Winter-hardy species and varieties of derain. Derain red - blood-red svidina Has decorative forms

Our hero boasts abundant flowering, variegated foliage, bright shoots, multi-colored fruits. In addition, with such beauty, it is not at all whimsical: it is shade-tolerant, it withstands both cold and drought well, it is undemanding to soils, it is resistant to the aggressive urban environment, it is not very vulnerable to pests. A dream, not a plant.

Genus and its representatives

Olga Nikitina

Rod Deren (Cornus) belongs to the dogwood family and has over 50 species, distributed mainly in temperate latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. In nature, it grows in floodplains, in wetlands, in the undergrowth of dark coniferous forests.

Representatives of this genus are deciduous, rarely evergreen trees or shrubs with perennial woody creeping underground stems; two species are undersized semi-shrubs of almost herbaceous type. The leaves are simple, entire, on long petioles, with well-defined venation. The flowers are bisexual, small, greenish-white in corymbose or capitate inflorescences, in a small number of species surrounded by large white or reddish bracts (in this case, the inflorescence can be mistaken for a large, very beautiful single flower). The fruits are drupes, in some species they are edible and are consumed both fresh and processed. The bark is used as a medicinal raw material for the production of tannins.

From solid, dense-layered wood (the name of the genus comes from the Latin. "with ornu"-" horn") have long been made smoking pipes, canes, textile shuttles, tool handles.

Most species of this genus are frost-resistant, shade-tolerant, undemanding to soil, tolerate city conditions well, therefore they are widely used in landscaping, creating hedges, using in solitary and group plantings.

The best time for planting derains is spring. Until autumn, plants have time to take root, complete seasonal development and growth, and thus prepare well for winter.

Derens are propagated both by seed and vegetatively (cuttings, root offspring, layering). In the presence of a special cold greenhouse, apply green cuttings which takes place at the beginning of June. By autumn, the cuttings form a powerful root system, but for the winter it is better to move them to a warm stalk, and in the spring to plant them in a permanent place. When propagated by layering, branches growing close to the soil surface are bent and laid in shallow pits, and the tops are brought out. Rooted cuttings are dug up, separated from the mother plant with pruners and planted in a permanent place. This can be done in spring or autumn.

The best time for planting derains is spring. Until autumn, plants have time to take root, complete seasonal development and growth, and thus prepare well for winter.

The most common and widely known species in culture is e. white (C. alba), which received its name for the color of the fruit - white drupes. It has an extensive distribution area. Unpretentious shrub up to 3 m high with thin, flexible shoots forming a rounded crown. The original look and its decorative forms are in high demand in green building to create hedges, edges and undergrowth in parks and forest parks, as well as to fix steep slopes, river banks and reservoirs.

Very similar to the previous one e. blood red (C. sanguinea). Its natural range extends from the Baltic to the lower reaches of the Don. It occurs in the undergrowth of light deciduous and mixed forests, along the banks of rivers and reservoirs, on dry sunny slopes. Shrub, reaching a height of 4 m, with blue-black fruits. Differs in big shade tolerance, winter hardiness, well transfers a drought. For reclamation purposes, it is suitable for fixing the slopes of ravines and slopes.

Deren controversial (C. controversa) - a luxurious tree up to 20 m high, with a flat crown formed by horizontally spaced skeletal branches, and a trunk diameter of up to 60 cm. Widely distributed in the Far East, where it develops better in well-lit places. Fairly cold hardy. The leaves are broadly ovate, up to 15 cm long, dark green, shiny. Inflorescence - apical, corymbose, up to 12 cm in diameter.

One of the best known species of this genus is d. male, or dogwood (C. mas). The homeland of wild-growing dogwood Western Asia is the largest center of distribution of fruit plants. Dogwood is found in the Crimea, in the Caucasus, in Moldova, in the countries of southern Europe. It is a tree or multi-stemmed shrub 4–6 m high, with a spreading crown. Refers to early flowering plants, among fruit crops blooms first in late March-early April, before the leaves bloom. dogwood is very beautiful in early spring, during the period of mass flowering, when its shoots are covered with small rounded golden inflorescences. The ripening time of the fruits is very extended (end of August), but the juicy red drupes of dogwood are very tasty and healthy, do not cause allergic reactions. More than 100 kg of fruits are harvested from one bush.

There are a number of varieties bred for cultivation in middle lane Russia. Dogwood is not only a valuable fruit plant, but also an ornamental, as evidenced by the early spectacular flowering in spring, densely leafy crown in summer and bright red fruits in autumn.

Deren Japanese (C. kousa) - a tree up to 7 m high, growing in the mountain forests of Korea, China and Japan. Relatively shade-tolerant and moisture-loving. Very decorative in summer during flowering and in autumn, when the leaves become bright red. But, unfortunately, it is a thermophilic species that can grow only on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus.

Derain large-leaved (C. macrophylla) is a subtropical plant. It grows beautifully, blooms and bears fruit in Batumi botanical garden. Tree up to 15 m high, very decorative thanks to original form crowns, bluish-green leaves, yellowish-white flowers collected in large inflorescences, and bluish-black fruits.

There are only two types of deren, related to semi-shrubs with woody creeping underground shoots, from which above-ground shoots grow up to 25 cm high, dying off in autumn and becoming woody.
only at the base.

Derain canadian (C. canadensis) and d. swedish ( C. suecica) form a chic dense ground cover. These species are very elegant during flowering (the flowers have a white large wrapper) and in the fruiting phase, when bright red spherical drupes appear against the background of green leaves.

A large number of types of turf grows in North America, many of them are introduced and widely used in green building. Very interesting d. alternate-leaved (C. alternifolia), which has irregularly whorled branching, due to which it forms horizontal tiers of branches. This species is quite cold hardy.

Deren offspring (C. stolonifera) is a deciduous shrub up to 2.5 m high, with long, bending to the ground and rooting shoots. According to its biological characteristics, it is similar to white d., in landscaping it is used to create hedges and in group plantings.

Very promising for growing in central Russia d. pubescent(C. pubescens), growing as a small tree or shrub. Its young shoots and the underside of the leaves are densely pubescent. Yellowish-white flowers are collected in corymbose inflorescences up to 6 cm in diameter. In autumn, white drupes appear on the shoots.

Derain white Fruits of derain white
Deren Natela

Deren controversial ‘Variegata’
Derain Canadian. blooming
Derain Canadian. Fruit

Derain
Deren Japanese
Derain male (dogwood). Bloom

Derain diseases

Ella Sokolova, candidate of biological sciences

On different types of derain, fungal diseases of leaves and branches are most widespread.

leaf diseases

powdery mildew (causative agents are fungi Phyllactinia guttata And Trichocladia tortilis). At the end of June, a whitish, delicate cobwebbed coating of mycelium appears on the leaves, which eventually disappears or remains in the form of small white sods. With the defeat of Ph. guttata plaque develops on the underside of the leaves, and T. tortilis causes the formation of mycelium on both sides. At the end of July, fruiting bodies of pathogens are formed on the leaves in the form of scattered small black dots, which hibernate on fallen leaves.

Light brown spotting (pathogen - fungus Ramularia angustissima). Are amazed different types derain. In summer, light brown blurry spots appear on both sides of the leaves. On the underside of the spots, sporulation of the fungus is formed, noticeable in the form of small whitish tubercles.

Red-brown spotting (pathogen - fungus Phyllosticta cornicola). Blood-red turf is affected. In the first half of summer, red-brown spots with a light middle appear on the upper side of the leaves. In the center of the spots, sporulation of the fungus is formed in the form of small black dots, clearly visible on a white background.

whitish spotting (pathogen - fungus Ascochyta cornicol a). Different types of deren are affected. In the second half of summer, brownish spots form on both sides of the leaves, which, when dried, become whitish with a pronounced red border. On the upper side of the spots, sporulation of the fungus is formed in the form of small black dots.

Dark brown spotting (pathogen - fungus Septoria cornicola). Blood-red turf is affected. In the second half of summer, large spots appear on both sides of the leaves, initially dark olive, later gray with a red-violet border. On the upper side of the spots, sporulation of the fungus is formed in the form of small black dots.
The development of leaf spots is favored by warm, humid weather in summer.

Pathogens of leaf diseases overwinter on fallen leaves, which are the source of infection. With a strong development of leaf diseases, they lead to a decrease in the decorativeness of the shrub, and sometimes to premature leaf fall.

Pathogens of leaf diseases overwinter on fallen leaves, which are the source of infection.

Branch diseases

tubercular (nectrium) necrosis (causative agent - fungus Tubercularia vulgaris). Different types of deren and many other hardwoods are affected. The disease manifests itself in the death of the bark in separate areas or along the circumference of the branches. The affected bark does not differ in color from the healthy one. characteristic feature disease is the sporulation of the fungus, which is formed on dead areas of the bark. It looks like irregularly rounded or oval pads 0.5–3 mm in size, protruding from cracks in the bark. At first, these pads are pink, smooth, later brick-red, with an uneven, as it were, granular surface. Often they cover almost the entire surface of the affected branches. Sporulation is formed during the year, but infection of the branches occurs during the growing season of plants, especially actively in conditions of high humidity.

Cytospore necrosis (cytosporosis) of branches (pathogens - fungi of the genus Cytospora). Different types of deren and many other hardwoods are affected. On diseased branches, separate dead sections of the bark first appear, which quickly grow, merge and cover the branches around the entire circumference. The affected bark is almost the same color as the healthy one. In the thickness of the dying or dead bark, sporulation of the pathogen is formed, which has the appearance of numerous small conical tubercles with light tops, in which spores develop. In spring, mature spores come to the surface of the bark in the form of red, orange-red or orange-yellow drops, thin flagella and spirals. The spores are spread by raindrops and infect healthy branches.

Necrotic diseases more often affect shrubs in unfavorable growing conditions. They accelerate the weakening of plants, cause partial drying of the branches, and reduce the decorative effect of the shrub.

Sources of infection for deren can be nearby different tree species affected by the indicated necrosis.

To reduce the harm caused by diseases, a complex of protective measures is needed:

• regular monitoring of the state of the shrub during the growing season;
• creation of favorable conditions for the growth and development of shrubs, taking into account its biological characteristics;
• collection and destruction of fallen leaves on which pathogens persist powdery mildew and spotting;
• timely pruning and removal of affected and shrunken branches.

Derain pests

Galina Lebedeva, candidate of agricultural sciences

Derains are quite resistant to pests, however, dangerous insects can settle on them in some years.

Bush leaves are more affected by pests. From spring to July, brown aphids can be found on the lower surface of the leaves ( Anoecia corni F.), she is also a gray svidino-cereal aphid (cornel, root cereal aphid). The synonym of the name accurately indicates the address of the migration of the species after feeding on the leaves, the ends of the shoots and on the flower parts of the turf to the roots of cereals. And in Central Asia due to the absence of a primary host, the aphid is limited to feeding only on the roots of cereals and develops as a non-full-cycle form.

A special group is made up of gall midges and gall-forming mites: along with nutrition, their effect on the plant is that they cause the growth of plant tissues in the form of galls.

Svidino gall midge ( Oligotrophus corni Gir) forms galls on the underside, usually near the main vein or on the laterals. The galls are wavy, obtuse-conical, often multi-lobed at the apex, mostly multi-chambered. On the upper side of the leaf in the corresponding place there are almost hemispherical swellings.

Svidine spider mite ( Tenuipalpus geisenheyneri Rubs.) forms galls in the form of swellings in the corners of the veins, less often in other places of the leaf blade, from the upper side.

As a result of the feeding of svidine leaf mites ( Anthocoptes platinotus Nal., or Oxypleurites autilobus Nal., or Phyllocoptes depressus Nal.) the edges of the leaves become wavy, almost incised, twisted, darkened, wrapped up.

Svidine sharp-winged moth ( Antispila s p.) forms a mine in the form of a spot on the leaf blade, somewhat swollen on the upper side of the leaf, brown. Pfeifer's sharp-winged moth ( A. Pfeifferella Nb.) forms mines of a dirty yellow-green color along the edge of the leaf, occupying most of the leaf surface.

Deren is harmed by leaf-eating insects, whose larvae eat the foliage. This group includes the dogwood warty sawfly ( Emphytus melanarius Kl), tender svidino moth ( Asthena anseraria), antique wave ( Orgia antique L.). saccular leaflet ( Angylis derasana Hb) feeds in a folded leaf.

Derain leaves are damaged by beetles - golden or common bronze and May western beetle.

Golden or ordinary bronze ( Cetonia aurata L.) flies from April to August. Its larva develops in tree hollows and rotten stumps and is harmless. Beetles feed not only on young leaves, but also on flowers and young fruits.

May Khrushchev western ( Melolontha melolontha L.) depending on the latitude of the area, it flies from late April or early May to late May or early June. During the day, the beetles sit on trees, at dusk they fly and feed - they gnaw on leaves of various species, including derain.

As a result of mass damage caused by pests, the shoots are weakened, the intensity of development and winter hardiness decrease.

Deren is a resistant breed. Depending on the species, the life expectancy of a shrub is from 12 to 18 years. In order to ensure the decorative durability of the bushes, it is necessary to rejuvenate them.

Derain in landscaping

Olga Nikitina

Among the diverse range of trees and shrubs, there are plants that never let landscape designers down and are a kind of lifesaver. These, of course, include some types and decorative forms of turf. They grow quickly, tolerate transplantation well, are decorative and, most importantly, are stable even in urban conditions.

Usage

Derains can be safely attributed to stable ornamental plants. In spring - beautiful flowering, in summer - elegant foliage, especially in variegated forms, in autumn - interesting coloring of leaves and spectacular fruits. And even in winter, their bright multi-colored shoots (yellow, green, red) look great against the backdrop of white snow.

But that's not all. Most species of this tree crop grow on almost any soil, they are winter-hardy and unpretentious, little susceptible to diseases and pest attacks (sometimes aphids can be found on young shoots).

In nature, many types of derens grow in floodplains and even in wetlands, so they can be used in areas with a close occurrence of groundwater. They will not only decorate such places, but also be able to drain them.

Sods are indispensable when creating edges and undergrowth in parks and forest parks and as hedges, both free-growing and sheared. They look great in group and single landings, especially against the background of the lawn. It goes well with many coniferous and deciduous tree species.

Species and varieties

The most popular species in landscaping is derain white, which has a variety of varieties:

‘Elegantissima’ - one of the most spectacular varieties with bluish white-edged leaves. It is applied both in single, and in group landing.

‘Spaethii’ - a shrub with a dense crown up to 2 m high. The leaves are bluish-green, with a wide yellow border.

‘Siberian a’ is a shrub with coral-red branches.

‘Kesselring ii'- shrub with dark brown branches and brownish leaves.

In green construction, blood-red is also widely used, which has white fragrant inflorescences and leaves that turn scarlet in autumn. It also has a number of interesting varieties:

‘Compress a' – dwarf variety with small leaves. Looks great in rockeries, as well as in compositions with undersized conifers.

‘Viridissima’ – shoots and fruits of green color give this variety a special charm.

‘Variegata’ - shrub over 4 m high with shoots reddening in the sun. Leaves with a yellow and white border, have pubescence below.

Deren male, or dogwood, is not only a valuable fruit plant, it also has a number of decorative qualities - early spring flowering, densely leafy crown and beautiful fruiting, which allows this species to be used in ornamental gardening. Here are some of its varieties:

‘Aurea’ - shrub with yellow leaves.

‘Elegantissim a'- the leaves have a white-cream border, turning pink in places.

‘Pyramidalis’ - shrub with a beautiful pyramidal crown shape.

In forests Far East grows d. controversial, which is very decorative tree, which has an original tiered crown, large corymbose apical inflorescences and dark blue fruits. His variety looks very elegant ‘Variegata’, which is decorated with graceful white-edged leaves. He looks very impressive in solitary landing, as well as a bright accent in complex compositions.

It is impossible not to mention the beautifully flowering types of derain, the flowering of which is so plentiful that sometimes the leaves are not visible. This effect is created by large white or reddish bracts. The only drawback of these species is their low winter hardiness.

Deren Japanese very good in summer, when numerous inflorescences appear on its shoots, and in autumn - red seedlings and bright red leaves.

Derain blooming has a spreading crown, which in spring is decorated with numerous capitate inflorescences surrounded by pale pink bracts. Due to abundant flowering and red autumn leaves is a highly decorative tree.

Deren Natela considered more beautiful view than the previous one. This - a big tree, up to 25 m high, with a beautiful tent-shaped crown. The leaves are large, up to 12 cm long, bright green above, pubescent below. Small capitate inflorescences surrounded by large white bracts look like individual large flowers, which, in combination with bright green leaves, create a colossal decorative effect.

In nature, many types of derens grow in floodplains and even in wetlands, so they can be used in areas with a close occurrence of groundwater.

Derain white ‘Elegantissima’
Derain white ‘Sibirica’
Derain white ‘Spaethii’ ‘Elegantissima’

Deren Japanese
Deren Japanese
Deren controversial ‘Variegata’

Healing properties of deren

Marina Kulikova, candidate of biological sciences

There are not so many medicinal plants among the representatives of the Deren genus. But there is one thing that is very widely known - deren male(or ordinary) Cornus mas. His scientific name unlikely to say something to the inexperienced reader. More familiar - dogwood. This is one of the oldest fruit and berry plants that people used back in the Neolithic times, which is confirmed by archaeological research: dogwood bones were found during excavations of ancient settlements, which are 5000 years old.

Dogwood has long been famous as medicinal plant and is known for its tasty, fragrant fruits. Even Hippocrates knew that its leaves have an astringent property, and treated stomach diseases with a decoction of them. A decoction of dogwood fruits was used by Crimean residents for rickets, tonsillitis, smallpox, measles, scarlet fever, and to improve appetite. Jam was used for colds and stomach pains, tinctures of flowers, juice and infusion of fruits - to treat fever. Koru dogwood was recommended as a tonic and as a medicine for malaria, an infusion of young leafy shoots - as a choleretic and diuretic. Powder made from dried and then toasted bones used to disinfect wounds. In Tibetan medicine, bark and leaves used for pleurisy and kidney disease. Dogwood is also used in homeopathy: a volatile drug is obtained from the fruits for bacterial dysentery, fresh roots are used to treat malaria.

Relatively recently, scientists have established the composition of biologically active substances in dogwood fruits. These are sugars (the share of which reaches 15%), organic acids, pectins, vitamin C. In terms of the content of the latter, dogwood exceeds citrus fruits by 2 times, and in terms of the amount of potassium it is ahead of apricot fruits, recommended as a source of this microelement. Dogwood fruits also include catechins, anthocyanins, flavonoids, which normalize the permeability and elasticity of blood vessel walls. There are a lot of polyphenols in them, which contribute to the normalization blood pressure and strengthen capillaries.

According to modern information, dogwood preparations are used in traditional medicine and have antiscorbutic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, antipyretic, fixing, restorative, diuretic and choleretic effects. Fruits are recommended for metabolic disorders, gout, anemia and skin diseases. The leaves contain tannins, flavonoids, infusion of them is used as a choleretic and diuretic. The bark includes organic acids and tannins. Scientific experiments show that a decoction of young bark has a pronounced bactericidal effect on a number of representatives of the intestinal microbial flora ( Staph. aureus and Bacillus subtilis).

Derain male (dogwood)

Fruits on one plant ripen for 15-30 days. Harvest can be harvested at the stage of technical maturity, when they are intensely colored, but the flesh is dense. Within a few days, dogwood ripens, while the content of organic acids decreases, and sugars increase, which affects the taste. A large number of biologically active substances are distinguished by fruits that are fully ripe on the tree, they are consumed both fresh and after processing.

For medical use, the fruits must be dried. Before drying, they are blanched in a 3% boiling soda solution, and then washed cold water. This procedure speeds up the drying process and improves product quality. Then the fruits are laid out in a single layer on decks in the shade or in well-ventilated areas.

Dogwood fruits can be consumed fresh, harvested in the form of jam, marmalade, syrup, juice.

In addition to dogwood, other representatives of the genus are also used in folk medicine. Derain canadian (Cornus canadensis) (Canadian chamepericlimenum - Chamaepericlymenum canadense) comes from the northern part North America. Used in Eskimo folk medicine. This is a winter-green semi-shrub, the aerial part of which, in the form of a decoction, is used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. The fruits are not only tasty, but also useful - as a diuretic, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive and astringent.

Derain officinalis (Cornus officinalis) is native to Japan. The fruits of this species look like dogwood drupes and are used as an astringent. Derain officinalis extract is part of the well-known drug "Strength of a deer", which increases male potency. In Chinese medicine, it is used as a remedy for dizziness, night sweats in arthritis, and kidney diseases. The fruits have antimicrobial and antifungal properties. A decoction of the bark is used in the treatment of malaria.

Recipes

1 st. l. dry crushed leaves pour a glass of boiling water, insist in a water bath for 20 minutes. Strain after cooling. Take ¼ cup 4 times a day before meals as a choleretic and diuretic.

1 st. l. fruit dogwood pour a glass of boiling water. The resulting infusion is used for diarrhea during the day.

Derain variegated - ornamental shrub with bright and large leaves. Thanks to its high and lush crown, densely dotted with variegated leaves and beautiful white flowers, it is often used as a hedge and garden decoration. The shrub has an unusually strong and durable wood, and the deren got its name precisely because of it. Derain is native to the forests of Siberia, but it can also be found in China, Japan and Korea. Derain perfectly takes root on any soil, frost-resistant and unpretentious in care.

Variegated Derain is a spreading shrub that reaches a height of up to 3 meters, grows up to 3 meters in width. Remarkably tolerates forming pruning, so it can be given any shape. Derain is an ornamental shrub, its strong brown-red branches and variegated leaves make it extremely attractive and popular in landscape design when creating colorful and vibrant compositions. The green leaves of the plant, depending on the variety, can be bordered with a yellow or white border, highlighting the turf from other garden plants. The flowering period of the plant falls on May-June. It blooms with white flowers collected in inflorescences, the diameter of which reaches up to 5 cm. In autumn, after flowering, the deren forms white-blue inedible berries. The culture is frost-resistant and unpretentious in care, often the variegated deren shrub is used for landscaping the northern regions of the country. Popular types of deren Derain white Spreading shrub with many root suckers that are easy to root. The leaves of the variety are whole, variegated - with a white border, in autumn the foliage acquires a reddish-purple hue. Deren white blooms in June, small white flowers. The plant is shade tolerant. Deren Couza A type of derain with large elliptical leaves, painted dark green above, and below - in a greenish-bluish hue. In autumn, the leaves change color to bright yellow. Spreading shrub, the main branches of which form a tiered lush crown. Deren Couza blooms at the end of May with beautiful yellow-green flowers with 4 white bracts, up to 10 cm in diameter. After flowering, in autumn, scarlet edible berries are formed, tart in taste. Derain red Deciduous shrub reaching 4 meters in height. It has a branched crown with drooping shoots that can be painted in various colors: from green to purple and red. The leaves of the shrub are rounded, bright green in color, have small hairs on the surface, the color of the leaves is paler from below. In the autumn, the foliage turns blood red, hence the red sod got its name. Inflorescences - corymbose, 7 cm in diameter, consist of small white flowers, of which there are up to 70 pieces. The flowering time of the variety is 15-20 days. In autumn, numerous small black fruits the size of a pea appear. Deren male or common dogwood Shrub, and sometimes a tree with leaves of an ovoid shape, light green above, and below - a shade paler. This is a long-liver (lives up to 250 years), growing in the mountainous regions of the Crimea, the Caucasus, Europe and Asia Minor. Blooms small yellow flowers with bracts that appear before the leaves. Flowering time - 15-20 days. After flowering, shiny fruits appear with a pleasant, slightly tart taste of red hues. The size of the fruit can be different (up to 3 cm in length). Deren offspring The shrub, reaching 2.5 meters in height, resembles white derain. This species is characterized by hanging red shiny shoots that are easy to root. The leaves are green in color. It begins to bloom at the age of 4 years. Inflorescences with milky flowers 5 cm in diameter. Flowering time is May. The fruits are white with a blue tint. Derain blooming The species is distributed in the east of America. It has a spreading dense crown with green foliage, in autumn it turns red. Derain variegated, varieties Decorative shrub variegated derain has several varieties that differ in appearance. Variety Elegantissima - leaves are concave, gray-gray, have a white border around the edges. Sibirica Variegata is a popular cultivar with bright red branches and flat green leaves edged with white. Gouchaultii is a massive variety of variegated turf with leaves that have a wide yellow border, which becomes pinkish in the sun. Cream Cracker is a graceful and attractive cultivar with cream-colored edging leaves. The crown of the shrub is directed upwards. There are also compact and undersized varieties of variegated derain with branches of yellow-green color, the height of shrubs does not reach 1.5 meters. Choosing a place for planting variegated derain Having decided to plant a variegated sod in your area, it should be borne in mind that the plant grows remarkably and develops anywhere: both in a sunny, well-lit area, and in partial shade. Varieties with bright leaves feel better on the sunny side, in the shade the leaves will lose their variegated colors and turn green. Considering that the plant is sprawling and grows rapidly, it is undesirable to plant it near high coniferous trees and other shrubs. It is best to plant the plant in sandy or clay soils that pass water well. Loams and clay soils are undesirable for planting. The soil should be fertile and nutritious, as well as moist. Planting variegated derain Variegated deren is planted in a permanent place in the spring. Although the shrub is undemanding to the soil and special growing conditions, it tolerates frosts well, it is still necessary to plant it when the air and soil are warm enough. So young plant adapt faster, get stronger and prepare for the upcoming cold weather. The process of planting a seedling, you should consider some of the nuances: In a pre-prepared landing pit are added organic fertilizers: compost or humus. If a swampy area or soil is chosen for planting, with high groundwater then drainage is required. When purchasing a seedling for planting, choose a plant up to 4 years old. Seedlings with dried roots should be placed in a bucket of water for several hours so that the roots are saturated with moisture. Transplantation of an adult variegated derain Transplanting an adult derain bush to a new place is stressful for the plant. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out a transplant only as a last resort. Reasons for transplanting deren: An unsuitable landing site has been selected. Planting a seedling of a variegated derain in an inappropriate place, for example, in the shade, can lead to a loss of decorative leaves. They will acquire green tint. In order to restore the decorativeness and beauty of the leaves, the bush will have to be transplanted to the sunny side of the site. The soil has been chosen incorrectly. Deren prefers fertile and moist soils. On dry and poor soils, it will lose its attractiveness and stop growing. Bad neighborhood. Deren grows fast and takes large area Location on. So he can force out his neighbors. It remains to make a choice - to remove neighboring plants from the site, leaving a derain bush or transplant it to a more open place where it can safely grow. How to transplant a derain bush Mature bushes are best transplanted late autumn when the plant sheds leaves. Such a transplant is less stressful for the turf, as it will have more time to acclimatize. If the transplant time is chosen - spring, then it should be done before the buds begin to swell. A shrub with an earthen clod is transplanted, carefully so as not to damage the sprawling root system. The boundary of the root system is determined by the outlines of the crown. Digging the root should be in a circle, with extreme caution. The excavated shrub is placed on a film, wrapped in a lump from the ground, and delivered to a new landing site. The transplanted plant must be watered abundantly, and the soil should be mulched with humus. Transplanting a hedge To transplant a hedge, a trench for planting is dug in advance. It should be 1.5-2 times larger than the root system of transplanted shrubs. At the bottom of the trench, a layer of fertile nutrient soil is poured, mixed with humus, compost, it is recommended to add to the soil mineral fertilizers. How to care for a shrub after transplanting For active growth, the shrub needs regular watering. If the transplant was carried out in early spring, shade the bush from the bright sun in the first days, since with increased evaporation of moisture, the shoots may dry out. Propagation of variegated derain Propagation of derain is carried out in 2 ways: slower - by seeds, and fast - by layering, seedlings and cuttings. Reproduction by seeds This method of reproduction has a 100% successful result. Seeds should be taken from a plant older than 3 years. Sow the seeds in the winter when the soil is sufficiently frozen. Seeds do not ripen at the same time. Before planting in the spring, seeds must be hardened for several months. For planting seeds, a substrate is prepared (sand, sawdust, moss), its volume should exceed the seed material by 3-4 times. It is necessary to shift the seeds with the substrate in layers. Maintain at a temperature of 5 degrees Celsius for 2 months. For each square meter 5-14 seeds per plot are sown to a depth of no more than 5 cm. The shrub will reach standard sizes only after 5-8 years. This method of reproduction is quite lengthy and painstaking, rarely used by amateur gardeners. cuttings Variegated turf is an ornamental plant, and cuttings are recommended for propagating the variety in order to preserve the characteristic and decorative properties mother bush. During spring pruning shoots of an adult bush can be used as material for propagation by cuttings. On a healthy strong cutting there should be 7-9 developed buds. The cuttings are placed in a container with nutrient soil and placed in a greenhouse. During the summer, the cuttings are fed with organic and mineral fertilizers, well watered. In autumn, the seedlings will take root and will be ready for planting in open ground. The division of the bush A well-grown derain bush can be planted by dividing the bush, dividing the root with young shoots. The division method is produced in spring period. The mother bush is dug up, the root is freed from the ground. Then, with a sharp knife, they are divided into parts. The resulting young plants are transplanted into prepared planting pits, fertilized with a nutrient mixture. Reproduction by layering Deren variegated has a spreading crown with falling shoots. To get a young plant by layering, shoots can be pinned to the ground with a metal bracket and sprinkled with earth. This breeding method is carried out in the spring. During the year, the shoot takes root well and is ready to be transplanted to a new place next spring. Caring for variegated derain Derain variegated is unpretentious in care, it perfectly tolerates drought, frost and adverse weather. The basic rule for caring for a plant is pruning and regular watering. Periodically, the plant can be fed. In spring, mineral fertilizers are used (200 grams for each bush), and in summer - organic fertilizers (5 grams of compost or chicken manure for a bush). If the bushes are used as a hedge, then it is recommended to cut them at least twice a year, in July and August. Watering Watering of young bushes is carried out regularly and moderately every day, adult bushes can be watered only on dry, hot days, once 2 times a week is enough. For each bush, 20 liters of water is enough. Excess moisture can lead to fungal diseases. If the soil does not have time to dry out, the frequency of watering should be reduced. By autumn, watering is reduced. Temperature Derain variegated normally grows and develops at a temperature of 15 - 20 ° C. It tolerates heat well, it is enough just to increase the watering of the bush. It is frost-resistant, in shelter for the winter there is no need. pruning Regular pruning is the main element of plant care. Deren remarkably lends itself to pruning and from its crown you can create beautiful rounded shrubs. It is worth noting that the beauty of the derain lies in its unusual variegated foliage, so it is advisable to save it when pruning. natural form, only slightly corrected. When pruning, old, dry and diseased shoots, improperly growing branches that interfere with crown formation are removed. Pruning is needed regularly. In winter, pruning is not carried out. After pruning, the shrub sprouts new young shoots very quickly. If the shrub is used as a hedge, it is given a clear shape. Diseases and pests of variegated derain The shrub is not attractive to pests because of its bad taste. Basically, the variegated derain suffers from aphids, which can destroy the plant or spoil its decorative appearance. There are 2 ways to deal with aphids: Mechanical. Pests are washed off with a jet of water from a hose. This method only partially eliminates aphids and is not effective. Chemical. Special preparations are used for spraying shrubs or folk method(soap solution). Deren is also prone to fungal diseases, in order to prevent them, it is necessary to temporarily stop watering to allow the soil and roots to dry out. When a fungal infection is infected, the diseased plant is treated with foundationazole. Derain variegated in landscape design The shrub looks great as a single bush, and in a group with other types of deren. Due to its ability to change the color of leaves, turf is often used in bright compositions. Low-growing shrubs look beautiful under the crowns of tall trees, creating spectacular compositions. The shrub remarkably coexists with roses, juniper, barberry and viburnum Buldenezh. Derain variegated is widely used to create hedges, which require regular shaping and pruning. Deren grows quickly, so without proper care, shrubs will turn into thickets of irregular shape. If your summer cottage or garden needs a colorful and bright spot and decoration, be sure to plant a variegated deren. The variegated deren shrub is a wonderful horticultural crop, the reproduction and care of which does not present any particular difficulties for beginner gardeners. This unpretentious plant needs only minimal care: watering and pruning. Having given a little of his time and care, deren will thank the owner with a luxurious view, beautiful shape and elegant variegated foliage and will decorate the garden. Derain variegated, photo

LATIN NAME:Сornus sanguinea (Swida sanguinea).

DESCRIPTION: It grows in the undergrowth of light deciduous and mixed forests, in thickets of shrubs, along the banks of rivers and lakes in the European part of Russia, from the Baltic to the lower reaches of the Don, in Western Europe from southern Scandinavia to the Balkans. Deciduous shrub up to 4 m tall, with a strongly branched crown and drooping shoots of various colors (from green to purple-red).
The leaves are round-ovate, bright green, with small hairs, light green or whitish below from dense pubescence, blood red in autumn. Corymbose inflorescences up to 7 cm in diameter, fluffy, from 50-70 small, dull white flowers. The duration of flowering is 15-20 days. Very elegant in autumn in black, numerous fruits the size of a pea.

MAIN TYPES AND VARIETIES:

It has several decorative forms:
dark red(f. atro-sanguinea)- with dark red shoots;
the greenest(f. viridissima)- fruits and shoots are green;
motley ("Variegata"). Tall (up to 4 m tall) shrub with yellow-variegated leaves, young shoots of a delicate green color are beautiful, then they become burgundy. Fruits are blue-black; leaves are yellowish-white-spotted;
Mitch(f. Mietschii)- leaves and young shoots are pale yellow and finely spotted.

Optimal Growing Conditions (location, soil, winter hardiness):	Location:
	Landing on lighted and damp places. Derain blood-red makes penumbra.
	The soil:
	Any soil except very acidic and poor sandy, does not tolerate salinity. It develops better on fertile and moist, although it is drought-resistant.
	Winter hardiness:
	Winter hardiness is average (it partially freezes over in winter), seedlings need shelter.
Features of agricultural technology (landing and care):	Care:
	Reproduction:
	Deren is propagated vegetatively (cuttings), root layers and seeds. Derain can be propagated by root and lignified cuttings (in spring), but it is better propagated by green cuttings (cutting is carried out in the first half of June).
Usage and partners:	Usage
	Derain white (Cornus Alba) is an original garden culture, which is distinguished by unique decorative qualities. The shrub is able to decorate garden plot, delighting with its beauty throughout the year. All types of derain are considered spectacular ornamental crops, however, white deren won special love from Russian gardeners. The shrub is also called white dogwood and svidina. And in the West and in the USA, the sod is called a dog tree (dogwood). This is probably due to the fact that the fruits of derain resemble wolf berries. However, it is possible that dogwood is a modified form of the word dagwood, which means "wood". Used to be actually made of wood given shrubs made weapons - knives, daggers. Also popularly referred to as a shrub krasnotalom. The shrub belongs to the dogwood family. Derain white belongs to the species that get along well on the territory of Russia, since it is perfectly adapted to harsh winters. This is a large culture. Its branches are spreading and flexible. Coloring of the bark of branches: red, red-brown. In nature, krasnothal is often found along roadsides, on the coasts of reservoirs and on forest edges. The shrub is beautiful all year round. At the end of the summer season, fruits ripen, which have a rounded shape and white color. Their diameter does not exceed 8 mm. At this time, white small flowers appear, which are collected in inflorescences. IN autumn period ornamental shrub foliage. It acquires possible colors: burgundy, orange, crimson. And even in winter, against the background of white snow, the reddish bark of the turf looks very beautiful. Varieties Thanks to the work of breeders, varietal species of this plant. Siberia (Sibirica)- This is a popular variety in Russia. This is an ornamental shrub. It is distinguished by spreading branches, the bark of which has the color of corals. The bark acquires a particularly bright color in winter. The bush grows up to 3 meters in height. The leaves are oblong and dark green in color. With the onset of the autumn season, they acquire purple and burgundy colors. After the rains, the color of the foliage becomes even juicier, while the drought is fraught with their pallor and rapid fall. From the beginning of summer to autumn, Siberian blooms with white flowers, which are collected in inflorescences in the form of corymbs. At the same time, the fruits ripen. At first they are white, and as they mature, they become bluish. It is a shade tolerant and frost tolerant variety. Widely used in garden design. Shrubs are planted in groups, they create beautiful hedges, mixborders from shrubs. It can also be used for landscaping parks, squares and squares. Siberia Elengatissima (Elegantissima)- This is a common shrub variety. Differs in large sizes - up to 3 meters in height and in width. Differs in spreading branches, decorative bark and foliage throughout all seasons of the year. Can live over 50 years. Flowering begins in May and ends at the end of June. Flowering is represented by small flowers that are painted white. They are formed in inflorescences in the form of corymbs. The leaves are very decorative. Green leaves are distinguished by the presence of a wide border of white. They can reach 8 cm in length. In autumn they turn yellow, orange or purple shades. At the beginning of the autumn period, berry-like fruits ripen, which have a bluish color. The variety is fast growing. For a year it can grow by 40 cm both in height and in width. Elengatissima is a drought-resistant, frost-resistant and shade-tolerant variety. The shoots are distinguished by a red bark, they look especially great in the winter season. The variety is good for group plantings, plantings in cities, squares and parks. Combines well with other shrubs. An ideal application is the creation of hedges. Elengatissima Siberian Variegata (Sibirica Variegata)- a varietal variety, somewhat similar to Elengatissima. At the same time, its dimensions are somewhat smaller. The height that the bush can reach is 1.5 meters. Shrub diameters - up to 2 meters. The branches are spreading, rich red. The leaves are large, dark green inside with a creamy border. From a distance, they just look like a white spot. With the onset of the autumn period, the leaves acquire a purple color, while the border remains light. This makes the shrub very decorative throughout the year. It blooms with white small flowers with a greenish tint. The flowers have a pleasant aroma. White fruits turn blue as they ripen. It is a shade-tolerant, winter-hardy and drought-resistant variety. It is used for group plantings, goes well with deciduous and coniferous shrubs. Great for small gardens and forming hedges. Siberian Variegata Shpeta (Spaethii)- ornamental variety. On average, it grows up to 2 meters. It is distinguished by incredible beauty in the autumn due to the purple color of the leaves with the preservation of a yellow border. Castings are large. In summer they are light green with a wide yellowish border, and in autumn they turn purple, while the color of the border is preserved. The bark of the branches is red-brown. Looks great in winter against the background of white snowdrifts. Berry-shaped fruits ripen in September, they are distinguished by a bluish tint. Small white flowers form inflorescences no larger than 5 cm. Flowering lasts from May to July. The variety is shade-tolerant, drought-resistant and frost-resistant, however, it often freezes in cold and snowy winters. Shpeta is a good tapeworm and also great for planting in groups. One area of ​​​​use of the variety is the creation of hedges. Ivory Halo- This is an ornamental varietal variety. Its height does not exceed 1.5 meters. Shoots differ in cherry color, they form a compact crown. On green leaves there is a wide yellowish border. In autumn, the leaves change color to purple. Blooms with small yellowish flowers. They form themselves into inflorescences in the form of shields. The fruit ripening period is September. They are white and spherical. As they ripen, the fruits acquire a bluish tint. Ivory Halo is suitable for planting in groups and as a tapeworm. It goes well with other deciduous and coniferous shrubs. Good for forming hedges and urban landscaping. Ivory halo Landing Planting derain Sibirik, Elengatissima and all the others does not require special skills and knowledge. The shrub is unpretentious. It is not demanding on the composition of the substrate. At the same time, it grows better and longer on fertile soil. It is better to choose cultivated soil, which is cleared of stones and various debris. However, wastelands and city streets are also suitable for the successful growth of turf. Derain white does not like acidic soils, so it is better if the soil is neutral or slightly alkaline. The shrub lovingly refers to the high content of humus in the soil. In addition, a good drainage layer is required. There should be no standing water in the ground. It is advisable to choose sites for planting where the soil is loose. In such soil, the root system will develop much better. For planting a plant, it is best to choose places well-lit by the sun. However, sod grows well in partial shade, since most varieties are shade-tolerant. However, in strong shade, the leaves will not be as bright as in the sun. This is especially true for such varieties as Elengatissima, Sibirika Variegata, Shpeta. It is advisable to plant in early spring, when the ground has not yet had time to thaw. If a seedling was purchased that has a closed root system, then it can be planted at the end of autumn. It is better to do this at least a month before the arrival of stable frosts, so that the plant adapts to such conditions. The planting hole should be slightly larger in diameter than the size of the root system. Siberian Deren and Morrow Sedge Care Adult specimens tolerate drought well, but young plants need high-quality watering. Watering should be plentiful so that the entire root system is saturated with moisture. Insufficient watering can lead to drying out of the shoots. Adult plants should not be watered as plentifully as young ones. The exception is a long drought. Curling leaves and drooping branches are a clear sign of a lack of moisture. If this happens, then the culture needs to be watered abundantly, moistening not only the surface of the soil, but the entire root ball. During the hours of midday heat, it is impossible to water the culture. Optimal time is early morning or evening hours. Care in the spring includes pruning, top dressing and occasional watering. Top dressing is mainly needed only for young specimens. It is recommended to feed with humus or humus. Mature plants need to be fertilized only after diseases or pruning, and also if the bush is poorly or slowly developing. Shelter for the winter is not required, as white turf is a frost-resistant crop. So, for example, the Elegantissima variety is able to withstand the most severe frosts. Even if the trunk of the bush freezes above the snow cover, then with the advent of spring the plant will quickly recover. Composition with geyhers and allium onions. Reproduction by cuttings Derain seed propagation is a long and difficult process, therefore it is used extremely rarely. In view of this, propagation by cuttings is used for the varieties Elengatissima, Sibirik and others. As cuttings for propagation, semi-lignified or lignified are used. If there are a lot of cuttings, then they can be planted in cold greenhouses. If not enough, then separate containers are taken, flower pots are suitable. Propagation by cuttings is done in spring. Planted cuttings should be regularly watered and sprayed. This method of reproduction makes it possible to obtain a large number of new plants. The border of the conservatory at Bressingham Gardens, Norfolk, UK. Pruning and haircut Rejuvenating pruning is necessary in the spring. You can do this in the fall, but in winter time the culture looks very decorative, so it is not worth pruning in the fall. When pruning, all old branches are pruned. Pruning stimulates the growth of new young shoots. Leave the height of the shoots about 20 cm from the stump. Several times per season (about 3 times) the culture is sheared. Since the crown is very spreading, it needs to be shaped. Usually give an oval or spherical shape. In addition to improving the visual appearance, cutting helps to preserve the decorative properties of the shrub. Varieties (Elengatissima, Sibirika and others) lend themselves well to pruning and shearing. Application in landscape design Derain white is used in single and group plantings, used for mixborders of hardwood and coniferous shrubs. With it, hedges are created, as well as winter gardens. We also recommend How "Night Swallows" ("Night Witches") brought the Victory in WWII closer The history of the first partisan detachment of the Great Patriotic War Theophanes the Greek biography briefly icon painter The civilizational choice of Rus' in the 13th century: The feat of humility of St. Alexander Nevsky Guards units in the army: foundation, history The actual side of lend-lease assistance Loading...