases in the house.

Operation of bactericidal and quartz lamps

When deciding to buy a disinfection device for the home, a logical question arises: how to choose germicidal lamp?

First of all, be guided by its purpose. There are lamps for direct air disinfection, and there are models designed for local disinfection of surfaces and various enclosed spaces (inside cabinets, refrigerators, etc.)

Secondly, it is also necessary to decide what requirements the device must meet: prevention and prevention of the development of pathogens or targeted treatment of household inhabitants.

Different types of germicidal lamps have differences in the spectrum of their action.

Working hours bactericidal lamp is determined by the purpose of the room itself and its size, as well as the type of the device itself. These figures are indicated in technical documentation and depend on their model.